[
{"Name": "Cor triatriatum", "Synonyms": ["Left atrial membrane"], "Effects": ["Mitral stenosis"], "Parents": ["Acyanotic heart disease"], "Description": ["\"One atrium subdivided by a thin membrane", "resulting in three atrial chambers.\r\nUpper chamber gets venous blood from both vena cavae. \r\nLower chamber is in contact with the tricuspid valve.\r\n\r\nMortality may exceed 75% in untreated symptomatic cases.\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "High progesterone", "Causes": ["Hormonal change in pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Physiological raised temperature", "Decreased smooth muscle excitability", "Uterus hyperplasia", "Cervical ectropion", "Polycythaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Prurigo nodularis", "Synonyms": ["Picker's nodules", "Hyde prurigo nodularis"], "Effects": ["Pruritus"], "Parents": ["Idiopathic skin disease"], "Treatments": ["Emollients", "Coal tar", "Calcipotriol", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Symmeteric", "pruritic", "excoriated nodules\nArms", "legs\""]}
,{"Name": "Concrete thinking", "Synonyms": ["Negative formal thought disorder"], "Parents": ["Disconnected thought"]}
,{"Name": "ACVRL1 gene mutation", "Synonyms": ["Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 12q13.13\""]}
,{"Name": "Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscle", "Synonyms": ["Calf pseudohypertrophy"], "Causes": ["Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "Becker muscular dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Neuroleptic drug", "Synonyms": ["Neuroleptic tranquilliser", "Antipsychotic drug", "Major tranquilliser"], "Effects": ["Parkinsonism", "Impotence", "Tarditive dyskinesia", "Oculogyric crisis", "Anovulatory cycle"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric drug"], "Children": ["Phenothiazine", "Prochlorperazine", "Butyrophenone", "Thioridazine", "Metoclopramide", "Sulpiride", "Haloperidol", "Atypical antipsychotic"], "Treats": ["Schizophrenia", "Psychosis", "Huntington disease"]}
,{"Name": "Ruptured atheroma", "Causes": ["Atherosclerosis"], "Effects": ["Arterial embolus"]}
,{"Name": "Gastrointestinal disease", "Synonyms": ["Gastroenterological disease", "GI disease"], "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Gastrointestinal haemorrhage", "Jaundice", "Acute pancreatitis", "Bowel obstruction", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Rupture of abdominal viscus", "Abdominal fistula", "Bowel bypass syndrome", "Diverticular disease"]}
,{"Name": "Pulseless electrical activity", "Synonyms": ["PEA", "Electromechanical dissociation", "EMD"], "Parents": ["Ventricular arrhythmia", "Cardiac arrest"]}
,{"Name": "Atrophy of finger pulp", "Synonyms": ["Finger pulp atrophy"], "Causes": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Raynaud phenomenon"]}
,{"Name": "Blepharophimosis", "Effects": ["Ptosis"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign", "Head and neck malformation"]}
,{"Name": "MAPT gene mutation", "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Congestive cardiac failure", "Synonyms": ["CCF", "Biventricular failure"], "Effects": ["Left ventricular failure", "Right ventricular failure"], "Parents": ["Heart failure"]}
,{"Name": "Pneumothorax", "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome", "Emphysema", "Asthma", "Thoracic trauma", "Lymphangioleiomyomatosis", "General anaesthetic", "Pacemaker", "Pertussis", "Meconium aspiration", "Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome", "Penetrating injury", "Total parenteral nutrition", "Central line"], "Effects": ["Hyperresonance", "Decreased breath sounds", "Tension pneumothorax", "Pleuritic chest pain", "Hamman sign"], "Parents": ["Pleural pathology", "Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Quincke sign", "Causes": ["Hyperdynamic circulation"], "Parents": ["Vascular sign"], "Description": ["\"Nail bed capillary pulsation\""]}
,{"Name": "False faucial membrane", "Causes": ["Diphtheria"]}
,{"Name": "Febrile convulsion", "Causes": ["Roseola infantum"], "Effects": ["Seizure", "Childhood seizure"]}
,{"Name": "Iatrogenic fluid overload", "Synonyms": ["Overhydration"], "Causes": ["Intravenous fluid", "Blood transfusion"], "Effects": ["Fluid overload"]}
,{"Name": "Soft second heart sound", "Synonyms": ["Soft HS II", "Soft S2"], "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis", "Aortic regurgitation"]}
,{"Name": "Acanthosis nigricans", "Causes": ["Obesity", "Type II diabetes mellitus", "Cushing syndrome", "Acromegaly", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Lymphoma", "High oestrogen"], "Effects": ["Tripe palm"], "Parents": ["Congenital skin disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder", "Skin signs on observation", "Endocrine skin disorder"], "Description": ["\"Velvety hyperpigmentation of neck", "axilla", "groin\n\nTYPES:\n-Hereditary \n-Endocrinal: Increased circulating insulin- activates keratinocyte\n-Paraneoplastic syndrome.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cervicitis", "Causes": ["Chlamydial veneral infection"]}
,{"Name": "Shouting", "Synonyms": ["Overuse of voice", "Screaming"], "Effects": ["Laryngeal nodule"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Effects": ["Mycoplasmal pneumonia", "Arthralgia", "Erythema multiforme", "Cold antibody haemolysis", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Infective hepatitis", "Bullous myringitis", "Thrombocytopenia", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Transverse myelitis", "Myocarditis", "Bacterial pericarditis", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Acute pancreatitis", "Tubo-ovarian abscess", "Anti-GalC antibody", "Bacterial gastroenteritis", "Bacterial lymphocytic meningitis"], "Parents": ["Mycoplasmal infection"], "Treatments": ["Macrolide", "Tetracycline"], "Description": ["\"50% have cold agglutinins\""]}
,{"Name": "Aplasia of iris", "Causes": ["Hypomelanosis of Ito"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Dacryocystitis", "Synonyms": ["Infection of lacrymal sac", "Lacrymal sac infection"], "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus"], "Effects": ["Periorbital oedema", "Face lump", "Eye pain"], "Parents": ["Rhinology"], "Treatments": ["Antibiotic", "Hot compresses", "dacryocystorhinostomy"], "Description": ["\"maybe acute or chronic.\""]}
,{"Name": "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Synonyms": ["Sideroblastosis"], "Causes": ["Alcoholism", "Lead poisoning", "Isoniazid", "Chloramphenicol", "Rheumatoid disease", "Pearson syndrome", "Myeloma"], "Effects": ["Microcytosis", "Dimorphic blood film", "Ineffective erythropoiesis", "Decreased platelet production", "Basophilic stippling"], "Parents": ["Anaemia", "Microcytic anaemia", "X-linked recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"Rx pyridoxine", "transfusion + chelation\""]}
,{"Name": "Oedema", "Causes": ["Decreased oncotic pressure", "Blue bloater"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Ascites", "Pulmonary oedema", "Peripheral oedema", "Swelling of ankles", "Periorbital oedema", "Sacral oedema"]}
,{"Name": "Motor neurone disease", "Synonyms": ["MND", "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", "ALS", "Lou Gehrig disease"], "Causes": ["Superoxide dismutase gene mutation", "SOD1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Mixed motor weakness", "Bulbar palsy", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Paraplegia", "Beevor's sign"], "Parents": ["Anterior horn cell disease"], "Treatments": ["Riluzole"], "Description": ["\"Asymmetrical mixed motor-only deficit\nEarly fasciculation", "bulbar involvement and drooling\n5% family history\n50% ALS", "25% Bulbar", "25% Progressive muscular atrophy\""]}
,{"Name": "Telangiectasia", "Synonyms": ["Telangiectasis"], "Causes": ["High oestrogen", "Alcoholic liver disease", "Chronic liver disease", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "CREST syndrome", "Xeroderma pigmentosa", "Poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare", "Ataxia telangiectasia", "Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum", "Urticaria pigmentosa", "Bloom syndrome"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Children": ["Nail-fold telangiectasia"], "Treatments": ["Laser therapy"], "Description": ["\"Post-capillary venule dilatation\""]}
,{"Name": "Prosthetic cardiac valve", "Synonyms": ["Prosthetic valve", "Valve replacement", "Prosthetic heart valve"], "Effects": ["Intravascular haemolysis", "Decreased platelet survival", "Systemic thromboembolisation"], "Parents": ["Prosthesis", "Cardiac surgery"], "Children": ["Mitral valve replacement", "Aortic valve replacement"], "Treats": ["Pulmonary stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Collapsing pulse", "Synonyms": ["Corrigan pulse", "Waterhammer pulse"], "Causes": ["Aortic regurgitation", "Patent ductus arteriosus"], "Parents": ["Pulse sign", "Carotid pulse sign"], "Description": ["\"water hammer pulse\""]}
,{"Name": "Delayed accommodation", "Causes": ["Holmes-Adie pupil"], "Effects": ["Clouding of vision"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Delayed lens accommodation in response to convergence\""]}
,{"Name": "Caseating granuloma", "Causes": ["Tuberculosis", "Gumma", "Lepromatous leprosy"], "Parents": ["Granuloma"]}
,{"Name": "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome", "Synonyms": ["HUS"], "Causes": ["Escherichia coli O157:H7", "Shigella", "Pregnancy", "Quinine", "Cyclosporin", "Transplant Surgery", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Atypical haemolytic uraemia syndrome"], "Effects": ["Acute kidney injury", "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition"], "Parents": ["Thrombotic microangiopathy"], "Description": ["\"Predominantly children.\nPreceded by water or foodborne infection. \nMortality 10%", "higher in adults.\n\nPathology:\nMicroangiopathy. Renal endolthelial vascular damage.\nClumping of platelets in kidney. Blood flow reduced.\nPartial blockage of  blood vessels also leads to destruction of red cells (hemolysis) - the effects on red cells are similar to throwing a\ntomato through chicken wire. \n\nCause of hemolytic uremic syndrome in adults is often unknown. \""]}
,{"Name": "Apolipoprotein allele", "Synonyms": ["Apoprotein allele"], "Parents": ["Polymorphism"], "Children": ["Apolipoprotein E2", "Apolipoprotein A1", "Apolipoprotein C2", "Apolipoprotein E4", "Apolipoprotein B-100"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma of skin", "Synonyms": ["Dermatological carcinoma", "Cutaneous carcinoma", "Skin cancer", "Cutaneous malignancy", "Dermatological malignancy", "Skin Tumours", "Neoplastic disease of skin"], "Causes": ["Caucasian"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma", "Skin Tumours"], "Children": ["Squamous cell skin cancer", "Basal cell carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Pre-T cell acute lymphoid leukaemia", "Synonyms": ["Pre-T cell ALL"], "Causes": ["Philadelphia chromosome", "Testicular tumour"], "Effects": ["Thymoma"], "Parents": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"], "Treatments": ["Allogenic bone marrow transplant"], "Description": ["\"Adolescent male. 15% of ALL\""]}
,{"Name": "Benzene", "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Chemical", "Carcinogen"]}
,{"Name": "Folic acid", "Parents": ["Vitamin"], "Treats": ["Folic acid deficiency", "Sickle cell crisis"]}
,{"Name": "Oesophagitis", "Causes": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Bisphosphonate", "Irradiation", "Acid ingestion", "Herpes simplex type I", "Cytomegalovirus", "Candida albicans"], "Effects": ["Heartburn", "Dull chest pain", "Regurgitation", "Dysphagia", "Odynophagia", "Oesophageal stenosis", "Cough", "Bronchoconstriction"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology", "Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "MEN I", "Synonyms": ["Type I multiple endocrine neoplasia", "MEN-1", "MEN 1", "Multiple endocrine adenopathy", "MEA type I", "Wermer syndrome", "Wermer's endocrine neoplasia"], "Causes": ["MEN1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Pituitary adenoma", "Parathyroid adenoma", "Pancreatic islet tumour", "Lipoma", "Carcinoid tumour", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Ependymoma"], "Parents": ["Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome"], "Description": ["\"chromosome 11\""]}
,{"Name": "Mid-cycle bleeding", "Synonyms": ["Breakthrough bleeding", "Spotting"], "Causes": ["Oral contraceptive pill", "Venereal disease", "Cervical cancer"], "Description": ["\"Estrogen breakthrough bleeding: \nOccurs when ovulation does not happen", "resulting in a state of high estrogen and low progesterone.\nThis allows the uterus to be continually exposed to estrogen until the levels are so high that feedback from the brain (in the form of decreased follicle stimulating hormone) causes estrogen levels to decline somewhat.\n\nProgesterone breakthrough bleeding: \nThis occurs when an excessive ratio of progesterone to estrogen exerts its influence on the endometrium. \nTypically this situation occurs in women taking only progesterone-containing birth control pills\""]}
,{"Name": "Todd paresis", "Synonyms": ["Todd's paresis", "Todd's palsy"], "Causes": ["Epileptic seizure"], "Effects": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"Post-ictal neurology\""]}
,{"Name": "Corneal calcification", "Causes": ["Hypercalcaemia"], "Effects": ["Corneal opacity"], "Parents": ["Ectopic calcification", "Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Traumatic encephalopathy", "Effects": ["Neurological mental disorder"], "Parents": ["Encephalopathy"], "Children": ["Acute traumatic encephalopathy", "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Pterygium of the eye", "Synonyms": ["surfer's eye."], "Causes": ["Ultraviolet light", "Exposure to wind"], "Effects": ["Red eye", "Gritty eye", "Corneal opacity"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Treatments": ["Excision", "Conjunctival autograft", "Amniotic membrane transplant", "Strontium plaque irradiation"], "Description": ["\"Benign growth of the conjunctiva.\nDegeneration of collagen and fibrovascular proliferation. \n\nA wedge haped  area  that grows from the nasal side of the sclera towards the cornea.\nIt has an advancing portion called the head of the pterygium.\nMay invade cornea.\n\nOften preceded by a pinguecula - a yellowish patch on the conjunctiva near the cornea.\""]}
,{"Name": "General Surgery", "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Excision", "Wide excision", "Abscess drainage", "Cryosurgery"]}
,{"Name": "Plasmodium malariae", "Effects": ["Hepatocellular jaundice"], "Parents": ["Malaria"]}
,{"Name": "Desmopressin", "Synonyms": ["DDAVP"], "Parents": ["Vasopressin analogue"], "Treats": ["Von Willebrand disease", "Enuresis", "Diabetes insipidus", "Haemophilia A"]}
,{"Name": "Shoulder dystocia", "Causes": ["Obesity", "Fetal macrosomia", "Gestational diabetes"], "Effects": ["Post-partum haemorrhage", "Perineal tear", "Brachial plexus lesion"], "Parents": ["Dystocia", "Complication of childbirth"], "Children": ["Congenital pelvic malformation"], "Description": ["\"Presentation is vertex \nbut fetal shoulder lodges behind symphysis pubis after delivery of  head", "preventing vaginal delivery. \n\nRecognized when head is delivered onto the perineum but appears to be pulled \nback tightly against the perineum (turtle sign).\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Right ventricular pacing", "Synonyms": ["RIght ventricular pacemaker"], "Effects": ["Paradoxical splitting of second heart sound"], "Parents": ["Pacemaker"]}
,{"Name": "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Synonyms": ["MLD", "Arylsulfatase A deficiency", "Sulphatide sulphatase deficiency", "Sulphatide accumulation disorder", "Cerebroside-sulphatase deficiency", "MCLD"], "Effects": ["Demyelination of central nervous system", "Optic atrophy", "Mental retardation", "Early onset dementia", "Psychosis", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Global developmental delay", "Abnormal white cell enzyme", "Metabolic epilepsy", "Demyelination of peripheral nerve"], "Parents": ["Leukodystrophy", "Sphingolipidosis"], "Description": ["\"Sulphatide accumulation in the CNS\""]}
,{"Name": "Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia", "Synonyms": ["Conjugated bilirubinaemia"], "Causes": ["Cholestasis", "Dubin-Johnson syndrome", "Rotor syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dark urine", "Pale stools", "Yellow sclera"], "Parents": ["Hyperbilirubinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Absent gag reflex", "Causes": ["Bulbar palsy", "Vagus palsy", "Cranial accessory nerve palsy", "Brainstem death"]}
,{"Name": "Shrapnel wound", "Effects": ["Missile injury"]}
,{"Name": "Breast growth", "Causes": ["High oestriol"]}
,{"Name": "Medullary thyroid cancer", "Synonyms": ["Medullary carcinoma of thyroid"], "Causes": ["MEN II", "MEN III"], "Effects": ["Calcitonin"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of thyroid", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Treatments": ["Total thyroidectomy"], "Description": ["\"80% are sporadic", "20% are MEN II\n\nSpread:\nLympahtics\nBlood spread\n\nNot hormone responsive\n\nTreatment:\nTotal thyroidectomy +\nExcision of regional nodes\n\n Prognosis:\n 50% 5 yr survival\n\nOthers:\n1)Produces calcitonin\n2)Associated with MEN IIB\n    -Thyroid Cancer\n    -Hyperarparathyroidsm\n    -Phaeochromocytoma\n    -Oral mucosal neuromata\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Ganglionopathy", "Synonyms": ["Dorsal root ganglionopathy", "Dorsal ganglionopathy"], "Causes": ["Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Mercury"], "Effects": ["Large fibre neuropathy", "Hyporeflexia"]}
,{"Name": "Colorectal carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["Colon cancer", "Colonic carcinoma", "Bowel cancer", "Bowel malignancy"], "Causes": ["Colonic polyp", "Ureto-sigmoid anastomosis", "Ulcerative colitis", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Obesity", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Diarrhoea", "Lower gastrointestinal bleed", "Carcino-embryonic antigen", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Streptococcus bovis", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Dermatomyositis", "Apple-core stricture", "Leser-Trelat sign", "Abdominal fistula", "Colo-vesical fistula", "Enterocolic fistula", "Lung metastasis", "Krukenberg tumour", "Weight loss"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Intra-abdominal malignancy", "Lower gastrointestinal pathology"], "Children": ["Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer"], "Treatments": ["Hartmann procedure", "Right hemicolectomy", "Cetuximab", "Bevacizumab", "Weight loss"]}
,{"Name": "Enroth sign", "Synonyms": ["Eyelid fullness"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Oedema of the lower lid\""]}
,{"Name": "Papilloedema", "Synonyms": ["Optic disc swelling", "Oedema of optic nerve head", "Papillar oedema"], "Causes": ["Raised intracranial pressure", "Hypercapnia", "Hypocalcaemia", "Optic neuritis", "Paraproteinaemia", "Whipple's disease", "Bromide", "Malignant hypertension"], "Effects": ["Large blind spot", "Tunnel vision", "Clouding of vision"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign", "Hypertensive retinopathy"], "Children": ["Unilateral papilloedema"]}
,{"Name": "Elevated VEGF", "Synonyms": ["Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid disease", "Metastasis", "POEMS syndrome"], "Effects": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Turner syndrome", "Synonyms": ["XO karyotype"], "Causes": ["Monosomy X"], "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea", "Short stature", "Webbed neck", "Cubitus valgus", "Shortened fourth metacarpal", "Widely spaced nipples", "Inverted nipples", "Hyperconvex nails", "Coarctation of the aorta", "Congenital aortic valve malformation", "Atrial septal defect", "Ventricular septal defect", "Kidney malformation", "Bilateral ptosis", "Lymphoedema", "Primary ovarian failure", "Hydrops fetalis", "High arched palate", "Horseshoe kidney", "Low-set ears", "Micrognathia", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes"], "Parents": ["Karyotypic abnormality"]}
,{"Name": "Piperacillin", "Parents": ["Penicillin", "Very broad spectrum antibiotic"]}
,{"Name": "Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome", "Parents": ["Endocrine disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder", "Congenital neoplastic syndrome"], "Children": ["MEN I", "MEN II", "MEN III"], "Description": ["\"Autosomal dominant\""]}
,{"Name": "Pelvic floor exercises", "Treats": ["Stress incontinence"]}
,{"Name": "Tinea cruris", "Synonyms": ["Ringworm infection"], "Causes": ["Canine or feline"], "Parents": ["Ringworm infection", "Fungal infections of skin"]}
,{"Name": "Risus sardonicus", "Causes": ["Tetanus"], "Description": ["\"Increased facial muscle tone causes grin-like dystonia\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Compulsion", "Causes": ["Obsessive compulsive disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Left-shift of haemoglobin dissociation curve", "Synonyms": ["Increased oxygen affinity"], "Causes": ["Hypothermia"], "Effects": ["Acute hypoxia"]}
,{"Name": "Ashkenazi Jew", "Effects": ["Tay-Sachs disease", "Riley-Day syndrome", "Pemphigus vulgaris", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Canavan disease"], "Parents": ["Ethnic origin"]}
,{"Name": "Exudate pleural effusion", "Causes": ["Lobar pneumonia", "Pulmonary embolus", "Mesothelioma", "Lymphoma", "Malignant pleural effusion", "Bloody pleural effusion", "Collagen vascular disease", "Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity", "Primary tuberculosis", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Coccidioides immitis"], "Effects": ["Pleural rub"], "Parents": ["Pleural effusion"], "Description": ["\"Serum-fluid albumen gradient < 1.2\nProtein > 3 g\nfluid / serum LDH ratio > 0.6\nCholesterol > 60 mg.dl\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyperpigmented palmar creases", "Causes": ["Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Hyperpigmentation", "Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Silver stain positive", "Causes": ["Fungal infection", "Legionella"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Painless Fracture", "Causes": ["Pathological fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Orbital blowout fracture", "Causes": ["Head injury"], "Effects": ["Periorbital ecchymosis", "Diplopia", "Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Fluid in maxillary sinus", "Teardrop sign"], "Parents": ["Fracture"], "Treatments": ["Titanium implant"], "Description": ["\"Fracture of the walls or floor of the orbit\nBlunt trauma\n\nIntraorbital fat  pushed out into  paranasal sinuses.(Xray-Teardrop sign)\""]}
,{"Name": "Metallic taste", "Causes": ["Lead poisoning"], "Parents": ["Oral symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Coffee", "Effects": ["Caffeine"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle", "Drink"]}
,{"Name": "Paraplegia", "Synonyms": ["Paraparesis", "Spastic paraparesis", "Spastic paraplegia", "Spastic paralysis of lower limb"], "Causes": ["Myelopathy", "Demyelination of central nervous system", "Mixed motor weakness", "Motor neurone disease", "Tropical spastic paraplegia", "Spinal muscular atrophy"], "Effects": ["Secondary amyloidosis"], "Parents": ["Paresis"]}
,{"Name": "Trendelenberg gait", "Causes": ["Weakness of hip abduction"], "Parents": ["Gait"], "Description": ["\"Pelvis droops to opposite side during step due to abductor weakness\""]}
,{"Name": "Surgical bowel hernia", "Parents": ["Bowel hernia"]}
,{"Name": "Solifenacin", "Synonyms": ["Vesicare"], "Parents": ["Antimuscarinic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Femoral hernia", "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome"], "Effects": ["Groin swelling"], "Parents": ["Bowel hernia"]}
,{"Name": "Erythroid hyperplasia", "Causes": ["Polycythaemia rubra vera"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow sign"]}
,{"Name": "Port wine stain", "Causes": ["Sturge-Weber syndrome", "Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome", "Parkes Weber syndrome"], "Parents": ["Vascular malformations"], "Treatments": ["Laser therapy"], "Description": ["\"Difference between Haemangioma & PWS\n  - PWS = hypertrophy (angioma = hyperplasia)\n  - PWS grows with  patient.\n  - PWS wont disappear over time .\n  - PWS always present at birth\n\nDistribution \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd trigeminal nerve.\n\nPink to purple patches.\n\nUnilateral with a distinct cut off.\n\nFacial lesions need early referral because of:\n      - Possibility of the Sturge-Weber syndrome \n      - major cosmetic impact \n      - Lesions  near eye maybe associated with glaucoma.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Nitrofurantoin", "Effects": ["Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Apical lung fibrosis", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Cholestasis", "Eosinophilic pneumonia", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic", "Drug secreted in breast milk"]}
,{"Name": "Chocolate", "Effects": ["Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid", "Hyperoxaluria", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Anthracosis", "Synonyms": ["Coal miner's lung"], "Causes": ["Coal dust inhalation"], "Parents": ["Pneumoconiosis"]}
,{"Name": "Dysphagia", "Synonyms": ["Difficulty swallowing"], "Causes": ["Xerostomia", "Globus hystericus", "Vagus palsy", "Bulbar palsy", "Pseudobulbar palsy", "Muscle weakness", "Pharyngeal pouch", "Multinodular goitre", "Oesophagitis", "Oesophageal stenosis", "Barrett's oesophagus", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Achalasia cardia", "Progressive supranuclear palsy", "Zenker diverticulum", "Generalised anxiety disorder", "Epiglottitis", "Farber disease", "Oropharyngeal anthrax", "Oral ulcer"], "Effects": ["Hydrophobia", "Malnutrition"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Loeffler syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Loffler syndrome", "Loeffler's eosinophilic pneumonitis", "L\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdffler syndrome"], "Causes": ["Ascaris lumbricoides", "Strongyloides stercoralis", "Wucheria bancrofti"], "Effects": ["Loffler's eosinophilic carditis", "Transient bilateral lung shadowing", "Eosinophilic pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Pneumonia"], "Children": ["Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia"]}
,{"Name": "Bowel resection", "Parents": ["Bowel surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Brachytherapy", "Parents": ["Radiotherapy"], "Treats": ["Prostate cancer", "Carcinoma of breast", "Cervical cancer", "Carcinoma Tongue", "Carcinoma mouth"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital peripheral neuropathy", "Causes": ["Friedrich ataxia", "Schindler disease", "Hereditory sensory and motor neuropathy"], "Effects": ["Peripheral neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Peripheral neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Non-sedating antihistamine", "Parents": ["Antihistamine"], "Children": ["Cetirizine", "Loratidine"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudorhagades", "Synonyms": ["Peri-oral fissure"], "Causes": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Erythropoietic protoporphyria"], "Effects": ["Angular stomatitis"], "Parents": ["Face sign", "Cheilitis"]}
,{"Name": "Insulin neuritis", "Causes": ["Insulin"], "Effects": ["Mononeuritis multiplex"]}
,{"Name": "Cluster headache", "Effects": ["Retro-orbital pain", "Epiphora", "Conjunctival injection"], "Parents": ["Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia"], "Description": ["\"30min-3hrs", "up to 2 per day\""]}
,{"Name": "Diuretic excess", "Causes": ["Diuretic"], "Effects": ["Renal sodium and water loss"], "Parents": ["Acquired metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Tetanus", "Causes": ["Clostridium tetani"], "Effects": ["Tetany", "Trismus", "Risus sardonicus", "Autonomic nervous hyperactivity"], "Parents": ["Exotoxin syndrome", "Notifiable disease"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"], "Description": ["\"exotoxic GABA blockade\nRx penicilllin or metronidazole\""]}
,{"Name": "Hiatus hernia", "Synonyms": ["Hiatal hernia"], "Causes": ["Sandifer anomaly", "Saint's Triad"], "Effects": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"], "Parents": ["Bowel hernia", "Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Increased KCO", "Synonyms": ["Increasec carbon monoxide transfer factor", "Increased diffusion coefficient"], "Causes": ["Polycythaemia", "Pulmonary haemorrhage", "Left to right shunt"], "Parents": ["Decreased lung function"]}
,{"Name": "Respiratory sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Tachypnoea", "Stridor", "Auscultatory lung sign", "Percussion sign", "Cheyne-Stokes respiration", "Decreased peak expiratory flow", "Kussmaul respiration", "Hypopnoea"]}
,{"Name": "Sensory level", "Synonyms": ["Loss of sensation below one spinal level"], "Causes": ["Myelopathy", "Raymond-Cestan syndrome"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "FGFR3 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Achondroplasia", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Epidermal naevus"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 4p16.3\""]}
,{"Name": "High alanine aminotransferase", "Synonyms": ["High ALT", "Transaminitis", "Alanine transaminase"], "Causes": ["Cholestasis", "Rhabdomyolysis"], "Parents": ["Elevated liver enzymes"]}
,{"Name": "Fibrinolysis defect", "Effects": ["Genetic hypercoagulable state"]}
,{"Name": "Gliclazide", "Parents": ["Sulphonylurea"]}
,{"Name": "Increased purine turnover", "Effects": ["High plasma urate"]}
,{"Name": "Atrial flutter", "Parents": ["Atrial tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Palilalia", "Synonyms": ["Self-repetition"], "Causes": ["Gilles de la Tourette syndrome", "Progressive supranuclear palsy"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudophakia", "Effects": ["Posterior vitreous detachment"]}
,{"Name": "Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction", "Causes": ["Spirochaete infection", "Benzylpenicillin"], "Description": ["\"Release of treponemal entotoxin\nToxic shock.\""]}
,{"Name": "Carpal tunnel release", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Thermoactinomyces vulgaris", "Effects": ["Farmer's lung"], "Parents": ["Actinomyces"]}
,{"Name": "Schatzki ring", "Parents": ["Oesophageal stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Slow healing ulcer", "Causes": ["Rat-bite fever"]}
,{"Name": "Generalised hyperpigmentation", "Synonyms": ["Dark skin"], "Causes": ["African origin", "Indian origin", "Sun exposure", "Increased ACTH", "Cutaneous haemosiderosis", "Uraemia", "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "High oestriol", "Whipple's disease", "McCune Albright syndrome", "Fanconi anaemia", "Poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare", "Casal necklace", "Cronkhite-Canada syndrome", "Urticaria pigmentosa", "Argyria", "Arsenic", "Minocycline", "Addison disease", "Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome"], "Effects": ["Linea nigra", "Cholasma", "Hyperpigmented palmar creases"], "Parents": ["Hyperpigmentation"]}
,{"Name": "Bullous myringitis", "Synonyms": ["Tympanic bullae"], "Causes": ["Mycoplasma pneumoniae"], "Effects": ["Conductive deafness"]}
,{"Name": "Emergency laparotomy", "Children": ["Elective laparotomy"]}
,{"Name": "Iridotomy", "Treats": ["Chronic glaucoma", "Glaucoma", "Acute glaucoma"]}
,{"Name": "Kidney transplant rejection", "Synonyms": ["Renal transplant rejection"], "Causes": ["Kidney transplant"], "Effects": ["Renal tubular damage"]}
,{"Name": "Liver failure", "Synonyms": ["Hepatic failure"], "Causes": ["Chronic liver disease", "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy", "Cirrhosis", "HELLP syndrome", "Hereditary tyrosinosis"], "Effects": ["Elevated liver enzymes", "Hyperbilirubinaemia", "Hypoalbuminaemia", "Clotting factor deficiency", "Hypoglycaemia", "High ammonia", "Hepatic encephalopathy", "Spider naevi", "Palmar erythema", "Foetor hepaticus", "Sinus tachycardia", "High oestrogen", "Low testosterone", "Impotence", "Hepatorenal syndrome", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Multi-organ failure", "Myelophthisic anaemia", "Target cells", "Hepatopulmonary syndrome", "Malaise", "Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Liver disease", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Fulminant liver failure"], "Treatments": ["Human albumin solution"], "Description": ["\"Prothrombin & Fibrinogen not synthesised.\""]}
,{"Name": "Oligohydramnios", "Causes": ["Renal agenesis", "Posterior urethral valve", "Prune-belly syndrome", "Overdue pregnancy", "Premature membrane rupture"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary hypoplasia", "Neonatal respiratory distress", "Umblical cord copmpression", "Inevitable abortion", "Potter syndrome", "Miscarriage"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Treatments": ["Rehydration"], "Description": ["\"<0.5L amniotic fluid\nIncidence =10%\""]}
,{"Name": "Recurrent pyogenic infection", "Causes": ["Leucocyte adhesion molecule deficiency", "Neutropenia"], "Effects": ["Lung abscess", "Urinary tract infection"]}
,{"Name": "Treacher Collins syndrome", "Effects": ["Downward slanting palpebral fissures", "Coloboma", "Maxillary hyoplasia", "Absent zygomatic bone", "Micrognathia", "Low-set ears", "Absent ears", "Cleft palate", "Conductive deafness"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Craniofacial syndromes"], "Description": ["\"Mutations in the TCOF1 gene.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Exercise haematuria", "Effects": ["Haematuria"]}
,{"Name": "Personality disorder", "Causes": ["Neurological mental disorder"], "Parents": ["Neurotic disorder", "Psychological problem"], "Children": ["Paranoid personality disorder", "Schizoid personality disorder", "Histrionic personality disorder", "Dependent personality disorder", "Munchausen syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "VEGF inhibitor", "Parents": ["Chemotheraputic drug", "Growth factor inhibitor"], "Children": ["Sunitnib", "Bevacizumab"], "Description": ["\"vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors.\nInhibit angiogenesis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Primary ovarian failure", "Causes": ["Endocrine autoimmune disease", "Turner syndrome"], "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea", "Raised luteinising hormone", "Raised follicle-stimulating hormone", "Low oestrogen"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological pathology", "Hypogonadism"]}
,{"Name": "Gram negative coccus", "Parents": ["Bacterial infection"], "Children": ["Neisseria", "Moraxella catarrhalis"]}
,{"Name": "Sleep apnoea", "Causes": ["Achondroplasia"], "Parents": ["Sleep disorder"], "Treatments": ["Weight loss"]}
,{"Name": "Breast symptom", "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Nipple discharge", "Breast lump", "Cyclical breast pain"]}
,{"Name": "Autonomic dysreflexia", "Synonyms": ["Acute autonomic dysreflexia"], "Causes": ["Quadriplegia", "Baroreceptor deafferentation syndrome", "Adrenal insufficiency alacrima and achalasia syndrome", "Guillain-Barre syndrome"], "Effects": ["Sinus bradycardia", "Sinus tachycardia", "Rhinorrhoea", "Malignant hypertension", "Hot flush", "Sweating", "Autonomic nervous hyperactivity"], "Parents": ["Dysautonomia"], "Treatments": ["Clonidine"], "Description": ["\"Acute episodes of autonomic dysfunction\nPrecipitated by catheter blockage", "visceral distension", "vesicoureteric reflux", "labour\""]}
,{"Name": "Lowe syndrome", "Causes": ["OCRL gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Glaucoma", "Hyperaminoaciduria", "Phosphaturia", "Proximal renal tubule acidosis", "Proteinuria", "Congenital cataract", "Hereditary Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Renal metabolic disorder", "X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"mutations in OCRL1 gene which encodes a inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase\n\nThis protein is associated with \n -cilia of the retinal pigment epithelial cells", "-fibroblasts  \n -kidney tubular cells\n\nFanconi type tubular dysfunction\""]}
,{"Name": "MLPH gene mutation", "Effects": ["Griscelli syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 2q37.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Bornholm disease", "Synonyms": ["Devil's grip"], "Causes": ["Coxsackie virus"]}
,{"Name": "Failure to thrive", "Synonyms": ["Retarded growth", "Growth retardation", "Light for gestational age", "LGA"], "Causes": ["Childhood malnutriton", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Tetralogy of Fallot", "Trisomy 22", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "CHARGE syndrome", "Cornelia de Lange syndrome", "Copper deficiency", "Zinc deficiency", "Glycogen storage disorder type II", "Russell-Silver syndrome", "Hereditary tyrosinosis", "Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Paediatric sign"]}
,{"Name": "Childhood malnutriton", "Causes": ["Inadequate iron intake", "Vitamin deficiency"], "Effects": ["Failure to thrive"], "Parents": ["Acquired childhood disease", "Malnutrition"]}
,{"Name": "Caustic soda", "Synonyms": ["Lye", "Sodium hydroxide", "NaOH"], "Effects": ["Oesophageal stenosis", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Oral trauma"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Neisseria", "Causes": ["C5 deficiency"], "Parents": ["Gram negative coccus"], "Children": ["Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Meningococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Endovascular repair", "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Treats": ["Aortic aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Lattice corneal dystrophy", "Synonyms": ["Biber-Haab-Dimmer dystrophy"], "Causes": ["Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy"], "Effects": ["Corneal opacity"], "Parents": ["Corneal sign"], "Description": ["\"deposits in the stroma \nclear", "comma-shaped overlapping dots and branching filaments", "creating a lattice effect. \""]}
,{"Name": "Aicardi syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome"], "Causes": ["TREX-1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Callosal agenesis", "Retinal lacuna", "Seizure", "Microcephaly", "Mental retardation"], "Parents": ["X-linked dominant disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Cobblestone mucosa", "Synonyms": ["Cobble-stoning"], "Causes": ["Crohn's disease"], "Parents": ["Barium sign"]}
,{"Name": "Infertility", "Synonyms": ["Inability to conceive"], "Causes": ["Azoospermia", "Hypogonadism", "Kennedy disease", "Varicocele", "Anovulatory cycle", "Pelvic inflammatory disease"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"], "Treatments": ["Tamoxifen", "In vitro fertilisation"]}
,{"Name": "Capreomycin", "Effects": ["Ototoxicity", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Eosinophilia", "Drug nephrotoxicity"], "Parents": ["Anti-tuberculous agent"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Causes": ["Zieve syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Piroxicam", "Effects": ["Stevens-Johnson syndrome"], "Parents": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug"]}
,{"Name": "Meig syndrome", "Causes": ["Ovarian fibroma"], "Effects": ["Ascites", "Transudate pleural effusion"]}
,{"Name": "AIDS with mycobacterium avium complex", "Effects": ["Splenomegaly"], "Parents": ["Opportunistic infection"]}
,{"Name": "Restrictive pulmonary disease", "Synonyms": ["Restrictive pulmonary deficit", "Restrictive lung disease", "Restrictive ventilatory defect"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary fibrosis", "Shrinking lung", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Pleural effusion", "Pneumonectomy", "Mesothelioma"], "Effects": ["Decreased vital capacity", "Decreased total lung volume"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary disease"]}
,{"Name": "Thiazide", "Effects": ["Drug induced platelet production impairment", "Hypercalcaemia", "High plasma urate", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "Acute pancreatitis", "Erythroderma", "Hyperglycaemia", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Lichen planus", "Hypokalaemia", "Metabolic alkalosis"], "Parents": ["Diuretic", "Vasoconstrictor drug", "Sulphonamide", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Children": ["Chlorothiazide", "Diazoxide", "Metolazone", "Indapamide"]}
,{"Name": "Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome", "Effects": ["Sclerodactyly", "Ectopic calcification"], "Parents": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis"]}
,{"Name": "Viral infections of skin", "Parents": ["Infectious skin disease"], "Children": ["Molluscum contagiosum", "Rubella", "Chickenpox", "Variola virus", "Varicella zoster virus"]}
,{"Name": "Mainly motor neuropathy", "Causes": ["Poliovirus", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Lead poisoning", "Diphtheria", "Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome", "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy"], "Effects": ["Lower motor neurone lesion"], "Parents": ["Peripheral neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Neuropathic ulcer", "Synonyms": ["Trophic ulcer"], "Causes": ["Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome", "Glove and stocking sensory loss", "Loss of pinprick sensation"], "Parents": ["Leg ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["SSRI"], "Effects": ["High serotonin", "Bruxism", "Low testosterone", "Miscarriage", "Hyperthermia", "Anorexia", "Bezold Jarisch reflex"], "Parents": ["Antidepressant"], "Children": ["Fluoxetine", "Sertraline", "Paroxetine", "Citalopram"], "Treats": ["Irritable bowel syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Hand Foot and Mouth disease", "Parents": ["Childhood infections"]}
,{"Name": "Dextrocardia", "Causes": ["Kartagener syndrome", "Situs inversus"], "Effects": ["Absent apex beat"]}
,{"Name": "Haemolytic jaundice", "Synonyms": ["Acholuric", "Pre-hepatic"], "Causes": ["Haemolytic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Jaundice"], "Description": ["\"Pre hepatic jaundice\""]}
,{"Name": "Arthralgia", "Synonyms": ["Joint pain"], "Causes": ["Arthritis", "Haemarthrosis", "Cartilage tear", "Sprained ligaments", "Gout", "Haemochromatosis", "Whipple's disease", "Acromegaly", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Cryoglobulinaemia", "Caisson disease", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Farber disease", "Rat-bite fever", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever"], "Effects": ["Inability to walk"], "Parents": ["Pain"], "Children": ["Knee pain", "Polyarthralgia"]}
,{"Name": "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Causes": ["Malassezia furfur", "Parkinson's disease", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Cerebrovascular accident", "Emotional stress", "Chlorpromazine", "Cimetidine", "Haloperidol", "Lithium"], "Parents": ["Idiopathic skin disease"], "Treatments": ["Ketoconazole", "Coal tar", "Selenium", "Tacrolimus", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"inflammation of skin in areas rich in sebaceous glands. \nHence common onface", "scalp and chest.\n\nNothing to do with seborrhoea (oily skin).\n\n'dandruff'  = non-inflamed form of seborrhoeic dermatitis of  scalp\n\nSymptoms maybe aggravated by  drugs.\n\nCan be a manifestation of ANS dysfunction in PD.\nSeborrheic dermatitis is associated with  increased risk of PD.\n\nCause: ? Fungal ? Autoimmune\""]}
,{"Name": "Podofilox", "Treats": ["Human papilloma virus"]}
,{"Name": "Hepadnavirus", "Parents": ["Double-stranded DNA virus"], "Children": ["Hepatitis B"]}
,{"Name": "Aniridia", "Causes": ["WAGR syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Galantamine", "Synonyms": ["Reminyl"], "Parents": ["Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Lower pitch perception", "Causes": ["Carbamazepine"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"about 1 semitone\""]}
,{"Name": "Bulbar palsy", "Synonyms": ["Medullary palsy", "Medulla lesion", "Rhombencephalic lesion"], "Causes": ["Motor neurone disease", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Vertebrobasilar infarct", "Friedrich ataxia", "Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Syringobulbia", "Poliovirus", "Neurosyphilis", "Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis", "Behcet disease", "Kennedy disease"], "Effects": ["Aspiration pneumonia", "Dysphagia", "Oscillopsia", "Nystagmus", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Aspiration of gastric contents", "Drooling", "Nasal speech", "Dysarthria", "Wasting of tongue", "Tongue fasciculation", "Absent gag reflex", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy", "Central hypoventilation"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy"], "Description": ["\"Lower motor neurone lesion of X-XII\""]}
,{"Name": "Bladder calculus", "Synonyms": ["Bladder stone"], "Effects": ["Bladder outflow obstruction", "Urinary tract infection", "Haematuria", "Urinary urgency", "Chronic abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Urological disease"], "Treatments": ["Litholopaxy", "Cystolithotomy"], "Description": ["\"Due to urinary stasis \r\nUrinary infections increase  risk . \r\nForeign bodies (e.g. suture material) are a nidus for stone formation.\r\n\r\nNo recognised association with ureteric calculi.\r\nUsually not from the upper urinary tract \r\n\r\nMore common in elderly men \r\nIn Asia", "seen more commonly in children \r\n\r\nLong-standing bladder stones associated with squamous cell carcinoma \r\n\r\nTreatment:\r\n  - Transurethral Litholapaxy \r\n  - Suprapubic Cystolithotomy\""]}
,{"Name": "Viral infection", "Synonyms": ["Virus"], "Causes": ["Severe T-cell immunodeficiency"], "Effects": ["Childhood asthma"], "Parents": ["Infectious disease", "Inflammatory disease"], "Children": ["Single-stranded RNA virus", "Double-stranded RNA virus", "Double-stranded DNA virus", "Single-stranded DNA virus", "Hepatitis virus", "Small round-structured virus", "Ebola virus", "JC virus infection"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal fistula", "Causes": ["Crohn's disease", "Diverticulitis", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Abdominal surgery"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal pathology", "Gastrointestinal disease"], "Children": ["Enterocutaneous fitsula", "Enterocolic fistula", "Pancreaticoduodenal fistula", "Colo-vaginal fistula", "Urinary fistula", "Perianal fistula"]}
,{"Name": "Interscapular chest pain", "Causes": ["Aortic dissection"], "Parents": ["Chest pain"]}
,{"Name": "Back pain", "Causes": ["Intervertebral disc herniation", "Vertebral body fracture", "Prostate cancer", "Myeloma", "Carcinoma Body of Pancreas", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Uterine fibroid", "Trypanosoma brucei gambiense", "Brucellosis", "Spinal cord infarction", "Cervical spondylosis", "Spinal cord compression", "Scheuermann kyphosis", "Spondylosis"], "Parents": ["Pain"], "Treatments": ["Weight loss"]}
,{"Name": "Benzylpenicillin", "Synonyms": ["Penicillin G", "Benpen"], "Effects": ["Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction"], "Parents": ["Penicillin"], "Treats": ["Syphilis"]}
,{"Name": "Chondrodysplasia punctata", "Causes": ["Warfarin"], "Effects": ["Short stature"], "Parents": ["Congenital skeletal dysplasia"], "Description": ["\"A heterogenous group of skeletal dysplasias. \nCalcific stippling of cartilage and peri-articular soft tissues is often a common feature.\nvarious inheritance patterns depending on different types ranging from autosomal dominant to autosomal recessive to X linked dominant to X linked recessive\""]}
,{"Name": "Labyrinthitis", "Effects": ["Vertigo", "Dizziness"]}
,{"Name": "Tic borne meningoencephalitis", "Causes": ["Tic bite"], "Effects": ["Tic borne viral disease"]}
,{"Name": "Non-smoker", "Effects": ["Bronchioalveolar carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Hyporeflexia", "Synonyms": ["Areflexia", "Absent reflexes"], "Causes": ["Lower motor neurone lesion", "Motor conduction block", "Neuromuscular blockade", "Botulinum toxin", "Tabes dorsalis", "Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord", "Bromide", "Ganglionopathy", "Miller-Fisher syndrome", "Vitamin E deficiency", "Nerve root lesion"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Children": ["Delayed relaxation of ankle jerk"]}
,{"Name": "Aspergillus", "Parents": ["Fungal infection"], "Children": ["Aspergillus fumigatus", "Aspergillus niger", "Aspergillus clavatus", "Aspergillus flavus"]}
,{"Name": "TAR syndrome", "Causes": ["RBM8A gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Thrombocytopenia", "Absent radii"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"deletion of chromosome 1", "1q21.1", "\""]}
,{"Name": "Signet ring cell", "Causes": ["Krukenberg tumour"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "DMPK gene mutation", "Effects": ["Myotonic dystrophy"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 19q13.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Synonyms": ["SIADH", "Secretion of inappropriate ADH", "Excess arginine vasopressin", "Secretion of inappropriate AVP", "Inappropriate arginine vasopressin secretion", "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone"], "Causes": ["Bronchial carcinoma", "Mesothelioma", "Head injury", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Cerebrovascular accident", "Meningitis", "Pituitary adenoma", "Lung abscess", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Multiple sclerosis", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Mycoplasmal pneumonia", "Neuroendocrine tumour", "Chlorpropramide", "Clofibrate", "Cyclophosphamide", "Vincristine", "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Carbamazepine", "Thiazide", "Ecstasy", "Legionella", "Sick cell syndrome", "Emotional stress", "Extensive surgery", "Lymphoma", "Leukaemia", "Thymoma", "Porphyria"], "Effects": ["Hyponatraemia", "Endocrine fluid retention", "Increased vascular tone"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Treatments": ["Demeclocycline"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary fibrosis", "Synonyms": ["Lung fibrosis", "Fibrosing alveolitis"], "Causes": ["Interstitial pneumonitis", "Pulmonary sarcoidosis", "Goodpasture syndrome", "Anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibody"], "Effects": ["Fingernail clubbing", "Bronchiectasis", "Honeycomb lung", "Chronic hypoxia", "Fine inspiratory crepitations", "Reticulonodular shadowing", "Restrictive pulmonary disease", "Egophony"], "Parents": ["Fibrosis", "Parenchymal lung disease"], "Children": ["Apical lung fibrosis", "Basal lung fibrosis", "Unilateral lung fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Small bowel tumour", "Effects": ["Small bowel obstruction"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"], "Children": ["Carcinoid tumour", "Gastrointestinal lymphoma", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Cronkhite-Canada syndrome", "Adenocarcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Adenoma sebaceum", "Synonyms": ["Cheek angiofibroma"], "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Face lump"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic prostatitis", "Causes": ["Chlamydial veneral infection"], "Parents": ["Chronic bacterial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Petechial rash", "Synonyms": ["Petaechiae", "Pinpoint haemorrhage", "Petechial rash"], "Causes": ["Bleeding disorder", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Viral haemorrhagic shock", "Septicaemia"], "Parents": ["Purpura"], "Children": ["Mucocutaneous petaechiae", "Palatal petaechiae"]}
,{"Name": "Unilateral lung fibrosis", "Synonyms": ["Unilateral pulmonary fibrosis"], "Causes": ["Post-primary tuberculosis", "Chronic pulmonary infection"], "Effects": ["Deviated trachea"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Increased iron requirement", "Synonyms": ["Increased Fe demand"], "Causes": ["Infancy", "Pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Iron deficiency anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Invisibility on gram stain", "Synonyms": ["Bacteria invisible on gram stain"], "Causes": ["Mycoplasmal infection", "Legionella", "Chlamydial infection", "Mycobacterial infection", "Rickettsia", "Treponemal infection"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma in situ of bladder", "Synonyms": ["Bladder CIS"], "Parents": ["Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder"], "Treatments": ["Intravesical Mitomycin", "Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin"], "Description": ["\"Endoscopic surgery not effective for CIS", "because the disease is:\r\na) so diffuse \r\nb) difficult to visualize .\r\n\r\nIntravesical BCG instillations required.\r\n\r\nPatients with CIS are at significant risk of cancer progression..\r\n\r\nCystectomy does not appear to offer a survival advantage. \r\n\r\nBCG Results:\r\n70% of patients have an initial response to BCG . \r\n75% of patients who initially have a complete response remain disease free for 5 years. \r\nAt 10 years", "30% of patients  are disease free\""]}
,{"Name": "Muscle weakness", "Causes": ["Myopathy", "Lower motor neurone lesion", "Spastic paralysis", "Hypokalaemia", "Hypophosphataemia", "Neuromuscular blockade", "Hyperaldosteronism", "Brucellosis", "Addison disease", "Low testosterone", "Vitamin E deficiency", "Corticosteroid", "McLeod syndrome"], "Effects": ["Inability to walk", "Dysphagia", "Dysphonia", "Muscle wasting"], "Parents": ["Paresis"], "Children": ["Palatal weakness", "Weakness of hip abduction", "Weakness of plantar flexion", "Weakness of finger flexion", "Pelvic floor weakness"]}
,{"Name": "Dentures", "Causes": ["Old age"], "Effects": ["Perleche"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Dental abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-snRNP", "Synonyms": ["Anti-RNP", "Anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein"], "Effects": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Trousseau sign", "Synonyms": ["Accoucher's hand", "main d'accoucher", "Trousseau sign of latent tetany"], "Causes": ["Tetany"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Description": ["\"Hypoxia of hand (inflating manometer cuff above\n systolic BP) for 3 minutes causes wrist and finger spasm - Accoucher's hand\""]}
,{"Name": "Dent syndrome", "Causes": ["CLCN5 gene mutation", "OCRL gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Proteinuria", "Hypercalciuria", "Renal calculi", "Nephrocalcinosis", "Chronic renal failure"], "Parents": ["X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"X linked nephrolithiasis\""]}
,{"Name": "Carbon monoxide toxicity", "Synonyms": ["Carboxyhaemoglobinaemia", "Raised carboxyhaemoglobin"], "Causes": ["Carbon monoxide", "Cigarette smoking"], "Effects": ["Coma", "Parkinsonism", "Decreased KCO", "Toxic encephalopathy", "Hypoxic encephalopathy", "Hypoxic brain injury"], "Parents": ["Drug toxicity"], "Treatments": ["Hyperbaric oxygen therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Left atrial thrombosis", "Synonyms": ["Left atrial thrombi"], "Causes": ["Left atrial hypertrophy", "Atrial fibrillation", "Atrial myxoma"], "Effects": ["Arterial thrombosis", "Systemic thromboembolisation"], "Parents": ["Thrombosis"], "Treatments": ["Warfarin"]}
,{"Name": "Silicosis", "Causes": ["Inhalation of silica"], "Effects": ["Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy", "Non-caseating granuloma"], "Parents": ["Pneumoconiosis"]}
,{"Name": "Air travel", "Effects": ["Specific phobia"]}
,{"Name": "Growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion", "Causes": ["Neuroendocrine tumour"], "Effects": ["Acromegaly", "Gigantism"]}
,{"Name": "Loss of temperature sensation", "Synonyms": ["Temperature sensation deficit", "Loss of hot and cold sensation"], "Causes": ["Spinothalamic tract lesion"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Intertrochanteric fracture", "Effects": ["Non-union"]}
,{"Name": "Palm and sole desquamation", "Synonyms": ["Peeling of palm and sole"], "Causes": ["Kawasaki disease", "Toxic shock syndrome", "Scarlet fever", "Mercury"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Downbeat nystagmus", "Causes": ["Arnold-Chiari malformation"], "Parents": ["Nystagmus"]}
,{"Name": "Plasmodium ovale", "Parents": ["Malaria"]}
,{"Name": "Diphenhydramine", "Synonyms": ["Benadryl"], "Parents": ["Sedative drug", "H1-antagonist", "Antiemetic", "Local anaesthetic"]}
,{"Name": "Rose thorn ulcer", "Synonyms": ["Rose-thorn ulcer"], "Causes": ["Crohn's disease"], "Parents": ["Barium sign"]}
,{"Name": "Gerstmann-Straeussler syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease"], "Parents": ["Prion disease"], "Description": ["\"Congenital predisposition to prion protein degeneration\""]}
,{"Name": "Atelectasis", "Synonyms": ["Lobar collapse", "Collapsed lung"], "Causes": ["Blocked bronchus"], "Effects": ["Low intrapleural pressure", "Decreased breath sounds", "Deviated trachea", "Decreased resonance"]}
,{"Name": "Small bowel polyp", "Causes": ["Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome"], "Effects": ["Chronic blood loss"], "Parents": ["Polyp"]}
,{"Name": "Inclusion body myositis", "Synonyms": ["IBM"], "Effects": ["Myositis", "Weakness of finger flexion"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Description": ["\"Possibly autoimmune\nNo effective treatment\""]}
,{"Name": "High arched palate", "Synonyms": ["High-arched palate", "Arched palate", "Gothic palate"], "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome", "Friedrich ataxia", "Noonan syndrome", "Turner syndrome", "Fragile X syndrome", "X-linked tubular myopathy"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign", "Head and neck malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Zoonosis", "Parents": ["Infectious disease"], "Children": ["Anthrax", "Bovine tuberculosis", "Brucellosis", "Bubonic plague", "Chlamydis psittaci infection", "Campylobacter jejuni", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Cat scratch fever", "Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "Echinococcosis", "Helminth", "Leishmania donovani", "Leptospira infection", "Listerosis", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Malaria", "Orf", "Psittacosis", "Rabies", "Rat-bite fever", "Schistosomiasis", "Tic-borne disease", "Toxoplasmosis", "Trichinellosis", "West Nile fever", "Yellow fever"], "Treatments": ["Azithromycin"], "Description": ["\"Diseases that can travel from animals to humans.\""]}
,{"Name": "Primary headache disorder", "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Children": ["Migraine", "Tension headache", "Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia", "Hemicrania continua"]}
,{"Name": "Farming", "Synonyms": ["Farmer"], "Effects": ["Histoplasma capsulatum", "Farmer's lung", "Inhalation anthrax"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Helminth", "Synonyms": ["Worm", "Helminthic infection"], "Effects": ["Eosinophilia"], "Parents": ["Parasitic infection", "Zoonosis"], "Children": ["Nematode", "Trematode", "Cestode"]}
,{"Name": "Chemokine", "Causes": ["Nuclear factor kB"]}
,{"Name": "Homan sign", "Causes": ["Deep vein thrombosis"], "Description": ["\"Tender on dorsiflexion of foot\""]}
,{"Name": "Follicular cyst", "Parents": ["Ovarian cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Intrinsic muscles of hand weakness", "Causes": ["Ulnar nerve palsy", "T1 root lesion"], "Parents": ["Lower motor neurone lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Ataxia telangiectasia", "Synonyms": ["Louis-Bar syndrome"], "Causes": ["ATM gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Lymphopaenia", "Defective B-cell function", "Telangiectasia", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Spinocerebellar ataxia"]}
,{"Name": "Dysmenorrhoea", "Synonyms": ["Painful period", "Severe period pain"], "Causes": ["Endometriosis", "Irritable bowel syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom", "Abdominal pain"]}
,{"Name": "Liver biopsy", "Synonyms": ["Liver histology", "Hepatic histopathology"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Children": ["Hepatic haemosiderosis", "High liver copper", "Periportal granuloma", "Periportal fibrosis", "Piecemeal necrosis", "Plasmacytoid cell", "Dutcher cell", "Nutmeg liver", "Black liver"]}
,{"Name": "Pink puffer", "Causes": ["Emphysema"], "Effects": ["Breathlessness"], "Parents": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"]}
,{"Name": "Appetite suppressant", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Fenfluramine"]}
,{"Name": "Drug-induced lupus", "Synonyms": ["Drug induced lupus", "DIL"], "Causes": ["Procainamide", "Hydralazine", "Methyldopa", "Isoniazid", "Quinidine", "Chlorpromazine", "Salazopyrin", "Minocycline"], "Effects": ["Serositis", "Antinuclear antibody", "Migratory polyarthritis"], "Parents": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus"]}
,{"Name": "Aspiration pneumonia", "Causes": ["Aspiration of gastric contents", "Near drowning", "Oesophageal stenosis", "Bulbar palsy", "Pseudobulbar palsy", "General anaesthetic", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary microvascular injury"], "Parents": ["Pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoparathyroidism", "Causes": ["Neck surgery", "Type I polyglandular syndrome", "DiGeorge syndrome", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Velocardiofacial syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hypocalcaemia", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Oral candidiasis", "High plasma urate", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Acquired cataract", "Low parathormone"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Treatments": ["Calcium", "Vitamin D"], "Description": ["\"Autoimmune  destruction is the most common non-surgical cause\n(Polyglandular syndrome)\n\nPREVENTION\nAt parathyroidectomy", "autotransplant parathyroid subcutaneously in  forearm.\n\n\nTREATMENT:\nCalcium\nVitamin D\""]}
,{"Name": "Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Synonyms": ["SVC obstruction", "Superior vena caval syndrome"], "Causes": ["Local infiltration of lung cancer", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Lymphoma", "Multinodular goitre"], "Effects": ["Neck distension", "Raised jugular venous pressure", "Chemosis", "Pulmonary oedema", "Swelling of arm", "Plethoric face", "Rib notching"], "Parents": ["Obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Renal osteodystrophy", "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure", "Hyperphosphataemia", "High aluminium"], "Effects": ["Looser's zone"], "Description": ["\"Low calcium\nImpaired vitamin D metabolism in kidney\nRaised aluminium\""]}
,{"Name": "Panda sign", "Synonyms": ["Midbrain giant panda appearance"], "Causes": ["Wilson's disease"], "Parents": ["Brain MRI sign"], "Description": ["\"Face of a giant panda in the axial midbrain slice on T2\""]}
,{"Name": "Opportunistic gut infection", "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Effects": ["Infective gastroenteritis"], "Parents": ["Opportunistic infection"], "Children": ["Oesophageal candidiasis", "Cytomegalovirus", "Herpes simplex virus", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Mycobacterium avium intracellulare", "Cyclospora", "Isospora belli infection"]}
,{"Name": "EMD gene mutation", "Effects": ["Emery-Dreyfuss muscular dystrophy"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq28\""]}
,{"Name": "Rhesus disease", "Effects": ["Placental hydrops"]}
,{"Name": "Topiramate", "Synonyms": ["Fructopyranose sulphamate", "Topamax"], "Effects": ["Paraesthesia", "Mental slowing", "Anorexia", "Renal calculi"], "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug", "Mood stabiliser", "Anti-migraine drug", "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Migraine"], "Description": ["\"Used in:\n -Epilepsy\n-Alcoholism\n-Obesity\n-Cocaine addiciton\""]}
,{"Name": "Infliximab", "Synonyms": ["Anti-TNF antibody", "Anti-TNF alpha antibody", "Antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Anti-TNFa", "Antibody to TNF-?"], "Parents": ["Monoclonal antibody"], "Treats": ["Rheumatoid arthritis", "Crohn's disease", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Alopecia areata", "Ulcerative colitis"], "Description": ["\"Used in Rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease\nInhibits TNF-alpha\""]}
,{"Name": "Onychogryphosis", "Synonyms": ["Gross nail thickening", "Nail hypertrophy"], "Causes": ["Nail trauma", "Psoriasis", "Onychomycosis"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Palatal weakness", "Causes": ["Diphtheric neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Muscle weakness"]}
,{"Name": "Foerster choroiditis", "Synonyms": ["F\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrster's choroiditis", "Areolar central choroiditis", "Areolar choroiditis"], "Causes": ["Neurosyphilis"], "Effects": ["Uveitis"]}
,{"Name": "Meralgia paraesthetica", "Synonyms": ["Compression of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh"], "Causes": ["Tight underwear", "Obesity"], "Parents": ["Entrapment neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Vasovagal reflex", "Synonyms": ["Excessive vagal tone"], "Causes": ["Emotional stress", "Pain", "Carotid sinus hypersensitivity", "Paroxysmal coughing", "Sudden standing up", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Antihypertensive drug", "Multiple system atrophy", "Vertigo"], "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Pallor", "Sweating", "Sudden fall in blood pressure", "First degree atrioventricular block", "Mobitz type I heart block"]}
,{"Name": "Weakness of hip abduction", "Causes": ["S1 root lesion"], "Effects": ["Trendelenberg gait"], "Parents": ["Muscle weakness"]}
,{"Name": "Migraine", "Causes": ["Menstrual cycle", "Wine", "Cheese", "Alcohol", "Mitral valve prolapse", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Mitochondrial myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes", "Hunger", "Emotional stress", "Cold weather", "Excessive sleep", "Warm weather", "Female gender", "Cerebral autosomal dominant angiopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy", "Familial hemiplegic migraine"], "Effects": ["Acute headache", "Aura", "Nausea and vomiting", "Photophobia", "Delayed gastric emptying", "Fortification spectra", "Phonophobia", "Osmophobia", "Motion sickness", "Hangover", "Cerebral infarction", "Organic hallucinosis", "Thunderclap headache"], "Parents": ["Primary headache disorder"], "Treatments": ["Topiramate", "Anti-migraine drug", "Ergot alkaloid", "Caffeine"], "Description": ["\"Prevalence 7%\n10% may have trigeminal symptoms also\""]}
,{"Name": "Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Synonyms": ["Hyperchylomicronaemia", "Chylomicronaemia syndrome", "Polygenic hypertriglyceridaemia", "Buerger-Gruetz syndrome"], "Causes": ["Apolipoprotein C2", "Lipoprotein lipase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Eruptive xanthoma", "Lipaemia retinalis", "Retinal vein occlusion", "Acute pancreatitis", "Steatosis", "Abdominal colic", "Hepatomegaly", "Splenomegaly", "Elevated very low density lipoprotein"], "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia"], "Description": ["\"Rare 0.1% prevalence\nPresents in childhood\nNo increased risk of heart disease\nRx medium chain fats\""]}
,{"Name": "Chloral hydrate", "Parents": ["Drugs that increase effect of warfarin"]}
,{"Name": "Tinea versicolor", "Synonyms": ["Pityriasis"], "Parents": ["Fungal infections of skin"], "Description": ["\"infection by yeast called Malassezia\""]}
,{"Name": "Atovaquone", "Synonyms": ["Mepron"], "Parents": ["Antimalarial drug"], "Treats": ["Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Toxoplasmosis", "Malaria"]}
,{"Name": "Podocyte fusion", "Synonyms": ["Podocyte effacement"], "Causes": ["Minimal change glomerulonephritis"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Naproxen", "Parents": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Anti-migraine drug"]}
,{"Name": "Neuritis", "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"], "Children": ["Optic neuritis", "Mononeuritis multiplex"]}
,{"Name": "Gaucher disease", "Synonyms": ["Gaucher syndrome", "Glucocerebrosidase deficiency", "Beta-glucocerebrosidase deficiency", "b-glucocerebrosidase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Splenomegaly", "Hepatomegaly", "Abnormal white cell enzyme", "Pinguecula"], "Parents": ["Sphingolipidosis"], "Description": ["\"deficiency of enzyme glucocerebrosidase\nresults in accumulation of lipids (glucocerebroside) in bone marrow", "spleen and liver\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Synonyms": ["SLE"], "Causes": ["Anti-dsDNA antibody", "Anti-Smith antibody", "Antinuclear antibody", "Anti-snRNP", "HLA-B27", "Hydralazine", "Procainamide", "Penicillamine", "Antihistone antibody", "Anti-Ro antibody", "Anti-La antibody", "HLA-DR3", "C1R deficiency", "African origin", "Female gender"], "Effects": ["Butterfly rash", "Photosensitivity", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Lupus nephropathy", "Warm antibody haemolysis", "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Migratory polyarthritis", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Antiplatelet antibody", "Increased neutrophil destruction", "Pancytopaenia", "Discoid lupus erythematosus", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Noninfective meningitis", "Mitral valve prolapse", "Libmann-Sachs endocarditis", "Miscarriage", "Shrinking lung", "Type III cryoglobulinaemia", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Erythema multiforme", "Acquired complement deficiency", "Livedo reticularis", "Acute pancreatitis", "Basal lung fibrosis", "Aphthous ulcer", "Autoimmune conjunctivitis", "Scleritis", "Serositis", "Monospot test positive", "Cerebral vasculitis", "Mitral stenosis", "Aortic stenosis", "Avascular necrosis", "Insulin autoantibodies", "Roth spots", "Optic neuritis"], "Parents": ["Collagen vascular disease"], "Children": ["Drug-induced lupus"], "Description": ["\"60% have dsDNA\n40% have anti-Sm\n20% have Anti-Ro and La\n50% have Raynaud phenomenon\n40% have Antiphospholipid syndrome\""]}
,{"Name": "TREX-1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Aicardi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Broad-based gait", "Synonyms": ["Ataxic gait", "Wide-based gait"], "Causes": ["Cerebellar ataxia", "Sensory ataxia", "Rett syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gait"]}
,{"Name": "Leontiasis ossea", "Causes": ["Paget disease", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia", "Craniosynostosis", "Paranasal sinus tumour"], "Effects": ["Leonine facies", "Macrognathia"]}
,{"Name": "Scissoring", "Causes": ["Cerebral palsy", "Edward's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Paediatric sign"]}
,{"Name": "Fourth heart sound", "Synonyms": ["4th heart sound", "HS IV", "S4"], "Causes": ["Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Aortic stenosis"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pancreatic insufficiency", "Causes": ["Thick mucus", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Acute pancreatitis"], "Effects": ["Vitamin B12 malabsorption", "Insufficient digestive enzymes", "Type I diabetes mellitus", "Diarrhoea", "Low stool trypsin"]}
,{"Name": "Sequestrum", "Causes": ["Acute Osteomyelitis"]}
,{"Name": "Haemophilus ducreyi", "Effects": ["Chancroid"], "Parents": ["Haemophilus"]}
,{"Name": "Fetal macrosomia", "Synonyms": ["Large for gestational age", "LGA"], "Causes": ["Gestational diabetes", "Overdue pregnancy", "Obesity", "Older maternal age", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Sotos syndrome", "Weaver syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dystocia", "Clavicle Fracture", "Brachial plexus lesion", "Cephalopelvic disproportion", "Shoulder dystocia"], "Description": ["\"> 9lb 4oz\n\nManagement\n 1. No evidence that routine prophylactic cesarean is beneficial.\n     Cesarean reduces birth trauma", "but does not eliminate risk.\n 2. Arrest of descent in  second stage = indication for cesarean .\n 3. Induction of labor does not improve maternal or fetal outcomes.\""]}
,{"Name": "Thought block", "Parents": ["Disconnected thought"]}
,{"Name": "Tearfulness", "Synonyms": ["Tendency to cry", "Weepiness", "Crying"], "Causes": ["Depression", "Emotional lability"], "Effects": ["Epiphora", "Narcolepsy"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric sign"]}
,{"Name": "Troisier's sign", "Synonyms": ["Enlarged Virchow's node", "Troisier's sign"], "Causes": ["Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Norwalk agent", "Causes": ["Oyster"], "Effects": ["Subtotal villous atrophy", "Viral gastroenteritis"]}
,{"Name": "High plasma urea", "Synonyms": ["Elevated plasma urea"], "Causes": ["Gastrointestinal haemorrhage", "Epistaxis"], "Parents": ["Uraemia"]}
,{"Name": "Calcified intervertebral disc", "Synonyms": ["Calcification of intervertebral disc"], "Causes": ["Alkaptonuria", "Osteoarthritis"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Dexamethasone suppression test", "Parents": ["Blood investigation"], "Children": ["Dexamethasone suppression fails", "High dexamethasone suppression succeeds"]}
,{"Name": "Laryngeal nodule", "Synonyms": ["Vocal cord nodule"], "Causes": ["Female gender", "Shouting"], "Effects": ["Vocal breaks", "Reduced vocal range", "Hoarse voice"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat neoplasm"], "Treatments": ["Speech therapy"], "Description": ["\"Symmetrical swellings on both sides of the vocal cords.\nImpair one's speaking and singing ability.\nAdverse for singers", "actors", "litigation lawyers", "broadcasters.\""]}
,{"Name": "Drug induced skin disease", "Parents": ["Dermatological disease"], "Children": ["Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Toxic epidermal necrolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Miliary tuberculosis", "Synonyms": ["Miliary TB"], "Causes": ["Tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Hepatomegaly", "Choroidal tubercles", "Miliary shadowing of lung", "Splenic response to infection", "Diffuse pulmonary infection", "Tuberculous osteomyelitis", "Bacterial meningitis", "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Pancytopaenia", "Bazin disease", "Chronic constrictive pericarditis", "Pericarditis", "Panhypopituitarism", "Urinary tract tuberculosis", "Lupus vulgaris", "Bacterial lymphocytic meningitis", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Ascitic lymphocytosis", "Liver granuloma", "Ascites"], "Description": ["\"acute diffuse dissemination in the bloodstream\nuniversally fatal without treatment\""]}
,{"Name": "Tuberculous osteomyelitis", "Causes": ["Miliary tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Potts disease of the spine", "Chronic osteomyelitis"]}
,{"Name": "Wide QRS complex", "Causes": ["Hyperkalaemia"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Green birefringence under Congo red", "Causes": ["Renal amyloidosis"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Benign prostatic hypertrophy", "Synonyms": ["BPH", "Enlarged prostate"], "Effects": ["Prostatic enlargement", "Bladder outflow obstruction", "Haematuria", "Raised prostate specific antigen"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary pathology", "Urological disease"], "Treatments": ["Alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker", "Finasteride", "Trans-urethral resection of prostate", "Urinary catheter"]}
,{"Name": "Dravet syndrome", "Causes": ["SCN1A mutation"], "Effects": ["Cerebellar ataxia", "Sleep disorder", "Mental retardation"], "Parents": ["Primary generalised epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Increased H ion intake", "Causes": ["Acid ingestion", "Salicylate poisoning", "Methanol", "Ethylene glycol", "Total parenteral nutrition"], "Effects": ["Metabolic acidosis", "Negative anion gap"]}
,{"Name": "Sialolithiasis", "Synonyms": ["Salivary stone"], "Effects": ["Unilateral parotid swelling", "Neck swelling", "Face lump"]}
,{"Name": "Spade hands", "Synonyms": ["Spade-like hands"], "Causes": ["Acromegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Cholesterol embolus", "Synonyms": ["Renal cholesterol embolus syndrome", "Cholesterol emboli", "Atherosclerotic microemboli"], "Causes": ["Angiographic procedure"], "Effects": ["Renal emboli", "Eosinophilia", "Livedo reticularis", "Peripheral infarct", "Retinal cholesterol embolus", "Acute kidney injury", "Acquired complement deficiency"], "Parents": ["Arterial embolus"], "Description": ["\"Prevalence 17% in patients over 60.\""]}
,{"Name": "Urinary incontinence", "Causes": ["Normal vaginal delivery", "Normal pressure hydrocephalus", "Neurogenic bladder", "Female gender", "Urethral sphincter dysfunction"], "Parents": ["Incontinence", "Urological disease", "Lower urinary tract symptom"], "Children": ["Urge incontinence", "Stress incontinence", "Overflow incontinence"]}
,{"Name": "Triplet repeat disease", "Synonyms": ["Codon repeat disease", "Expanded trinucleotide repeat sequence disease"], "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Children": ["Huntington disease", "Myotonic dystrophy", "Friedrich ataxia", "Fragile X syndrome", "Spinocerebellar ataxia", "Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy", "Kennedy disease"], "Description": ["\"Exhibit anticipation\nTrinucleotide repeat disorders \""]}
,{"Name": "Third heart sound", "Synonyms": ["HS III", "3rd heart sound", "S3", "Gallop rhythm"], "Causes": ["Mitral regurgitation", "Right ventricular failure", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Aortic regurgitation", "Ventricular septal defect", "Patent ductus arteriosus"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"], "Description": ["\"Early diastolic sound", "caused by sudden backflow\""]}
,{"Name": "Aspartylglucosaminuria", "Synonyms": ["AGU", "Aspartate-linked glycoprotein accumulation", "AGA mutation", "Glycosylasparaginase mutation", "Asn-GlcNAc accumulation"], "Effects": ["Congenital skeletal dysplasia", "Early onset dementia", "Dysmorphic facies"], "Parents": ["Lysosomal storage disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis", "Synonyms": ["CFA"], "Effects": ["Basal lung fibrosis", "Neutrophilic bronchoalveolar lavage"], "Description": ["\"5-year survival 50%\""]}
,{"Name": "Laryngospasm", "Causes": ["General anaesthetic"], "Effects": ["Upper airway obstruction", "Pulmonary oedema"]}
,{"Name": "Spike appearance of glomerular basement membrane", "Synonyms": ["Spike and dome appearance of basement membrane"], "Causes": ["Membranous glomerulonephritis"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Mycobacterium scrofulaceum", "Parents": ["Mycobacterial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Coarse skin", "Causes": ["Acromegaly", "Pachydermoperiostosis", "Toad-like facies", "Menke syndrome"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Malignant catatonia", "Causes": ["Organic catatonic disorder"]}
,{"Name": "High pitched cry", "Causes": ["Kernicterus"]}
,{"Name": "Neglect syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Spatial inattention", "Hemispatial neglect", "Left hemineglect"], "Causes": ["Parietal lobe lesion"], "Effects": ["Lack of insight", "Extinction"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Amyloid light chain", "Synonyms": ["AL amyloidosis", "Primary systemic amyloidosis"], "Causes": ["Myeloma", "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia", "Secondary amyloidosis"], "Effects": ["Autonomic neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Systemic amyloidosis"], "Description": ["\"Spontaneous or associated with myeloma.\nProminent autonomic features\nSurvival ~3 years\""]}
,{"Name": "Primary pulmonary hypertension", "Parents": ["Pulmonary hypertension"], "Treatments": ["Nifedipine", "Diltiazem", "Prostacyclin", "Sildenafil"], "Description": ["\"Young females. Rare\""]}
,{"Name": "Diarrhoea", "Synonyms": ["Loose stool"], "Causes": ["Infective gastroenteritis", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Decreased transit time", "Lactose intolerance", "Bowel irritation by drug", "Antibiotic altering bowel flora", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Coeliac disease", "Tropical sprue", "Malabsorption state", "Irradiation", "Pancreatic insufficiency", "Ileocaecal carcinoma", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Carcinoid tumour", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Whipple's disease", "Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome", "Uraemia", "Katayama fever", "Behcet disease", "Intestinal anthrax", "Zinc deficiency", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Digoxin toxicity"], "Effects": ["Gut electrolyte loss", "Bicarbonate loss", "Hyperchloraemic acidosis", "Iron malabsorption", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Malabsorption state", "Bloody diarrhoea"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom", "Faeces sign"], "Children": ["Watery diarrhoea", "Bloody diarrhoea", "Overflow diarrhoea"], "Treatments": ["Loperamide"]}
,{"Name": "Cytarabine", "Parents": ["Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Post menopause", "Effects": ["Hot flush", "Sweating", "Insomnia", "Weight gain", "Osteoporosis", "Atrophic vaginitis", "Stress incontinence", "Night sweats", "Chronic headache", "Anovulatory cycle", "Emotional lability"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological disease"], "Treatments": ["Oestradiol"], "Description": ["\"Oestrogen replacement  :\norally  \ntransdermal\nvaginal route\n\nOral estrogens associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolism.\nTransdermal estrogens may be safe in this respect.\n\nContraindications for estrogen therapy: \n  -history of venous thrombosis \n  -personal history of breast cancer. \n\nOsteoporosis prophylaxis:\n  -Bisphosphonates \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\n  -Calcium\n  -Vitamin D\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Delta wave", "Causes": ["Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Description": ["\"Slurred beginning of R-wave\""]}
,{"Name": "Titubation", "Causes": ["Benign essential tremor"]}
,{"Name": "Thyroidectomy", "Synonyms": ["Thyroid surgery"], "Effects": ["Hypothyroidism", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury"], "Parents": ["Neck surgery"], "Children": ["Hemithyroidectomy", "Subtotal thyroidectomy", "Total thyroidectomy", "Partial Throidectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Pleural effusion", "Effects": ["Pleuritic chest pain", "Stony dull to percussion", "Decreased breath sounds", "Deviated trachea", "Restrictive pulmonary disease", "Egophony"], "Parents": ["Pleural pathology", "Chest X-ray sign"], "Children": ["Exudate pleural effusion", "Transudate pleural effusion", "Left sided pleural effusion", "Chylothorax", "Haemothorax", "Bloody pleural effusion", "Malignant pleural effusion"]}
,{"Name": "Subtotal colectomy", "Parents": ["Bowel surgery"], "Treats": ["Crohn's disease"]}
,{"Name": "Insulin autoantibodies", "Causes": ["Graves disease", "Rheumatoid disease", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Myeloma", "Hydralazine", "Procainamide"], "Effects": ["Hypoglycaemia"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Ethnic origin", "Synonyms": ["Ethnicity", "Geographic origin", "Country of origin", "Racial origin", "Race"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Caucasian", "Hispanic origin", "Scandinavian descent", "African origin", "Asian origin", "Mediterranean origin", "Indian origin", "Ashkenazi Jew"]}
,{"Name": "Endarterectomy", "Parents": ["Vascular surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Weil disease", "Synonyms": ["Leptospira interrogans", "Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae"], "Causes": ["Hamster"], "Effects": ["Hepatocellular jaundice", "Uveitis", "Hepatomegaly", "Splenomegaly", "Haemoptysis", "Haematuria", "Renal failure", "Infective conjunctivitis"], "Parents": ["Leptospira infection"], "Description": ["\"Usually self-limiting. \nMost cases recover  within two to six weeks.\nMortality rate of 5-10%\nTwo to three people in England die every year from leptospirosis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypopigmented macules", "Synonyms": ["Depigmented macules"], "Causes": ["Leprosy"], "Parents": ["Hypopigmented skin"], "Children": ["Ash leaf macule"]}
,{"Name": "Sport injury", "Effects": ["Mallet finger"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Arterial occlusion", "Causes": ["Arterial thrombosis", "Arterial embolus"], "Effects": ["Ischaemia"], "Children": ["Aortic occlusive disease", "Anterior spinal artery occlusion"]}
,{"Name": "Twin-to-twin transfusion", "Synonyms": ["Twin-twin transfusion", "Feto-fetal transfusion syndrome"], "Causes": ["Incomplete separation"]}
,{"Name": "Drink", "Parents": ["Substance"], "Children": ["Alcohol", "Oral water", "Tea", "Coffee"]}
,{"Name": "Anterior scalloping", "Causes": ["Abdominal aortic aneurysm", "Down syndrome"], "Parents": ["Vertebral scalloping"]}
,{"Name": "Left-shift of neutrophils", "Synonyms": ["Neutrophil left shift"], "Causes": ["Leukoerythroblastosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\"Three or less segments in the nucleus\""]}
,{"Name": "Von Gierke disease", "Synonyms": ["Von Gierke's disease", "Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency", "Glycogen storage disorder type I", "GSD I"], "Effects": ["Hypoglycaemia", "Ketosis", "Global developmental delay", "Hepatomegaly", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "High plasma urate", "Hereditary Fanconi syndrome", "Hereditary lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Glycogen storage disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Central line", "Synonyms": ["Central venous catheter insertion"], "Causes": ["Total parenteral nutrition"], "Effects": ["Pneumothorax", "Haemothorax", "Gram positive sepsis", "Horner syndrome", "Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Thromboembolism", "Infective endocarditis", "Air embolus"], "Parents": ["Procedure"]}
,{"Name": "Alcohol withdrawal", "Effects": ["Zieve syndrome", "Delirium"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Treats": ["Alcoholism"]}
,{"Name": "Nurse cells", "Causes": ["Trichinellosis"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Description": ["\"An infected cell in the disease trichinosis. \nTrichinella larva enters a cell and develops there. \nIt stimulates blood vessel development around the cell", "in order to receive the nutrients it needs. \nIn trichinosis", "nurse cells are skeletal muscle cells; these are the only type of cell that can support the parasite.\""]}
,{"Name": "Vascular injury", "Causes": ["Long bone fracture", "Soft tissue injury"]}
,{"Name": "Dinner fork deformity", "Causes": ["Colles fracture"], "Description": ["\"-Dorsal displacement of head of radius\n-Dorsal angulation\n-Radial deviation\n-Proximal impaction\n-Supination\""]}
,{"Name": "Leber's optic atrophy", "Synonyms": ["Leber hereditary optic atrophy", "LHON", "Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy"], "Effects": ["Optic atrophy", "Bilateral visual failure"], "Parents": ["Mitochondrial chromosome disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-measles antibody", "Synonyms": ["Antimeasles antibody"], "Causes": ["Measles"], "Effects": ["Chronic active hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Neuroendocrine tumour", "Effects": ["Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Corticotropin releasing factor secretion", "Growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion", "Somatostatin secretion", "Calcitonin"], "Parents": ["Tumour"], "Children": ["Carcinoid tumour", "Small cell carcinoma of lung"]}
,{"Name": "Ventricular fibrillation", "Synonyms": ["VF"], "Causes": ["Ventricular tachycardia"], "Effects": ["Shock", "Sudden death"], "Parents": ["Cardiac arrest", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Treatments": ["Defibrillation"]}
,{"Name": "Ruptured ventricular aneurysm", "Causes": ["Ventricular aneurysm"], "Effects": ["Haemopericardium"], "Parents": ["Aneurysmal rupture"]}
,{"Name": "Methylene blue", "Effects": ["Blue nail"], "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Treats": ["Methaemoglobinaemia", "Septicaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Pancreatic enzyme", "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"], "Treats": ["Chronic pancreatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Sotalol", "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Class III antiarrhythmic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Sternocleidomastoid tumour", "Causes": ["Neck muscle strain"], "Effects": ["Neck swelling"]}
,{"Name": "Familial dilated cardiomyopathy", "Causes": ["Sarcomeric mutation", "Haemochromatosis", "Marfan syndrome", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "Myotonic dystrophy", "Glycogen storage disorder type II", "McLeod syndrome"], "Parents": ["Nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Sprained ligaments", "Effects": ["Foot pain", "Arthralgia"]}
,{"Name": "Deep dyslexia", "Causes": ["Progressive nonfluent aphasia"], "Parents": ["Alexia"]}
,{"Name": "Nystatin", "Synonyms": ["Fungicidin"], "Parents": ["Anti-fungal agent"], "Treats": ["Oral candidiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Beevor's sign", "Synonyms": ["Weakness of lower abdominal muscles", "Lower rectus abdominis weakness"], "Causes": ["Spinal trauma", "Motor neurone disease"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"Spinal cord injury between T10 and T12 levels.\nUpper part of  Rectus abdominis  is intact but the lower part is weak. \nAsk patient to raise his head as he lies supine on bed- \nonly the upper part of the muscle contracts pulling the umbilicus toward the head. \nThe sign has also been observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Subdural haematoma", "Synonyms": ["Subdural haemorrhage", "SDH"], "Causes": ["Dural venous sinus tear", "Head injury", "Fall in elderly"], "Effects": ["Acute headache", "Chronic headache", "Fluctuating conscious level", "Dysarthria", "Ataxia", "Delirium", "Clot crossing suture lines", "Sickle shaped haematoma"], "Parents": ["Intracranial bleed", "Haematoma"], "Children": ["Chronic subdural haematoma"], "Treatments": ["Crainiotomy"], "Description": ["\"Higher mortality rate than extradurals  = 70%\nThe force (acceleration/deceleration) required to cause them", "causes other severe injuries as well.\n\nChronic subdurals lesser mortality\n\nOlder ages: brain shrinkage = potential space below dura.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Tabes dorsalis", "Synonyms": ["Taboparesis"], "Causes": ["Neurosyphilis"], "Effects": ["Dorsal column lesion", "Shooting pains", "Charcot joints", "Mixed motor weakness", "Hyporeflexia", "Corticospinal tract lesion", "Loss of deep pain sensation"], "Description": ["\"Numb legs", "chest", "bridge of nose.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Squamous cell skin cancer", "Synonyms": ["SCC skin cancer", "Squamous cell carcinoma of skin"], "Causes": ["Fair skin", "Outdoor occupation", "Actinic Keratoses", "Leukoplakia", "Bowen disease", "Marjolin ulcer", "Xeroderma pigmentosa", "Albinism", "Immunosuppression", "Kidney transplant", "Lupus vulgaris", "Erythema ab igne"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of skin", "Squamous cell tumour"], "Treatments": ["Radiotherapy"], "Description": ["\"CLINICAL\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 70%  appear on  head and neck(sun-exposed areas)\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Appear as either:\r\n  1.  slow growing ulcer with everted and indurated edges. OR\r\n  2.  hard papule\r\n\r\n\r\nDIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS\r\nOther skin ulcers:\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Venous\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Arterial disease\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Neuropathic", "\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Sickle cell leg ulcers \r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Pressure sores \r\n\r\nOther  nodules:\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Basal cell carcinoma\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Malignant melanoma \r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Solar keratosis\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Keratoacanthoma \r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Pyogenic granuloma\r\n\r\nTREATMENT:\r\nExcisional biopsy:\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Full thickness of skin  taken to determine depth of spread.\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Excise well wide of the margins (2cms) to achieve clearance.\r\n\r\n\r\nOTHER PROCEDURES:\r\n1. Mohs surgery.\r\n   For lesions larger than 3/4 of an inch located on the face.\r\n   Remove tumor layer by layer. \r\n   Examine each layer under  microscope until no abnormal cells remain. \r\n   Allows for  removal of  with very narrow surgical margin and a high cure rate.\r\n\r\n2. Curettage and cautery:\r\n   For lesions less than 1 cm", "in situ lesions", "& precancerous lesions.\r\n\r\n3. Cryotherapy/cryosurgery.\r\n\r\n4. Topical Flurouracil 5%:\r\n \r\n5. Radiotherapy:\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd for patients who cannot or prefer not to be treated by surgery.\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd when the margins of excision appear to be incomplete at histology. \r\n\r\nPROGNOSIS.\r\nEarly stage tumours = 90% 5 year survival.\r\nMetastatic lymph node disease = 30% 5 year survival\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Xeroderma pigmentosa", "Synonyms": ["Xeroderma pigmentosum"], "Effects": ["Photosensitivity", "Macular degeneration", "Solar keratosis", "Telangiectasia", "Basal cell carcinoma", "Squamous cell skin cancer", "Malignant melanoma", "Malignant transformation"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Congenital skin disease"], "Description": ["\"DNA repair enzyme deficiency\n\nErythema and swelling up to 72 hours after exposure to sunlight\""]}
,{"Name": "Ochronotic pigmentation", "Causes": ["Alkaptonuria triad"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibody", "Synonyms": ["Scl-70 autoantibody", "Anti-topoisomerase I antibody", "Anti-Scl-70 antibody", "Scleroderma-70 antibody"], "Effects": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Pulmonary fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Abnormal sialophorin", "Synonyms": ["Abnormal CD43 receptor"], "Causes": ["Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome"], "Effects": ["Thrombocytopenia", "Lymphopaenia"]}
,{"Name": "Germ cell ovarian tumour", "Parents": ["Ovarian tumour"], "Children": ["Teratoma", "Dysgerminoma", "Choriocarcinoma", "Yolk sac tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Obstetric condition", "Synonyms": ["Obstetric disease"], "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Complication of pregnancy", "Complication of childbirth", "Pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "Gynaecological symptom", "Synonyms": ["Gynae symptom"], "Parents": ["Gynaecology", "Symptom"], "Children": ["Amenorrhoea", "Gynaecological haemorrhage", "Menorrhagia", "Dysmenorrhoea", "Dyspareunia", "Vulval pain", "Galactorrhoea", "Vulval pruritus", "Multiparity", "Vaginal discharge", "Foul vaginal odour", "Nulliparity", "Early menarche", "Late menopause", "Atrophic vaginitis"]}
,{"Name": "Diabetes mellitus", "Synonyms": ["DM"], "Causes": ["Cystinosis", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Friedrich ataxia"], "Effects": ["Hyperglycaemia", "Impaired concentrating ability", "Poorly controlled diabetes", "Diabetic nephropathy", "Diabetic neuropathy", "Diabetic retinopathy", "Atherosclerosis", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum", "Lipoatrophy", "Diabetic dermopathy", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Low high density lipoprotein", "Hypophosphataemia", "Renal papillary necrosis", "Retinal vein occlusion", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Charcot joints", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Dupuytren's contracture", "Steatosis", "Diabetic amyotrophy", "Oral candidiasis", "Bowel bacterial overgrowth", "Granuloma annulare", "Cheiroarthropathy", "Mixed motor weakness", "Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Homocysteinaemia", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Rubeosis iridis", "Small fibre neuropathy", "Cholelithiasis", "Low testosterone", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Hydramnios", "Nerve root lesion", "Acquired cataract", "Glaucoma", "Necrotising fasciitis"], "Parents": ["Diabetes", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Type I diabetes mellitus", "Type II diabetes mellitus", "Gestational diabetes", "Maturity-onset diabetes of the young"], "Treatments": ["Oral hypoglycaemic", "Metformin", "Insulin"], "Description": ["\"Fasting glucose > 7.0 or rises to above 11.1 (2 hrs after 75g of glucose)\""]}
,{"Name": "Auscultatory abdominal sign", "Parents": ["Auscultatory sign", "Abdominal sign"], "Children": ["Absent bowel sounds", "Tinkling bowel sounds", "Abdominal arterial bruit", "Abdominal venous hum", "Hepatic friction rub", "Succusion splash"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy", "Synonyms": ["CIDP", "Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy"], "Causes": ["Anti-GM1 antibody"], "Effects": ["Demyelination of peripheral nerve", "Mainly motor neuropathy", "Motor conduction block", "Elevated protein in CSF"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous immunoglobulin", "Prednisolone", "Plasmapheresis", "Azathioprine"]}
,{"Name": "Spinal stenosis", "Effects": ["Nerve root lesion"], "Treatments": ["Laminectomy"]}
,{"Name": "CMV proctitis", "Causes": ["Cytomegalovirus", "Homosexuality"], "Effects": ["Proctitis", "CMV inclusion bodies"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"], "Description": ["\"Painless PR bleed\""]}
,{"Name": "Constricted pupil", "Synonyms": ["Miosis", "Miotic pupil", "Small pupil"], "Causes": ["Old age", "Anterior uveitis", "Horner syndrome", "Muscarinic agonist", "Argyll Robertson pupil", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Anisocoria"], "Effects": ["Unreactive pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Promyelocyte", "Causes": ["Chronic myeloid leukaemia", "Acute promyelocytic leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Glomerulonephritis", "Synonyms": ["GN"], "Causes": ["Nail-patella syndrome"], "Effects": ["Renal fluid retention", "Chronic renal failure"], "Parents": ["Nephritis"], "Children": ["Acute glomerulonephritis", "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "IgA nephropathy", "Proliferative glomerulonephritis", "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis", "Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis", "Minimal change glomerulonephritis", "Scleroderma renal crisis"]}
,{"Name": "Blood change in pregnancy", "Causes": ["Pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Raised ESR", "Thrombocytosis", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Hypoalbuminaemia", "Low bicarbonate", "Low creatinine", "Low urea", "Pancytopaenia", "Macrocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Temporary pacing", "Synonyms": ["Temporary pacemaker", "Pacing wire"], "Parents": ["Cardiological procedure"], "Treats": ["Mobitz type I heart block"]}
,{"Name": "Female gender", "Effects": ["Cholelithiasis", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Multiple sclerosis", "Osteoporosis", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Graves disease", "Hashimoto thyroiditis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Sjogren syndrome", "Migraine", "Urinary tract infection", "Urinary incontinence", "Bronchioalveolar carcinoma", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Wilm's tumour", "Capillary haemangioma", "Anxiety disorder", "Cholasma", "Laryngeal nodule", "Sprengel's shoulder", "Varicose veins of leg"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Succusion splash", "Parents": ["Auscultatory abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Peripheral gangrene", "Causes": ["Limb ischaemia", "St. Anthony's fire"], "Effects": ["Necrotic skin lesion"], "Parents": ["Gangrene"]}
,{"Name": "Malathion", "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Pediculosis capitis"], "Description": ["\"Used only on children aged older than 6 years. \nIt is flammable. \""]}
,{"Name": "Nephrocalcinosis", "Causes": ["Hypercalciuria", "Myeloma renal disease", "Distal renal tubule acidosis", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Dent syndrome"], "Effects": ["Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Polyuric renal failure"], "Parents": ["Ectopic calcification"]}
,{"Name": "Phobia", "Parents": ["Anxiety disorder"], "Children": ["Social phobia", "Specific phobia"]}
,{"Name": "Renal procedure", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Children": ["Dialysis", "Haemofiltration"]}
,{"Name": "Dejerine-Sottas syndrome", "Synonyms": ["D\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdj\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrine-Scotas disease", "Hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy type III", "HSMN III"], "Effects": ["Peripheral neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Partially treated bacterial meningitis", "Causes": ["Bacterial meningitis"], "Effects": ["Bacterial lymphocytic meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Mucoid sputum", "Causes": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Post-primary tuberculosis"], "Parents": ["Sputum"]}
,{"Name": "Carcino-embryonic antigen", "Synonyms": ["CEA", "Carcinoembryonic antigen"], "Causes": ["Colorectal carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Immunological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Absent pubic hair", "Causes": ["Late puberty"], "Parents": ["Genital examination sign"]}
,{"Name": "Periventricular calcification", "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis"], "Parents": ["CT sign"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-DQW7", "Effects": ["IgA nephropathy"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Galactosaemia", "Effects": ["Hypoglycaemia", "Congenital cataract", "Hereditary Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Galactosyl uridylyltransferase deficiency", "Galactokinase deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Fetal alcohol syndrome", "Causes": ["Alcoholism"], "Effects": ["Smooth philtrum", "Narrow palpebral fissures", "Microcephaly", "Mental retardation", "Global developmental delay", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Congenital deafness"], "Parents": ["Congenital malformation syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Blood in faeces", "Synonyms": ["Blood in stool", "Bloody stool", "haematochezia", "Hematochezia"], "Causes": ["Lower gastrointestinal bleed", "Dysentery"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom", "Faeces sign"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "Terson syndrome"], "Effects": ["Monocular blindness"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"], "Children": ["Blot haemorrhage", "Subhyaloid haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-DQW2", "Effects": ["Coeliac disease"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Isofluorane", "Parents": ["General anaesthetic"]}
,{"Name": "Ventouse", "Treats": ["Assisted delivery"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-GM2 antibody", "Synonyms": ["Antibody to glycolipid GM2"], "Causes": ["Cytomegalovirus"], "Effects": ["Guillain-Barre syndrome"], "Parents": ["Anti-glycolipid antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Extracapsular fracture neck of femur", "Synonyms": ["Intertrochanteric fracture"], "Effects": ["Mal-union"], "Parents": ["Hip fracture"], "Treatments": ["Internal Fixation"]}
,{"Name": "COL11A1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Stickler syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 1p21\""]}
,{"Name": "Cardiac arrest", "Effects": ["Death"], "Parents": ["Ventricular arrhythmia"], "Children": ["Ventricular tachycardia", "Ventricular fibrillation", "Asystole", "Pulseless electrical activity"], "Treatments": ["Amiodarone", "Adrenaline"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphadenopathy", "Synonyms": ["Lymphadenitis", "Enlarged lymph node", "Swollen lymph glands"], "Parents": ["Examination sign", "Neck lump"], "Children": ["Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Localised lymphadenopathy", "Paratracheal lymphadenopathy", "Rubbery lymph nodes", "Inguinal lymphadenopathy", "Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Amoebic dysentery", "Causes": ["Amoebiasis"], "Effects": ["Dysentery"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy", "Effects": ["Paranasal sinus barotrauma", "Myopia", "CNS toxicity", "Seizure", "Barotrauma"], "Parents": ["Medical treatment"], "Treats": ["Carbon monoxide toxicity", "Caisson disease", "Gas gangrene", "Crush Injury", "Compartment syndrome", "Necrotising fasciitis", "Central retinal artery occlusion"], "Description": ["\"Contraindications:\r\n-Pacemaker\r\n-Untreated pneumothorax\r\n- Bleomycin\r\n-Doxorubicin\r\n-Cisplatin \r\n-Disulfiram\r\n-Mafenide acetate\""]}
,{"Name": "Air under diaphragm", "Synonyms": ["Air under the diaphragm"], "Causes": ["Pneumoperitoneum", "Duodenal perforation"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Celecoxib", "Parents": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug"]}
,{"Name": "Uterine cancer", "Synonyms": ["Uterine carcinoma"], "Causes": ["Cowden disease"], "Effects": ["Post-menopausal bleeding", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Cancers due to gene mutation", "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological cancer", "Intra-abdominal malignancy", "Gynaecological disease"], "Children": ["Carcinoma of endometrium", "Myometrial cancer"], "Treatments": ["Pelvic irradiation", "Weight loss"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal phakoma", "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis", "Neurofibromatosis I"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Atorvastatin", "Parents": ["HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Organ injury", "Causes": ["Penetrating injury"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphoma", "Effects": ["Hypervitaminosis D", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Rubbery lymph nodes", "Pruritus", "Chylothorax", "Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Cold antibody haemolysis", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Bone marrow infiltration", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Pemphigus vulgaris", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Liver granuloma", "Paratracheal lymphadenopathy", "Exudate pleural effusion", "Malignant pleural effusion", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Moderate splenomegaly", "Duodenal filling defect", "Panniculitis", "Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Haematological malignancy", "Lymphoid neoplasm", "Lymphoproliferative disorder"], "Children": ["Hodgkin lymphoma", "Non-hodgkin lymphoma", "Thyroid lymphoma", "Gastrointestinal lymphoma", "Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma"], "Treatments": ["Ifosfamide"]}
,{"Name": "Appendicitis", "Causes": ["Escherichia coli", "Male gender"], "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain", "Right iliac fossa pain", "Anorexia", "Nausea and vomiting", "Peritonism", "Rovsing's sign", "Bowel perforation", "Liver abscess", "Appendix mass", "Appendix abscess"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology", "Surgical pathology"], "Description": ["\" - Only in 50% of patients is the preoperative diagnosis correct.\n - At 20% of appendicectomies", "a normal appendix is removed.\n - A women is  more likely to have a 'normal' appendix removed.\n\nIf a normal appendix is found at laprotomy", "look for:\n - Meckel's diverticulum.\n - Acute salpingitis.\n - Crohn's disease.\n\nRovsing's sign = pain in right  iliac fossa on palpation of the left iliac fossa.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Absent zygomatic bone", "Causes": ["Treacher Collins syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Splenomegaly", "Causes": ["Infectious mononucleosis", "Haematological malignancy", "Portal hypertension", "Extravascular haemolysis", "Sarcoidosis", "Splenic response to infection", "Myeloproliferative disorder", "Connective tissue disease", "Thalassaemia", "Hereditary spherocytosis", "Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Increased red cell turnover", "Iron deficiency anaemia", "Gaucher disease", "Niemann-Pick disease", "Felty syndrome", "Weil disease", "Wolman disease", "Griscelli syndrome", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Hypereosinophilic syndrome", "Fucosidosis", "AIDS with mycobacterium avium complex", "Chronic granulomatous disease", "Splenic vein thrombosis"], "Effects": ["Platelet sequestration", "Increased neutrophil destruction", "Pancytopaenia", "Dullness in Traub's space"], "Parents": ["Organomegaly"], "Children": ["Massive splenomegaly", "Moderate splenomegaly", "Mild splenomegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperinflation", "Causes": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Asthma"], "Effects": ["Decreased cricosternal distance", "Barrel chest", "Loss of cardiac dullness", "Low lying liver", "Hyperresonance"]}
,{"Name": "Animal hair", "Effects": ["Allergic rhinitis"]}
,{"Name": "Cacosmia", "Synonyms": ["Parosmia", "Dysosmia"], "Causes": ["Chronic sinusitis", "Phantosmia", "Upper respiratory tract infection"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign"]}
,{"Name": "Metronidazole", "Parents": ["Antibiotic", "P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Treats": ["Acne rosacea", "Pseudomembranous colitis", "Crohn's disease", "Trichomoniasis", "Gardnerella", "Bacterial Vaginosis", "Amoebiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Foster Kennedy syndrome", "Causes": ["Intracranial space occupying lesion"], "Effects": ["Unilateral papilloedema", "Optic nerve compression"], "Description": ["\"Compression of one optic nerve\""]}
,{"Name": "Oesophageal webs", "Synonyms": ["Web oesphagus"], "Causes": ["Plummer-Vinson syndrome"], "Parents": ["Oesophageal stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Renal emboli", "Synonyms": ["Renal embolism"], "Causes": ["Cholesterol embolus", "Arterial embolus", "Infective endocarditis"], "Effects": ["Haematuria"]}
,{"Name": "Systemic venous congestion", "Synonyms": ["Venous hypertension"], "Causes": ["Right ventricular failure", "Chronic constrictive pericarditis"], "Effects": ["Raised jugular venous pressure", "Chronic liver disease", "Ascites", "Nutmeg liver", "Tender hepatomegaly", "Pitting ankle oedema"]}
,{"Name": "Diuretic", "Effects": ["Impaired concentrating ability", "High bicarbonate", "Diuretic excess"], "Parents": ["Drug", "Antihypertensive drug"], "Children": ["Thiazide", "Loop diuretic", "Osmotic diuretic", "Potassium-sparing diuretic", "Aldosterone antagonist", "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor", "Angiotensin blocker"], "Treats": ["Mitral regurgitation", "Nephrotic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Raised intraocular pressure", "Synonyms": ["High IOP", "Elevated ocular pressure", "High intraocular pressure"], "Causes": ["Glaucoma"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Diesel fumes", "Effects": ["Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx"]}
,{"Name": "Kala-azar", "Synonyms": ["Black fever", "Kala azar"], "Causes": ["Leishmania donovani"], "Effects": ["Infective hepatitis", "Hepatomegaly", "Slate-grey skin pigmentation"], "Parents": ["Chronic infection"], "Treatments": ["Pentavalent antimony", "Pentamidine"], "Description": ["\"Most severe form of leishmaniasis.\nInfects reticuloendothelial system \nParasite found in abundance in bone marrow", "spleen and liver. \nSlow progressing disease ~2 months .\nEndemic North India.\n100 deaths per year in India.\nMortality 100% without treatment\nCaused by bites from sandflies", "the vector of the leishmania parasite.\nMan is the only known reservoir of infection.\""]}
,{"Name": "Langerhans cell histiocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Histiocytosis X"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking"], "Effects": ["Panhypopituitarism", "Bitemporal hemianopia", "Cranial diabetes insipidus", "Non-caseating granuloma", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Hypothalamic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Leukaemia"], "Children": ["Letterer-Siwe disease", "Hand-Schueller-Christian syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Macrocytic anaemia", "Parents": ["Anaemia"], "Children": ["Megaloblastic anaemia", "Non-megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Dwarfism", "Causes": ["Achondroplasia", "Low growth hormone", "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome", "Mucopolysaccharidosis", "Dyschondroplasia"], "Effects": ["Short stature"]}
,{"Name": "Brainstem syndrome", "Causes": ["Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Vertebrobasilar infarct", "Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis", "Behcet disease", "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system pathology"], "Children": ["Weber syndrome", "Lateral medullary syndrome", "Parinaud syndrome", "Benedict syndrome", "Millard-Gubler syndrome", "Foville syndrome", "Avellis syndrome", "Jackson syndrome", "Raymond-Cestan syndrome", "Claude syndrome", "Nothnagel syndrome", "Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis", "Midbrain lesion", "Pontine lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital entropion", "Effects": ["Entropion"]}
,{"Name": "Clarithromycin", "Parents": ["Macrolide"], "Treats": ["Helicobacter pylori", "Legionella", "Otitis media"]}
,{"Name": "Cervical rib", "Effects": ["Thoracic outlet obstruction", "Rib notching"]}
,{"Name": "Guttate psoriasis", "Parents": ["Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Peripheral neuropathy", "Synonyms": ["Distal neuropathy"], "Causes": ["Toxic neuropathy", "Metabolic neuropathy", "Demyelination of peripheral nerve", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Primary vasculitis", "Collagen vascular disease", "Congenital peripheral neuropathy", "Vitamin deficiency neuropathy", "Infectious neuropathy", "Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome", "Dejerine-Sottas syndrome", "POEMS syndrome", "Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance", "Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome"], "Effects": ["Lower motor neurone lesion", "Motor conduction block", "Glove and stocking sensory loss", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Neuropathic pain"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy"], "Children": ["Mainly motor neuropathy", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Diabetic neuropathy", "Congenital peripheral neuropathy"], "Description": ["\"Nerve conduction impairment of the peripheral nerves\""]}
,{"Name": "Positive formal thought disorder", "Synonyms": ["Formal thought disorder"], "Parents": ["Disconnected thought"], "Children": ["Asyndetic thinking", "Interpenetration of themes", "Overinclusiveness"]}
,{"Name": "Angina pectoris", "Synonyms": ["Reversible ischaemic chest pain", "Reversible cardiac ischaemia", "Angina cordis"], "Causes": ["Myocardial ischaemia", "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Thyroxine", "Sick sinus syndrome"], "Effects": ["Referred abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Chest pain"], "Children": ["Acute coronary syndrome", "Prinzmetal angina"], "Description": ["\"Choking pain\""]}
,{"Name": "Conus medullaris syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Conus lesion"], "Effects": ["Mixed motor weakness"], "Description": ["\"Las inch of cord at vertebral level T10-L1 \nContains lumbar", "sacral and coccygeal cord segments\""]}
,{"Name": "Irregular liver edge", "Causes": ["Liver metastasis", "Macronodular cirrhosis", "Hepatocellular carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchial polyp", "Causes": ["Peutz-Jegher syndrome"], "Parents": ["Polyp"]}
,{"Name": "Astrocytoma", "Effects": ["Hypercatabolic state"], "Parents": ["Neurological tumour"], "Children": ["Pilocytic astrocytoma"]}
,{"Name": "Euphoria", "Causes": ["Amphetamine"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Low thyroxine-binding globulin", "Synonyms": ["Low TBG"], "Effects": ["Sick euthyroidism"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Cronkhite-Canada syndrome", "Effects": ["Colonic polyp", "Nail dystrophy", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome", "Small bowel tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Xerostomia", "Synonyms": ["Dry mouth"], "Causes": ["Antimuscarinic drug", "Sjogren syndrome", "Dehydration", "Irradiation", "Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome", "Anticholinergic drug"], "Effects": ["Oral candidiasis", "Atrophic glossitis", "Dysphagia"], "Parents": ["Oral symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Sulphur", "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Treats": ["Acne vulgaris"]}
,{"Name": "Xanthochromic CSF", "Synonyms": ["Xanthochromia"], "Causes": ["Blood in CSF", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Froin syndrome"], "Parents": ["Lumbar puncture"]}
,{"Name": "Doxazosin", "Parents": ["Alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Arsenic", "Synonyms": ["Inorganic arsenical"], "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia", "Mees line", "Optic neuropathy", "Toxic neuropathy", "Lactate acidosis", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Description": ["\"Pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibitor\""]}
,{"Name": "Behcet disease", "Synonyms": ["Behcet's disease", "Beh\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdet disease", "Silk road disease"], "Causes": ["HLA-B5", "HLA-B51", "Turkish origin"], "Effects": ["Behcet triad", "Uveitis", "Retinal vasculitis", "Pericarditis", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Diarrhoea", "Venous thrombosis", "Arterial thrombosis", "Aortic regurgitation", "Transverse myelitis", "Erythema nodosum", "Noninfective meningitis", "Positive pathergy test", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Bulbar palsy", "Migratory polyarthritis", "Brainstem syndrome"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease"], "Treatments": ["Cyclosporin", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"2:1 male preponderance", "onset at 30 yrs.\n30% have a family history\n\nprevalent in  areas of the old silk trading routes in the Middle East & Central Asia. \nHence sometimes known as Silk Road Disease.\n\nMortality is usually low \""]}
,{"Name": "EVC gene mutation", "Effects": ["Ellis-van Creveld syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 4p16\""]}
,{"Name": "Polymyositis", "Causes": ["Anti-Jo antibody"], "Effects": ["Myositis", "Cryptogenic organising pneumonia", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction"], "Parents": ["Collagen vascular disease"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Lack of insight", "Synonyms": ["Loss of insight", "Anosagnosia", "Anosognosia", "Lack of awareness"], "Causes": ["Psychosis", "Neglect syndrome"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric sign", "Cognitive disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Morquio syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Galactose 6-sulphatase deficiency", "MPS type IV A", "Mucopolysaccharidosis type IV A"], "Parents": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Metabolic syndrome", "Effects": ["Non alcoholic fatty liver disease"]}
,{"Name": "Germanium", "Effects": ["Toxic neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Scleral eye pain", "Causes": ["Acute glaucoma", "Eye muscle inflammation", "Thrombotic glaucoma"], "Parents": ["Eye pain"]}
,{"Name": "Cauda equina syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Cauda equina compression"], "Causes": ["Ankylosing spondylitis"], "Effects": ["Saddle anaesthesia", "L4 root lesion", "L5 root lesion", "S1 root lesion", "S234 root lesion", "S5 root lesion", "Lower motor neurone lesion"], "Parents": ["Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Hydralazine", "Effects": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Drug-induced lupus", "Insulin autoantibodies", "Eosinophilic pneumonia", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Vasodilator", "Drug metabolised by N-acetyltransferase"], "Treats": ["Pre-eclampsia"]}
,{"Name": "Froment sign", "Synonyms": ["Adductor pollicis paralysis", "Impaired thumb adduction"], "Causes": ["Ulnar nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Lower motor neurone lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Radiofemoral delay", "Causes": ["Coarctation of the aorta", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Aortic dissection", "Thoracic outlet obstruction"], "Parents": ["Pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis", "Synonyms": ["NASH", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver"], "Causes": ["Obesity"], "Effects": ["Hepatic haemosiderosis", "High serum ferritin"], "Parents": ["Steatosis"]}
,{"Name": "Meconium stained liquor", "Causes": ["Fetal stress", "Meconium aspiration"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth", "Obstetric sign"]}
,{"Name": "Prosopagnosia", "Causes": ["Temporal lobe lesion", "Semantic dementia"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"Inability to recognise visual faces\""]}
,{"Name": "Alloimmune thrombocyte destruction", "Causes": ["Transfusion mismatch", "Neonatal thrombocytopaenia"], "Effects": ["Decreased platelet survival"]}
,{"Name": "Inadequate iron intake", "Synonyms": ["Poor Fe intake"], "Causes": ["Inadequate diet", "Poverty", "Old age", "Infancy", "Anorexia nervosa"], "Effects": ["Iron deficiency anaemia", "Childhood malnutriton"], "Parents": ["Diet"]}
,{"Name": "Circumcision", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Orthopaedic pathology", "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Joint effusion", "Fracture", "Osteomyelitis", "Acquired limb deformity", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Avascular necrosis", "Intervertebral disc herniation", "Spondylosis", "Perthe disease", "Dislocation of shoulder", "Compartment syndrome", "Orthopaedic malformations", "Bone tumour", "Metabolic bone disease", "Congenital skeletal dysplasia", "Non-union"]}
,{"Name": "Vertebral body fracture", "Causes": ["Osteoporosis"], "Effects": ["Back pain", "Spinal cord compression"], "Parents": ["Fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Neonatal mortality", "Synonyms": ["Neonatal death", "Death after birth"], "Causes": ["Premature birth", "Complication of childbirth", "Multiple birth", "Obesity", "Cigarette smoking", "Low birth weight", "Congenital rubella", "Rhesus incompatibility", "Chickenpox", "Congenital malformation", "Congenital malformation syndrome", "Congenital heart disease", "Congenital metabolic disease", "Congenital muscle disease", "Congenital neurological disease", "Congenital renal disease"], "Description": ["\"neonatal death is higher in babies born to women under the age of 25", "and women over the age of 40\""]}
,{"Name": "Chemical cardioversion", "Causes": ["Amiodarone", "Esmolol", "Adenosine", "Procainamide", "Disopyramide", "Quinidine"], "Parents": ["Cardioversion"], "Treats": ["Supraventricular tachycardia", "Atrial fibrillation"]}
,{"Name": "Factor V mutation", "Synonyms": ["Leiden mutation"], "Effects": ["Genetic hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Variola virus", "Synonyms": ["Smallpox"], "Parents": ["Pox virus", "Viral infections of skin", "Notifiable disease", "Contagious disease"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Lumbar lordosis", "Synonyms": ["Lordotic spine"], "Causes": ["Rickets", "Duchenne muscular dystrophy"], "Effects": ["Lordotic gait"], "Parents": ["Back deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased smooth muscle excitability", "Causes": ["High progesterone"], "Effects": ["Delayed gastric emptying", "Cardiac sphincter laxity", "Decreased gut motility"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary crackles", "Synonyms": ["Basal crackles"], "Parents": ["Monophonic wheeze"], "Children": ["Fine basal crackles", "Coarse basal crackles"], "Description": ["\"Fine bilateral\""]}
,{"Name": "Right axis deviation", "Causes": ["Major pulmonary embolus", "Right ventricular hypertrophy", "Ostium secundum atrial septal defect"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "La main succulente", "Synonyms": ["Trophic upper limb abnormalities"], "Causes": ["Syringomyelia"], "Parents": ["Acquired limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Hypopigmented skin", "Synonyms": ["Hypopigmentation", "Depigmentation"], "Causes": ["Amelanosis", "Vitiligo", "Cutaneous scarring", "Angelman syndrome", "Pityriasis versicolor", "Incontinentia pigmenti syndrome", "Hypomelanosis of Ito"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"], "Children": ["Hypopigmented macules"]}
,{"Name": "Recurrent infection", "Causes": ["Partial albinism and immunodeficiency syndrome", "Griscelli syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Disturbed nocturnal sleep", "Causes": ["Narcolepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Acute monocytic leukaemia", "Effects": ["Gum hyperplasia", "Lysozyme kidney damage"], "Parents": ["Acute leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Radiological procedure", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Children": ["Cyst aspiration", "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography", "Angiographic procedure", "Radiofrequency catheter ablation", "Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt"]}
,{"Name": "Psoriatic arthropathy", "Synonyms": ["Psoriatic arthritis"], "Causes": ["Psoriasis", "HLA-B27"], "Effects": ["Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Large joint arthritis", "Synovitis", "Arthritis mutilans", "Antiphospholipid syndrome"], "Parents": ["Seronegative spondyloarthritis"], "Treatments": ["Sulphasalazine", "Methotrexate"], "Description": ["\"Asymmetrical oligoarthritis (like OA)\nSymmetrial oligoarthritis (like Rheumatoid)\nAxial arthritis + sacroiliitis (like Ank spond)\nDistal interphalangeal joint involvement (specific", "in HLA-B27+)\""]}
,{"Name": "Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury", "Synonyms": ["RLN injury"], "Causes": ["Thyroidectomy", "Parathyroidectomy", "Carotid endarterectomy", "Oesophagectomy", "Endotracheal intubation"], "Effects": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Mercury", "Synonyms": ["Hg"], "Effects": ["Cerebellar ataxia", "Ganglionopathy", "Acrodynia", "Palm and sole desquamation", "Increased sympathetic tone", "Facial erythema", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Restlessness", "Mental slowing", "Hunter-Russell syndrome", "Minamata disease", "Cerebral atrophy", "Toxic neuropathy", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Heavy metal"], "Description": ["\"Probably alters membrate ion permeability", "blood-brain barrier", "and  toxic to striate cortex", "cerebellar granule cells and\r\nspinal ganglia.\r\nDemyelination.\""]}
,{"Name": "Ocular metastasis", "Synonyms": ["Intraorbital metastasis"], "Effects": ["Retro-orbital mass"], "Parents": ["Metastasis"]}
,{"Name": "Fatty acid", "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Children": ["Vigabatrin", "Tiagabine"]}
,{"Name": "Paget disease of nipple", "Synonyms": ["Paget's disease of breast"], "Causes": ["Carcinoma of breast"]}
,{"Name": "Preductal coarctation", "Synonyms": ["Infantile coarctation"], "Causes": ["Transposition of great arteries", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Ventricular septal defect"], "Parents": ["Coarctation of the aorta"]}
,{"Name": "Budd-Chiari syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Hepatic vein occlusion", "Hepatic vein obstruction", "Budd Chiari syndrome"], "Causes": ["Hepatic vein thrombosis", "Hepatic vein compression"], "Effects": ["Portal hypertension", "Tender hepatomegaly", "Ascites", "Chronic liver disease"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic renal failure", "Synonyms": ["CRF", "Chronic renal impairment"], "Causes": ["Diabetic nephropathy", "Hypertension", "Chronic urinary tract obstruction", "Glomerulonephritis", "Nephrotic syndrome", "Pyelonephritis", "Acute kidney injury", "Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Hydronephrosis", "Renal amyloidosis", "Cystinosis", "Lesch Nyhan syndrome", "Dent syndrome", "Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency", "Alport syndrome", "Alport's triad"], "Effects": ["Renal fluid retention", "Uraemia", "Hypocalcaemia", "Osteoporosis", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Low erythropoietin", "Myelophthisic anaemia", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism", "Renal osteodystrophy", "Decreased angiotensin II", "High plasma urate", "Hypocalciuria", "Degenerative valve calcification", "Hypoglycaemia", "Homocysteinaemia", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Digoxin toxicity", "Chondrocalcinosis", "Lindsay's half-and-half nail", "Impaired glucose tolerance", "Atherosclerosis", "Tertiary hyperparathyroidism", "Calciphylaxis", "Pre-eclampsia", "End-stage renal failure", "Acquired renal cystic disease", "Low testosterone", "Transudate pleural effusion"], "Parents": ["Renal failure"], "Treatments": ["Haemodialysis", "Peritoneal dialysis", "Erythropoietin", "Calcium", "Fluid restriction", "Dialysis"], "Description": ["\"25% diabetic\n25% chronic GN\n20% chronic pyelonephritis\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Brain MRI sign", "Parents": ["Radiological investigation"], "Children": ["Panda sign", "Eye-of-the-tiger sign", "Clot crossing suture lines", "Sickle shaped haematoma"]}
,{"Name": "Phenylpyruvate in urine", "Causes": ["Phenylketonuria"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital pulmonary stenosis", "Causes": ["Tetralogy of Fallot", "Williams syndrome", "Trisomy 9", "Noonan syndrome", "Ostium primum atrial septal defect"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary stenosis", "Acyanotic heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Casal necklace", "Synonyms": ["Casal's necklace"], "Causes": ["Nicotinic acid deficiency"], "Effects": ["Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Description": ["\"Photosensitive hyperpigmented dermatitis over neck and upper chest\""]}
,{"Name": "Streptokinase", "Parents": ["Thrombolysis"], "Description": ["\"Contraindicated in shock\""]}
,{"Name": "Low creatinine", "Causes": ["Blood change in pregnancy"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Agrammatism", "Synonyms": ["Agrammatical speech", "Grammar errors"], "Causes": ["Progressive nonfluent aphasia"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Caucasian", "Effects": ["Cystic fibrosis", "Multiple sclerosis", "Crohn's disease", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Carcinoma of skin", "Barrett's oesophagus", "Haemochromatosis", "Capillary haemangioma", "Anxiety disorder", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Ewing sarcoma"], "Parents": ["Ethnic origin"]}
,{"Name": "Syringobulbia", "Effects": ["Bulbar palsy"], "Parents": ["Syringomyelia"]}
,{"Name": "Backpackers", "Effects": ["Cryptosporidium parvum infection"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Pneumomediastinum", "Synonyms": ["Mediastinal emphysema"], "Causes": ["Rupture of oesophagus"], "Effects": ["Pericardial crunch"]}
,{"Name": "Spondylosis", "Causes": ["Old age"], "Effects": ["Back pain", "Morning stiffness", "Nerve root lesion", "Kyphosis"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"], "Children": ["Cervical spondylosis", "Lumbar spondylosis"], "Description": ["\"Spinal osteoarthritis\""]}
,{"Name": "Radical prostatectomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Prostate cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Rapid eye movement sleep behavioural disorder", "Synonyms": ["REM sleep behavioural disorder", "RSBD"], "Effects": ["Parkinson's disease", "Sleep disorder"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Description": ["\"80% conversion to PD in 10 years\""]}
,{"Name": "Kleine-Levin syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Recurrent hypersomnia"], "Effects": ["Hypersomnia"]}
,{"Name": "Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Sleep obstructive apnoea", "OSA", "OSAS"], "Causes": ["Obesity"], "Effects": ["Upper airway obstruction", "Chronic hypoxia", "Somnolescence", "Pickwickian syndrome", "Snoring", "Secondary headache"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Osmophobia", "Causes": ["Migraine"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Amblyopia", "Causes": ["Strabismus", "Refractive errors", "Cataract"], "Parents": ["Childhood ocular problems"]}
,{"Name": "Neurology", "Children": ["Neurological pathology", "Neurological sign", "Neurological symptom", "Neurological investigation", "Neurological disease"]}
,{"Name": "Methylphenidate", "Effects": ["Insomnia", "Anorexia"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric drug"], "Description": ["\"Used in:\nattention-deficit hyperactivity disorder\nNarcolepsy\n\ninhibition of catecholamine reuptake", "primarily as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor\""]}
,{"Name": "Miscarriage", "Synonyms": ["Spontaneous abortion"], "Causes": ["Eclampsia", "Karyotypic abnormality", "Overdue pregnancy", "Dystocia", "Abruptio placentae", "Cervical incompetence", "Oligohydramnios", "Low Progestrone", "Fetal tachycardia", "Poorly controlled diabetes", "Cigarette smoking", "Alcohol", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Cytomegalovirus", "Misoprostol", "Bacterial Vaginosis", "Gestational diabetes", "Rhesus incompatibility", "Chickenpox"], "Effects": ["Choriocarcinoma"], "Parents": ["Fetal death"], "Children": ["Threatened abortion", "Inevitable abortion", "Incomplete abortion", "Missed abortion", "Recurrent miscarriage"], "Description": ["\"Gestational age <20 weeks\n Incidence = 20%\n- Risk of defective genes increases with woman's age.\n- Problems in  genes cause an abnormal fetus . \n- An abnormal fetus is almost always the cause of miscarriages during the first trimester. \n- Miscarriage during  second trimester is related to an abnormality in the mother. \n- Inadequate ovarian hormone  is one of the most common causes of a miscarriage. \n\nINITIALMANAGEMENT:\nAssess BHCG:(>1800 to 20001)\n<1", "000) suggests  abnormal pregnancy.\n>100", "000  suggests a normal living pregnancy. \n\nAssess Gestational sac -Transvaginal US\n - No Gestational Sac - Evaluate for Ectopic Pregnancy\n - Gestational Sac present - Follow for Threatened Abortion\n\nAssess cervix by speculum exam:\n - Dilated = Inevitable abortion.\n - Not dilated = Threatened abortion.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Paratyphoid fever", "Causes": ["Salmonella paratyphi"], "Parents": ["Enteric fever"], "Description": ["\"Milder course\""]}
,{"Name": "Cryoglobulinaemia", "Effects": ["Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis", "Leucocytoclastic vasculitis", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Arthralgia", "Pericarditis", "Subacute thyroiditis", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Cold urticaria", "Acquired low C4", "Livedo reticularis", "Crystalline keratopathy", "Secondary vasculitis"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Children": ["Type I cryoglobulinaemia", "Type II cryoglobulinaemia", "Type III cryoglobulinaemia", "Essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia"], "Description": ["\"Immunoglobulin that reversibly precipitate in the cold.\""]}
,{"Name": "Serous cystadenoma", "Synonyms": ["Serous adenocarcinoma of ovary"], "Parents": ["Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Benign neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia", "Synonyms": ["ALL"], "Causes": ["Chronic myeloid leukaemia"], "Effects": ["Central nervous system lymphoma", "Periodic acid schiff stain positive"], "Parents": ["Lymphoid leukaemia", "Acute leukaemia", "Childhood malignancy"], "Children": ["Pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma", "Pre-T cell acute lymphoid leukaemia"], "Treatments": ["Multiple transfusion", "Vincristine", "Prednisolone", "L-asparaginase", "Daunorubicin", "Methotrexate", "6-mercaptopurine"], "Description": ["\"85% Pre-B\nCD10 positive\""]}
,{"Name": "Short ribs", "Causes": ["Ellis-van Creveld syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Onycholysis", "Synonyms": ["Nail-plate separation", "Plummer nail", "Plummer's nails"], "Causes": ["Psoriasis", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Onychomycosis", "Hand trauma", "Tetracycline", "Porphyria cutanea tarda"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Causes": ["Epstein Barr virus", "Chinese", "Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome"], "Effects": ["Nasal obstruction", "Nasal discharge", "Cranial nerve palsy", "Trotter's triad", "Cavernous sinus lesion"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma", "Ear nose and throat neoplasm"], "Treatments": ["Radiotherapy", "Cisplatin"], "Description": ["\"often presents at a late stage of disease.\nDistant metastases  more often than in other head and neck cancers \nMets present in 10%  at presentation. .\n\n5-year survival rate of 40%.\""]}
,{"Name": "Glycogen storage disorder type V", "Synonyms": ["McArdle's disease", "Myophosphorylase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Stiffness following exercise", "Myoglobinuria", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Hereditary lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Glycogen storage disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Narrowing of joint space", "Causes": ["Osteoarthritis", "Alkaptonuria", "Mucopolysaccharidosis"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Seeing lights", "Synonyms": ["Lights before the eyes", "Seeing flashing lights"], "Causes": ["Aura", "Retinal detachment"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Paradoxical splitting of second heart sound", "Synonyms": ["Paradoxical splitting of HS II", "Reversed splitting of S2", "Reversed splitting of second heart sound"], "Causes": ["Left bundle branch block", "Aortic stenosis", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Right ventricular pacing", "Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type B"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Caesarian section", "Effects": ["Uterine rupture", "Placenta praevia"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological surgery"], "Treats": ["Placenta praevia", "Dystocia", "Hydrops fetalis"]}
,{"Name": "Lack of exercise", "Effects": ["Obesity"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Degenerative valve calcification", "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure", "Paget disease"], "Effects": ["Aortic stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Beryllium inhalation", "Effects": ["Berylliosis"], "Parents": ["Occupational hazard"]}
,{"Name": "Right ventricular failure", "Synonyms": ["Right heart failure", "Right-sided heart failure", "RVF"], "Causes": ["Mitral stenosis", "Cor pulmonale", "Pulmonary stenosis", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Left to right shunt", "Cardiac tamponade", "Congestive cardiac failure"], "Effects": ["Systemic venous congestion", "Third heart sound", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Fatigue", "Right ventricular hypertrophy", "Protein-losing enteropathy"], "Parents": ["Heart failure"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperglycaemia", "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Cushing syndrome", "Thiazide", "Diazoxide", "Total parenteral nutrition"], "Effects": ["High urine glucose", "Impaired concentrating ability", "Stupor", "Delirium"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Children": ["Impaired fasting glucose", "Impaired glucose tolerance", "Lag storage curve"]}
,{"Name": "Human papilloma virus 18", "Synonyms": ["HPV 18", "HPV-18"], "Effects": ["Cervical cancer"], "Parents": ["Human papilloma virus"]}
,{"Name": "Diamorphine", "Synonyms": ["Heroin", "Brown", "Smack"], "Effects": ["Drug toxic to lung", "Secondary amyloidosis"], "Parents": ["Opiate", "Abused drug"]}
,{"Name": "HIV-associated thrombocytopaenia", "Causes": ["Human immunodeficiency virus"], "Effects": ["Antiplatelet antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Human papilloma virus 16", "Synonyms": ["HPV 16", "HPV-16"], "Effects": ["Cervical cancer"], "Parents": ["Human papilloma virus"]}
,{"Name": "Cardiac tamponade", "Synonyms": ["Tamponade"], "Causes": ["Pericardial effusion", "Haemopericardium", "Chronic constrictive pericarditis", "Restrictive cardiomyopathy"], "Effects": ["Heart failure", "Pulsus paradoxux", "Kussmaul sign", "Beck's triad", "Electrical alternans", "Raised jugular venous pressure", "Right ventricular failure", "Asystole"], "Parents": ["Pericardial disease"], "Description": ["\"ECG is diagnostic\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Partial atrioventricular canal", "Effects": ["Mitral regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Acyanotic heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Nervous system tumour", "Synonyms": ["CNS tumour"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system pathology"], "Children": ["Retinal haemangioblastoma", "Endolymphatic sac tumour", "Dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum"]}
,{"Name": "Acne vulgaris", "Causes": ["Adolescence", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Corticosteroid", "Propionibacterium acnes", "Isoniazid", "Phenytoin", "XYY syndrome", "Polygenic inheritance", "Sex hormone imbalance"], "Effects": ["Comedone", "Cutaneous scarring", "Pustule"], "Parents": ["Idiopathic skin disease"], "Treatments": ["Isotretinoin", "Tetracycline", "Erythromycin", "Sulphur", "Peroxide", "Doxycycline", "Clindamycin", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Finasteride", "Spironolactone", "Aspirin", "Azelaic acid", "Benzoyl peroxide"]}
,{"Name": "Endoscopic ureterolithotomy", "Effects": ["Ureteric perforation"], "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Weakness of finger flexion", "Causes": ["Inclusion body myositis"], "Parents": ["Muscle weakness"]}
,{"Name": "Holmes-Adie syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Holmes Adie syndrome"], "Causes": ["Ross syndrome"], "Effects": ["Holmes-Adie pupil", "Absent ankle jerk", "Anhidrosis", "Sick sinus syndrome"], "Parents": ["Dysautonomia"], "Description": ["\"Young women; benign.\nAutoimmune at parasympathetic ganglion.\""]}
,{"Name": "Ecthyma gangrenosum", "Effects": ["Necrotic skin lesion"], "Parents": ["Ecthyma"], "Treatments": ["Cephalosporin"]}
,{"Name": "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Synonyms": ["PBC"], "Causes": ["Sjogren syndrome", "Rheumatoid disease", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Anti-smooth muscle antibody", "Renal tubule acidosis"], "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Fatigue", "Common bile duct obstruction", "Portal hypertension", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Osteomalacia", "Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Mallory body", "High liver copper", "High IgM", "Liver granuloma", "Periportal granuloma", "Periportal fibrosis", "Non-caseating granuloma", "Antimitochondrial antibody", "Kayser-Fleischer ring"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune liver disease", "Biliary cirrhosis"], "Treatments": ["Ursodeoxycholic acid", "Cholestyramine", "Rifampicin", "Naloxone", "Liver transplant"], "Description": ["\"10:1 female:male ratio\nPresents at 40-60 yrs\n20-fold risk of HCC\n80% Sjogren\n20% scleroderma\n20% lung fibrosis\n98% have AMA\nSurvival 10 yrs (2 yrs with jaundice)\""]}
,{"Name": "Granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor", "Synonyms": ["Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor", "GM-CSF", "GMCSF"], "Effects": ["Phagocyte activation", "Increased erythropoiesis", "Interferon gamma"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Arterial thrombosis", "Causes": ["Atherosclerosis", "Left atrial thrombosis", "Abdominal aortic aneurysm", "Angiographic procedure", "Surgery", "Primary vasculitis", "Aortic dissection", "Behcet disease", "Homocystinuria", "Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia"], "Effects": ["Arterial occlusion"], "Parents": ["Thrombosis"]}
,{"Name": "Sulphasalazine", "Synonyms": ["Sulfasalazine", "SSZ"], "Effects": ["Azoospermia", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Drug toxic to lung", "Selective IgA deficiency", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Drug rash", "Drug induced agranulocytosis"], "Parents": ["5-aminosalicylic acid", "Sulphonamide"], "Treats": ["Psoriatic arthropathy", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Ulcerative colitis", "Crohn's disease"]}
,{"Name": "Benzoyl peroxide", "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Acne vulgaris"]}
,{"Name": "Megaloblast", "Synonyms": ["Megaloblastosis"], "Causes": ["Megaloblastic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow sign"]}
,{"Name": "Desensitization", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Hay fever"]}
,{"Name": "Rotavirus", "Causes": ["Faecal contamination of food"], "Effects": ["Viral gastroenteritis"], "Parents": ["Double-stranded RNA virus"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["Throat cancer", "Pharyngeal cancer", "Mouth cancer", "Oral cancer", "Squamous cell cancer of pharynx"], "Causes": ["Indian origin", "Cigarette smoking", "Old age"], "Effects": ["Sore throat", "Lump in throat", "Jugular foramen syndrome", "Bazex syndrome"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat neoplasm", "Pharyngology", "Squamous cell tumour"], "Treatments": ["Radiotherapy", "Cisplatin"], "Description": ["\"Among immigrants from the Indian sub-continent", "the risk of death from cancer of the pharynx is five times that of British natives\n\n5 year survival rates -poor- 30% \""]}
,{"Name": "Congenital autosomal recessive angiopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy", "Synonyms": ["CARASIL", "HTRA-1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Cerebral infarction"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"Like CADSIL but recessive\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Increased vascular tone", "Synonyms": ["High vascular tone", "Peripheral vasoconstriction"], "Causes": ["Vasoconstrictor drug", "Increased sympathetic tone", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Cheese effect", "St. Anthony's fire", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Cushing's triad", "High serotonin", "High endothelin-1", "Renal cell carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Hypertension", "Pallor", "Cold skin"]}
,{"Name": "Childhood ocular problems", "Parents": ["Acquired childhood disease"], "Children": ["Acquired strabismus", "Amblyopia", "Refractive errors", "Traumatic cataract", "Astigmatism"]}
,{"Name": "Ecchymosis", "Causes": ["Bleeding disorder"], "Parents": ["Purpura"]}
,{"Name": "Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Peroneal muscular atrophy", "CMT", "HMSN", "Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy", "Hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy", "HSMN"], "Effects": ["Peripheral neuropathy", "Mainly motor neuropathy", "Pes cavus", "Claw toes", "Foot drop", "Stamping gait", "Neuropathic ulcer", "Scoliosis"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Children": ["Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I", "Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type II", "Dejerine-Sottas syndrome", "Roussy-Levy syndrome"], "Description": ["\"A group of progressive disorders that affect  peripheral nerves.\nMuscle  wasting start from the intrinsic muscles of the feet.\nGradually involve  leg and lower thigh. \nInverted champagne bottle appearance.\""]}
,{"Name": "Wind instruments", "Effects": ["Laryngocoele"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Centronuclear myopathy", "Parents": ["Congenital myopathy", "Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Bacteroides", "Synonyms": ["Bacteroides fragilis"], "Effects": ["Vincent angina", "Peritonitis", "Necrotising fasciitis"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus", "Anaerobe"]}
,{"Name": "Genito-urinary symptom", "Synonyms": ["Genitourinary symptom", "GU symptom"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Lower urinary tract symptom", "Haematuria", "Polyuria", "Oliguria", "Polydipsia", "Scrotal swelling", "Testicular pain", "Infertility", "Priapism", "Dark urine", "Urethral discharge", "Suprapubic pain", "Urethral injury"]}
,{"Name": "Ileus", "Synonyms": ["Paralysis of gut"], "Causes": ["Laparotomy", "Peritonitis", "Gall stone ileus", "Meconium ileus", "Meconium ileus equivalent", "Hyperaldosteronism", "Abdominal surgery"], "Effects": ["Absent bowel sounds", "Abdominal distension", "Gut electrolyte loss", "Decreased gut motility"], "Parents": ["Decreased gut motility"], "Description": ["\"Paralysis of the gut\""]}
,{"Name": "Familial hemiplegic migraine", "Synonyms": ["FHM", "CACNA1A mutation", "Voltage gated calcium channel mutation"], "Effects": ["Migraine"], "Parents": ["Channelopathy"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 19p", "current in purkinje and granule cells and presynaptic terminals.\""]}
,{"Name": "Zygomycosis", "Synonyms": ["Zygomycetes"], "Causes": ["Neutropenia"], "Effects": ["Necrotic skin lesion"], "Parents": ["Fungal infection"], "Children": ["Mucor"]}
,{"Name": "Sickle cell anaemia", "Synonyms": ["Sickle cell disease"], "Causes": ["HbB gene mutation", "African origin"], "Effects": ["Failure to thrive", "Extravascular haemolysis", "Frontal bossing", "Crew haircut appearance", "Intravascular thrombus formation", "Hand-foot syndrome", "Target cells", "Urinary red cell casts", "Renal papillary necrosis", "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis", "Proliferative retinopathy", "Angioid streak", "Primary testicular failure", "Rubeosis iridis", "Hyposplenism", "Sickle cell crisis", "Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Sickle cell trait"], "Parents": ["Haemoglobinopathy", "Autosomal recessive disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Treatments": ["Hydroxyurea", "Erythropoietin", "Guthrie test"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 11p15.5. \nHomozygous HbS\n10% have measngiocapillary GN\nMost have a medullary concentrating defect\nMedian age of death 42 yrs\""]}
,{"Name": "Laminectomy", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"], "Treats": ["Spinal stenosis", "Intervertebral disc herniation"]}
,{"Name": "Symptomatic treatment", "Treats": ["Hepatitis A", "Hepatitis B", "Sturge-Weber syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Trotter syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Deafness to high tones"], "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Malunion", "Causes": ["Colles fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Atrophic glossitis", "Synonyms": ["Tongue atrophy"], "Causes": ["Iron deficiency anaemia", "Plummer-Vinson syndrome", "Xerostomia"], "Parents": ["Glossitis"]}
,{"Name": "Ear nose and throat disease", "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Otological disease", "Rhinology", "Laryngology", "Pharyngology", "Soft palate immobility"]}
,{"Name": "Medullary sponge kidney", "Synonyms": ["Medullary sponge disease", "Cacchi\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdRicci disease"], "Effects": ["Renal cyst", "Renal calculi"], "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"], "Description": ["\"cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules\nIncidence 0.02%\""]}
,{"Name": "Low mean cell volume", "Causes": ["Microcytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Rivastigmine", "Synonyms": ["Exelon"], "Parents": ["Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Target lesion", "Causes": ["Erythema multiforme"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"Round shape and 3 concentric colour zones: \n? Centre - dark red with vesicle. \n? Next ring is pink and is raised due to oedema.\n? Outermost ring is bright red. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Shellfish", "Effects": ["Hepatitis A"], "Parents": ["Food"], "Children": ["Oyster"]}
,{"Name": "Ectropion", "Causes": ["Old age", "Facial nerve palsy", "Cutaneous scarring", "Harlequin icthyosis", "Growth factor inhibitor", "Congenital ectropion"], "Effects": ["Superficial keratitis"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Treatments": ["Eyelid reconstruction", "Botulinum toxin"], "Description": ["\"lower eyelid turns outwards\""]}
,{"Name": "Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Causes": ["Myasthenia gravis", "Eye muscle inflammation", "Orbital cellulitis", "Orbital blowout fracture", "Wernicke encephalopathy", "Miller-Fisher syndrome", "Botulinum toxin", "Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia", "Rabies", "Retro-orbital mass", "Pontine lesion", "Midbrain lesion", "Cavernous sinus lesion"], "Parents": ["Ophthalmoplegia", "Dysconjugate gaze paresis"]}
,{"Name": "Intrinsic factor deficiency", "Synonyms": ["IF deficiency"], "Causes": ["Pernicious anaemia", "Gastrectomy"], "Effects": ["Vitamin B12 malabsorption"]}
,{"Name": "Calcium oxalate stone", "Causes": ["Hyperoxaluria", "Hypercalciuria", "Ketogenic diet"], "Parents": ["Renal calculi"]}
,{"Name": "Excessive daytime sleep", "Causes": ["Narcolepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Single-stranded DNA virus", "Synonyms": ["ssDNA virus", "Single stranded DNA virus"], "Parents": ["Viral infection"], "Children": ["Parvovirus"]}
,{"Name": "Colestipol", "Parents": ["Bile acid binding resin"]}
,{"Name": "Balint syndrome", "Causes": ["Parietal lobe lesion"], "Effects": ["Oculomotor apraxia", "Optic ataxia", "Simultanagnosia"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cornea verticillata", "Synonyms": ["Vortex keratopathy"], "Causes": ["Fabry disease", "Amiodarone", "Chloroquine", "Hydroxychloroquine", "Indomethacin", "Phenothiazine"], "Effects": ["Corneal opacity"], "Parents": ["Corneal sign"], "Description": ["\"Fine golden opacities", "central whorl with branches\""]}
,{"Name": "Chlorambucil", "Parents": ["Alkylating agent", "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug"], "Treats": ["Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Short neck", "Causes": ["Klippel-Feil syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Adrenaline", "Synonyms": ["N-methylnoradrenaline", "Norepinephrine", "Epipen"], "Effects": ["Beta adrenergic stimulation"], "Parents": ["Catecholamine", "Respiratory drug"], "Treats": ["Anaphylaxis", "Cardiac arrest", "Epistaxis", "Asthma"], "Description": ["\"Adrenergic bronchodilator\""]}
,{"Name": "Neurological pathology", "Synonyms": ["Neurology pathology", "Neuropathology"], "Parents": ["Pathology", "Neurology"], "Children": ["Lower motor neurone lesion", "Upper motor neurone lesion", "Central nervous system pathology", "Spinal cord pathology", "Neurodegenerative disorder", "Neuritis", "Demyelination", "Pseudobulbar palsy", "Intracranial space occupying lesion", "Brain tumour", "Neurological tumour", "Brain herniation", "Cerebral atrophy", "Callosal agenesis", "Dural venous sinus tear"]}
,{"Name": "Palpebral oedema", "Causes": ["Trachoma"]}
,{"Name": "Psychiatric sign", "Parents": ["Psychiatry", "Examination sign"], "Children": ["Schneider first rank criterion", "Thought disturbance", "Hallucination", "Cognitive disturbance", "Lack of insight", "Dissociation", "Mood disturbance", "Disinhibition", "Tearfulness", "Altered sensorium"]}
,{"Name": "Cobalt", "Effects": ["Allergic contact dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Urinary tract tuberculosis", "Causes": ["Miliary tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Ureteric obstruction", "Struvite stone", "Sterile pyuria"], "Description": ["\"50% have normal CXR\nContraindicates renal transplant\""]}
,{"Name": "Cimetidine", "Synonyms": ["H2 receptor antagonist", "Tagamet"], "Effects": ["Gynaecomastia", "Impotence", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Drug fever", "Bowel irritation by drug"], "Parents": ["P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Gastrointestinal drug", "H2-antagonist"], "Description": ["\"Interactions\r\nopioids\r\ntricyclic antidepressants\r\nSSRI \r\nchloroquine\""]}
,{"Name": "TBX5 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Holt-Oram syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 12q24.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Methyldopa", "Synonyms": ["Methyl DOPA", "Alpha-methyldopa", "a-methyldopa", "Methyl-dopa", "?-methyldopa"], "Effects": ["Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Warm antibody haemolysis", "Drug-induced lupus", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Gynaecomastia", "Lichen planus", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Drug fever", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Noradrenaline blocker"], "Description": ["\"Causes false transmitter alpha-methyl-noradrenaline\""]}
,{"Name": "Varicella zoster virus", "Synonyms": ["VZV"], "Effects": ["Chickenpox", "Herpes zoster", "Oral ulcer", "Reye syndrome"], "Parents": ["Herpes virus", "Viral infections of skin"]}
,{"Name": "High riding testes", "Causes": ["Testicular torsion"]}
,{"Name": "Adenosine", "Effects": ["Chemical cardioversion", "Asystole", "Bronchoconstriction"], "Parents": ["Cardiac drug"], "Treats": ["Supraventricular tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia", "Causes": ["GLUT-1 mutation"], "Parents": ["Dystonia"]}
,{"Name": "Convulsion", "Synonyms": ["Tonic muscle contraction"], "Causes": ["Tetany", "Seizure"]}
,{"Name": "Puerperal period", "Causes": ["Childbirth"], "Effects": ["Lactation", "Depression", "Psychosis", "Amenorrhoea"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia", "Synonyms": ["CLL", "Chronic lymphatic leukaemia"], "Causes": ["Philadelphia chromosome"], "Effects": ["Lymphocytosis", "Antiplatelet antibody", "Warm antibody haemolysis", "Prolymphocytic transformation", "Richter syndrome", "Smear cells", "Hypophosphataemia", "Defective B-cell function"], "Parents": ["Lymphoid leukaemia", "Lymphoproliferative disorder"], "Children": ["Chronic B-cell leukaemia", "Chronic T-cell leukaemia"], "Treatments": ["Chlorambucil", "Radiotherapy"], "Description": ["\"99% CD5 positive B-cells\n>60-year old male\n25% asymptomatic\n7% develop haemolysis\nInitially does not require treatment.\""]}
,{"Name": "Fludrocortisone", "Parents": ["Mineralocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital rubella", "Effects": ["Patent ductus arteriosus", "Uveitis", "Congenital cataract", "Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Rubella", "Chronic glaucoma"]}
,{"Name": "Forceps", "Treats": ["Assisted delivery"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperphosphataemia", "Synonyms": ["High phosphate", "Elevated plasma phosphate"], "Causes": ["Bone metastasis", "Chronic renal failure", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Tumour lysis syndrome", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Cheese", "Metabolic acidosis", "Albright's osteodystrophy"], "Effects": ["Ectopic calcification", "Pseudogout", "Renal osteodystrophy", "Angioid streak"], "Parents": ["Electrolyte imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatic haemosiderosis", "Synonyms": ["Pearl stain black in liver"], "Causes": ["Alcoholic liver disease", "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis", "Hepatitis B", "Hepatitis C"], "Parents": ["Liver biopsy", "Haemosiderosis"]}
,{"Name": "47XXY", "Effects": ["Klinefelter syndrome"], "Parents": ["Chromosomal abnormalities"]}
,{"Name": "Saquinavir", "Parents": ["Protease inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Alcohol", "Synonyms": ["Ethanol", "EtOH", "Ethyl alcohol"], "Effects": ["Dehydration", "Acute gastritis", "Sinus tachycardia", "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Delirium", "Stupor", "Coma", "Alcoholism", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Toxic neuropathy", "Acute pancreatitis", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Impotence", "Hypertension", "Bowel irritation by drug", "Drug induced platelet production impairment", "High high density lipoprotein", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Hypoglycaemia", "Macrocytosis", "Hangover", "Migraine", "Anxiety disorder", "Toxic encephalopathy", "Premature birth", "Miscarriage", "Psychoactive substance use", "Conjunctival injection", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug", "Drink", "P450 enzyme inducer", "P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy", "Teratogenic drug"], "Children": ["Wine"]}
,{"Name": "Rosiglitazone", "Parents": ["Glitazone"]}
,{"Name": "Adhesion", "Causes": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Effects": ["Bowel obstruction", "Volvulus", "Small bowel obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Neurogenic bladder", "Synonyms": ["Atonic bladder"], "Causes": ["Cerebrovascular accident", "Parkinsonism", "Multiple sclerosis", "Spinal trauma", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Myelopathy", "Dorsal column lesion", "Multiple system atrophy", "S234 root lesion"], "Effects": ["Detrusor instability", "Urinary incontinence", "Detrusor Failure", "Bladder outflow obstruction", "Urge incontinence"], "Treatments": ["Antimuscarinic drug", "External sphincterotomy", "Urinary catheter"], "Description": ["\"Bladder outflow obstruction in neurogenic bladder is due to external shincter dysynergia.\""]}
,{"Name": "Dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum", "Causes": ["Cowden disease"], "Parents": ["Nervous system tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased seizure threshold", "Causes": ["Hyponatraemia", "Buproprion"], "Effects": ["Epileptic seizure"]}
,{"Name": "Paroxetine", "Parents": ["Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Papaverine", "Synonyms": ["Papaveretum"], "Parents": ["Vasodilator"]}
,{"Name": "Myeloperoxidase deficiency", "Effects": ["Defective phagocyte function"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Toxic psychosis", "Synonyms": ["Delirium"], "Effects": ["Psychosis"], "Parents": ["Organic mental disorder"], "Description": ["\"Delirium due to chemicals", "drugs", "toxins", "including those produced by the body itself.\n\nPrevention:\n1)Identify high risk patients in hospital:\n   - over 65 \n   - known cognitive impairment \n   - hip fracture \n   - severe illness\n\n2)Remove contributing factors ( constipation", "dehydration", "polypharmacy)", "40% of all cases of hospital delirium could be prevented.\n\nElderly with delirium have higher mortality (60% increase).\""]}
,{"Name": "Arterial embolus", "Synonyms": ["Arterial embolism"], "Causes": ["Systemic thromboembolisation", "Cardiac vegetation", "Angiographic procedure", "Ruptured atheroma", "Amniotic fluid embolism", "Aortic dissection", "Abdominal aortic aneurysm"], "Effects": ["Arterial occlusion", "Cerebral infarction", "Vertebrobasilar infarct", "Spinal cord infarction", "Bowel ischaemia", "Splenic infarction", "Limb ischaemia", "Renal emboli", "Avascular necrosis"], "Children": ["Aortic saddle embolism", "Cholesterol embolus"]}
,{"Name": "Corneal clouding", "Causes": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Intermittent claudication", "Synonyms": ["Angina cruris"], "Causes": ["Peripheral vascular disease", "Limb ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Claudication", "Cardiovascular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Third person auditory hallucination", "Parents": ["Auditory hallucination", "Schneider first rank criterion"]}
,{"Name": "Alpha thalassaemia", "Synonyms": ["?-thalassaemia", "Thalassaemia ?"], "Effects": ["Hydrops fetalis"], "Parents": ["Thalassaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Lignocaine", "Synonyms": ["Lidocaine"], "Effects": ["Acquired methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Local anaesthetic", "Class IB antiarrhythmic drug"], "Treats": ["Neuropathic pain"]}
,{"Name": "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Synonyms": ["Osteitis fibrosa cystica", "Von Recklinghausens disease of bone"], "Causes": ["Parathyroid adenoma", "Parathyroid hyperplasia", "Parathyroid carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Excess parathyroid hormone", "Nephrocalcinosis", "Subperiosteal bone resorption", "Bone cyst", "Osteitis fibrosa cystica", "Pathological fracture", "Pepper-pot skull", "Chondrocalcinosis", "Peptic ulcer", "Pancreatitis", "Depression", "Osteoporosis", "Osteomalacia", "Crystalline keratopathy", "Hypercalciuria"], "Parents": ["Hyperparathyroidism"], "Treatments": ["Parathyroidectomy"], "Description": ["\"CLINICALLY:\nBones", "Stones", "Moans & Abdominal groans! \n\nHISTOLOGY:\nBrown tumors - \nislands of osteobalsts in fibrous & hemorrhagic tissue.\n(Osteitis fibrosa cystica/Von Recklinghausens disease of bone)\n\nMANAGEMENT\nA. Asymptomatic & mild hypercalcemia:  \n  1)Avoid these which can cause rise in serum Ca+\n       -dehydration \n      - prolonged bed rest \n      - high calcium diet\n      - Lithium\n      - Thiazide\n\n    2)Vitamin D (500  units daily)  \n      Vitamin D deficiency stimulates PTH secretion.\n\n B. Symptomatic/moderate hypercalcemia\n     Parathyroidectomy\n     -if one  enlarged parathyroid(adenoma) is found", "it is removed.\n    - If 4 overactive glands(hyperplasia) are found", "3 1/2 are removed.\n\nHigh rate of cure = 94% \""]}
,{"Name": "Alkaptone deposition", "Synonyms": ["Alkapton deposition"], "Causes": ["Alkaptonuria"], "Description": ["\"Black pigmentation\""]}
,{"Name": "Caldwell-Luc radical antrostomy.", "Parents": ["ENT surgery"], "Treats": ["Sinusitis"], "Description": ["\"maxillary sinus is drained through an incision above the upper canine tooth\""]}
,{"Name": "Band Keratopathy", "Causes": ["Hypercalcaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome", "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Tertiary syphilis", "Synonyms": ["Latent syphilis"], "Causes": ["Syphilis"], "Effects": ["Gumma", "Oral ulcer"], "Description": ["\"Latent period lasts years\""]}
,{"Name": "Neck surgery", "Effects": ["Hypoparathyroidism", "Baroreceptor deafferentation syndrome"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Thyroidectomy", "Parathyroidectomy", "Superficial parotidectomy", "Total Parotidectomy", "Carotid endarterectomy", "Cricopharyngeal myotomy", "Laryngectomy"], "Treats": ["Warthin tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Autoimmune orthopaedic disease", "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease"], "Children": ["Ankylosing spondylitis"]}
,{"Name": "Micrographia", "Causes": ["Bradykinesia"]}
,{"Name": "Hexamethonium", "Effects": ["Apical lung fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Actinic Keratoses", "Effects": ["Squamous cell skin cancer", "Malignant transformation"], "Treatments": ["Aminolaevulanic acid", "5-fluorouracil"]}
,{"Name": "Pathological fracture", "Causes": ["Osteoporosis", "Osteolysis", "Osteomalacia", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Rickets", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Osteopetrosis", "Scurvy", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"], "Effects": ["Painless Fracture", "Recurrent fractures", "Hip fracture"], "Parents": ["Fracture", "Bone X-ray sign"], "Children": ["Lytic bone lesion", "Sclerotic bone lesion"], "Treatments": ["Radiotherapy", "Internal Fixation"], "Description": ["\"Fracture through abnormal bone\nOccurs after trivial trauma.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Purulent sputum", "Causes": ["Post-primary tuberculosis", "Bronchiectasis"], "Parents": ["Sputum"]}
,{"Name": "Carbonate", "Effects": ["Iron malabsorption"]}
,{"Name": "Radiating pain", "Causes": ["Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Sleep disorder", "Causes": ["Hepatic encephalopathy", "Uraemic encephalopathy", "Angelman syndrome", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Rapid eye movement sleep behavioural disorder", "Dravet syndrome"], "Parents": ["Vegetative function disturbance", "Neurotic disorder"], "Children": ["Insomnia", "Hypersomnia", "Sleep apnoea", "Nightmare", "Somnolescence", "Drowsiness", "Parasomnia"]}
,{"Name": "Inhaled epinephrine", "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"], "Treats": ["Parainfluenza virus"]}
,{"Name": "Proper footware", "Treats": ["Corn"]}
,{"Name": "Cavitating lung lesion", "Synonyms": ["Lung cavitation", "Pulmonary cavitating nodule"], "Causes": ["Lung abscess", "Squamous cell carcinoma of lung", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Rheumatoid nodule", "Mycetoma", "Pulmonary embolus", "Pulmonary sarcoidosis", "Pulmonary bulla", "Hydatid cyst", "Coccidioides immitis"], "Effects": ["Haemoptysis", "Aspergilloma"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Sarcoidosis", "Synonyms": ["Sarcoid"], "Causes": ["Type III polyglandular syndrome", "African origin"], "Effects": ["Non-caseating granuloma", "Pulmonary sarcoidosis", "Cutaneous sarcoidosis", "Ocular sarcoidosis", "Polyarthralgia", "Hypervitaminosis D", "Hepatomegaly", "Splenomegaly", "Noninfective meningitis", "Raised ESR", "Ectopic calcification", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Uveoparotid fever", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Eosinophilia", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Liver granuloma", "Paratracheal lymphadenopathy", "Positive Kveim test", "Positive Mantoux test", "Loefgren syndrome", "Myositis", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Cutis laxa", "Hyposplenism", "Hypercalcaemia", "Uveitis", "Fever of unknown origin", "Transverse myelitis", "Infiltrative cardiomyopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Fall on outstretched hand", "Effects": ["Colles fracture", "Clavicle Fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Yellow conjunctival nodule", "Causes": ["Pinguecula"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Leukocytosis", "Causes": ["Anaemia of blood loss"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Children": ["Neutrophilic leukocytosis", "Eosinophilia", "Basophilia", "Monocytosis", "Lymphocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["COMT inhibitor", "COMTI"], "Parents": ["Antidepressant"], "Children": ["Entacapone", "Tolcapone"], "Treats": ["Parkinsonism"]}
,{"Name": "Cellulitis", "Synonyms": ["Skin infection", "Cutaneous infection", "Soft tissue infection"], "Causes": ["Insect bite", "Group A streptococcus", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Leg ulcer"], "Effects": ["Erysipelas", "Scarring alopecia"], "Parents": ["Soft tissue infection", "Bacterial infections of skin"], "Children": ["Orbital cellulitis", "Ludwig angina"]}
,{"Name": "Lewy bodies in substantia nigra", "Synonyms": ["Degeneration of SNPC", "Alpha-synucleinopathy"], "Causes": ["Parkinson's disease", "Lewy body dementia", "Multiple system atrophy"], "Parents": ["Ubiquitin inclusion body", "Brain biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Balloon dilatation", "Treats": ["Pulmonary stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Obesity", "Synonyms": ["Fat habitus", "Overweight", "High body mass index", "Raised BMI"], "Causes": ["Weight gain", "Overeating", "Lack of exercise", "Alcoholism", "Depression", "Cushing syndrome", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Polygenic inheritance", "Familial combined hyperlipidaemia", "Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome", "Dercum disease", "Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism", "Albright's osteodystrophy"], "Effects": ["Insulin resistance", "Hypertension", "Thrombotic pulmonary embolus", "Cholelithiasis", "Osteoarthritis", "Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Pre-eclampsia", "Gestational diabetes", "Fetal macrosomia", "Steatosis", "Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Carcinoma of breast", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Carcinoma of thyroid", "Carcinoma of endometrium", "Stress incontinence", "Low testosterone", "High plasma urate", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Pickwickian syndrome", "Pseudocushings", "Shoulder dystocia", "Decreased breath sounds", "Neonatal mortality", "Varicose veins of leg", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Atherosclerosis", "Neural tube defect", "Congenital heart malformation", "Cleft palate", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Meralgia paraesthetica"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Treatments": ["Fenfluramine"]}
,{"Name": "Albinism and Neurolgical deficit", "Effects": ["Albinism", "Mental retardation", "Seizure", "Myotonia"], "Parents": ["Griscelli syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Adrenal adenoma", "Effects": ["Adrenal cortical hyperfunction", "High oestrogen", "Increased androgen secretion", "Conn syndrome"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Propionibacterium acnes", "Effects": ["Acne vulgaris"], "Parents": ["Gram positive bacillus", "Ureaplasma urealyticum"], "Description": ["\"able to synthesize propionic acid\ncommensals around sebaceous glands\""]}
,{"Name": "Metastasis", "Synonyms": ["Mets", "Metastatic disease", "Metastatic malignancy", "Seconadries"], "Causes": ["Malignancy"], "Effects": ["Hypoalbuminaemia", "Raised ESR", "Elevated VEGF", "Acute phase reaction", "Erythema gyratum repens", "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Hypokalaemia"], "Children": ["Disseminated cancer", "Lung metastasis", "Liver metastasis", "Bone metastasis", "Brain metastasis", "Peritoneal metastasis", "Secondary ovarian tumour", "Malignant infiltration of meninges", "Malignant infiltration of pericardium", "Ocular metastasis"]}
,{"Name": "Alkaline urine", "Causes": ["Decreased H ion excretion"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Flavoxate", "Synonyms": ["Urispas"], "Parents": ["Antimuscarinic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Psittacosis", "Synonyms": ["Ornithosis", "Psitticosis", "Parrot fever"], "Causes": ["Chlamydis psittaci infection", "Avian"], "Effects": ["Fever of unknown origin", "Erythema nodosum", "Horder's spots", "Infectious encephalitis", "Splenic response to infection", "Atypical pneumonia", "Bacterial endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["Tetracycline"], "Description": ["\"Caught by aspiration of bird-contaminated particles.\nIncubation period of 5\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd69 days\nSevere pneumonia requiring intensive-care support may occur.\""]}
,{"Name": "Fractionated heparin", "Synonyms": ["Low molecular weight heparin", "LMWH"], "Parents": ["Heparin"], "Treats": ["Acute coronary syndrome", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Pulmonary embolus"]}
,{"Name": "Paresis", "Synonyms": ["Paralysis"], "Effects": ["Prolonged immobilisation"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Spastic paralysis", "Flaccid paralysis", "Muscle weakness", "Contralateral hemiplegia", "Quadriplegia", "Paraplegia", "Conversion disorder", "Hysteria", "Compartment syndrome", "Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchodilation", "Causes": ["Beta adrenergic stimulation", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Sympathomimetic", "Leukotriene antagonist"]}
,{"Name": "Cushing syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Cushingoid facies"], "Causes": ["Corticosteroid", "Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion", "Adrenal cortical hyperfunction", "Adrenocorticotrophic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma", "Pseudocushings", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"], "Effects": ["Moon face", "Atrophic skin", "Hirsutism", "Obesity", "Supraclavicular fat pad", "Centripetal fat distribution", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Abdominal striae", "Fragile blood vessel", "Hyperglycaemia", "Impaired glucose tolerance", "Osteoporosis", "Proximal myopathy", "Peptic ulcer", "Depression", "Endocrine fluid retention", "Immunosuppression", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Hypokalaemia", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Acquired cataract", "Chemosis", "Metabolic alkalosis", "Plethoric face"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"], "Treatments": ["Cabergoline", "Adrenalectomy", "Hypophysectomy"], "Description": ["\"high cortisol\n\nManagment\n1)Medication associated Cushings:\n    -stop medication\n    -needs gradual tapering\n \n2)Adrenal associated Cushings\n   -Adenoma - Remove adenoma\n   -Hyperplasia - bilateral adrenalectomy\n   -Cabergoline \n\n3)Pitutiary associated cushings\n   -Subtotal hypophysectomy OR\n   -Radiotherapy\""]}
,{"Name": "Shortened fifth metacarpal", "Synonyms": ["Shortened fifth digit", "5th finger clinodactyly", "Fifth finger clinodactyly"], "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Trisomy 22", "Trisomy 9", "Albright's osteodystrophy", "Williams syndrome", "Russell-Silver syndrome"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Dumping syndrome", "Causes": ["Short bowel syndrome", "Food"], "Effects": ["Hot flush"]}
,{"Name": "Absent arterial pulse", "Causes": ["Limb ischaemia", "Buerger disease", "Coarctation of the aorta"], "Parents": ["Pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "Coal tar", "Effects": ["Photosensitivity dermatitis"], "Parents": ["Carcinogen"], "Treats": ["Psoriasis", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Prurigo nodularis"]}
,{"Name": "Marrow normoblastosis", "Causes": ["Haemolytic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Biotin", "Synonyms": ["Vitamin B7"], "Parents": ["Vitamin"], "Treats": ["Biotinidase deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Prolonged prothrombin time", "Causes": ["Clotting factor deficiency", "Vitamin K deficiency"], "Parents": ["Haematological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Darier disease", "Synonyms": ["Darrier disease", "Darier White disease", "Darier's disease"], "Causes": ["ATP2A2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Palmar pitting", "V-shaped nail defects", "Greasy yellow papules", "Koebner phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Disorder of keratinsation", "Congenital skin disease"], "Treatments": ["Isotretinoin"], "Description": ["\"Locus 12q24.11\n\nDisorder of keratinisation.\nLack desmosomes- the junction that binds cells together. \nKeratinization occurs more frequently in seborrhoeic areas\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Flat affect", "Synonyms": ["Loss of affect", "Flatness of affect"], "Causes": ["Depression", "Schizophrenia", "Vascular dementia"], "Parents": ["Mood disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Shapiro syndrome", "Effects": ["Hypothermia", "Callosal agenesis"]}
,{"Name": "Oligaemic lung fields", "Synonyms": ["Pulmonary oligaemia", "Decreased pulmonary vascular markings"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary stenosis", "Tetralogy of Fallot"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal haemangioblastoma", "Causes": ["Von Hippel-Lindau disease"], "Effects": ["Blot haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Nervous system tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Multi-organ failure", "Synonyms": ["Multiple organ failure"], "Causes": ["Liver failure"]}
,{"Name": "Prion", "Effects": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"]}
,{"Name": "Paroxysmal hemicrania", "Parents": ["Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia"], "Treatments": ["Indomethacin"], "Description": ["\"5-30 mins", "10 per day\""]}
,{"Name": "Splenic infarction", "Causes": ["Chronic myeloid leukaemia", "Arterial embolus", "Splenic vein thrombosis"], "Effects": ["Hyposplenism", "Autosplenectomy", "Acute abdominal pain"]}
,{"Name": "Ventricular tachycardia", "Synonyms": ["VT"], "Effects": ["Stokes-Adams attack", "Sinusoidal ECG", "Atrioventricular dissociation", "Cannon waves", "Fusion beats", "Ventricular fibrillation"], "Parents": ["Cardiac arrest", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Children": ["Torsades de pointes"], "Treatments": ["Implantable defibrillator", "Defibrillation", "Radiofrequency catheter ablation"], "Description": ["\"Rx shock if compromised\nOtherwise amiodarone or lignocaine\nIf known good LV", "then procainamide or sotalol\nIf tricyclic implicated", "then intravenous bicarbonate\""]}
,{"Name": "Sleep paralysis", "Causes": ["Narcolepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Rhinitis", "Causes": ["Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Nasal polyp"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired low C4", "Causes": ["Cryoglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Acquired complement deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired low C3", "Causes": ["Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis", "IgA nephropathy"], "Effects": ["Capsulated organism"], "Parents": ["Acquired complement deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Chromosome 9 mutation", "Effects": ["Friedrich ataxia", "Torsion dystonia"], "Parents": ["Chromosome mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans", "Causes": ["Lyme disease"], "Parents": ["Acrodermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Exposure to sunlight", "Effects": ["Pinguecula"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Absent JVP a-wave", "Causes": ["Atrial fibrillation"], "Parents": ["Jugular venous pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Richter syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Transformation to aggressive lymphoma"], "Causes": ["Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"], "Effects": ["Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"], "Description": ["\"10% of CLL develop this\""]}
,{"Name": "Thyroid Crisis", "Causes": ["Thyrotoxicosis"], "Effects": ["Sinus tachycardia", "Psychosis", "Hyperthermia"], "Description": ["\"Hyperthyroid crisis is most often seen in a thyrotoxic patient with intercurrent illness", "trauma or emergency surgery.\""]}
,{"Name": "Ventricular aneurysm", "Causes": ["Myocardial infarction"], "Effects": ["Ruptured ventricular aneurysm", "Systemic thromboembolisation"], "Parents": ["Aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Phenylketonuria", "Synonyms": ["PKU", "Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency", "Folling's disease"], "Causes": ["PAH gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Phenylpyruvate in urine", "Cerebral lesion", "Behavioural change", "Seizure", "Musty breath odour", "Dermatitis", "Congenital dislocation of hip", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes"], "Parents": ["Aminoacidopathies", "Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Treatments": ["Guthrie test", "Protein restriction", "Tyrosine"], "Description": ["\"Phenylalanine dehydroxylase gene mutation\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Oral contraceptive pill", "Synonyms": ["Oral contraception", "OCP", "Oral contraceptive"], "Effects": ["Breast pain", "Weight gain", "Mid-cycle bleeding", "High oestrogen", "Folic acid malabsorption", "Hypertension", "Erythema nodosum", "Acute pancreatitis", "Cholelithiasis", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Vitamin C deficiency", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Crohn's disease", "Cholasma", "Carcinoma of breast", "Hepatic vein thrombosis", "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Contraception", "Drug that decreases effect of warfarin", "Drug metabolised by P450 enzymes", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Treats": ["Acne vulgaris", "Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Amenorrhoea", "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding"]}
,{"Name": "Maturity-onset diabetes of the young", "Synonyms": ["MODY"], "Parents": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Glucokinase mutation\nChromosome 7q\""]}
,{"Name": "Adrenal cortical hyperfunction", "Causes": ["Adrenal adenoma", "Adrenal hyperplasia", "Adrenal carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Cushing syndrome", "Conn syndrome", "Hyperaldosteronism", "Increased androgen secretion", "Dexamethasone suppression fails"]}
,{"Name": "Hypertelorism", "Synonyms": ["Increased intraocular distance", "Wide-set eyes", "Widely spaced eyes"], "Causes": ["Cretinism", "Down syndrome", "Trisomy 9", "Cri-du-chat syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Childhood", "Effects": ["Congenital disease", "Acquired childhood disease"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Menke syndrome", "Causes": ["ATP7A gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Corkscrew hair", "Coarse skin", "Bony spurs", "Seizure"], "Parents": ["X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease", "Neurodegenerative disorder"], "Description": ["\"Derangement in copper Transport. \nLow copper levels.\nDeficiency in copper dependant mitochondrial enzymes.\nFatal within the first few years of life. \n\nATP7A gene located on X chromosome \""]}
,{"Name": "Congenital endocrine disorder", "Parents": ["Congenital disease"], "Children": ["Panhypopituitarism", "Pseudohypoparathyroidism", "Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism"]}
,{"Name": "Griscelli syndrome", "Causes": ["MLPH gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Albinism", "Silvery hair", "Hepatomegaly", "Splenomegaly", "Neutropenia", "Thrombocytopenia", "Recurrent infection"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Children": ["Albinism and Neurolgical deficit", "Partial albinism and immunodeficiency syndrome", "Elejalde syndrome"], "Description": ["\" MLPH gene mutation\""]}
,{"Name": "Tympanoplasty", "Parents": ["ENT surgery"], "Treats": ["Chronic suppurative otitis media"]}
,{"Name": "Rabies", "Synonyms": ["Rhabdovirus"], "Effects": ["Drooling", "Pseudobulbar palsy", "Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus", "Notifiable disease", "Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation", "Intravenous immunoglobulin"]}
,{"Name": "Morphine", "Effects": ["Delirium"], "Parents": ["Opiate"]}
,{"Name": "Post concussional syndromne", "Effects": ["Neurological mental disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Hand pain", "Causes": ["Rheumatoid arthritis", "Osteoarthritis", "Hand-foot syndrome", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Chilblains"], "Parents": ["Pain"]}
,{"Name": "Juxtaductal coarctation", "Synonyms": ["Adult coarctation", "Adult type coarctation", "Postductal coarctation"], "Causes": ["Bicuspid aortic valve", "Patent ductus arteriosus"], "Parents": ["Coarctation of the aorta"]}
,{"Name": "Mastoidectomy", "Parents": ["ENT surgery"], "Treats": ["Chronic suppurative otitis media", "Chronic mastoiditis"]}
,{"Name": "Class II antiarrhythmic drug", "Effects": ["Negative inotropic effect"], "Parents": ["Antiarrhythmic drug"], "Children": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Reduced vocal range", "Causes": ["Laryngeal nodule"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Pinguecula", "Causes": ["Exposure to sunlight", "Gaucher disease"], "Effects": ["Yellow conjunctival nodule"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Description": ["\"Collagen degeneration of conjunctiva.\nYellow deposit on the conjunctiva adjacent to the limbus (the junction between the cornea and sclera). \nRequires no treatment.\n\nLatin word \"pinguis\" for fat \""]}
,{"Name": "Hunner's ulcer", "Causes": ["Interstitial cystitis"]}
,{"Name": "Drusen", "Causes": ["Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pineal tumour", "Effects": ["Parinaud syndrome"], "Parents": ["Brain tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Antithrombin III loss", "Causes": ["Nephrotic syndrome"], "Effects": ["Acquired hypercoagulable state"]}
,{"Name": "Rigler sign", "Synonyms": ["Double-wall sign", "Bas-relief sign"], "Causes": ["Pneumoperitoneum"], "Parents": ["Abdominal X-ray sign"], "Description": ["\"Visualisation of outer bowel surface\""]}
,{"Name": "Bovine cough", "Causes": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy", "Jugular foramen syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cough"]}
,{"Name": "Premature birth", "Synonyms": ["Pre-term labor"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking", "Alcohol", "Drug abuse", "Multiple birth", "in-vitro fertilsation", "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Pre-eclampsia", "Placenta praevia", "Abruptio placentae", "Cholestasis of pregnancy", "Congenital malformation"], "Effects": ["Low birth weight", "Neonatal respiratory distress", "Perinatal hypoxia", "Cerebral palsy", "Mental retardation", "Decreased visual acuity", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Pulmonary haemorrhage", "Hypoglycaemia", "Kernicterus", "Vitamin E deficiency", "Neonatal hypoxia", "Neonatal mortality", "Congenital deafness"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy", "Complication of childbirth"], "Description": ["\"Before 37 weeks\n\nViability = 24 weeks gestation. \nThe cutoff point for when doctors will use intensive care to save baby \n\nLikelihood of survival:\n24 weeks =39%\n25 weeks =50%\n26 weeks =80%\n27 weeks =90%\n28-31 weeks=90-95%\n32-33 weeks=95%\n34+ weeks = Like a full term baby\n\nIncidence:\n10% in developed countries \n25% in developing countries\n \""]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary angioedema", "Synonyms": ["C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency"], "Causes": ["SERPING1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Angioedema", "Low C2", "Low C4"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Congenital skin disease"]}
,{"Name": "Haemothorax", "Causes": ["Thoracic trauma", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Mallory-Weiss tear", "Thoracic surgery", "Central line"], "Effects": ["Bloody pleural effusion"], "Parents": ["Pleural effusion"]}
,{"Name": "Evan syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Evan's syndrome"], "Effects": ["Warm antibody haemolysis", "Antiplatelet antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Rotor syndrome", "Effects": ["Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia", "Hepatocellular jaundice", "Kernicterus"], "Parents": ["Bilurubin metabolism disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Synonyms": ["Microangiopathy", "MAHA"], "Causes": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Intravascular thrombus formation", "Malignant hypertension", "HELLP syndrome", "Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome", "Mucinous carcinoma", "Cyclosporin", "Cisplatin", "Mitomicin", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Scleroderma renal crisis", "Burn"], "Effects": ["Schistocytosis", "Decreased platelet survival"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Chloroform", "Effects": ["Hepatocellular jaundice"]}
,{"Name": "MEN II", "Synonyms": ["Type II multiple endocrine neoplasia", "MEN-2", "MEN-2A", "MEN 2A", "Sipple syndrome"], "Causes": ["c-ret oncogene mutation"], "Effects": ["Medullary thyroid cancer", "Parathyroid adenoma", "Phaeochromocytoma"], "Parents": ["Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal arterial bruit", "Synonyms": ["Abdominal bruit"], "Causes": ["Renal artery stenosis", "Alcoholic hepatitis", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Liver metastasis", "Atherosclerosis", "Abdominal aortic aneurysm", "Aortic aneurysm"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Dissociative fugue", "Synonyms": ["Fugue state"], "Parents": ["Dissociation", "Dissociative disorder"], "Description": ["\"The person suddenly can\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt remember who they are and has no memory of their past. \nDon\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt realise they are experiencing memory loss and may invent a new identity.\nLasts between hours and months\n\""]}
,{"Name": "High sweat sodium", "Causes": ["Cystic fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital Giant Naevus", "Effects": ["Malignant transformation"], "Parents": ["Benign melanoma", "Congenital skin disease"], "Description": ["\"   - present since birth\n   - may occupy very large areas of the body", "- usually hairy\n   - Pre-cancerous  10% \""]}
,{"Name": "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Synonyms": ["IBD"], "Causes": ["Selective IgA deficiency", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Diarrhoea", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Uveitis", "Scleritis", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Inflammatory bowel associated arthritis", "Fingernail clubbing", "Erythema nodosum", "Erythema multiforme", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Monocytosis", "Positive a-ANCA", "Positive p-ANCA", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Fever of unknown origin", "Fever", "Total parenteral nutrition"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune bowel disease", "Lower gastrointestinal pathology", "Inflammatory disease"], "Children": ["Crohn's disease", "Ulcerative colitis"], "Description": ["\"Relapsing remitting\nbimodal distribution\""]}
,{"Name": "Anorexia nervosa", "Effects": ["Anorexia", "Constipation", "Amenorrhoea", "Vitamin D deficiency", "Decreased folic acid intake", "Inadequate iron intake", "Decreased vitamin B12 intake", "Distorted body image", "Low self-esteem", "Suicidal ideation", "Short stature", "Chilblains", "Hypercatabolic state", "High urinary Potassium", "Re-feeding syndrome"], "Parents": ["Eating disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Methotrexate", "Synonyms": ["MTX"], "Effects": ["Drug toxic to lung", "Macrocytosis", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Ototoxicity"], "Parents": ["Folate antagonist drug", "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug", "Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Psoriasis", "Psoriatic arthropathy", "Dermatomyositis", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia", "Mycosis fungoides", "Choriocarcinoma"], "Description": ["\"10% of chronic users develop pulmonary sideffects\""]}
,{"Name": "Mallory-Weiss tear", "Causes": ["Repeated vomiting", "Hyperemesis gravidarum"], "Effects": ["Haemothorax", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology"], "Description": ["\"Mucosal laceration at the gastroesophageal junction\nCaused by: severe retching /vomiting\n\""]}
,{"Name": "High aluminium", "Causes": ["Haemodialysis"], "Effects": ["Positive desferrioxamine stimulation test", "Renal osteodystrophy", "Alzheimer disease"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Hot water bottle", "Effects": ["Erythema ab igne"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Treats": ["Cold weather"]}
,{"Name": "Heel spur", "Effects": ["Foot pain"]}
,{"Name": "Absent radial pulse", "Synonyms": ["Radioradial delay", "Radio-radial delay"], "Causes": ["Coarctation of the aorta", "Thoracic outlet obstruction", "Takayasu arteritis", "Temporal arteritis", "Ascending aortic aneurysm", "Blalock-Taussig shunt", "Limb ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "Blocked CSF drainage", "Causes": ["Posterior fossa space occupying lesion", "Intracranial space occupying lesion"], "Effects": ["Raised intracranial pressure", "Hydrocephalus"], "Parents": ["Brain surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Pinworm", "Effects": ["Lower gastrointestinal bleed"], "Parents": ["Gut parasite"]}
,{"Name": "Shivering", "Causes": ["Fever", "Hypothermia", "Rigor"], "Parents": ["Constitutional symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Borrelia infection", "Effects": ["Vincent angina", "Lyme disease"], "Parents": ["Spirochaete infection"], "Children": ["Lyme disease", "Borrelia vincenti"]}
,{"Name": "Gabapentin", "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug", "GABA-A receptor agonist"], "Treats": ["Neuropathic pain"]}
,{"Name": "Cyclosporin", "Synonyms": ["Ciclosporin", "Cyclosporin A", "CyA"], "Effects": ["High plasma urate", "Hypertrichosis", "Hirsutism", "Cholestasis", "Gum hyperplasia", "Physiological tremor", "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Digoxin toxicity", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Hypertension", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Calcineurin inhibitor", "Drug metabolised by P450 enzymes", "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug"], "Treats": ["Lichen planus", "Ulcerative colitis", "Behcet disease"]}
,{"Name": "Sun exposure", "Effects": ["Photosensitivity", "Malignant melanoma", "Cholasma", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Rheumatic myocarditis", "Effects": ["First degree atrioventricular block"], "Parents": ["Myocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "POEMS syndrome", "Causes": ["Anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibody"], "Effects": ["Organomegaly", "Myeloma", "Endocrine autoimmune disease", "Paraproteinaemia", "Peripheral neuropathy", "Coarse hair", "Elevated VEGF"]}
,{"Name": "Unterverricht lundborg disease", "Effects": ["Progressive myoclonic epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Tetralogy of Fallot", "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "DiGeorge syndrome", "Alagille syndrome", "Velocardiofacial syndrome"], "Effects": ["Congenital pulmonary stenosis", "Ventricular septal defect", "Right ventricular hypertrophy", "Right to left shunt", "Overriding aorta", "Squatting", "Failure to thrive", "Oligaemic lung fields", "Boot-shaped heart", "Right bundle branch block"], "Parents": ["Cyanotic congenital heart disease"], "Treatments": ["Blalock-Taussig shunt"]}
,{"Name": "Herpes simplex type I", "Effects": ["Cold sore", "Oesophagitis"], "Parents": ["Herpes simplex virus"]}
,{"Name": "Transitional cell carcinoma of urinary tract", "Effects": ["Sterile pyuria"]}
,{"Name": "Physiotherapy", "Parents": ["Treatment"], "Treats": ["Cerebrovascular accident", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Multiple sclerosis", "Bronchiectasis", "Intervertebral disc herniation", "Scheuermann kyphosis"]}
,{"Name": "Psychological problem", "Synonyms": ["Psychopathology"], "Children": ["Hysteria", "Personality disorder", "Restlessness"]}
,{"Name": "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Synonyms": ["Aspergillus fumigatum"], "Effects": ["Asthma", "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis", "Aspergilloma", "Invasive aspergillosis", "Keratomycosis"], "Parents": ["Aspergillus"], "Treatments": ["Amphotericin B", "Itraconazole", "Caspofungin"]}
,{"Name": "U-wave", "Synonyms": ["U wave"], "Causes": ["Hypokalaemia"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Osteolysis", "Synonyms": ["Increased osteoclastic activity"], "Causes": ["Bone metastasis", "Myeloma", "PTH-related protein secretion", "Paget disease", "Osteoclastoma", "Tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Adult T-cell lymphoma"], "Effects": ["Hypercalcaemia", "Lytic bone lesion", "Pathological fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Prophylactic immunisation", "Synonyms": ["Vaccination", "Immunisation"], "Effects": ["Fever", "Minimal change glomerulonephritis", "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis"], "Treats": ["Diptheria", "Pertussis", "Tetanus", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Epiglottitis", "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Meningitis", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Typhoid fever", "Cholera", "Influenza virus", "Measles", "Mumps", "Rubella", "Poliovirus", "Rabies", "Variola virus", "Hepatitis A", "Hepatitis B", "Rotavirus", "Yellow fever", "Malaria", "Schistosomiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Chromosome mutation", "Parents": ["Mutation"], "Children": ["Chromosome 6 mutation", "Chromosome 9 mutation", "Chromosome 17 mutation", "Chromosome 20 mutation", "Chromosome 22 mutation", "Chromosome 5 mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Skin colour", "Synonyms": ["Skin color"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Children": ["Pallor", "Jaundice", "Hyperpigmentation", "Hypopigmented skin", "Slate-grey skin pigmentation", "Blue-grey skin pigmentation", "Green skin", "Fair skin", "Ruddy complexion", "Plethoric face", "Cyanosis", "Differential cyanosis", "Uraemic frost", "Cholasma"]}
,{"Name": "Scrotal dermatitis", "Causes": ["Vitamin B2 deficiency"], "Parents": ["Dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Myxoid degeneration", "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Rheumatic fever", "Atrial septal defect", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"], "Effects": ["Mitral valve prolapse", "Pectus excavatum", "Scoliosis"]}
,{"Name": "Osmotic lysis test", "Causes": ["Hereditary spherocytosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\"Rx splenectomy\""]}
,{"Name": "Type III cryoglobulinaemia", "Synonyms": ["Polyclonal cryoglobulinaemia"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid disease", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Hepatitis C"], "Parents": ["Cryoglobulinaemia", "Serum electrophoresis"]}
,{"Name": "Limb kinetic apraxia", "Synonyms": ["Impaired gesture copying"], "Parents": ["Apraxia"], "Description": ["\"Often contralateral to lesion.\nPatient cannot copy meaningless gestures\""]}
,{"Name": "Ringworm infection", "Synonyms": ["Tinea infection"], "Parents": ["Fungal infection", "Contagious disease", "Childhood infections"], "Children": ["Tinea capitis", "Tinea cruris", "Tinea pedis"]}
,{"Name": "Strabismus", "Synonyms": ["Squint"], "Causes": ["Craniosynostosis"], "Effects": ["Diplopia", "Amblyopia"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign", "Ophthalmoplegia"], "Children": ["Acquired strabismus", "Congenital strabismus"], "Treatments": ["Botulinum toxin"]}
,{"Name": "Shield chest", "Synonyms": ["Broad chest"], "Causes": ["Turner syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatorenal syndrome", "Causes": ["Liver failure"], "Effects": ["Acute kidney injury"], "Description": ["\"Renal failure in liver disease where are no intrinsic renal disturbances.\n\n Kidney function improves if hepatic failure is reversed\n\n Mechanism- \n    -Initially a decrease in renal perfusion due to reduction in circulating blood volume\n    -Followed by intense vasoconstriction (elevated renin & aldosterone)\n\n Precipitating factors\n    - too rapid diuresis in a pt. with liver failure     \n    - too rapid paracentesis\n    - severe GI bleed  from varices\n     - sepsis\n\n Urine- \n    - Normal or hyperosmolar\n   -  Very low urinary Na+\n   -  No sediments or casts\""]}
,{"Name": "Bence Jones proteinuria", "Synonyms": ["Light chain proteinuria"], "Causes": ["Myeloma"], "Effects": ["Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Distal renal tubule acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-GalC antibody", "Causes": ["Mycoplasma pneumoniae"], "Effects": ["Guillain-Barre syndrome"], "Parents": ["Anti-glycolipid antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Faecal contamination of food", "Synonyms": ["Fecal contamination of food", "Faeces in food", "Faeco-oral route"], "Effects": ["Food poisoning", "Rotavirus", "Norovirus", "Hepatitis A", "Poliovirus", "Typhoid fever", "Cholera", "Shigellosis", "Clostridium difficile", "Giardiasis", "Amoebiasis"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Somatostatin secretion", "Causes": ["Neuroendocrine tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Granuloma", "Synonyms": ["Granulomatous inflammation", "Granulomatous disease"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Non-caseating granuloma", "Caseating granuloma", "Midline granuloma", "Liver granuloma", "Ocular granuloma"]}
,{"Name": "Manoeuvre", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Children": ["Heimlich manoeuvre", "Epley manoeuvre", "Sellick manoeuvre", "Valsalva manoevure", "Semont manoeuvre", "Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre", "Kocher's manoeuvre"], "Description": ["\"To treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo  \nAllow free floating particles from the affected semicircular canal to be relocated", "using gravity", "back into the utricle", "where they can no longer stimulate the cupula", "therefore relieving the patient of bothersome vertigo\""]}
,{"Name": "Repeated vomiting", "Synonyms": ["Paroxysmal vomiting", "Continuous vomiting"], "Causes": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Pyloric stenosis", "Congenital pyloric stenosis", "Hyperemesis gravidarum", "Small bowel obstruction", "Bulimia nervosa", "Paroxysmal coughing"], "Effects": ["Gut electrolyte loss", "Hypochloraemia", "Metabolic alkalosis", "Mallory-Weiss tear", "Rupture of oesophagus", "Musculoskeletal chest pain"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Foville syndrome", "Effects": ["Facial nerve palsy", "Conjugate gaze paresis"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Pontine lesion\""]}
,{"Name": "Extinction", "Synonyms": ["Unilateral extinction"], "Causes": ["Neglect syndrome"], "Parents": ["Visual field loss"]}
,{"Name": "Clostridium botulinum", "Synonyms": ["Clostridium botulinum"], "Causes": ["Cooked meat"], "Effects": ["Botulinum toxin", "Bacterial gastroenteritis"], "Parents": ["Clostridium", "Notifiable disease"]}
,{"Name": "Fluoxetine", "Synonyms": ["Prozac"], "Parents": ["Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Anticonvulsant drug", "Synonyms": ["Anticonvulsant", "Anti-epileptic", "Antiepileptic agent", "AED", "Antiepileptic drug"], "Effects": ["Malaise"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Phenytoin", "Benzodiazepine", "Barbiturate", "Valproate", "Carbamazepine", "Vigabatrin", "Gabapentin", "Lamotrigine", "Topiramate", "Acetazolamide", "Levetiracetam", "Trimethadione", "Bromide", "Felbamate", "Tiagabine", "Pregabalin", "Pyrrolidine", "Succinimide", "Zonisamide"], "Treats": ["Primary generalised epilepsy", "Sturge-Weber syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "SLC7A9 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Cystinuria"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 2\""]}
,{"Name": "Exclamation mark hair", "Causes": ["Alopecia areata", "Telogen effluvium"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Polyp", "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"], "Children": ["Colonic polyp", "Small bowel polyp", "Endometrial polyp", "Nasal polyp", "Bronchial polyp"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary hypoplasia", "Causes": ["Oligohydramnios"], "Effects": ["Neonatal hypoxia"], "Parents": ["Thoracic malformations"]}
,{"Name": "ANK1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Hereditary spherocytosis"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 8p11.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Roth spots", "Causes": ["Infective endocarditis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Anaemia", "Leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Nitric oxide inhalation", "Treats": ["Meconium aspiration"]}
,{"Name": "Streptococcus bovis", "Causes": ["Colorectal carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Right-sided bacterial endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Streptococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer", "Synonyms": ["Lynch syndrome"], "Causes": ["HNPCC gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Cancers due to gene mutation"], "Parents": ["Colorectal carcinoma"], "Description": ["\"80 percent risk of developing colon or rectal cancer\naccounts for 15% of colon cancer.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Septate Uterus", "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "High ammonia", "Causes": ["Liver failure"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Ostium secundum atrial septal defect", "Synonyms": ["Secundum ASD"], "Causes": ["Holt-Oram syndrome", "Lutembacher syndrome"], "Effects": ["Right axis deviation"], "Parents": ["Atrial septal defect"]}
,{"Name": "Iris sign", "Synonyms": ["Uveal sign"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Children": ["Hyperpigmented iris", "Iridodonesis", "Heterochromia of iris", "Rubeosis iridis", "Brushfield spot"]}
,{"Name": "Fundoplication", "Parents": ["Bowel surgery"], "Treats": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"]}
,{"Name": "Interpenetration of themes", "Parents": ["Positive formal thought disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Mucocutaneous petaechiae", "Synonyms": ["Bleeding of mucous membrane"], "Causes": ["Systemic amyloidosis"], "Parents": ["Petechial rash"]}
,{"Name": "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Synonyms": ["RPF"], "Causes": ["Methysergide", "Methyldopa", "Bromocriptine", "Practolol", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Irradiation", "Disseminated cancer", "Lymphoma", "Uterine cancer", "Actinomyces", "Tuberculosis", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Atherosclerosis"], "Effects": ["Ureteric obstruction", "Raised ESR", "High C-reactive protein", "Hypertension", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Hydrocoele", "Sterile inflammation"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal pathology", "Fibrosis"], "Treatments": ["Ureteric stent insertion", "Ureterolysis", "Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Loose skin", "Causes": ["Cutis laxa"]}
,{"Name": "Cinnamon", "Parents": ["Carminative"]}
,{"Name": "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Synonyms": ["IBS"], "Causes": ["Emotional stress", "Travellers' diarrhoea", "Female gender"], "Effects": ["Diarrhoea", "Constipation", "Bloating", "Mucus in stool", "Incomplete evacuation", "Dysmenorrhoea", "Visceral hypersensitivity", "Dysuria", "Urinary frequency", "Chronic abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"], "Treatments": ["High fibre diet", "Tetracycline", "Probiotics", "Antispasmodic drug", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "5-HT3 antagonist"], "Description": ["\"Unexplained symptoms relating to  disturbance of  colon \n\n50%  - start of symptoms relate to a major life event\n20% - start of  symptoms relate to acute gastroenteritis\n\nPathogenesis:\n1)brain-gut axis theory: \n    serotonin a 'neurotransmitter' in bowel & brain. \n   ? abnormal signals transmitted between gut and brain\n\n2)small intestinal bacterial overgrowth:\n    population of bowel with inappropriate bacteria.\n\nDiet: Restrict\n -Dairy products \n -cauliflower", "broccoli", "cabbage", "-Fatty or fried foods\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Neuromyotonia", "Synonyms": ["Isaacs disease"], "Causes": ["Morvan syndrome", "Neuromyotonia congenita"], "Parents": ["Neurophysiological investigation", "Autoimmune neurological disease"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital muscular dystrophy", "Synonyms": ["CMD"], "Effects": ["Floppy baby syndrome", "Contractures", "Inability to walk", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation"], "Parents": ["Hereditary muscular dystrophy", "Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Children": ["Ulrich muscular dystrophy", "Walker-Warburg dystrophy", "Fukuyama muscular dystrophy"], "Description": ["\"Severe proximal muscle weakness at birth.\nMay not be progressive.\nCMD subtypes grouped by gene in which  mutation occurs.\nPrognosis depends on subtypes. Walker-Walburg die in first two yrs of life.\""]}
,{"Name": "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease", "Parents": ["Congenital metabolic disease", "Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Children": ["Aminoacidopathies", "Lysosomal storage disorder", "Bilurubin metabolism disorder", "Renal metabolic disorder", "Albinism", "Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency", "5-alpha-reductase deficiency", "Aromatic acid decarboxylase deficiency", "Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome", "Biotinidase deficiency", "Dysbetalipopriteinaemia", "Fructosaemia", "Galactosaemia", "Primary haemochromatosis", "Hartnup disease", "Hereditary organic acidosis", "21-hydroxylase deficiency", "Familial hypercalciuric hypercalcaemia", "Hypophosphatasia", "Congenital methaemoglobinemia", "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency", "NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency", "Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency", "Pyrimidine-5-nucleotidase deficiency", "Refsum disease", "Tangier disease", "Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency", "Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Ejection systolic murmur", "Synonyms": ["ESM", "Eject systolic murmur"], "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis", "Aortic sclerosis", "High cardiac output state", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Coarctation of the aorta", "Pulmonary stenosis", "Pulmonary flow murmur"], "Effects": ["Systolic thrill"], "Parents": ["Systolic murmur"], "Description": ["\"Delayed in severe AS\""]}
,{"Name": "Antihypertensive drug", "Effects": ["Vasovagal reflex", "Impotence", "Postural hypotension"], "Parents": ["Vascular drug", "Drug"], "Children": ["Diuretic", "Vasodilator", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Noradrenaline blocker", "Ganglion blocker"], "Treats": ["Aortic aneurysm", "Intracerebral haemorrhage", "Adult polycystic kidney disease"]}
,{"Name": "Fetal tachycardia", "Causes": ["Perinatal hypoxia", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Umblical cord prolapse", "Uterine rupture", "Multiple birth", "Anticholinergic drug", "Sympathomimetic", "Hydrops fetalis"], "Effects": ["Perinatal hypoxia", "Miscarriage", "Fetal heart failure"], "Parents": ["Obstetric sign"], "Treatments": ["Digoxin", "Verapamil", "Flecainide"], "Description": ["\"Fetal Heart Rate >160 bpm\n70%  supraventricular\nIncidence 2%\""]}
,{"Name": "Electrolyte imbalance", "Synonyms": ["Electrolyte abnormality"], "Effects": ["Sinus tachycardia", "Organic mood disorder"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Children": ["Hypernatraemia", "Hypokalaemia", "Hyperkalaemia", "Hypocalcaemia", "Hypercalcaemia", "Hyponatraemia", "Low bicarbonate", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Hypochloraemia", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Hypophosphataemia", "High bicarbonate"], "Treats": ["Hypercalcaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Reiter's syndrome", "Causes": ["HLA-B27", "Chlamydia trachomatis infection", "Dysentery", "Mycoplasma genitalium"], "Effects": ["Urethritis", "Sacroiliitis", "Synovitis", "Circinate balanitis", "Aphthous ulcer", "Keratoderma blenorrhagica", "Ascending aortic aneurysm", "Nail dystrophy"], "Parents": ["Seronegative spondyloarthritis"], "Description": ["\"A reactive arthritis -  autoimmune  in response to  infection in another part of the body. \nRecurrent disease in 60%.\n\nTriggers:\n-Venereal infection\n-Infective gastroenetritis\""]}
,{"Name": "Fixed dilated pupils", "Causes": ["Coning of medulla", "Death", "Brainstem death"], "Effects": ["Dilated pupil", "Unreactive pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Glycogen storage disorder type III", "Synonyms": ["Forbes disease", "Debrancher deficiency", "Amylo-1`6-glucosidase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Glycogen storage disorder"]}
,{"Name": "5-HT1D agonist", "Parents": ["Serotonin agonist"], "Children": ["Sumatriptan"]}
,{"Name": "Facial pain", "Causes": ["Trigeminal neuralgia"], "Parents": ["Headache"]}
,{"Name": "Frontal bossing", "Causes": ["Acromegaly", "Achondroplasia", "Rickets", "Congenital syphilis", "Thalassaemia", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Cranio-cleido dysostosis", "Hurler syndrome", "Russell-Silver syndrome", "Pachydermoperiostosis", "Trimethadione"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Head injury", "Synonyms": ["Head trauma"], "Effects": ["Cerebral lesion", "Subdural haematoma", "Middle meningeal artery rupture", "Chronic headache", "Narcolepsy", "Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy", "Orbital blowout fracture", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Synechia", "Cranial diabetes insipidus", "Spontaneous intracranial hypotension", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Tinnitus", "Calcified Pinna", "Childhood seizure", "Childhood deafness", "Central hypoventilation", "Phantosmia"], "Parents": ["Trauma"]}
,{"Name": "Howard-Ellsworth test positive", "Causes": ["Pseudohypoparathyroidism"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Description": ["\"Low urinary cyclic AMP and phosphate after infusion of PTH:\n\nAdministration of  parathormone to distinguish primary hypoparathyroidism\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\nin which the urinary phosphate levels rise 10-fold or more above baseline levels\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\nfrom pseudohypoparathyroidism\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdin which they essentially do not rise.\""]}
,{"Name": "Breast disease", "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Fibrocystic disease of the breast", "Carcinoma of breast", "Fat necrosis", "Fibroadenoma of breast", "Galactocele"]}
,{"Name": "Gastric acid hypersecretion", "Causes": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Corticosteroid", "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome", "Cushing Ulcer", "Systemic mastocytosis"], "Effects": ["Gastritis", "Peptic ulcer"], "Description": ["\"\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Tolterodine", "Synonyms": ["Detrusitol"], "Parents": ["Antimuscarinic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Cryptococcus neoformans", "Synonyms": ["Cryptococcosis"], "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Effects": ["Fungal meningitis", "Atypical pneumonia", "India ink stain positive", "Transverse myelitis"], "Parents": ["Fungal infection"]}
,{"Name": "Pericardial knock", "Synonyms": ["High-pitched S3"], "Causes": ["Chronic constrictive pericarditis"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Desferrioxamine", "Parents": ["Chelating agent"], "Description": ["\"Used in Iron poisoning\""]}
,{"Name": "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Synonyms": ["Scleroderma", "dcSSc"], "Causes": ["Anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibody", "Antinuclear antibody", "Anticentromere antibody", "Mixed connective tissue disease"], "Effects": ["CREST syndrome", "Microstomia", "Beaked nose", "Atrophy of finger pulp", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Basal lung fibrosis", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Diffuse intestinal disease", "Bowel bacterial overgrowth", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Pseudodiverticuli", "Allen test positive", "Morphoea", "Pseudorhagades", "Nail-fold vasculitis", "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Gastric antral vascular ectasia", "Scleroderma renal crisis"], "Parents": ["Collagen vascular disease"], "Children": ["Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome"], "Treatments": ["Cyclophosphamide", "Methotrexate", "Antithymocyte immunoglobulin", "Penicillamine", "Interferon alpha"], "Description": ["\"90% have Raynaud phenomenon\n50% have bowel involvement\""]}
,{"Name": "Pyogenic abscess", "Parents": ["Abscess"], "Children": ["Spinal abscess", "Brain abscess", "Lung abscess", "Bartholin's gland abscess", "Brodie abscess", "Groin abscess", "Quinsy", "Psoas abscess", "Dental abscess", "Cutaneous abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Partial Throidectomy", "Parents": ["Thyroidectomy"], "Treats": ["Multinodular goitre"]}
,{"Name": "Minimal change glomerulonephritis", "Synonyms": ["Lipoid nephrosis"], "Causes": ["Pneumonia", "Prophylactic immunisation", "Hodgkin lymphoma"], "Effects": ["Acquired complement deficiency", "Podocyte fusion", "Primary nephrotic glomerular disease"], "Parents": ["Glomerulonephritis", "Lipoidosis"], "Description": ["\"Dramatic response to steroids\nAutoimmune pathology\n\nAssoc with atopy (eczema", "rhinitis)", "Hodgkin", "HLA\n60% relapse\nChildren 2-6 yrs\""]}
,{"Name": "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["CAI"], "Parents": ["Potassium-sparing diuretic", "Metabolic drug"], "Children": ["Acetazolamide", "Topiramate"], "Treats": ["Fluid overload", "Respiratory alkalosis"], "Description": ["\"CA catalyzes the reaction:\nCO2 + H2O = H2CO3 (carbonic acid)\n\nNa then combines with H2CO3 in the tubular cell to form NaHCO3\n\nCA inhibtor hence causes: \na)Decrease Na  absorption in tubules- hence their use as diuretic agents.\nb)Redxuces bicarbonate formation - hence Used to reacidfy the blood  n respiratory alkalosis.\n \""]}
,{"Name": "Analgesic nephropathy", "Causes": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Phenacetin"], "Effects": ["Renal capillary sclerosis", "Renal papillary necrosis", "Tubulointerstitial nephritis"], "Description": ["\"Renal capillar sclerosis\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyperconvex nails", "Causes": ["Turner syndrome"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary tyrosinosis", "Synonyms": ["Tyrosinaemia", "Fumarylacetoacetase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Failure to thrive", "Liver failure", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Renal failure", "Vitamin D resistant rickets"], "Parents": ["Aminoacidopathies"], "Description": ["\" may cause death in early infancy", "but some patients have also reached adult age.\""]}
,{"Name": "Commotio cordis", "Causes": ["Thoracic trauma"], "Effects": ["Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Cardiac arrhythmia"], "Description": ["\"Sudden thump to chest causes VF in a specific interval of cardiac cycle (0.5%)\n\nusually during sports", "most often baseball.\n\nIt is a form of ventricular fibrillation.\n\nDefibrillation must be started as soon as possible (3 minutes) for benefit\n \nFatality rate 60%.\""]}
,{"Name": "Caput medusae", "Causes": ["Portal hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Laparoscopy", "Effects": ["Pneumoperitoneum"], "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Sitosterolaemia", "Causes": ["ABC1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Tendon xanthoma", "Intravascular haemolysis", "Decreased platelet survival"], "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia"]}
,{"Name": "PRPS1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq22.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Bilateral ptosis", "Causes": ["Myasthenia gravis", "Myotonic dystrophy", "Turner syndrome", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Neurosyphilis"], "Parents": ["Ptosis"]}
,{"Name": "High serum ferritin", "Synonyms": ["High ferritin"], "Causes": ["Alcoholic liver disease", "Haemochromatosis", "Viral hepatitis", "Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis", "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Elevated serum acute phase proteins"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Catecholamine", "Parents": ["Vasoconstrictor drug", "Peripheral nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Adrenaline", "Noradrenaline", "Isoprenaline", "Dobutamine", "Dopamine"]}
,{"Name": "Contraceptive failure", "Effects": ["Induced Abortion"]}
,{"Name": "Tendonopathy", "Causes": ["Lyme disease"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic symptom", "Rheumatological pathology"], "Children": ["Enthesitis"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital skin disease", "Parents": ["Dermatological disease", "Congenital disease"], "Children": ["Congenital Giant Naevus", "Epidermal naevus", "Ichthyosis", "Albinism", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Xeroderma pigmentosa", "Darier disease", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "Hereditary angioedema", "Epidermolysis bullosa"]}
,{"Name": "Ash leaf macule", "Synonyms": ["Mountain ash leaf macules"], "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis"], "Parents": ["Hypopigmented macules"]}
,{"Name": "Egophony", "Causes": ["Pleural effusion", "Pulmonary fibrosis", "Consolidation"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"], "Description": ["\"The spoken sound ee- as in \"bee\" is heard by the ausculiator as the \"a' in \"bay'\nEgophony is a voice sound with a nasal quality", "like a goat's bleating. \nThe voice is high pitched and sharper than the patients natural voice.\n\nEgophony comes from the Greek for 'goat'", "not the Latin for 'self'.\n\n\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Tamoxifen", "Synonyms": ["Nolvadex"], "Effects": ["Carcinoma of endometrium", "Benign intracranial hypertension"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Hormonal manipulation"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma of breast", "Infertility", "Gynaecomastia", "Bipolar disorder"], "Description": ["\"antagonist of the estrogen receptor in breast tissue\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Haematological investigation", "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time", "Prolonged prothrombin time", "Raised D-dimer", "Low fibrinogen"]}
,{"Name": "Gonorrhoea", "Causes": ["Neisseria gonorrhoeae"], "Effects": ["Urethritis", "Urethral discharge", "Urethral stricture", "Epididymitis", "Vaginal discharge", "Pelvic inflammatory disease", "Pustular rash", "Septic arthritis", "Tenosynovitis", "Perihepatitis", "Proctitis", "Bacterial meningitis", "Neonatal conjunctivitis", "Bacterial endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Venereal disease"], "Treatments": ["Azithromycin", "Ceftriaxone", "Cefotaxime"], "Description": ["\"DIAGNOSIS:\nGram Stain: Urethral / Cervical Smear\n\nMANAGEMENT:\nFirst agent: Azithromycin orally\nSecond agent:Ceftriaxone IM /Cefotaxime IM\n\n\nCure rate 99%\""]}
,{"Name": "Essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia", "Synonyms": ["Mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia"], "Effects": ["Type II cryoglobulinaemia", "Acquired complement deficiency"], "Parents": ["Cryoglobulinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Sclerosis of bone", "Synonyms": ["Sclerotic bone lesion"], "Causes": ["Callus", "Chronic osteomyelitis", "Prostate cancer", "Paget disease", "Hypervitaminosis D", "Hyperparathyroidism", "Stress Fracture", "Osteoarthritis", "Osteopetrosis", "Osteosarcoma", "Osteoma", "Bone infarct"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Generalised anxiety disorder", "Effects": ["Myalgia", "Numbness", "Dyspnoea", "Dysphagia", "Restlessness", "Insomnia", "Decreased concentration"], "Parents": ["Anxiety disorder"], "Description": ["\"excessive", "uncontrollable and often irrational worry\nsymptoms must last at least six months for a diagnosis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Vascular drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Antihypertensive drug", "Vasoconstrictor drug", "Prostacyclin", "Magnesium sulfate"]}
,{"Name": "Noradrenaline blocker", "Parents": ["Peripheral nervous system drug", "Antihypertensive drug"], "Children": ["Methyldopa", "Reserpine", "Guanethidine", "Bretylium"]}
,{"Name": "Crainiotomy", "Synonyms": ["Craniotomy"], "Parents": ["Brain surgery"], "Treats": ["Subdural haematoma", "Extradural haemorrhage", "Hydrocephalus"]}
,{"Name": "Pelvic fracture", "Effects": ["Acute blood loss", "Urethral injury", "Abdominal trauma", "Cephalopelvic disproportion"], "Parents": ["Fracture"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Blood transfusion", "Analgesic drug", "External fixation", "Suprapubic catheter", "Prolonged immobilisation"]}
,{"Name": "Macular star", "Causes": ["Malignant hypertension"], "Parents": ["Hard exudate"]}
,{"Name": "Loperamide", "Synonyms": ["Imodium", "Lomotil"], "Effects": ["Constipation"], "Parents": ["Opioid"], "Treats": ["Diarrhoea", "Carcinoid tumour"], "Description": ["\"an opioid drug used against diarrhoea\""]}
,{"Name": "Abscess drainage", "Parents": ["General Surgery"], "Treats": ["Acute Osteomyelitis"]}
,{"Name": "Heinz body", "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Calcified Pinna", "Causes": ["Head injury", "Frostbite", "ENT surgery", "Relapsing polychondritis", "Haemochromatosis", "Alkaptonuria", "Acromegaly", "Addison disease"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Muscle wasting", "Causes": ["Amyotrophy", "Muscle weakness", "Chronic liver disease", "Interleukin-1", "Limb ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Wasting of intrinsic hand muscles", "Diabetic amyotrophy", "Wasting of tongue", "Gluteal wasting", "Hamstring wasting"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma Head of Pancreas", "Effects": ["Common bile duct obstruction", "Courvoisier sign", "Reverse 3 sign", "Duodenal filling defect"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of pancreas"]}
,{"Name": "Gritty eye", "Causes": ["Pterygium of the eye"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Follicular thyroid cancer", "Effects": ["Raised thyroglobulin"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of thyroid"], "Treatments": ["Total thyroidectomy", "Radioiodine therapy"], "Description": ["\"15% of thyroid cancer\n\nBlood spread\nNot as hormone responsive as Papillary type\n\nTreatment:\nTotal Thyroidectomy+\nAdjuvant Thyroxine postop+\nAdjuvant Ra Iodine for distant metastasis\n\nPrognosis:\n No mets  = 90% survival\n Mets= 30% survival\""]}
,{"Name": "Toad-like facies", "Synonyms": ["Coarsened facial features", "Mucopolysaccharide accumulation in dermis"], "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism"], "Effects": ["Coarse skin"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Fair skin", "Causes": ["Homocystinuria"], "Effects": ["Malignant melanoma", "Squamous cell skin cancer"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"]}
,{"Name": "Magnesium", "Parents": ["Antiarrhythmic drug"], "Treats": ["Status asthmaticus", "Eclampsia", "Atrial fibrillation"]}
,{"Name": "Sandifer anomaly", "Causes": ["Cornelia de Lange syndrome"], "Effects": ["Torticollis", "Hiatus hernia", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"]}
,{"Name": "Psychosis", "Causes": ["Schizophrenia", "Mania", "Toxic psychosis", "Puerperal period", "General paresis of insane", "Hypocalcaemia", "Lysergic acid diethylamide", "Ecstasy", "Amphetamine", "Lesch Nyhan syndrome", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Bromide", "Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy", "Huntington disease", "Thyroid Crisis"], "Effects": ["Delusion", "Hallucination", "Catatonia", "Disconnected thought", "Lack of insight", "Aggression", "Hyperactivity", "Psychomotor retardation"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric disease"], "Children": ["Symbiotic psychosis"], "Treatments": ["Neuroleptic drug"], "Description": ["\"Mental state involving loss of contact with reality. \nA syndrome and not a disease.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Involutional lid disorder", "Causes": ["Contact lens"], "Effects": ["Ptosis"]}
,{"Name": "Testes in labia", "Causes": ["Testicular feminisation"], "Effects": ["Testicular tumour"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "High urine glucose", "Synonyms": ["Hyperglycosuria", "Glycosuria"], "Causes": ["Hyperglycaemia", "Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Teardrop sign", "Causes": ["Orbital blowout fracture"], "Parents": ["Skull radiographical sign"], "Description": ["\"Xray=polypoid mass hanging from the orbital floor into the maxillary antrum", "in shape of a teardrop\""]}
,{"Name": "Clotting factor deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Coagulopathy", "Coagulation defect", "Clotting deficiency", "Clotting abnormality"], "Causes": ["Congenital coagulation defect", "Liver failure", "Malabsorption state", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Dilutional effect", "Blood transfusion"], "Effects": ["Bleeding disorder", "Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time", "Prolonged prothrombin time"], "Description": ["\"1)Dilutional effect\n2)Plasma undergoes progressive loss of coagulation factors during storage.\""]}
,{"Name": "Renal cyst", "Synonyms": ["Kidney cyst"], "Causes": ["Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Medullary sponge kidney", "Tuberous sclerosis", "Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Edward's syndrome", "Patau syndrome", "Medullary cystic disease", "Meckel Gruber syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Balkan nephropathy", "Effects": ["Tubulointerstitial nephritis"]}
,{"Name": "RUNX2 gene mutation", "Synonyms": ["CBFA1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Cranio-cleido dysostosis"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus", "Chromosome 6 mutation"], "Description": ["\"Locus 6p21\""]}
,{"Name": "Axial rigidity", "Causes": ["Parkinson's disease", "Progressive supranuclear palsy"], "Parents": ["Rigidity"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired lactate acidosis", "Synonyms": ["Acquired lactic acidosis"], "Causes": ["Ischaemia", "Hypoxaemia", "Exercise", "Seizure", "Renal failure", "Liver failure", "Leukaemia", "Lymphoma", "Reticulohistocytosis", "Bacterial D-lactate production", "Metformin", "Isoniazid", "Methanol", "Salicylate poisoning"], "Parents": ["Lactate acidosis", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Bacterial D-lactate production"]}
,{"Name": "Frontal balding", "Synonyms": ["Receding hairline"], "Causes": ["Myotonic dystrophy", "Androgenic alopecia"], "Parents": ["Alopecia"]}
,{"Name": "Breast fibrosis", "Causes": ["Fibrocystic disease of the breast"], "Parents": ["Fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Mesothelioma", "Causes": ["Crocidolite", "Male gender", "Old age"], "Effects": ["Dull chest pain", "Dyspnoea", "Cough", "Pleural thickening", "Exudate pleural effusion", "Malignant pleural effusion", "Fingernail clubbing", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Restrictive pulmonary disease", "Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy", "Pneumonectomy"], "Parents": ["Lung malignancy"], "Treatments": ["Pneumonectomy", "Cisplatin", "Pleurodesis"], "Description": ["\"Prognosis = 1 year\nLatency - 40 yrs\n\n \""]}
,{"Name": "Rupture of abdominal viscus", "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain", "Peritonism", "Acute blood loss"], "Parents": ["Surgical pathology", "Gastrointestinal disease"], "Children": ["Duodenal perforation", "Bowel perforation", "Ruptured gall bladder", "Splenic tear", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Kidney transplant", "Synonyms": ["Renal transplant"], "Effects": ["Kidney transplant rejection", "Atherosclerosis", "Gastric ulcer", "CMV nephritis", "Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Tertiary hyperparathyroidism", "Squamous cell skin cancer", "Inappropriately raised erythropoietin"], "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery", "Transplant Surgery"], "Description": ["\"Cadaveric graft survival >90% at 1 year", "50% at 10 years\nLiving graft survival 50% at 15 years\""]}
,{"Name": "Gastrointestinal haemorrhage", "Synonyms": ["GI Bleed", "GI haemorrhage", "Gastrointestinal bleed"], "Effects": ["Acute blood loss", "Chronic blood loss", "High plasma urea"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal disease"], "Children": ["Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Lower gastrointestinal bleed"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatic encephalopathy", "Causes": ["Liver failure", "Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy"], "Effects": ["Fluctuating conscious level", "Coma", "Asterixis", "Sleep disorder", "Behavioural change", "Hyperreflexia", "Increased muscle tone"], "Parents": ["Metabolic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Renal ischaemia", "Causes": ["Shock", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Malignant hypertension", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug"], "Effects": ["Acute tubular necrosis"], "Parents": ["Ischaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Nothnagel syndrome", "Effects": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Ipsilateral ataxia"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Myeloma", "Synonyms": ["Multiple myeloma", "MM"], "Causes": ["POEMS syndrome", "Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance"], "Effects": ["Bone metastasis", "Back pain", "Paraproteinaemia", "Osteolysis", "Pepper-pot skull", "Bence Jones proteinuria", "Hypophosphataemia", "Osteoporosis", "Pancytopaenia", "Rouleaux", "Myeloma renal disease", "Type I cryoglobulinaemia", "Erythema multiforme", "Amyloid light chain", "Insulin autoantibodies", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Ichthyosis", "Small fibre neuropathy", "Cutis laxa", "Bone pain", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome", "Crystalline keratopathy", "Demyelination of peripheral nerve"], "Parents": ["Haematological malignancy", "Lymphoproliferative disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia", "Causes": ["Wucheria bancrofti"], "Parents": ["Loeffler syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "NT5C3A gene  mutation", "Effects": ["Pyrimidine-5-nucleotidase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 7p14.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Epiglottitis", "Causes": ["Haemophilus influenzae"], "Effects": ["Sore throat", "Drooling", "Dysphagia", "Stridor", "Tripod sign"], "Parents": ["Pharyngology", "Childhood infections"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation", "Endotracheal intubation"], "Description": ["\"Once diagnosed", "patients should be monitored - airway obstruction may develop.\nNow rare among children", "due to vaccination against Hib.\""]}
,{"Name": "Mycophenolate mofetil", "Synonyms": ["MMF"], "Effects": ["Bone marrow suppression", "Bowel irritation by drug"], "Parents": ["Immunosuppressant drug", "Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Cerebral vasculitis", "Bullous pemphigoid", "Pemphigus vulgaris"]}
,{"Name": "Hamster", "Effects": ["Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Weil disease", "Salmonella"], "Parents": ["Pet"]}
,{"Name": "Dobutamine", "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor agonist", "Catecholamine"]}
,{"Name": "Widely spaced nipples", "Causes": ["Turner syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Titanium implant", "Treats": ["Orbital blowout fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Leg ulcer", "Causes": ["Hereditary spherocytosis", "Lymphoedema"], "Effects": ["Inguinal lymph node", "Cellulitis"], "Parents": ["Soft tissue infection"], "Children": ["Venous ulcer", "Neuropathic ulcer", "Arterial ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Encephalocele", "Causes": ["Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Meckel Gruber syndrome"], "Effects": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Kocher-Debr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd-S\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdm\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdlaigne syndrome", "Infant Hercules"], "Causes": ["Hoffman syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cretinism"]}
,{"Name": "Mitochondrial chromosome disorder", "Synonyms": ["Mitochondrial hereditary disease", "Mitochondrial cytopathy"], "Effects": ["Calcification of basal ganglia", "Impaired vertical saccades"], "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Children": ["Leber's optic atrophy", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibres", "Mitochondrial myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes", "Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy", "Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia", "Alpers syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Levine sign", "Synonyms": ["Clenched fist to chest"], "Causes": ["Myocardial infarction"], "Description": ["\"a clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain\nAs the referred pain associated with ischemia radiates to the area of the left proximal forelimb", "the right", "unaffected arm is used to produce the gesture\""]}
,{"Name": "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency", "Synonyms": ["a-1 antitrypsin deficiency", "?-1 antitrypsin deficiency", "?1 antitrypsin deficiency"], "Causes": ["Scandinavian descent", "SERPINA1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Dyspnoea", "Bronchoconstriction", "Cough", "Panacinar emphysema", "Chronic liver disease", "Periodic acid schiff stain positive"], "Parents": ["Liver disease", "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"SERPINA1 gene mutation\r\n\r\nAlpha-1 antytrypsin protects the lungs from damage \r\n\r\nDeficiency symptoms:\r\n -dyspnoea\r\n -Wheezing\r\n -Chronic cough\r\n -oedema\r\n -Jaundice\r\n -ascites\""]}
,{"Name": "Schindler disease", "Synonyms": ["Kanzaki disease", "Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Congenital peripheral neuropathy", "Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum", "Mental retardation", "Seizure", "Abnormal white cell enzyme"], "Parents": ["Lipid storage disorder"], "Description": ["\"deficiency in the enzyme alpha-NAGA (alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase)", "abnormal accumulation of glycosphingolipids.\n\nTend to die within 4 years of birth.\n\nAlso classified under Glycoproteinosis.\""]}
,{"Name": "High serum lipase", "Synonyms": ["Raised blood lipase"], "Causes": ["Pancreatitis"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Impulse control disorder", "Causes": ["Dopamine receptor agonist", "Parkinson's disease"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric disease"], "Children": ["Pathological gambling", "Pyromania", "Kleptomania"], "Description": ["\"failure to resist a temptation", "urge or impulse that may harm oneself or others\""]}
,{"Name": "Salmonella typhi", "Effects": ["Typhoid fever", "Travellers' diarrhoea"], "Parents": ["Salmonella"]}
,{"Name": "Aplastic anaemia", "Synonyms": ["Bone marrow aplasia"], "Causes": ["Immunological bone marrow destruction", "Alkylating agent", "Antimetabolite", "Benzene", "Carbimazole", "Chloramphenicol", "Phenylbutazone", "Mesalazine", "Arsenic", "Irradiation", "Hepatitis C", "Hepatitis A", "Epstein Barr virus", "Cytomegalovirus", "Parvovirus", "Fanconi anaemia", "Mycobacterium avium intracellulare", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Potassium perchlorate", "Felbamate", "Ethosuximide"], "Effects": ["Neutropenia", "Decreased platelet production", "Ineffective granulopoiesis", "Aplastic crisis"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow failure anaemia"], "Treatments": ["Blood transfusion", "Bone marrow transplant", "Antithymocyte immunoglobulin"], "Description": ["\"Myeloid bone marrow failure\nAverage age 25\nIncidence 2 per 1", "000", "000 per year\nUsually idiopathic\nFatal untreated but 70% 5-year survival with treatment\""]}
,{"Name": "Increased muscle tone", "Synonyms": ["Hypertonia"], "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis", "Hepatic encephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Treatments": ["Baclofen", "Tizanidine", "Clonidine", "Dantrolene"]}
,{"Name": "Renal capillary thickening", "Causes": ["Membranous glomerulonephritis"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Increased systemic vascular permeability", "Synonyms": ["Leaky capillaries"], "Causes": ["Acute phase reaction", "Microvasculitis"], "Effects": ["Peripheral oedema", "Hypoalbuminaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Erb's muscular dystrophy", "Synonyms": ["Limb girdle muscular dystrophy"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Autosomal dominant disorder", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Marcus Gunn pupil", "Synonyms": ["Relative afferent pupillary defect", "RAPD", "Swinging torch sign", "Swinging pentorch sign"], "Causes": ["Monocular blindness", "Optic atrophy"], "Effects": ["Unreactive pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Rhesus incompatibility", "Effects": ["Erythroblastosis fetalis", "Hydrops fetalis", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Miscarriage", "Neonatal mortality"], "Treatments": ["Anti-rhesus immunoglobulin"], "Description": ["\"Mother Rh-negative", "baby Rh-positive (father must be Rh-positive)\nIf second baby is also Rh-positive", "a reaction is much more likely.\""]}
,{"Name": "Post-partum haemorrhage", "Synonyms": ["Postpartum haemorrhage", "PPH"], "Causes": ["Retained placenta", "Uterine inertia", "Shoulder dystocia", "Uterine rupture"], "Parents": ["Post-partum disease", "Gynaecological haemorrhage"], "Treatments": ["Ergot alkaloid", "Tranexamic acid"], "Description": ["\"Incidence- 10%\""]}
,{"Name": "Oxybutinin", "Synonyms": ["Ditropan"], "Parents": ["Antimuscarinic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Erb's palsy", "Parents": ["Mononeuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Proctitis", "Causes": ["Irradiation", "Gonorrhoea", "CMV proctitis", "Lymphogranuloma venereum"], "Effects": ["Lower gastrointestinal bleed"]}
,{"Name": "Inflammatory cytokine", "Causes": ["Inflammatory disease", "Nuclear factor kB"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"], "Children": ["Tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Interleukin-1", "Interleukin-2", "Interleukin-6", "Interleukin-12"]}
,{"Name": "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Synonyms": ["Mechanical hypoventilation", "Neuromuscular ventilatory failure", "Neuromuscular respiratory failure"], "Causes": ["Myasthenia gravis", "Motor neurone disease", "Myotonic dystrophy", "Multiple sclerosis", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Peripheral neuropathy", "Poliovirus", "Glycogen storage disorder type II", "Scoliosis", "Kyphosis", "Congenital muscular dystrophy", "X-linked tubular myopathy", "Spinal muscular atrophy"], "Effects": ["Orthopnoea"], "Parents": ["Hypoventilatory respiratory failure"]}
,{"Name": "Koebner phenomenon", "Synonyms": ["K\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbner phenomenon", "Lesions at the site of injury"], "Causes": ["Psoriasis", "Lichen planus", "Papilloma", "Molluscum contagiosum", "Vitiligo", "Lichen sclerosus", "Pemphigus vulgaris", "Darier disease", "Urticaria", "Urticaria pigmentosa"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-rhesus immunoglobulin", "Synonyms": ["Rho D immune globulin"], "Treats": ["Rhesus incompatibility"], "Description": ["\"Removes fetal RhD positive erythrocytes from maternal blood before a reaction can develop\""]}
,{"Name": "Raised urinary vanillylmandelic acid", "Synonyms": ["High urine VMA"], "Causes": ["Phaeochromocytoma"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Hemicrania continua", "Effects": ["Ophthalmic autonomic dysregulation"], "Parents": ["Primary headache disorder"], "Treatments": ["Indomethacin"]}
,{"Name": "Starvation", "Effects": ["Ketosis"], "Description": ["\"Hepatic glycogen stores are exhausted .\nLiver produces ketones to provide an energy substrate for peripheral tissues.\""]}
,{"Name": "Meconium aspiration", "Synonyms": ["Meconium Aspiration Syndrome", "MAS"], "Causes": ["Overdue pregnancy", "Drug abuse"], "Effects": ["Cyanosis", "Neonatal respiratory distress", "Meconium stained liquor", "Green skin", "Bradycardia", "Low APGAR score", "Hypercapnia", "Patchy lung infiltrates", "Pneumothorax", "Neonatal hypoxia", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"], "Treatments": ["Ventilatory support", "Surfactant", "Nitric oxide inhalation"], "Description": ["\"Meconium in amniotic fluid = 10%\n\nMAS Incidence:\n1%   at 37 weeks \n25% at >42 weeks.\n\nManagement\nPrevention :early identifcation of fetal sress.\n\nPrognosis:\n80% discharged home \n15% - neonatal intensive care \n2%   -extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.. \n          Survival with ECMO = 94%.\n3% -die  \n\nInduction at >37 weeks' gestation reduces MAS.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Dissociative disorder", "Parents": ["Neurotic disorder"], "Children": ["Dissociative amnesia", "Dissociative fugue", "Dissociative identity disorder", "Depersonalisation disorder"], "Description": ["\"Dissociation = mental process where a person disconnects from their:\n- thoughts", "- feelings", "- memories  \n -sense of identity. \n\nDissociation = an involuntary defense mechanism\n \nCause- psychological trauma.\""]}
,{"Name": "Hydatid cyst", "Causes": ["Echinococcosis"], "Effects": ["Round lung shadow", "Cavitating lung lesion"], "Parents": ["Cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital muscle disease", "Effects": ["Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Congenital disease"], "Children": ["Hereditary muscular dystrophy", "Congenital myopathy"], "Description": ["\"Hereditary muscle dystrophy shows degenerative patterns with extensive fibrosis.\nCongenital myopathy shows no  degenerative changes. \n\nCreatinine kinase elevated in Hereditary muscle dystrophy.\""]}
,{"Name": "Peripheral vasodilatation", "Causes": ["Septicaemia", "Anaphylaxis", "Vasodilator", "Acute pancreatitis", "Hypercapnia", "Low glucocorticoid", "Erythroderma", "Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome", "Inducible nitric oxide synthase", "Platelet activating factor", "Acute phase reaction", "General anaesthetic"], "Effects": ["Shock", "Sinus tachycardia", "High cardiac output state", "Palmar erythema"], "Children": ["Cerebral vasodilatation"]}
,{"Name": "Childhood asthma", "Causes": ["Viral infection", "Dust mite", "Pollen", "Smoke", "Pet dander"], "Parents": ["Acquired childhood disease"], "Description": ["\"Immune hypersensitivity causes bronchospam when exposed to certain triggers: \n-Viral infections\n-air pollutants- tobacco smoke \n-Allergies to dust mites", "pet dander", "pollen or mold \n-Physical activity \n-Cold air \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Generalised epilepsy with febrile seizures plus", "Synonyms": ["GEFS+"], "Causes": ["SCN1A mutation"], "Parents": ["Channelopathy", "Primary generalised epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Saphena varix", "Causes": ["Varicose veins of leg"], "Effects": ["Groin swelling"]}
,{"Name": "Malrotation of gut", "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Tuberculoid leprosy", "Effects": ["Mononeuritis multiplex"], "Parents": ["Leprosy"]}
,{"Name": "Increased vaginal secretion", "Causes": ["Cervical ectropion", "High oestriol"]}
,{"Name": "Atrial tachycardia", "Parents": ["Supraventricular arrhythmia"], "Children": ["Atrial fibrillation", "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Atrial flutter"]}
,{"Name": "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Synonyms": ["High blood cholesterol"], "Causes": ["Familial hypercholesterolaemia", "Dysbetalipopriteinaemia", "Familial combined hyperlipidaemia", "Blood change in pregnancy", "Diabetes mellitus", "Hypothyroidism", "Cholestasis", "Nephrotic syndrome", "Thiazide", "Androgen", "Cushing syndrome"], "Effects": ["Atherosclerosis", "Corneal arcus"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation", "Hyperlipidaemia"], "Treatments": ["HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor", "Bezafibrate", "Clofibrate", "Gemfibrozil", "Cholestyramine", "Nicotinic acid", "Probucol"], "Description": ["\"Rx lifestyle", "statin", "sequstrants", "fibrate", "Ezetimibe\""]}
,{"Name": "Lhermitte phenomenon", "Causes": ["Multiple sclerosis"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"Stretching the cervical cord produces pain and tingling\""]}
,{"Name": "Raynaud disease", "Synonyms": ["Primary Raynaud syndrome", "Reynaud disease"], "Effects": ["Allen test positive", "Raynaud phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Collagen vascular disease"]}
,{"Name": "Somatostatin analogue", "Parents": ["Endocrine drug"], "Children": ["Octreotide"], "Treats": ["Acromegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-Smith antibody", "Synonyms": ["Antismith antibody", "Anti-Sm", "Antibody to Smith antigen"], "Effects": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic mastoiditis", "Parents": ["Mastoiditis"], "Treatments": ["Neomycin", "Aural irrigation", "Mastoidectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Phenothiazine", "Effects": ["Postural hypotension", "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Photosensitivity", "Cholestasis", "Neutropenia", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Cornea verticillata"], "Parents": ["Neuroleptic drug", "Serotonin antagonist", "Dopamine receptor antagonist", "Antihistamine", "Antimuscarinic drug"], "Children": ["Chlorpromazine", "Prochlorperazine"], "Description": ["\"Cholestasis in 3%\""]}
,{"Name": "Battle sign", "Synonyms": ["Mastoid bruising"], "Causes": ["Base of skull fracture"], "Parents": ["Face sign"], "Description": ["\"mastoid ecchymosis\""]}
,{"Name": "Prazosin", "Parents": ["Alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Tolcapone", "Parents": ["Catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Colles fracture", "Causes": ["Fall on outstretched hand", "Osteoporosis"], "Effects": ["Dinner fork deformity", "Malunion"], "Parents": ["Fracture"], "Treatments": ["Closed Reduction", "Immobilisation"], "Description": ["\"Fracture of head of radius \nDistal fragement has:\n- posterior displacement\n- proximal displacement\n- dorsal angulation\n- Radial angulation\""]}
,{"Name": "Intrauterine blood transfusion", "Parents": ["Obstetric procedure"], "Treats": ["Hydrops fetalis"]}
,{"Name": "Cancers due to gene mutation", "Causes": ["Carcinoma of breast", "Ovarian tumour", "Uterine cancer", "Prostate cancer", "Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer", "Retinoblastoma"], "Parents": ["Hereditary neoplasia"], "Description": ["\"5% of cancers are caused by inherited gene mutation\""]}
,{"Name": "Pericardial rub", "Synonyms": ["Pericardial friction rub"], "Causes": ["Pericarditis", "Aortic dissection"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Gait apraxia", "Causes": ["Vascular dementia", "Normal pressure hydrocephalus", "Frontal lobe lesion", "Progressive supranuclear palsy", "Parkinson's disease"], "Parents": ["Apraxia"]}
,{"Name": "Bilroth gastrectomy", "Parents": ["Gastrectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Staphylococcus saprophyticus", "Effects": ["Perleche"], "Parents": ["Staphylococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Post-partum disease", "Synonyms": ["Postpartum disease"], "Causes": ["Normal vaginal delivery"], "Children": ["Post-partum thyroiditis", "Sheehan post-partum pituitary necrosis", "Post-partum haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Vulval skin disorder", "Effects": ["Vulval irritation"], "Children": ["Lichen simplex", "Lichen planus", "Lichen sclerosus", "Essential vulvodynia", "Vulvar vestibulitis"]}
,{"Name": "Low haptoglobin", "Synonyms": ["Hypohaptoglobinaemia", "Decreased plasma haptoglobin"], "Causes": ["Haemoglobinaemia", "Intravascular haemolysis"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Li-Fraumeni syndrome", "Causes": ["TP53 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Carcinoma of breast", "Adrenal carcinoma", "Brain tumour", "Sarcoma", "Bronchioalveolar carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome", "Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "High serum amylase", "Synonyms": ["Raised blood amylase"], "Causes": ["Pancreatitis"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Haemorrhagic cystitis", "Causes": ["Ifosfamide"]}
,{"Name": "Sinusitis", "Causes": ["Rhinovirus", "Adenovirus", "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Nasal polyp", "Young syndrome", "Thick mucus"], "Effects": ["Acute headache", "Chronic headache", "Halitosis", "Fluid in maxillary sinus", "Bacterial meningitis"], "Parents": ["Rhinology"], "Treatments": ["Antibiotic", "Antral washout", "Caldwell-Luc radical antrostomy."]}
,{"Name": "Repetitive stress injury", "Effects": ["Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Tendonitis", "Tenosynovitis", "Chronic occupational hand injury", "Raynaud phenomenon"]}
,{"Name": "Meningism", "Causes": ["Meningitis", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Encephalitis", "Posterior fossa space occupying lesion"], "Effects": ["Photophobia", "Neck stiffness", "Acute headache", "Kernig's sign", "Brudzinski's signs"]}
,{"Name": "Prion disease", "Effects": ["Calcification of basal ganglia"], "Parents": ["Infectious disease"], "Children": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "Gerstmann-Straeussler syndrome", "Fatal familial insomnia", "Sporadic fatal insomnia", "Kuru"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 20p", "PrP gene\""]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary stenosis", "Causes": ["Carcinoid tumour"], "Effects": ["Ejection systolic murmur", "Wide splitting of second heart sound", "Right ventricular hypertrophy", "Right ventricular failure", "Right bundle branch block", "Rib notching", "Oligaemic lung fields"], "Parents": ["Valvular heart disease", "Systolic murmur radiating to back"], "Children": ["Congenital pulmonary stenosis"], "Treatments": ["Balloon dilatation", "Valvotomy", "Prosthetic cardiac valve"]}
,{"Name": "Cryptorchidism", "Synonyms": ["Undescended testis", "Ectopic testis"], "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome", "Prune-belly syndrome", "CHARGE syndrome"], "Effects": ["Groin swelling", "Testicular tumour", "Azoospermia", "Malignant transformation", "Testicular torsion"], "Parents": ["Genital examination sign", "Genitourinary malformation"], "Description": ["\"COMPLICATIONS\n1. Prone to malignancy (10 times higher)\n2. Prone to infertiltiy\n3. Prone to trauma when it is in inguinal canal\n\nDIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS\n1) Ectopic testis : deviated f rom normal path of descent af ter it has emerged through the\n    external inguinal ring. It may be found:\n     \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in the superf icial inguinal pouch\n     \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in the perineum\n     \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd at the root of the penis\n     \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd in the f emoral canal\n   The ectopic testis cannot be pushed down into the scrotum.\n\n2) Retractile testes\n   - occurs because of the cremasteric ref lex that retracts the testicles\n   - Once a testicle has been discovered in the scrotum", "it is generally considered descended even if it is\n      temporarily pulled back .\n  - Ask  mother if she has ever seen the testicle in the scrotum. If she aff irms this", "no treatment is required.\n  - It may be possible to \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdmilk\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd the testes down into the scrotum during examination.\n\nNeither the ectopic  nor the retractile testes", "need treatment.\n\n\nMANAGEMENT:\n\nA. FOR A PALPABLE TESTES\n    1) Orchidopexy :\n        To reduce chance of infertility.\n        It  does not reduce the chances of malignant transformation!\n\n  B.  Hormonal treatment with gonadotrophins if :\n      \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd there is bilateral incomplete descent associated with hypogenitalism and obesity.\n  \n C.  Orchidectomy : If the patient presents after puberty", "orchidectomy to remove a testes that\n        is unlikely to produce sperm but also carries a cancer risk.\n\nFOR THE IMPALPABLE TESTES:\n 1 ) MRI to determine  presence or absence of an intra abdominal testes  may be congenitally absent).\n 2) Laparoscopy to remove testes if one is found.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Olivopontocerebellar degeneration", "Synonyms": ["OPCA", "Olivopontocerebellar atrophy"], "Effects": ["Parkinsonism", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Retinitis pigmentosa"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Multiple system atrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Necrotising microvascular glomerulonephritis", "Causes": ["Wegeners granulomatosis"], "Parents": ["Necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Occupational therapy", "Parents": ["Treatment"], "Treats": ["Parkinsonism"]}
,{"Name": "Mycobacterium marinum", "Synonyms": ["Fish tank granuloma"], "Parents": ["Mycobacterial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Holoprosencephaly", "Causes": ["Patau syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Transforming growth factor-beta", "Synonyms": ["TGF beta", "TGF-beta"], "Causes": ["Platelet degranulation"], "Effects": ["Monocyte activation", "Angiogenesis", "Renal fibrosis", "Fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Non invasive transitional cell carcinoma of bladder", "Effects": ["Haematuria", "Microscopic haematuria"], "Parents": ["Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder"], "Treatments": ["Cystodiathermy", "Mitomicin", "Trans-urethral resection of bladder tumour"], "Description": ["\"PATHOLGY:\r\nSuperficial tumors are fronded lesions which are:\r\n- Multiple\r\n- Multifocal\r\n- Recurrent\r\n\r\nTREATMENT:\r\n1) Cystodiathermy\r\n2) TURBT (for larger lesions)\r\n\r\nIntravesical mitomycin following procedure", "to reduce reccurence.\r\n\r\nIntravesical BCG Immunotherapy course x 6 weeks for:\r\n  - High grade CIS\r\n  - T1 lesions  \""]}
,{"Name": "Crohn's disease", "Synonyms": ["Terminal ileitis", "Regional enteritis", "Granulomatous colitis", "Crohns disease"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking", "Emotional stress", "Zinc deficiency", "Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis", "Measles", "Aspirin", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Caucasian"], "Effects": ["Cobblestone mucosa", "Fissures", "Rose thorn ulcer", "Non-caseating granuloma", "Bowel perforation", "Bowel wall thickening", "Ileal stricture", "Bowel stricture", "Abdominal fistula", "Enterocolic fistula", "Colo-vaginal fistula", "Blind loop syndrome", "Malabsorption state", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Bile salt malabsorption", "Cholelithiasis", "Oral ulcer", "Aphthous ulcer", "Liver granuloma", "String sign of Kantor", "Perianal fistula", "Lower gastrointestinal bleed"], "Parents": ["Inflammatory bowel disease"], "Treatments": ["Azathioprine", "5-aminosalicylic acid", "Elemental diet", "Metronidazole", "Infliximab", "Total parenteral nutrition", "Sulphasalazine", "Ileal resection", "Ileostomy", "Subtotal colectomy", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"White females\n75% will need surgery.\n\nCOMPLICATIONS \nAcute complications\n       Perforation\n       Haemorrhage\n Chronic subacute complications\n       Abscess\n       Fistula\n       Obstruction\n\nTreatment Aim - conserve bowel .\n    Strictures-   Limited resection.\n    Drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses\n    Ileostomy to de-function inflamed bowel\n    Subtotal colectomy + permanent  ileostomy.\""]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary multiple exostoses", "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatitis", "Synonyms": ["Transaminitis"], "Effects": ["Epigastric pain", "Hyperbilirubinaemia", "Elevated liver enzymes", "Hepatomegaly", "Maternal Risk"], "Parents": ["Hepatobiliary pathology", "Liver disease"], "Children": ["Infective hepatitis", "Alcoholic hepatitis", "Viral hepatitis", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Acute hepatitis", "Zieve syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin B12 malabsorption", "Synonyms": ["Decreased B12 absorption", "Impaired B12 absorption"], "Causes": ["Intrinsic factor deficiency", "Tropical sprue", "Ileal resection", "Diffuse intestinal disease", "Ileitis", "Gut parasite", "Diverticular disease", "Malabsorption state", "Achlorhydria", "Pancreatic insufficiency"], "Effects": ["Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Schilling test positive"]}
,{"Name": "Neck stiffness", "Synonyms": ["Stiff neck"], "Causes": ["Meningism"], "Parents": ["Neck sign"]}
,{"Name": "Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis", "Causes": ["Picornavirus", "Viral haemorrhagic shock"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Carotid endarterectomy", "Effects": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury"], "Parents": ["Neck surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Excess parathyroid hormone", "Synonyms": ["Increased PTH", "Raised PTH", "High PTH", "Increased parathormone", "Increased parathyrin"], "Causes": ["Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism", "Tertiary hyperparathyroidism", "Ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion", "Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia", "Albright's osteodystrophy"], "Effects": ["Hypercalcaemia", "Hypophosphataemia", "Distal renal tubule acidosis", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Alemtuzumab", "Parents": ["Monoclonal antibody"], "Treats": ["Chronic B-cell leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Cyclical breast pain", "Synonyms": ["Menstrual mastalgia"], "Causes": ["Fibrocystic disease of the breast"], "Parents": ["Breast symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Catalase positive", "Causes": ["Staphylococcus", "Candida albicans"], "Parents": ["Microbiological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Elevated protein in CSF", "Synonyms": ["Proteinaceous cerebrospinal fluid", "Raised CSF protein", "CSF hyperproteinaemia"], "Causes": ["Aseptic meningitis", "Bacterial meningitis", "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Froin syndrome", "Refsum disease", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Krabbe disease"], "Parents": ["Lumbar puncture"]}
,{"Name": "Swimming", "Effects": ["Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Otitis externa"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Swimming in a lake"]}
,{"Name": "Warfarin", "Effects": ["Chondrodysplasia punctata"], "Parents": ["Anticoagulant drug", "Drug metabolised by P450 enzymes", "Teratogenic drug"], "Treats": ["Left atrial thrombosis", "Atrial fibrillation"], "Description": ["\"Inhibits factors IIa", "VIIa", "IXa", "Xa\""]}
,{"Name": "Chronic infection", "Effects": ["Monocytosis", "High plasma urate"], "Parents": ["Infectious disease", "Inflammatory disease"], "Children": ["Chronic bacterial infection", "Chronic viral infection", "Fungal infection", "Chronic pulmonary infection", "Kala-azar", "Katayama fever"]}
,{"Name": "Cystodiathermy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Non invasive transitional cell carcinoma of bladder"]}
,{"Name": "Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma", "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis"], "Treatments": ["Rapamycin"]}
,{"Name": "Urological procedure", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Children": ["Urinary catheter", "Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin", "Intravesical Mitomycin"]}
,{"Name": "Low coeruloplasmin", "Synonyms": ["Low caeruloplasmin"], "Causes": ["Wilson's disease"]}
,{"Name": "Orchidectomy", "Treats": ["Testicular torsion"]}
,{"Name": "Secondary biliary cirrhosis", "Causes": ["Cholestasis", "Cystic fibrosis", "Human immunodeficiency virus"], "Parents": ["Biliary cirrhosis"]}
,{"Name": "Corkscrew hair", "Synonyms": ["Corkscrewing of hair"], "Causes": ["Scurvy", "Menke syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "FANCA gene mutation", "Effects": ["Fanconi anaemia"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 16q24.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Mefanamic acid", "Parents": ["Antifibrinolytic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Trans-urethral resection of prostate", "Synonyms": ["TURP"], "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Benign prostatic hypertrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Apolipoprotein B-100", "Effects": ["Familial hypercholesterolaemia"], "Parents": ["Apolipoprotein allele"], "Description": ["\"Prevalence 1 in 600\narginine 3500 to glutamine\""]}
,{"Name": "Trypanosoma brucei gambiense", "Synonyms": ["Gambian sleeping sickness", "West African sleeping sickness", "West African trypanosomiasis"], "Effects": ["Chronic headache", "Back pain", "Behavioural change", "Somnolescence", "Extrapyramidal sign"], "Parents": ["Trypanosoma brucei"]}
,{"Name": "Haemosiderinuria", "Causes": ["Intravascular haemolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoid tumour", "Synonyms": ["Carcinoid syndrome", "Enterochromaffin cell tumour", "Kulchitsky cell tumour"], "Causes": ["Pancreatic islet tumour", "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "MEN I"], "Effects": ["Facial flushing", "Hot flush", "Diarrhoea", "Acute abdominal pain", "Bronchoconstriction", "Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid", "High serotonin", "High gastrin level", "Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion", "Dexamethasone suppression fails", "Pulmonary stenosis", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Mitral stenosis", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Plethoric face"], "Parents": ["Neuroendocrine tumour", "Small bowel tumour"], "Treatments": ["Octreotide", "Ketanserin", "Loperamide"], "Description": ["\"Usually in appendix or rectum\n\nUsually with liver metastases", "unless from lung or ovary\n\nDevelops from enterochromaffin cells found in:. \n  - small intestine", "appendix", "colon", "rectum \n  - bronchi", "- pancreas", "- ovaries. \n\nEnterochromaffin cells produce:\n - histamine\n - serotonin \n - dopamine \nThese have profound effects on CVS", "GI tract", "lungs\n\nCarcinoid syndrome in 10%\n\nMalignant potential:\n<1cm - benign\n>2cm - malignant\n1-2cm  10% cancerous\n\nDiagnosis:\nUrine for 5-HIAA\n\nSurvival variable", "3 to 20 years\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hepatojugular reflux", "Causes": ["Fluid overload", "Heart failure"], "Parents": ["Jugular venous pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic myelomonocytic anaemia", "Synonyms": ["CMMoL"], "Parents": ["Myelodysplastic syndrome"], "Description": ["\"1-20% blasts in marrow\n<5% blasts in blood\n>1000 monocytes /L\""]}
,{"Name": "Phenoxymethylpenicillin", "Synonyms": ["Penicillin V"], "Parents": ["Penicillin"]}
,{"Name": "Iodine deficiency", "Effects": ["Goitre", "Hypothyroidism"], "Parents": ["Mineral deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Absent fetal heart sounds", "Causes": ["Uterine rupture"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth", "Obstetric sign"]}
,{"Name": "Polydipsia", "Synonyms": ["Increased thirst", "Thirstiness"], "Causes": ["Impaired concentrating ability", "Hypothalamic syndrome", "Diabetes insipidus", "Bartter syndrome", "Fanconi syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hyponatraemia"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Glucagonoma", "Synonyms": ["Alpha-cell tumour", "?-cell tumour", "Alpha cell pancreatic adenoma"], "Causes": ["Pancreatic islet tumour"], "Effects": ["Necrolytic migratory erythema", "Weight loss", "Anaemia of chronic disease", "Type I diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"]}
,{"Name": "Sphingolipidosis", "Parents": ["Lipid storage disorder", "Neurodegenerative disorder"], "Children": ["Gaucher disease", "Niemann-Pick disease", "Tay-Sachs disease", "Krabbe disease", "Fabry disease", "Sandhoff disease", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "GM1 gangliosidosis", "Farber disease"], "Description": ["\"Imapired breakdown of sphingolipids.\nsphingolipid= cell membrane lipid.\ncontains amino alcohol sphingosine. \ndiscovered in brain extracts. \nnamed after the Sphinx because of their enigmatic nature.\n\ndefinitions: \n1. sphingomyelin \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd phospholipid with sphingosine \n2. ceramide \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd sphingosine plus long chain fatty acid \n3. cerebroside \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd ceramide plus hexose sugar \n4. ganglioside \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd ceramide and sialic acid \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Pneumoperitoneum", "Causes": ["Bowel perforation", "Laparotomy", "Laparoscopy", "Duodenal perforation"], "Effects": ["Air under diaphragm", "Rigler sign", "Cupola sign", "Football sign"]}
,{"Name": "Mesangial hypercellularity", "Causes": ["Proliferative glomerulonephritis", "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Hutchinson incisor", "Synonyms": ["Hutchinson's incisors", "Peg-shaped incisor", "Hutchinson's teeth"], "Causes": ["Congenital syphilis", "Hutchinson's triad"], "Parents": ["Tooth sign"], "Description": ["\"Widely spaced peg-shaped upper incisors with crescentic notch at the cutting edge\""]}
,{"Name": "Granuloma inguinale", "Synonyms": ["Donovanosis"], "Causes": ["Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis"], "Effects": ["Genital ulcer", "Donovan bodies"], "Parents": ["Venereal disease"], "Treatments": ["Erythromycin", "Tetracycline"], "Description": ["\" Calymmatobacterium granulomatis=Klebsiella granulomatis\n\nCLINICALLY:\n-painless", "\"beefy-red ulcer\" with a characteristic rolled edge of granulation tissue.\n-can be mistaken for syphilis\n-In contrast to syphilitic ulcers", "inguinal lymphadenopathy is generally absent.\n\nDIAGNOSIS\nBiopsy and Wright-Giemsa stain - Deep purple Donovan bodies.\""]}
,{"Name": "Mood disturbance", "Synonyms": ["Emotional disturbance"], "Causes": ["Organic mood disorder"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric sign"], "Children": ["Anxiety", "Low affect", "Melancholia", "Elation", "Flat affect", "Aggression", "Emotional lability"]}
,{"Name": "Upper respiratory tract infection", "Synonyms": ["URTI"], "Causes": ["Rhinovirus", "Influenza virus", "Parvovirus", "Parainfluenza virus", "Respiratory syncytial virus"], "Effects": ["Rhinorrhoea", "Sneeze", "Cacosmia", "Polyphonic wheeze", "Cough"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Serratia marascens", "Parents": ["Enterobacteriaceae"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudodementia", "Causes": ["Depression", "Hypothyroidism"], "Parents": ["Dementia"], "Description": ["\"Pseudodementia:\n -History  is short and abrupt onset", "while dementia is more often insidious.\n -They will often answer that they don't know the answer to a question.\n -Attention and concentration intact.\n\nTrue dementia :\n -will give the wrong answers", "- poor concentration", "- appear indifferent or unconcerned.\""]}
,{"Name": "Haemosiderosis", "Synonyms": ["Haemosiderin deposition"], "Causes": ["Haemolytic anaemia", "Haemochromatosis"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Children": ["Hepatic haemosiderosis", "Cutaneous haemosiderosis"]}
,{"Name": "Di Gugliemo syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Acute erythroleukaemia"], "Effects": ["Megaloblastic anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "MTM1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["X-linked tubular myopathy"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq28\""]}
,{"Name": "Gene mutation", "Parents": ["Mutation"], "Children": ["Disease due to genetic mutation", "Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Eosinophilia", "Synonyms": ["Eosinophilic leukocytosis"], "Causes": ["Allergic disorder", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Interleukin-3", "Helminth", "Cholesterol embolus", "Addison disease", "Platelet activating factor", "Loffler's eosinophilic carditis", "Sarcoidosis", "Katayama fever", "Filarial worm", "Eosinophilic pneumonia", "Capreomycin", "Gold"], "Effects": ["Charcot-Leyden crystal"], "Parents": ["Leukocytosis"], "Children": ["Hypereosinophilic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Benzyl benzoate", "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Scabies", "Pediculosis capitis"]}
,{"Name": "Paromycin", "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Treats": ["Leishmania donovani"]}
,{"Name": "Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "Causes": ["Group A streptococcus"], "Effects": ["Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Proliferative glomerulonephritis", "Rheumatic fever", "Sydenham's chorea", "Raised antistreptolysin O titre", "Raised ESR", "Erythema nodosum", "Acquired complement deficiency"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease"], "Description": ["\"25% have normal renal function\n10% have normal ASOT\""]}
,{"Name": "Raised intracranial pressure", "Synonyms": ["Raised ICP", "High intracranial pressure", "High ICP", "Intracranial hypertension"], "Causes": ["Intracranial space occupying lesion", "Blocked CSF drainage", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Meningitis", "Malignant hypertension", "Cerebral oedema", "Acoustic neuroma", "Craniopharyngioma"], "Effects": ["Secondary headache", "Nausea and vomiting", "Drowsiness", "Sinus bradycardia", "Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Papilloedema", "Seizure", "Delirium", "Stupor", "Coma", "Brain herniation", "Herniation of cerebellar tonsils", "Coning of medulla", "Pulsatile tinnitus", "Hypertension", "Cushing's triad", "Herniation of uncus", "Terson syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Papular rash", "Synonyms": ["Papule"], "Parents": ["Rash"], "Children": ["Violaceous papule", "Condyloma lata", "Gottron papules", "Pruritic papules"]}
,{"Name": "Episodic ataxia 1", "Synonyms": ["EA1", "KCNA1 mutation", "Voltage gated potassium channel mutation"], "Parents": ["Channelopathy"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 12p", "controls repolarisation in axons\""]}
,{"Name": "Elfin facies", "Causes": ["Williams syndrome"], "Description": ["\"flattened nasal bridge", "prominent philtrum\""]}
,{"Name": "Emotional stress", "Synonyms": ["Stress", "Emotion", "Psychological stress"], "Causes": ["Surgery", "Malnutrition", "Severe illness", "Fever"], "Effects": ["Sinus tachycardia", "Chronic headache", "Vasovagal reflex", "Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis malfunction", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Crohn's disease", "Ulcerative colitis", "Telogen effluvium", "Increased growth hormone secretion", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Stress polycythaemia", "Bruxism", "Migraine", "Geophagy", "Anxiety disorder", "Psoriasis", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Non-immunological urticaria"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Anxiety"], "Treatments": ["Benzodiazepine"]}
,{"Name": "CHD7 gene mutation", "Effects": ["CHARGE syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 8q12.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Endovascular closure of ASD", "Treats": ["Atrial septal defect"]}
,{"Name": "Rinne sign", "Causes": ["Conductive deafness"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign"], "Description": ["\"Sound is louder on mastoid bone than through air\""]}
,{"Name": "Multiple sclerosis", "Synonyms": ["MS"], "Causes": ["HLA-DR2", "Ulcerative colitis", "Caucasian", "Female gender"], "Effects": ["Demyelination of central nervous system", "Optic neuritis", "Oligoclonal bands in CSF", "Transverse myelitis", "Trigeminal neuralgia", "Narcolepsy", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Neurogenic bladder", "Impotence", "Internuclear ophthalmoplegia", "Lhermitte phenomenon", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Lymphocytic cerebrospinal fluid", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Pseudobulbar palsy", "Neurological mental disorder", "Tinnitus", "Staccato speech", "Uhtoff phenomenon", "Charcot's neurological triad"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease", "Autoimmune neurological disease"], "Children": ["Devic syndrome"], "Treatments": ["Interferon beta", "Physiotherapy", "Methylprednisolone", "Plasmapheresis", "Cyclophosphamide", "Natalizumab", "Mitoxantrone"]}
,{"Name": "Enlarged tonsil", "Parents": ["Localised lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Capsulated organism", "Causes": ["Hyposplenism", "Common variable immunodeficiency", "C3 deficiency", "Acquired low C3"], "Parents": ["Bacterial infection"], "Children": ["Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Meningococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Superficial spreading melanoma", "Parents": ["Malignant melanoma"], "Description": ["\"commonest type\""]}
,{"Name": "Beta haemolytic streptococcus", "Synonyms": ["Beta-haemolytic streptococcus", "B-haemolytic streptococcus"], "Parents": ["Streptococcus"], "Children": ["Group A streptococcus", "Group B streptococcus", "Group D streptococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Charcot triad", "Synonyms": ["Charcot's triad"], "Causes": ["Ascending cholangitis"], "Effects": ["Abdominal colic", "Jaundice"]}
,{"Name": "Boxing", "Effects": ["Chronic traumatic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Migratory polyarthritis", "Causes": ["Rheumatic fever", "Dermatomyositis", "Inflammatory bowel associated arthritis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Behcet disease", "Drug-induced lupus", "Familial mediterranean fever", "Chikungunya", "Bowel bypass syndrome", "Stickler syndrome"], "Parents": ["Arthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Adult T-cell lymphoma", "Causes": ["HTLV-1"], "Effects": ["Osteolysis"], "Parents": ["Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma"]}
,{"Name": "Bleomycin", "Effects": ["Apical lung fibrosis", "Drug toxic to lung", "Raynaud phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug"], "Treats": ["Seminoma", "Teratoma", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Squamous cell tumour", "Malignant pleural effusion", "Craniopharyngioma"], "Description": ["\"Toxicity:\n1% of patients treated die of pulmonary fibrosis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Acid ingestion", "Effects": ["Increased H ion intake", "Oesophagitis"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Low follicle-stimulating hormone", "Synonyms": ["Low FSH", "Reduced follicle stimulating hormone", "Decreased FSH"], "Causes": ["Polycystic ovary syndrome"], "Parents": ["Sex hormone imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Ventricular septal defect", "Synonyms": ["VSD"], "Causes": ["Tetralogy of Fallot", "Myocardial infarction", "Down syndrome", "Turner syndrome", "Atrioventricular septal defect", "Septal damage", "Edward's syndrome", "Patau syndrome", "Trisomy 9", "Holt-Oram syndrome", "DiGeorge syndrome"], "Effects": ["Pansystolic murmur", "Wide splitting of second heart sound", "Third heart sound", "Left ventricular failure", "Right bundle branch block", "Infective endocarditis", "Preductal coarctation"], "Parents": ["Left to right shunt", "Acyanotic heart disease"], "Children": ["Maladie de Roger"], "Description": ["\"5% associated with AR\n\nMost cases do not need treatment and heal in the first years of life. \n\nIndications for treatment:\na)Failure of CCF to respond to medication.\nb)VSD with pulmonic stenosis\n\nRepair difficult because conducting system is in the immediate vicinit.\""]}
,{"Name": "Gene ELN  ATP6  V0A2  ATP7A", "Effects": ["Cutis laxa"]}
,{"Name": "Oligodactyly", "Causes": ["Cornelia de Lange syndrome"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy", "Synonyms": ["Acquired DCM"], "Causes": ["Myocarditis", "Alcoholism", "Daunorubicin", "Doxorubicin", "Down syndrome", "Thiamine deficiency", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Tacrolimus", "Endomyocardial fibrosis", "Selenium deficiency"], "Parents": ["Nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Pompholyx eczema", "Effects": ["Bulla"], "Parents": ["Dermatitis"], "Description": ["\"Mainly on hands\""]}
,{"Name": "Autonomic neuropathy", "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Eaton-Lambert syndrome", "Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy", "Aromatic acid decarboxylase deficiency", "Riley-Day syndrome", "Amyloid light chain"], "Effects": ["Postural hypotension", "Vasovagal reflex", "Impotence", "Neurogenic bladder", "Incontinence", "Diarrhoea", "Constipation", "Sluggish pupillary reflex", "Anhidrosis"], "Parents": ["Dysautonomia", "Peripheral neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Palpable gall bladder", "Causes": ["Courvoisier sign"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Unprotected sex", "Effects": ["Human immunodeficiency virus", "Venereal disease"]}
,{"Name": "High high density lipoprotein", "Synonyms": ["High HDL", "Raised high density lipoprotein", "Raised HDL"], "Causes": ["Alcohol", "Exercise", "High oestrogen", "Clofibrate"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Beta thalassaemia", "Synonyms": ["Beta-thalassaemia"], "Causes": ["HbB gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Crew haircut appearance"], "Parents": ["Thalassaemia"], "Children": ["Beta thalassaemia major", "Beta thalassaemia minor"], "Description": ["\"Globin beta chain on Chromosome 11p\""]}
,{"Name": "Ascending cholangitis", "Causes": ["Common bile duct obstruction", "Cholelithiasis", "Cholestasis"], "Effects": ["Charcot triad", "Biliary stricture", "Liver abscess", "Rigor"], "Parents": ["Local infection"], "Treatments": ["Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography"]}
,{"Name": "Sick euthyroidism", "Synonyms": ["Sick euthyroid syndrome"], "Causes": ["Impaired deiodination of T4", "Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis malfunction", "Low thyroxine-binding globulin", "Low transthyretin", "Hypoalbuminaemia"], "Effects": ["Hypothyroidism", "Low thyroid stimulating hormone", "Low triiodothyronine"], "Parents": ["Thyroid disease"]}
,{"Name": "Mediastinal shift", "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Allergic disorder", "Synonyms": ["Allergy"], "Effects": ["Eosinophilia", "Laryngitis"], "Children": ["Asthma", "Allergic contact dermatitis", "Drug reaction", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis", "Allergic rhinitis"], "Description": ["\"Any exaggerated immune response to a foreign antigen regardless of mechanism.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Fluid levels", "Causes": ["Small bowel obstruction"], "Parents": ["Abdominal X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Increased tactile vocal fremitus", "Causes": ["Consolidation"], "Parents": ["Chest sign"]}
,{"Name": "Polio", "Parents": ["Notifiable disease"]}
,{"Name": "H2-antagonist", "Parents": ["Antihistamine"], "Children": ["Ranitidine", "Cimetidine"], "Treats": ["Zollinger-Ellison syndrome", "Stress ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Left atrial hypertrophy", "Causes": ["Mitral stenosis", "Mitral regurgitation", "Chronic constrictive pericarditis", "Pneumonia", "Hypertension", "Left ventricular outflow obstruction", "Aortic regurgitation"], "Effects": ["Atrial fibrillation", "Left atrial thrombosis", "P mitrale", "Ortner's cardiovocal syndrome"], "Parents": ["Echocardiography sign"], "Description": ["\"less common in MR\""]}
,{"Name": "High human placental lactogen", "Causes": ["Hormonal change in pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "Motor conduction block", "Causes": ["Multifocal motor neuropathy", "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Peripheral neuropathy"], "Effects": ["Hyporeflexia"], "Parents": ["Electrophysiological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Surgery", "Synonyms": ["Surgical therapy", "Surgical treatment", "Operation"], "Effects": ["Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Treatment"], "Children": ["General Surgery", "Neck surgery", "Ophthalmological surgery", "Brain surgery", "Breast surgery", "Abdominal surgery", "ENT surgery", "Transplant Surgery", "Extensive surgery", "Gynaecological surgery", "Thoracic surgery", "Orthopaedic surgery", "Vascular surgery", "Urological Surgery", "Prosthesis", "Facial surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Circumlocution", "Synonyms": ["Paraphrasia", "Paraphrasing", "Circumlocutory speech"], "Causes": ["Progressive nonfluent aphasia", "Temporal lobe lesion", "Semantic dementia"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Aquaporin-4 antibody", "Effects": ["Devic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Alport syndrome", "Causes": ["Goodpasture antigen mutation"], "Effects": ["Hereditary nephritis", "Haematuria", "Proteinuria", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Chronic renal failure", "Congenital cataract", "Dislocation of lens", "Myopia", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Congenital deafness", "Sensorineural deafness", "Tracheobronchial leiomyomatosis", "Macrothrombocytopaenia", "Hyperprolinaemia", "Alport's triad", "Lenticonus", "Corneal arcus"], "Parents": ["Genetic collagen disease", "X-linked dominant disorder", "Autosomal dominant disorder", "Congenital renal disease"], "Description": ["\"usually X linked dominant\nthinning and splitting of glomerular basement membrane\n5% develop anti-GBM after transplant\n\nMutation of  genes in collagen synthesis:\n Defective basement membranes in the kidney", "inner ear", "and eye.\""]}
,{"Name": "Dysautonomia", "Synonyms": ["Autonomic dysfunction"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Children": ["Holmes-Adie syndrome", "Autonomic nervous hyperactivity", "Sick sinus syndrome", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Autonomic dysreflexia", "Ross syndrome"], "Treatments": ["Mineralocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Salpingectomy", "Parents": ["Gynaecological surgery"], "Treats": ["Ectopic pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "Nephrolithotomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Renal calculi"]}
,{"Name": "Pruritus", "Synonyms": ["Itching", "Pruritic rash"], "Causes": ["Skin irritation", "Dermatitis", "Urticaria", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Scabies", "Hyperbilirubinaemia", "Thyroid disease", "Uraemia", "Polycythaemia", "Lymphoma", "Pregnancy", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Carbimazole", "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Psoriasis", "Prurigo nodularis", "Lichen simplex", "Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy", "Pemphigoid gestationis", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Chilblains", "Mycosis fungoides", "Caisson disease", "Morvan syndrome", "Trichomoniasis", "Darier disease", "Haemodialysis"], "Effects": ["Excoriation"], "Parents": ["Cutaneous symptom"], "Children": ["Pruritic papules", "Swimmers' itch", "Vulval pruritus"], "Treatments": ["Cholestyramine"]}
,{"Name": "Ketoacidosis", "Causes": ["Ketosis"], "Parents": ["Metabolic acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Chromosome 6 mutation", "Parents": ["Chromosome mutation"], "Children": ["RUNX2 gene mutation", "HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Nasal speech", "Causes": ["Bulbar palsy", "Vagus palsy", "DiGeorge syndrome"], "Parents": ["Dysphonia"]}
,{"Name": "Bowel irritation by drug", "Synonyms": ["Drug irritating bowel", "Drug-induced gastroenteropathy"], "Causes": ["Chemotheraputic drug", "Alcohol", "Cimetidine", "Laxative abuse", "Misoprostol", "Propranolol", "Metformin", "5-aminosalicylic acid", "Nelfinavir", "Mycophenolate mofetil", "Gold"], "Effects": ["Diarrhoea"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Flat nasal bridge", "Causes": ["Achondroplasia", "DiGeorge syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Calabar swelling", "Causes": ["Loa loa"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Description": ["\"Limb swelling\na transient subcutaneous swelling marking the migratory course through the tissues of the \nadult filarial  worm Loa Loa\""]}
,{"Name": "Ileitis", "Effects": ["Vitamin B12 malabsorption"]}
,{"Name": "Cataplexy", "Synonyms": ["REM sleep during wakefulness"], "Causes": ["Narcolepsy"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"], "Description": ["\"Loss of axial tone when laughing\nRx clomipramine\""]}
,{"Name": "Monosomy 5p", "Effects": ["Cri-du-chat syndrome"], "Parents": ["Chromosomal abnormalities"]}
,{"Name": "Shifting dullness", "Causes": ["Ascites"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hypospadias", "Causes": ["Trisomy 22", "CHARGE syndrome"], "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Interstitial keratitis", "Synonyms": ["Corneal stroma inflammation"], "Causes": ["Congenital syphilis", "Herpes simplex virus", "Lyme disease", "River blindness", "Cogan syndrome", "Acne rosacea", "Hutchinson's triad", "Keratomycosis"], "Effects": ["Photophobia", "Corneal opacity", "Salmon patch cornea", "Stromal neovascularization"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Non-ulcerative", "stromal keratitis. \nNew blood vessels grow into the cornea.\nSerious condition.\nCornea is severely scarred . \nWill need a cornea transplant.\nSteroids minimize scarring.\""]}
,{"Name": "Sodium restriction", "Treats": ["Nephrotic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Immunoreactive trypsin test", "Synonyms": ["IRTT"], "Causes": ["Cystic fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Renal tubular damage", "Causes": ["Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Acute tubular necrosis", "CMV nephritis", "Kidney transplant rejection", "Lysozyme kidney damage"], "Effects": ["Hypokalaemia", "Tubular casts", "Proteinuria", "Distal renal tubule acidosis", "Impaired concentrating ability"], "Parents": ["Renal tubular disease"]}
,{"Name": "Bulimia nervosa", "Effects": ["Anorexia", "Distorted body image", "Repeated vomiting"], "Parents": ["Eating disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Phakomatosis", "Synonyms": ["Neurocutaneous syndrome", "Neuroectodermal syndrome"], "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Children": ["Neurofibromatosis", "Tuberous sclerosis", "Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Sturge-Weber syndrome"], "Description": ["\"neuro-oculo-cutaneous syndromes\""]}
,{"Name": "Wound infection", "Causes": ["Surgery", "Trauma", "Penetrating injury"], "Parents": ["Soft tissue infection"]}
,{"Name": "Melaena", "Synonyms": ["Occult faecal blood", "Faecal occult blood", "Malaena"], "Causes": ["Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Epistaxis"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy", "Synonyms": ["MNGIE", "Thymidine phosphorylase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mitochondrial chromosome disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Nevirapine", "Effects": ["Drug rash"], "Parents": ["Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Causes": ["Diabetic nephropathy", "Renal amyloidosis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Fabry disease", "Alport syndrome", "Hepatitis B", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Disseminated cancer", "Renal vein thrombosis", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Captopril", "Penicillamine", "Lithium", "Gold"], "Parents": ["Nephrotic syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Adult prognosis is variable and largely related to the underlying cause", "In adults", "diabetes mellitus is the most common secondary cause\""]}
,{"Name": "Liver transplant", "Parents": ["Transplant Surgery"], "Treats": ["Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Wilson's disease", "Hepatoblastoma"]}
,{"Name": "Leukonychia", "Synonyms": ["Leuconychia", "White nails"], "Causes": ["Hypoalbuminaemia", "Paraproteinaemia"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Fasciculation", "Causes": ["Lower motor neurone lesion", "Depolarising blocker", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Hyponatraemia", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Lithium"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Tongue fasciculation"]}
,{"Name": "Green skin", "Causes": ["Meconium aspiration"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"]}
,{"Name": "Methoxsalen", "Effects": ["Photosensitivity dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Ebola virus", "Effects": ["Viral haemorrhagic shock", "Epidemic haemorrhagic fever", "Viral hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Viral infection"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase", "Effects": ["Type I diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Raised red cell mass", "Synonyms": ["Raised RCM"], "Causes": ["Polycythaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Ureteric stent insertion", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Retroperitoneal fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Superoxide dismutase gene mutation", "Synonyms": ["SOD1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Motor neurone disease"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Eisenmenger syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Shunt reversal"], "Causes": ["Left to right shunt", "Pulmonary hypertension"], "Effects": ["Right to left shunt"], "Parents": ["Cyanotic congenital heart disease"], "Description": ["\"Pulmonary hypertension secondary to the Lt-Rt shunt", "increases the pressure in the Rt heart", "and reverses the shunt\""]}
,{"Name": "Centrilobular emphysema", "Synonyms": ["Centriacinar emphysema"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking"], "Parents": ["Emphysema"]}
,{"Name": "Exercise", "Synonyms": ["Exertion", "Effort"], "Effects": ["Sinus tachycardia", "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Increased growth hormone secretion", "High high density lipoprotein", "Proteinuria", "Tam-Horsfall protein", "Osteoarthritis", "Sweating", "Acquired lactate acidosis", "Athletic heart"]}
,{"Name": "Mycobacterium kansasii", "Parents": ["Mycobacterial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Cefuroxime", "Parents": ["Cephalosporin"]}
,{"Name": "Echinococcosis", "Synonyms": ["Hydatid disease", "Echinococcus granulosus"], "Effects": ["Hydatid cyst", "Splenic response to infection", "Casoni intradermal test positive"], "Parents": ["Cestode", "Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["excision of cyst", "aspiration of cyst", "Mebendazole"]}
,{"Name": "Metabolic alkalosis", "Causes": ["Milk-alkali syndrome", "Blood transfusion", "Intravenous bicarbonate", "Repeated vomiting", "Thiazide", "Hyperaldosteronism", "Cushing syndrome", "Bartter syndrome", "Liddle syndrome", "Liquorice", "Renal artery stenosis"], "Effects": ["Hypokalaemia"], "Parents": ["Alkalosis"]}
,{"Name": "Phosphaturic factor secretion", "Causes": ["Mesenchymal tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Osteopetrosis", "Synonyms": ["Marble bone disease", "Albers-Schoenberg disease"], "Effects": ["Bone marrow suppression", "Pathological fracture", "Hip fracture", "Sclerosis of bone"], "Parents": ["Metabolic bone disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Treatments": ["Vitamin D", "Interferon gamma", "Bone marrow transplant"], "Description": ["\"osteoclast dysfunction.\nMultiple genes involved.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cetuximab", "Synonyms": ["Erbitux"], "Parents": ["Monoclonal antibody", "EGFR inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Squamous cell tumour", "Colorectal carcinoma"], "Description": ["\"EGFR inhibitor.\""]}
,{"Name": "Anti-cardiolipin antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anticardiolipin antibody"], "Effects": ["Antiphospholipid syndrome"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Regurgitation", "Causes": ["Oesophagitis", "Zenker diverticulum", "Pharyngeal pouch"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Intravenous urogram sign", "Parents": ["Radiological investigation"], "Children": ["Calyceal clubbing", "Hydronephrosis", "Pelviureteric junction obstruction", "Filling defect", "Moth eaten calyx"]}
,{"Name": "Sling", "Treats": ["Clavicle Fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Bleeding from wound", "Synonyms": ["Haemorrhage from wound"], "Causes": ["Abdominal surgery", "Penetrating injury", "Extensive surgery"], "Effects": ["Acute blood loss"]}
,{"Name": "Surgery for intestinal cancer", "Effects": ["Enterocutaneous fitsula"]}
,{"Name": "Depression", "Synonyms": ["Major depression"], "Causes": ["Life event", "Bipolar disorder", "Schizophrenia", "Puerperal period", "Hypothyroidism", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Hypercalcaemia", "Cushing syndrome", "Polymyalgia rheumatica", "Reserpine", "Nicotinic acid deficiency"], "Effects": ["Low affect", "Flat affect", "Mental slowing", "Anergia", "Melancholia", "Early morning waking", "Anorexia", "Loss of libido", "Suicidal ideation", "Anxiety", "Delusion of guilt", "Delusion", "Fatigue", "Alcoholism", "Stupor", "Low self-esteem", "Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis malfunction", "Decreased gut motility", "Pseudodementia", "Pseudocushings", "Tearfulness", "Obesity", "Malnutrition"], "Parents": ["Affective disorder"], "Treatments": ["Tricyclic antidepressant"], "Description": ["\"Prevalence 5%\nLifetime incidence 15%\n40 upwards\n\nRelapse 80% in 10 years\""]}
,{"Name": "Rolling gait", "Causes": ["Acromegaly"], "Parents": ["Gait"]}
,{"Name": "Childhood deafness", "Causes": ["Otitis media", "Meningitis", "Head injury", "Aminoglycoside"], "Parents": ["Acquired childhood disease"]}
,{"Name": "Lysosomal storage disorder", "Synonyms": ["Storage disorder"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Glycogen storage disorder", "Lipid storage disorder", "Mucopolysaccharidosis", "Mucolipidosis", "Glycoproteinosis", "Aspartylglucosaminuria", "Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome"], "Description": ["\"classified by nature of the primary stored material involved.\""]}
,{"Name": "Increased alveolar capillary permeability", "Synonyms": ["Increased pulmonary vascular permeability", "Leaky pulmonary capillaries"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary microvascular injury"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary oedema"]}
,{"Name": "Sandfly bite", "Synonyms": ["Phlebotomus fly"], "Effects": ["Leishmania major", "Leishmania donovani"], "Parents": ["Insect bite"]}
,{"Name": "Buerger disease", "Synonyms": ["Thromboangiitis obliterans", "B\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrger disease", "Burger disease"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking"], "Effects": ["Absent arterial pulse", "Low ankle brachial pressure index"], "Parents": ["Primary vasculitis"]}
,{"Name": "Naphthalene", "Parents": ["Dye"]}
,{"Name": "Paroxysmal myoglobinuria", "Synonyms": ["Meyer-Betz syndrome"], "Effects": ["Myoglobinuria", "Myalgia", "Raised creatine kinase", "Fever"]}
,{"Name": "Romberg sign", "Synonyms": ["Romberg test positive", "Rombergism", "Rhomberg sign", "Rhomberg test"], "Causes": ["Dorsal column lesion"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"Pronounced truncal sway when standing with eyes closed.\""]}
,{"Name": "Collagen vascular disease", "Synonyms": ["Mixed connective tissue disorder"], "Effects": ["Basal lung fibrosis", "Exudate pleural effusion", "Monocytosis", "Peripheral neuropathy", "Sterile inflammation", "Pericarditis"], "Parents": ["Connective tissue disease"], "Children": ["Rheumatoid disease", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis", "Dermatomyositis", "Polymyositis", "Sjogren syndrome", "Raynaud disease"]}
,{"Name": "Perioral spots", "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cholasma", "Synonyms": ["Melasma"], "Causes": ["High oestriol", "Female gender", "Asian origin", "Pregnancy", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Sun exposure", "Polygenic inheritance", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"], "Treatments": ["Hydroquinone", "All-trans retinoic acid", "Azelaic acid"], "Description": ["\"Brown patches esp. on face\nincrease in the level of melanin\nGreek chloazein", "to be green (misnomer)\nMost cases resolve eventually", "but can take a long time. \""]}
,{"Name": "Cholesterol binding salt", "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"], "Children": ["Ursodeoxycholic acid"]}
,{"Name": "Acute urinary retention", "Synonyms": ["Acute retention"], "Causes": ["Bladder outflow obstruction", "Abdominal surgery", "Urethral injury", "Urethral sphincter dysfunction"], "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain"], "Description": ["\"Treatment:\nUrethral Catheterisation\nSuprapubic catheterisation\""]}
,{"Name": "Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm", "Causes": ["Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm"], "Effects": ["Aortic regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Aneurysmal rupture"]}
,{"Name": "Parasitic meningitis", "Causes": ["Babesiosis", "Malaria"], "Parents": ["Aseptic meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Lipid-lowering drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Clofibrate", "Bezafibrate", "Fenofibrate", "Gemfibrozil", "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor", "Bile acid binding resin", "Nicotinic acid", "Probucol", "Neomycin"]}
,{"Name": "PAX3 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Waardenburg syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy", "Synonyms": ["Boxer's dementia", "Punch-drunk syndrome", "Boxer's encephalopathy", "Dementia pugilistica"], "Causes": ["Boxing", "Football", "Blast injury"], "Effects": ["Parkinsonism", "Early onset dementia"], "Parents": ["Traumatic encephalopathy"], "Description": ["\"long latent period - 15 yrs after commencing boxing!\nAffects 20% 0f boxers\""]}
,{"Name": "Ketosis", "Synonyms": ["Ketotic foetor", "Ketone smell"], "Causes": ["Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Starvation", "Alcoholism", "Maple syrup urine disease", "Hyperemesis gravidarum", "Von Gierke disease", "Ketogenic diet"], "Effects": ["Ketoacidosis"], "Parents": ["Breath smell", "Biochemical investigation"], "Description": ["\"Ketosis is a metabolic state where energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood.\""]}
,{"Name": "Left to right shunt", "Synonyms": ["Left-right shunt"], "Causes": ["Atrial septal defect"], "Effects": ["Left ventricular failure", "Right ventricular failure", "Eisenmenger syndrome", "Increased KCO", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension"], "Parents": ["Shunt"], "Children": ["Atrial septal defect", "Ventricular septal defect", "Patent ductus arteriosus"]}
,{"Name": "Duodenojejunitis", "Causes": ["Henoch-Schonlein purpura"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Hiccup", "Synonyms": ["Hiccough", "Singultus"], "Causes": ["Uraemic encephalopathy", "Ethosuximide"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"], "Treatments": ["Valsalva manoevure", "Chlorpromazine"]}
,{"Name": "Abscess", "Parents": ["Soft tissue infection", "General pathology"], "Children": ["Cold abscess", "Pyogenic abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Inflammatory bowel associated arthritis", "Synonyms": ["IBD-associated arthritis"], "Causes": ["Inflammatory bowel disease"], "Effects": ["Migratory polyarthritis", "Sacroiliitis"], "Parents": ["Seronegative spondyloarthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Tea", "Effects": ["Theophylline", "Hyperoxaluria", "Caffeine"], "Parents": ["Drink"]}
,{"Name": "Asterixis", "Synonyms": ["Wrist flap", "Coarse wrist tremor", "Flapping tremor", "Encephalopathic flap", "Negative myoclonus"], "Causes": ["Hypercapnia", "Hepatic encephalopathy", "Uraemic encephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Tremor", "Myoclonus"]}
,{"Name": "All-trans retinoic acid", "Synonyms": ["ATRA"], "Effects": ["Benign intracranial hypertension"], "Parents": ["Vitamin", "Isotretinoin"], "Treats": ["Cholasma"]}
,{"Name": "Renal calculi", "Synonyms": ["Renal stones", "Kidney stones", "Nephrolithiasis", "Renal calculus"], "Causes": ["Hypercalciuria", "Medullary sponge kidney", "Indinavir", "Topiramate", "Alkaptonuria", "Dent syndrome", "Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Haematuria", "Loin pain", "Ureteric obstruction", "Pyelonephritis", "Sterile pyuria", "Urinary tract infection"], "Parents": ["Renal disease", "Genito-urinary pathology", "Urological disease", "Abdominal X-ray sign"], "Children": ["Calcium oxalate stone", "Uric acid stone", "Calcium phosphate stone", "Cystine stone", "Struvite stone", "Orotic acid stone"], "Treatments": ["Nephrolithotomy", "Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy", "Pyelolithotomy"]}
,{"Name": "Lorazepam", "Parents": ["Benzodiazepine"]}
,{"Name": "Acute kidney injury", "Synonyms": ["ARF", "Acute renal failure", "AKI"], "Causes": ["Shock", "Acute tubular necrosis", "Acute pancreatitis", "Aortic dissection", "Acute nephritic syndrome", "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome", "Hepatorenal syndrome", "Myoglobinuria", "Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Renal arteriosclerosis", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Tumour lysis syndrome", "Cholesterol embolus", "Hyperemesis gravidarum", "Scleroderma renal crisis"], "Effects": ["Malignant hypertension", "Chronic renal failure", "High endothelin-1"], "Parents": ["Renal failure"], "Treatments": ["Dialysis"], "Description": ["\"i.e. prerenal", "postrenal or renal\n\nManagement:\nA. Management in oliguric phase :\n\n   a )Restrict fluid intake :\n    - Daily I/O chart\n    - Intake = previous day output + 500 ml\n  \n   b) Correct  acidosis with bicarbonate \n\n   c) Correct hyperkalemia\n\n\nB. Management in polyuric phase:\n     - Output may rise to 5L/day. \n    -  NaCl or K supplements\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Renal sodium and water loss", "Causes": ["Polyuric renal failure", "Diuretic excess", "Impaired concentrating ability", "Decreased aldosterone", "HIV-associated nephropathy"], "Effects": ["Hyponatraemia", "Dehydration"]}
,{"Name": "Entropion", "Causes": ["Old age", "Trachoma", "Congenital entropion"], "Effects": ["Superficial keratitis"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Treatments": ["Eyelid reconstruction", "Botulinum toxin"], "Description": ["\" lower lid eyelid folds inward.\""]}
,{"Name": "Rheumatoid factor positive", "Synonyms": ["IgM rheumatoid factor positive", "Anti-IgG Fc IgM"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid disease", "Infective endocarditis", "Leprosy"], "Effects": ["Rose-Waaler test positive"], "Parents": ["Immunological investigation"], "Description": ["\"Found in 70% of rheumatoid arthritis", "and 100% of patients with rheumatoid nodules\""]}
,{"Name": "Left ventricular outflow obstruction", "Synonyms": ["LVOT obstruction"], "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"], "Effects": ["Left atrial hypertrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Spironolactone", "Effects": ["Decreased aldosterone", "Gynaecomastia"], "Parents": ["Aldosterone antagonist", "Potassium-sparing diuretic"], "Treats": ["Heart failure", "Acne vulgaris", "Ascites"]}
,{"Name": "Low total iron binding capacity", "Synonyms": ["Decreased total iron binding capacity", "Low TIBC"], "Causes": ["Anaemia of chronic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Haemodialysis", "Effects": ["Fatigue", "Nausea and vomiting", "Hypotension", "Rigor", "Cramp", "Pruritus", "Restless legs syndrome", "Increased folate loss", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "High aluminium", "Raised beta-2 microglobulin", "Acute Osteomyelitis", "Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Dialysis"], "Treats": ["Chronic renal failure", "End-stage renal failure"]}
,{"Name": "Sweaty palm", "Causes": ["Sweating", "Acromegaly", "Pachydermoperiostosis", "Thyrotoxicosis"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-soluble liver anigen", "Synonyms": ["Anti-SLA"], "Effects": ["Chronic active hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Drug induced agranulocytosis", "Causes": ["Aminopyrine", "Chloramphenicol", "Carbamazepine", "Sulphasalazine"], "Effects": ["Ineffective granulopoiesis"]}
,{"Name": "Alcoholic heart disease", "Effects": ["Atrial fibrillation"]}
,{"Name": "Splenic thrombosis", "Parents": ["Venous thrombosis"]}
,{"Name": "Thickened basement membrane", "Synonyms": ["Basement membrane thickening"], "Causes": ["Diabetic nephropathy"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Labetolol", "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Tic doloureux", "Causes": ["Trigeminal neuralgia"]}
,{"Name": "Parathyroid carcinoma", "Effects": ["Primary hyperparathyroidism"]}
,{"Name": "Imatinib", "Synonyms": ["Glivec"], "Parents": ["EGFR inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma", "Chronic myeloid leukaemia"], "Description": ["\"a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor.\nworks by preventing a tyrosine kinase enzyme", "in this case BCR-Abl", "from phosphorylating proteins and initiatingthe signalling cascade necessary for cancer growth and survival\n\nBecause the BCR-Abl tyrosine kinase enzyme exists only in cancer cells and not in healthy cells", "imatinib works asa form of targeted therapy\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdonly cancer cells are killed through the drug's action\n\nexceptionally expensive cancer drugs", "costing $92", "000 a year\""]}
,{"Name": "Bowel wall thickening", "Causes": ["Crohn's disease"]}
,{"Name": "Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome", "Synonyms": ["WPW syndrome"], "Causes": ["PRKAG2 gene  mutation"], "Effects": ["Supraventricular tachycardia", "Atrial fibrillation", "Loud first heart sound", "Delta wave", "Short PR interval"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Acyanotic heart disease"], "Children": ["Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type B"], "Description": ["\"Familial in 50%\r\nGene PKRAG2\""]}
,{"Name": "Koilonychia", "Causes": ["Iron deficiency anaemia"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital myopathy", "Parents": ["Congenital muscle disease"], "Children": ["X-linked tubular myopathy", "Nemaline myopathy", "Centronuclear myopathy", "Central core myopathy"], "Description": ["\"comprises  40 conditions.\""]}
,{"Name": "Pain", "Effects": ["Vasovagal reflex", "Increased sympathetic tone"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Headache", "Eye pain", "Earache", "Neck pain", "Chest pain", "Hand pain", "Abdominal pain", "Groin pain", "Back pain", "Calf pain", "Claudication", "Arthralgia", "Foot pain", "Bone pain", "Myalgia", "Neuropathic pain", "Vulval pain", "Shooting pains", "Musculoskeletal pain", "Referred pain"], "Treatments": ["Opiate-receptor agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Thymic aplasia", "Synonyms": ["Athymia"], "Causes": ["DiGeorge syndrome", "Velocardiofacial syndrome"], "Effects": ["Severe T-cell immunodeficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Callosotomy", "Synonyms": ["Division of corpus callosum"], "Effects": ["Split brain"], "Parents": ["Brain surgery"], "Treats": ["Primary generalised epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm", "Effects": ["Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm"], "Parents": ["Aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Wiskott-Alrich syndrome"], "Causes": ["WAS gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Abnormal sialophorin", "Defective B-cell function", "Defective T-cell function"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency", "X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Heatstroke", "Effects": ["Rhabdomyolysis", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Hyperthermia"]}
,{"Name": "Plummer-Vinson syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Paterson-Kelly syndrome", "Plummer-Vinson-Kelly syndrome"], "Causes": ["Iron deficiency anaemia"], "Effects": ["Atrophic glossitis", "Oesophageal webs", "Postcricoid carcinoma", "Angular stomatitis", "Carcinoma of oesophagus"]}
,{"Name": "Chlamydia trachomatis infection", "Effects": ["Trachoma", "Phlyctenular conjunctivitis", "Atypical pneumonia", "Perihepatitis", "Keratoderma blenorrhagica", "Reiter's syndrome", "Infective conjunctivitis"], "Parents": ["Chlamydial infection"], "Treatments": ["Azithromycin", "Doxycycline", "Erythromycin"], "Description": ["\"10 times more common than Gonorrhea\n\nDIAGNOSIS\nPolymerase chain reaction DNA probe. \nTest Sensitivity 90%\nTest Specificity:94 to 99.5%\n\nChlamydia \n-Culture- required for medicolegal cases only\n-Sensitivity: 60-80%\n-Specificity: 100%\""]}
,{"Name": "Stress Fracture", "Effects": ["Sclerosis of bone"]}
,{"Name": "Early Inspiratory crepitation", "Causes": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"], "Parents": ["Crepitations"], "Description": ["\"Clear with coughing.\nsuggest decreased FEV1 capacity and are characteristic of COPD.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Miotics", "Treats": ["Chronic glaucoma"], "Description": ["\"Pilocarpine\""]}
,{"Name": "Cholecystitis", "Causes": ["Cholelithiasis"], "Effects": ["Epigastric pain", "Murphy sign positive", "Ruptured gall bladder", "Liver abscess", "Boas sign"], "Parents": ["Local infection", "Hepatobiliary pathology"], "Treatments": ["Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography"]}
,{"Name": "Klippel-Feil syndrome", "Causes": ["GDF3 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Short neck", "Low hairline", "Limited movement of spine", "Scoliosis", "Sprengel's shoulder"], "Parents": ["Spine deformity"], "Description": ["\"congenital fusion of any 2 of the 7 cervical vertebrae.\""]}
,{"Name": "Nelfinavir", "Effects": ["Bowel irritation by drug"], "Parents": ["Protease inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Myelodysplasia", "MDS"], "Causes": ["Irradiation"], "Effects": ["Ineffective granulopoiesis", "Bone marrow infiltration", "Lymphocytosis", "Monocytosis", "Atypical monocytes", "Transfusion-dependent anaemia", "Macrocytosis", "Acute myeloid leukaemia", "Sweet disease", "Ringed sideroblast", "Schistocytosis", "Pelger-Huet neutrophil", "Positive Ham's test"], "Parents": ["Haematological malignancy"], "Children": ["Refractory anaemia", "Refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts", "Refractory anaemia with excess of blasts", "Chronic myelomonocytic anaemia"], "Treatments": ["Multiple transfusion"], "Description": ["\"Heterogeneous group of conditions", "mainly clonal neoplasms.\nIncidence 22 in 100", "000 over the age of 70\nCommonly have deletions of 5q- (GM-CSF gene)\""]}
,{"Name": "Patchy lung infiltrates", "Causes": ["Meconium aspiration"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Protein restriction", "Treats": ["Phenylketonuria"]}
,{"Name": "MEN III", "Synonyms": ["MEN-3", "MEN 3", "MEN-III", "MEN IIB", "MEN-2B", "MEN 2B"], "Causes": ["c-ret oncogene mutation"], "Effects": ["Medullary thyroid cancer", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Neuroma"], "Parents": ["Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "High C-reactive protein", "Synonyms": ["High CRP", "Elevated CRP", "Raised CRP"], "Causes": ["Elevated serum acute phase proteins", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Azelaic acid", "Synonyms": ["Azelex"], "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Acne rosacea", "Acne vulgaris", "Cholasma"], "Description": ["\"found in wheat", "rye", "and barley. \nIt is a component of a number of hair and skin conditioners.\""]}
,{"Name": "Lisinopril", "Parents": ["Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Smooth philtrum", "Causes": ["Fetal alcohol syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Paraproteinaemia", "Causes": ["Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance", "Myeloma", "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Heavy chain disease", "Haematological malignancy", "Plasmacytoma", "POEMS syndrome"], "Effects": ["Raised ESR", "Monoclonal band", "Hyperviscosity", "Papilloedema", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Leukonychia"]}
,{"Name": "Uraemic frost", "Causes": ["Uraemia"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"]}
,{"Name": "Beta thalassaemia minor", "Synonyms": ["Beta-thalassaemia minor", "Thalassaemia trait"], "Parents": ["Beta thalassaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Rupture of oesophagus", "Synonyms": ["Ruptured oesophagus", "Boerhaave syndrome"], "Causes": ["Repeated vomiting", "Carcinoma of oesophagus"], "Effects": ["Pneumomediastinum", "Left sided pleural effusion", "Dull chest pain", "Mediastinitis"]}
,{"Name": "Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance", "Synonyms": ["MGUS", "Benign paraproteinaemia"], "Effects": ["Paraproteinaemia", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Peripheral neuropathy", "Myeloma", "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia", "Non-hodgkin lymphoma", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Crystalline keratopathy", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome", "Demyelination of peripheral nerve"], "Description": ["\"Over 10 yrs", "20% progress to malignancy\nOver 10 yrs", "37% show no disease progression\nIncidence 3% over 70 yrs\nMx electrophoresis every 6 months\n\nImmunoglobin cystals in cornea.\""]}
,{"Name": "Mastoid tenderness", "Causes": ["Acute mastoiditis"], "Parents": ["Neck sign"]}
,{"Name": "Potter syndrome", "Causes": ["Oligohydramnios"], "Effects": ["Induced Abortion", "Low-set ears"], "Description": ["\" A typical facies", "which is the result of oligohydramnios secondary to renal diseases:\n -  bilateral renal agenesis (BRA). \n - obstruction of the urinary tract", "- autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)", "Potter's facies: \n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Flattened 'parrot-beaked' nose.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Recessed chin.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Prominent epicanthal folds.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Low-set", "cartilage-deficient ears (known as 'Potter's ears').\n\n\nPotter's syndrome with BRA incompatible with life\nPotter's sequence due to other causes have a better chance of survival\n\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAll survivors have chronic renal disease\""]}
,{"Name": "Rhinorrhoea", "Synonyms": ["Runny nose", "Coryza", "Nasal discharge"], "Causes": ["Autonomic dysreflexia", "Ophthalmic autonomic dysregulation", "Chickenpox", "Upper respiratory tract infection"], "Effects": ["Sneeze"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Right ventricular hypertrophy", "Synonyms": ["RVH"], "Causes": ["Cor pulmonale", "Right ventricular failure", "Tetralogy of Fallot", "Pulmonary stenosis", "Atrial septal defect"], "Effects": ["Tapping apex", "Left parasternal heave", "Right bundle branch block", "Right axis deviation"], "Parents": ["Ventricular hypertrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Spinach", "Effects": ["Hyperoxaluria"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Familial hypertriglyceridaemia", "Effects": ["Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Eruptive xanthoma", "Lipaemia retinalis", "Acute pancreatitis"], "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia", "Type IV hyperlipidaemia", "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 1 in 300\nDefect unknown\""]}
,{"Name": "Lipodystrophy", "Causes": ["Type II diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Children": ["Familial lipodystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Fusobacterium necrophorum", "Effects": ["Lemierre syndrome"], "Parents": ["Anaerobe", "Gram negative bacillus"]}
,{"Name": "Disconnected thought", "Causes": ["Psychosis"], "Parents": ["Thought disturbance"], "Children": ["Knights move", "Thought block", "Positive formal thought disorder", "Concrete thinking", "Perseveration", "Neologism", "Metonymy", "Muteness"]}
,{"Name": "Blue iris", "Causes": ["Amelanosis"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired complement deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Acquired hypocomplementaemia"], "Causes": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "Essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia", "Lupus nephropathy", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Proliferative glomerulonephritis", "Shunt nephritis", "Minimal change glomerulonephritis", "Cholesterol embolus", "Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Low complement activity"], "Children": ["Acquired low C4", "Acquired low C3"]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial pneumonia", "Causes": ["Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Pertussis"], "Effects": ["Gram positive sepsis", "Gram negative sepsis"], "Parents": ["Pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Tropical sprue", "Causes": ["Travel to West Indies"], "Effects": ["Subtotal villous atrophy", "Diarrhoea", "Vitamin B12 malabsorption", "Folic acid malabsorption", "Megaloblastic anaemia", "Malabsorption state"], "Parents": ["Sprue"], "Treatments": ["Tetracycline"], "Description": ["\"Caribbean", "southern India", "and Southeast Asia", "affects both natives and visitors. \n\nPathology:\nMalabsorption of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency - Megaloblastic anemia.\n\n?? chronic infection  small bowel infection by coliforms.\n\nTreatment:\n -Tetracycline\n - B12 \n - Folic acid\""]}
,{"Name": "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["Statin", "3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor"], "Effects": ["Drug-induced hepatitis", "Myositis", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Cholestasis"], "Parents": ["Lipid-lowering drug"], "Children": ["Simvastatin", "Atorvastatin"], "Treats": ["Hypercholesterolaemia"], "Description": ["\"Myositis in 0.1%\nRhabdomyolysis in 0.12 per million\""]}
,{"Name": "Backward falls", "Causes": ["Progressive supranuclear palsy"], "Parents": ["Fall"]}
,{"Name": "Mycobacterial infection", "Synonyms": ["Mycobacteria", "Mycobacterium", "Mycobacteriosis", "Acid fast bacillus", "AFB"], "Effects": ["Atypical pneumonia", "Invisibility on gram stain"], "Parents": ["Bacterial infection"], "Children": ["Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Mycobacterium leprae", "Mycobacterium avium intracellulare", "Mycobacterium bovis", "Mycobacterium marinum", "Mycobacterium scrofulaceum", "Mycobacterium kansasii", "Mycobacterium smegmatis-phlei", "Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis"]}
,{"Name": "Colloidon baby", "Causes": ["Lamellar icthyosis"]}
,{"Name": "Myotonia congenita", "Synonyms": ["Thomsen disease"], "Effects": ["Myotonia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Junctional tachycardia", "Synonyms": ["Nodal tachycardia"], "Parents": ["Supraventricular tachycardia"], "Description": ["\"sinus node dysfunction\nreentry tachycardia\n\""]}
,{"Name": "SLC12A1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Bartter syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 15q15-q21.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Mollaret's meningitis", "Causes": ["Herpes simplex type II"], "Parents": ["Viral meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal arterial constriction", "Parents": ["Hypertensive retinopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Magnetic gait", "Synonyms": ["Bruns ataxia", "Bruns' ataxia", "Brun apraxia"], "Causes": ["Normal pressure hydrocephalus", "Frontal lobe lesion"], "Parents": ["Apraxia"]}
,{"Name": "Recurrent miscarriage", "Synonyms": ["Recurrent abortion"], "Causes": ["Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Poorly controlled diabetes", "Thyroid antibody", "Cigarette smoking", "Parental chromosome abnormality", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Fetal death", "Bicornuate uterus"], "Parents": ["Miscarriage"], "Description": ["\"3 abortions without a normal pregnancy\""]}
,{"Name": "Short QT interval", "Causes": ["Hypercalcaemia"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "Synonyms": ["HHT", "Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome"], "Causes": ["ACVRL1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Fragile blood vessel", "Epistaxis", "Telangiectasia", "Bleeding of oral mucosa", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation", "Cerebral arteriovenous malformation", "Retinal haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Congenital skin disease"], "Treatments": ["Oral contraceptive pill"], "Description": ["\"Dilated tortuous thin-walled blood vessels\""]}
,{"Name": "Pendular knee jerk", "Causes": ["Cerebellar lesion"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"]}
,{"Name": "Male gender", "Effects": ["Parkinson's disease", "Squamous cell carcinoma of lung", "Abdominal aortic aneurysm", "Mesothelioma", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Carcinoma of liver", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Conn syndrome", "Barrett's oesophagus", "Whipple's disease", "Congenital pyloric stenosis", "Appendicitis", "Lesch Nyhan syndrome", "Laryngocoele", "X-linked tubular myopathy", "McLeod syndrome", "Atherosclerosis"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Chickenpox", "Synonyms": ["Varicella"], "Causes": ["Varicella zoster virus"], "Effects": ["Vesicle", "Rhinorrhoea", "Infective conjunctivitis", "Congenital varicella syndrome", "Miscarriage", "Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Viral infections of skin", "Contagious disease", "Childhood infections"]}
,{"Name": "Orphenandrine", "Synonyms": ["Norlfex", "Dispal"], "Parents": ["H1-antagonist", "Anticholinergic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Low transferrin", "Causes": ["Decreased serum acute phase proteins"]}
,{"Name": "Neck distension", "Causes": ["Obstruction of superior vena cava"], "Parents": ["Neck sign"]}
,{"Name": "Recurrent fractures", "Causes": ["Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Osteomalacia", "Pathological fracture"], "Parents": ["Fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Drug metabolised by N-acetyltransferase", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Procainamide", "Isoniazid", "Hydralazine", "Sulphapyridine", "Phenelzine", "Dapsone"]}
,{"Name": "Augmentation cystoplasty", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Detrusor instability"]}
,{"Name": "Tuberous sclerosis", "Synonyms": ["Tuberose sclerosis", "Bourneville disease", "Epiloia", "Bourneville-Pringle disease", "Pringle disease"], "Effects": ["Adenoma sebaceum", "Periungual fibroma", "Ash leaf macule", "Cafe au lait patch", "Subcutaneous nodule", "Shagreen patches", "Renal cyst", "Renal angiomyolipoma", "Cortical hamartoma", "Retinal phakoma", "Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Amelanotic naevus", "Periventricular calcification", "Gum hyperplasia", "Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma"], "Parents": ["Phakomatosis", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Autosomal dominant\nPrevalence 8 in 10", "000\nChromosome 9q34 or 16p\n40% have Shagreen patches\n40% have periungual fibromata\n100% have ash leaf macules\""]}
,{"Name": "Endocarditis", "Effects": ["Positive a-ANCA", "Fever of unknown origin"], "Parents": ["Heart disease"], "Children": ["Libmann-Sachs endocarditis", "Infective endocarditis", "Marantic endocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Pancytopaenia", "Synonyms": ["Pancytopenia"], "Causes": ["Bone marrow suppression", "Splenomegaly", "Folic acid deficiency", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria", "Acute myeloid leukaemia", "Myeloma", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Thymoma", "Blood change in pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Neutropenia", "Thrombocytopenia", "Normocytic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\"Anaemia infection bleeding\""]}
,{"Name": "Visceral hypersensitivity", "Causes": ["Irritable bowel syndrome"], "Effects": ["Abdominal colic"]}
,{"Name": "Human herpes virus type 8", "Synonyms": ["HHV-8", "Kaposi sarcoma virus"], "Effects": ["Kaposi sarcoma"], "Parents": ["Human herpes virus"]}
,{"Name": "Human herpes virus type 7", "Synonyms": ["HHV-7"], "Effects": ["Roseola infantum"], "Parents": ["Human herpes virus"]}
,{"Name": "Human herpes virus type 6", "Synonyms": ["HHV-6"], "Effects": ["Roseola infantum"], "Parents": ["Human herpes virus"]}
,{"Name": "Cyclophosphamide", "Effects": ["Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Drug toxic to lung", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Alkylating agent", "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug"], "Treats": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Mycosis fungoides", "Cerebral vasculitis", "Multiple sclerosis"], "Description": ["\"inhibit dihydrofolate reductase\""]}
,{"Name": "Hartnup disease", "Synonyms": ["pellagra-like dermatosis"], "Causes": ["SLC6A19 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Nicotinic acid deficiency"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Poor absorption of tryptophan.\nTryptophan is precursor for Niacin", "serotonin", "melanin.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Fasciola hepatica", "Synonyms": ["Liver fluke"], "Effects": ["Weight loss", "Infective hepatitis", "Common bile duct obstruction", "Chronic liver disease", "Eosinophilic pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Trematode"]}
,{"Name": "SCN1A mutation", "Synonyms": ["Voltage-gated sodium channel mutation"], "Effects": ["Generalised epilepsy with febrile seizures plus", "Dravet syndrome", "Na-V1.1-associated benign neonatal epilepsy", "Otohara syndrome", "West syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Ranitidine", "Synonyms": ["Zantac"], "Effects": ["Non-scarring alopecia"], "Parents": ["H2-antagonist"], "Treats": ["Systemic mastocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Periportal fibrosis", "Causes": ["Primary biliary cirrhosis"], "Parents": ["Liver biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "CYB5R3 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Congenital methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 22q13.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Low transthyretin", "Effects": ["Sick euthyroidism"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Bile salt malabsorption", "Causes": ["Crohn's disease", "Ileal resection", "Bowel ischaemia", "Malabsorption state"], "Effects": ["Steatorrhoea", "Cholelithiasis", "Hyperoxaluria", "Vitamin K deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Headache", "Parents": ["Pain"], "Children": ["Acute headache", "Chronic headache", "Facial pain", "Retro-orbital pain", "Secondary headache", "Thunderclap headache"]}
,{"Name": "Corneal transplant", "Effects": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"], "Parents": ["Ophthalmological surgery", "Transplant Surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Death", "Causes": ["Coma", "Cardiac arrest"], "Effects": ["Fixed dilated pupils", "Silent chest", "Unresponsiveness"], "Children": ["Sudden death", "Brainstem death"]}
,{"Name": "Milk-alkali syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Milk alkali syndrome"], "Causes": ["Antacid"], "Effects": ["Hypercalcaemia", "Hypocalciuria", "Metabolic alkalosis", "High bicarbonate"], "Description": ["\"excess calcium intake\""]}
,{"Name": "Large JVP v-wave", "Causes": ["Tricuspid regurgitation"], "Effects": ["Ear waggling"], "Parents": ["Jugular venous pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Stature", "Parents": ["Observation sign"], "Children": ["Tall stature", "Short stature"]}
,{"Name": "Craniosynostosis", "Causes": ["Crouzon syndrome", "Apert syndrome", "Pfeiffer syndrome", "Cornelia de Lange syndrome"], "Effects": ["Brachycephaly", "Acrocephaly", "Plagiocephaly", "Shallow orbit", "Proptosis", "Strabismus", "Beaked nose", "Maxillary hyoplasia", "Auditory canal stenosis", "Conductive deafness", "Leontiasis ossea"], "Parents": ["Congenital head malformation", "Craniofacial syndromes"], "Description": ["\"Premature fusion of fibrous sutures of skull.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Rhagades", "Synonyms": ["Perioral fissuring", "Fissuring of skin", "Rhagadiform skin"], "Causes": ["Congenital syphilis"], "Parents": ["Face sign", "Cheilitis"], "Description": ["\"fissures at the angles of the mouth and nose. \nThey tend to form at areas of motion. \nResult of:\nBacterial infection of skin \nCongenital syphilis\""]}
,{"Name": "Osteophyte", "Causes": ["Osteoarthritis"], "Effects": ["Nerve root lesion"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Valproate", "Synonyms": ["Sodium valproate"], "Effects": ["Steatosis", "Weight gain", "Physiological tremor", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Folic acid malabsorption", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome", "Anovulatory cycle"], "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug", "P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Drug metabolised by P450 enzymes", "Mood stabiliser", "Teratogenic drug"], "Treats": ["Generalised seizure", "Bipolar disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Wound dehiscence", "Causes": ["Abdominal surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Simultanagnosia", "Synonyms": ["Inability to shift attention", "Inability to see two things at once", "Impaired saccadic remapping"], "Causes": ["Balint syndrome"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Thenar wasting", "Causes": ["Carpal tunnel syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "HELLP syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Hypertension elevated liver enzymes low platelets"], "Causes": ["Pre-eclampsia"], "Effects": ["Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Elevated liver enzymes", "Epigastric pain", "Cholestasis", "Steatosis", "Thrombocytopenia", "Nausea and vomiting", "Liver failure", "Renal failure", "Pulmonary oedema"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Description": ["\"HELLP\" is an abbreviation of 3  features of the syndrome:\n H  = Haemolysis\n EL = Elevated Liver enzymes\n LP = Low Platelet count\n\nThrid trimester\n\nIncidence:\n20% of severe pre-eclampsia\n0.5% of all pregnancies\n\nDIC in 20%\n\nTreatment - prompt delivery of  baby.\nWith treatment", "maternal mortality= 1%\nPerinatal mortality = 10%\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Epidemic haemorrhagic fever", "Causes": ["Ebola virus", "Arenavirus", "Rickettsia", "Marburg virus"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral toxoplasmosis", "Causes": ["Toxoplasmosis"], "Effects": ["Ring enhancing lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Haematological autoimmune disease", "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease"], "Children": ["Immune haemolysis", "Antiplatelet antibody", "Immunological bone marrow destruction", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Antiphospholipid syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Arthritis", "Effects": ["Arthralgia"], "Parents": ["Arthropathy"], "Children": ["Rheumatoid arthritis", "Osteoarthritis", "Seronegative spondyloarthritis", "Septic arthritis", "Sacroiliitis", "Large joint arthritis", "Arthritis mutilans", "Migratory polyarthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Mefenamic acid", "Effects": ["Warm antibody haemolysis"], "Parents": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug"]}
,{"Name": "Fissure-in-ano", "Effects": ["Lower gastrointestinal bleed", "Painful defaecation"]}
,{"Name": "Sweet smelling urine", "Causes": ["Maple syrup urine disease"]}
,{"Name": "Pterygium", "Effects": ["Conjunctival injection"]}
,{"Name": "Porphyria", "Effects": ["Dark urine", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Decreased urinary coproporphyrin", "Raised aminolaevulanic acid", "Watson-Schwarz test positive"], "Parents": ["Haematological pathology", "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Erythropoietic protoporphyria", "Variegate porphyria", "Hereditory coproporphyria"], "Description": ["\"Greek 'porphyra' = purple pigment\n\nPorphyrins help hemoglobin synthesis.\nIf haemoglobin synthesis is defective", "porphyrin levels reach toxic levels. This causes porphyria.\n\nMultiple genes involved\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Ear nose and throat neoplasm", "Synonyms": ["ENT carcinoma", "ENT cancer"], "Parents": ["Malignancy"], "Children": ["Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Laryngeal nodule", "Salivary gland tumours", "Acoustic neuroma", "Paranasal sinus tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Rubella", "Synonyms": ["German measles"], "Effects": ["Cold antibody haemolysis", "Septic arthritis", "Monospot test positive", "Sensorineural deafness", "Infectious encephalitis", "Superficial keratitis", "Exanthemous rash"], "Parents": ["Live vaccine", "Togavirus", "Viral infections of skin", "Notifiable disease", "Teratogen", "Childhood infections"], "Children": ["Congenital rubella"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Projectile Vomiting", "Causes": ["Congenital pyloric stenosis"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic urinary retention", "Causes": ["Bladder outflow obstruction", "Detrusor Failure", "Urethral sphincter dysfunction"]}
,{"Name": "Bone marrow sign", "Synonyms": ["Bone marrow aspirate", "BMA", "Bone marrow biopsy"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Children": ["Ringed sideroblast", "Bone marrow infiltration", "Bone marrow hyperplasia", "Bone marrow granuloma", "Megaloblast", "Megakaryocyte", "Erythroid hyperplasia", "Granulocytic bone marrow", "Acellular bone marrow"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal X-ray sign", "Synonyms": ["AXR sign", "Abdomen X-ray sign", "Abdo X-ray sign", "Abdominal film sign"], "Parents": ["Radiological investigation"], "Children": ["Rigler sign", "Cupola sign", "Football sign", "Fluid levels", "Coffee bean sign", "Renal calculi", "Adrenal calcification", "Pancreatic calcification"]}
,{"Name": "Clonazepam", "Parents": ["Benzodiazepine"]}
,{"Name": "Peptic ulcer", "Causes": ["Gastric acid hypersecretion", "Helicobacter pylori", "Cushing syndrome", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Hypercalcaemia", "Alcoholism"], "Effects": ["Epigastric pain", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Chronic abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology", "Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy sign"], "Children": ["Gastric ulcer", "Duodenal ulcer"], "Treatments": ["Proton pump inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Elevated plasma creatinine", "Synonyms": ["High creatinine"], "Causes": ["Low glomerular filtration rate", "High muscle bulk", "Catabolic state", "Reabsorption of urine"], "Parents": ["Uraemia"]}
,{"Name": "Portal hypertension", "Causes": ["Cirrhosis", "Chronic liver disease", "Portal vein thrombosis", "Splenic vein thrombosis", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Budd-Chiari syndrome"], "Effects": ["Splenomegaly", "Oesophageal varices", "Haemorrhoid", "Caput medusae", "Ascites", "Abdominal venous hum", "Moderate splenomegaly"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology"], "Treatments": ["Propranolol"]}
,{"Name": "Monocular blindness", "Synonyms": ["Unilateral blindness"], "Causes": ["Corneal opacity", "Cataract", "Posterior vitreous detachment", "Retinal haemorrhage", "Acute glaucoma", "Central retinal artery occlusion", "Retinal vein occlusion", "Optic nerve compression", "Optic atrophy"], "Effects": ["Marcus Gunn pupil"], "Parents": ["Blindness"]}
,{"Name": "Encephalopathy", "Effects": ["Altered sensorium"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Children": ["Metabolic encephalopathy", "Hypoxic encephalopathy", "Hypertensive encephalopathy", "Infectious encephalitis", "Toxic encephalopathy", "Traumatic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Niemann-Pick disease", "Synonyms": ["Sphingomyelinase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Splenomegaly", "Cherry-red spot", "Abnormal white cell enzyme", "Impaired vertical saccades"], "Parents": ["Sphingolipidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Sezary cell", "Causes": ["Photosensitivity dermatitis", "Mycosis fungoides", "Sezary syndrome"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Facial flushing", "Causes": ["Carcinoid tumour", "Human albumin solution", "Systemic mastocytosis", "Peaches and cream complexion", "Acne rosacea"], "Parents": ["Hot flush", "Facial erythema"]}
,{"Name": "Filarial worm", "Synonyms": ["Filariasis", "Threadworm"], "Effects": ["Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Eosinophilia"], "Parents": ["Nematode"], "Children": ["Wucheria bancrofti", "River blindness", "Mansonella perstans", "Loa loa"]}
,{"Name": "Saddle-shaped ST segment", "Synonyms": ["Upwardly concave ST segment"], "Causes": ["Pericarditis"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Description": ["\"all leads except aVR\""]}
,{"Name": "Visible carotid pulsation", "Synonyms": ["Corrigan sign", "Dancing carotid"], "Causes": ["Hyperdynamic circulation"], "Parents": ["Carotid pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "Stab injury", "Synonyms": ["impalement", "Kinfe injury"], "Causes": ["Knife injury", "Impalement"]}
,{"Name": "Raised C-peptide", "Causes": ["Hyperinsulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Osmotic diuretic", "Parents": ["Diuretic"], "Children": ["Mannitol"]}
,{"Name": "Papillary muscle rupture", "Causes": ["Myocardial infarction"], "Effects": ["Mitral regurgitation"]}
,{"Name": "Travellers' diarrhoea", "Synonyms": ["Traveler's diarrhoea", "Traveller's diarrhoea"], "Causes": ["Salmonella typhi", "Shigella", "Campylobacter jejuni"], "Effects": ["Irritable bowel syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Ventricular extrasystole", "Synonyms": ["Ventricular ectopic beats", "VEs"], "Causes": ["Myocardial ischaemia", "Phenytoin", "Thrombolysis"], "Effects": ["Cannon waves", "Irregular pulse", "Fusion beats"], "Parents": ["Ventricular arrhythmia"]}
,{"Name": "Blood transfusion", "Synonyms": ["Transfusion"], "Effects": ["Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction", "Transfusion mismatch", "Iatrogenic fluid overload", "Clotting factor deficiency", "Citrate toxicity", "Hypothermia", "Hyperkalaemia", "Dilutional effect", "Lung Injury", "Blood-borne disease", "Hepatitis B", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "Iron overload", "Multiple transfusion", "Dimorphic blood film", "Metabolic alkalosis"], "Parents": ["Intravenous fluid"], "Treats": ["Acute blood loss", "Chronic blood loss", "Pelvic fracture", "Aplastic anaemia"], "Description": ["\"Massive blood transfusion is defined as:\na) replacement of a patient's total blood volume in less than 24 hours", "OR\nb) the acute administration of more than half the patient's estimated blood volume per hour. \n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Bacillus anthracis", "Effects": ["Anthrax"], "Parents": ["Gram positive bacillus"]}
,{"Name": "Situs inversus", "Causes": ["Kartagener syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dextrocardia"]}
,{"Name": "Overinclusiveness", "Parents": ["Positive formal thought disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Childhood mental disorder", "Parents": ["Psychiatric disease"], "Children": ["Autism spectrum disorder", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Mental retardation"]}
,{"Name": "Abruptio placentae", "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking", "Hypertension", "Cocaine", "Childbirth", "Multiple birth", "Abdominal trauma", "Placenta praevia"], "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Inevitable abortion", "Fetal stress", "Premature birth", "Fetal malnutrition", "Ante-partum haemorrhage", "Miscarriage"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Description": ["\"Placental lining separated from uterus after 20 weeks to birth . \n\nMost common pathological cause of late pregnancy bleeding.\n\n It occurs in 1% of pregnancies.\n\n Maternal mortality =0.5%\n Foetal mortality = 15%\n\n\nDiagnosis:\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAbdominal pain\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdFrequent uterine contractions\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdUterine contractions with no relaxation in between\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdVaginal bleeding\n\n\nTreatment:\nUrgent delivery\""]}
,{"Name": "Immunological urticaria", "Causes": ["Henoch-Schonlein purpura"], "Parents": ["Urticaria"]}
,{"Name": "Total parenteral nutrition", "Synonyms": ["TPN", "Parenteral feeding", "Intravenous nutrition", "Intravenously fed"], "Causes": ["Enterocutaneous fitsula", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Prolonged ileus", "Acute pancreatitis", "Burn"], "Effects": ["Central line", "Hypokalaemia", "Hypophosphataemia", "Hyperglycaemia", "Fluid overload", "Increased H ion intake", "Steatosis", "Cholelithiasis", "Osteoporosis", "Re-feeding syndrome", "Hypomagnesaemia"], "Parents": ["Medical treatment"], "Treats": ["Enterocutaneous fitsula", "Short bowel syndrome", "Crohn's disease", "Ulcerative colitis", "Prolonged ileus", "Acute pancreatitis", "Burn"]}
,{"Name": "Rapamycin", "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug"], "Treats": ["Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma"]}
,{"Name": "Herpes virus", "Causes": ["Common variable immunodeficiency"], "Parents": ["Double-stranded DNA virus"], "Children": ["Herpes simplex virus", "Varicella zoster virus", "Cytomegalovirus", "Epstein Barr virus", "Human herpes virus"], "Treatments": ["Acyclovir"]}
,{"Name": "Rheumatic fever", "Synonyms": ["Rheumatic heart disease"], "Causes": ["Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "Scarlet fever"], "Effects": ["Subcutaneous nodule", "Migratory polyarthritis", "Erythema marginatum", "Sydenham's chorea", "Third degree atrioventricular block", "Pericarditis", "Aschoff nodule", "Mitral stenosis", "Carey-Coombs murmur", "Aortic regurgitation", "Mitral regurgitation", "Valvular heart disease", "Myxoid degeneration"], "Parents": ["Childhood heart disease"], "Description": ["\"40% mitral stenosis\""]}
,{"Name": "Clomiphene", "Parents": ["Endocrine drug"], "Treats": ["Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Amenorrhoea"]}
,{"Name": "T wave inversion in V1", "Causes": ["Left ventricular hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["T-wave inversion"]}
,{"Name": "ST-elevation myocardial infarction", "Synonyms": ["Q-wave myocardial infarction", "STEMI"], "Effects": ["ST elevation"], "Parents": ["Myocardial infarction"], "Description": ["\"Rx oxygen", "aspirin", "thrombolysis", "IV nitrates while pain present", "diamorphine", "clopidogrel", "IV then oral beta blocker", "ACEi", "high-dose statin. IV then subcutaneous insulin if diabetic.\""]}
,{"Name": "Ruptured ectopic pregnancy", "Causes": ["Ectopic pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Peritonism", "Ante-partum haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Hordeolum", "Synonyms": ["Stye"], "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus"], "Effects": ["Eye pain", "Red eye", "Eye swelling"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Treatments": ["Antibiotic", "Hot compresses"], "Description": ["\"infection of an eyelash follicle .\nsudden-onset localized swellings of the eyelid.\""]}
,{"Name": "Class IC antiarrhythmic drug", "Effects": ["Decreased rate of cardiac depolarisation", "Atrioventricular block"], "Parents": ["Class I antiarrhythmic drug"], "Children": ["Flecainide"]}
,{"Name": "Dofetolide", "Parents": ["Class III antiarrhythmic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Mucolipidosis", "Parents": ["Lysosomal storage disorder"], "Children": ["Sialidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral vasculitis", "Causes": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy"], "Effects": ["Oligoclonal bands in CSF", "Cerebral infarction"], "Parents": ["Cerebral pathology"], "Treatments": ["Cyclophosphamide", "Azathioprine", "Mycophenolate mofetil"]}
,{"Name": "Potassium-sparing diuretic", "Synonyms": ["Potassium sparing diuretic"], "Effects": ["Hyperkalaemia", "Decreased H ion excretion"], "Parents": ["Diuretic"], "Children": ["Amiloride", "Spironolactone", "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Bartter syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Ceftazidime", "Parents": ["Third generation cephalosporin"]}
,{"Name": "Fungal infections of skin", "Parents": ["Infectious skin disease"], "Children": ["Tinea pedis", "Tinea capitis", "Tinea Unguium", "Tinea cruris", "Tinea versicolor", "Intertrigo", "Malassezia furfur", "Pityriasis versicolor"], "Description": ["\"Candida albicans infection in skin folds\""]}
,{"Name": "Skin irritation", "Causes": ["Dermatitis", "Scabies", "Lichen planus", "Cutaneous drug"], "Effects": ["Pruritus"]}
,{"Name": "Neonatal conjunctivitis", "Causes": ["Gonorrhoea"], "Parents": ["Paediatric sign"]}
,{"Name": "Autosomal recessive disorder", "Synonyms": ["AR"], "Causes": ["Consanguinity"], "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Children": ["Cystic fibrosis", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Tay-Sachs disease", "Phenylketonuria", "Alkaptonuria", "Haemoglobinopathy", "Haemophilia B", "Primary haemochromatosis", "Wilson's disease", "Fanconi anaemia", "Friedrich ataxia", "Ataxia telangiectasia", "Xeroderma pigmentosa", "Albinism", "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease", "Adrenal insufficiency alacrima and achalasia syndrome", "Bernard-Soulier syndrome", "Bloom syndrome", "Canavan disease", "Chronic granulomatous disease", "Congenital muscular dystrophy", "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome", "Erb's muscular dystrophy", "Familial mediterranean fever", "Griscelli syndrome", "Hallevorden-Spatz disease", "Jervell-Lange-Nielson syndrome", "Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I", "Hermanski-Pudlak syndrome", "Lamellar icthyosis", "Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome", "Meckel Gruber syndrome", "Nemaline myopathy", "Nephronophthisis", "Pendred syndrome", "Type I polyglandular syndrome", "Pseudoxanthoma elasticum", "Riley-Day syndrome", "Usher disease", "TAR syndrome", "Transthyretin-related familial amyloid polyneuropathy", "Congenital autosomal recessive angiopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy"], "Description": ["\"\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Louse borne typhus", "Synonyms": ["Rickettsia prowazeki", "Epidemic typhus", "Brill-Zinsser disease"], "Parents": ["Typhus"], "Description": ["\"Carried by pediculus humanus\""]}
,{"Name": "Chancroid", "Synonyms": ["Soft chancre"], "Causes": ["Haemophilus ducreyi"], "Effects": ["Genital ulcer", "Inguinal lymph node", "Groin abscess", "Pharyngitis"], "Parents": ["Genital sore"], "Treatments": ["Azithromycin", "Erythromycin", "Ceftriaxone"], "Description": ["\"Very painful ulcer\n\nDIAGNOSIS:\n-Haemophilus ducreyi bacilli in smear.\n-Culture.\n\nCOMPARISION WITH THE CHANCRE OF SYPHYLIS\n Similarities: \n Both originate as pustules  and progress to ulcerated lesions.\n Both are typically 1\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd2 cm in diameter.\n Both  typically appear on the genitals.\n Both  can be present at multiple sites and with multiple lesions.\n\n Differences:\n Chancres are  painless; chancroid are painful.\n Chancres are  non-exudative; chancroid  have purulent exudate.\n Chancres have a hard (indurated) edge; chancroid have a soft edge.\n Chancres heal spontaneously within three to six weeks", "even in the absence of treatment.\n Chancres can occur in the pharynx as well as on the genitals.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Renal papillary necrosis", "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Analgesic nephropathy"], "Effects": ["Polyuric renal failure", "Haematuria", "Filling defect", "Moth eaten calyx", "Sterile pyuria"], "Parents": ["Necrosis", "Renal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Cervical ectropion", "Synonyms": ["Cervical ectopy", "Erosion of cervix"], "Causes": ["High progesterone"], "Effects": ["Increased vaginal secretion"]}
,{"Name": "Endotoxin", "Synonyms": ["Glycolipid superantigen"], "Causes": ["Escherichia coli", "Enterobacteriaceae", "Listeria monocytogenes", "Meningococcus"], "Effects": ["Tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Interleukin-1"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Mobius syndrome", "Effects": ["Expressionless face", "Facial nerve palsy", "Abducent nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Craniofacial syndromes"]}
,{"Name": "Cranial accessory nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["Eleventh nerve palsy", "XI nerve palsy", "11th nerve palsy"], "Causes": ["Jugular foramen syndrome", "Jackson syndrome", "Syndrome of Schmidt", "Hughlings Jackson syndrome"], "Effects": ["Absent gag reflex"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Loss of cardiac dullness", "Causes": ["Hyperinflation"], "Parents": ["Chest sign"]}
,{"Name": "Psoas abscess", "Synonyms": ["Psoas sheath abscess"], "Causes": ["Potts disease of the spine"], "Effects": ["Groin swelling"], "Parents": ["Pyogenic abscess"], "Description": ["\"Spinal abscess tracking down psoas sheath\""]}
,{"Name": "Calcitonin", "Causes": ["Medullary thyroid cancer", "Neuroendocrine tumour"], "Effects": ["Hypocalcaemia"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Hormone"], "Treats": ["Paget disease"]}
,{"Name": "Bone metastasis", "Synonyms": ["Bony metastases", "Bone mets"], "Causes": ["Carcinoma of thyroid", "Carcinoma of breast", "Lung malignancy", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Prostate cancer", "Testicular tumour", "Myeloma", "Carcinoma of adrenal gland", "Carcinoma of oesophagus"], "Effects": ["High alkaline phosphatase", "Bone marrow infiltration", "Osteolysis", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Spinal cord tumour", "Interleukin-6", "Bone pain"], "Parents": ["Metastasis", "Bone tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Aneurysm", "Causes": ["Cutis laxa"], "Effects": ["Aneurysmal rupture", "Aneurysmal thrombosis"], "Parents": ["Vascular pathology"], "Children": ["Coronary artery aneurysm", "Aortic aneurysm", "Arteriovenous malformation", "Berry aneurysm", "Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm", "Ventricular aneurysm", "Iliac artery aneurysm", "Mycotic aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary vein obstruction", "Effects": ["High pulmonary venous pressure"]}
,{"Name": "Galactokinase deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Non-classical galactosaemia"], "Parents": ["Galactosaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Microstomia", "Synonyms": ["Microstomy", "Small mouth"], "Causes": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Fanconi anaemia", "Edward's syndrome", "Albright's osteodystrophy"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign", "Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Obstructive pulmonary disease", "Parents": ["Pulmonary disease"], "Children": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Asthma"]}
,{"Name": "ABO incompatibility", "Effects": ["Erythroblastosis fetalis"]}
,{"Name": "Proptosis", "Synonyms": ["Exophthalmos"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease", "Orbital cellulitis", "Retro-orbital mass", "Cavernous sinus thrombosis", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Retinal vein occlusion", "Caroticocavernous fistula", "Craniosynostosis", "Buphthalmos"], "Effects": ["Lagophthalmos"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Treatments": ["Radiotherapy"], "Description": ["\"Proptosis which is asymmetrical by more than 5mm suggests a cause \nother than Graves' ophthalmopathy.\nMeasured using Hertel's exophthalmometer\""]}
,{"Name": "Adrenoceptor drug", "Parents": ["Peripheral nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Alpha adrenoceptor agonist", "Alpha adrenoceptor blocker", "Beta adrenoceptor agonist", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Macular hyperpigmentation", "Synonyms": ["Macular pigmentation"], "Causes": ["Macular degeneration", "Spinocerebellar ataxia"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Glyceryl trinitrate", "Synonyms": ["GTN", "Nitroglycerine"], "Parents": ["Nitrates"], "Treats": ["Achalasia cardia", "Acute coronary syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Contraception", "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Intrauterine coil device", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Progesterone only pill"]}
,{"Name": "Pterygium of the nail", "Synonyms": ["Nail cuticle overgrowth"], "Causes": ["Lichen planus"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"], "Description": ["\"overgrowth of proximal nail fold onto nail bed. \nGreek 'pterygion'=\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdlittle wing\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd or \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdfin.\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd \n\nForms if there is scar tissue in nail matrix. \nNail matrix unable to manufacture nail plate > proximal nail fold grows out with the skin of the nail bed", "giving rise to the triangular fin.\""]}
,{"Name": "in-vitro fertilsation", "Effects": ["Premature birth"]}
,{"Name": "Emery-Dreyfuss muscular dystrophy", "Synonyms": ["Humeral-peroneal muscular dystrophy"], "Causes": ["EMD gene mutation"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy"], "Description": ["\"mutations prevent cells from producing any emerin protein.\nimportant for the normal function of muscles .\""]}
,{"Name": "Decreased serum acute phase proteins", "Effects": ["Hypoalbuminaemia", "Low transferrin"], "Parents": ["Acute phase proteins"]}
,{"Name": "Conductive aphasia", "Synonyms": ["Conductive dysphasia", "Repetition aphasia"], "Causes": ["Temporal lobe lesion", "Frontal lobe lesion"], "Parents": ["Aphasia"]}
,{"Name": "Rosenbach sign", "Synonyms": ["Tremor of closed eyelids"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Eyelids are animated by thin tremors when closed\""]}
,{"Name": "Pizotifen", "Parents": ["Serotonin antagonist", "Anti-migraine drug"]}
,{"Name": "Differential cyanosis", "Causes": ["Patent ductus arteriosus"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"]}
,{"Name": "Respiratory symptom", "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Breathlessness", "Dyspnoea", "Orthopnoea", "Platypnoea", "Trepopnoea", "Cough", "Sputum", "Haemoptysis", "Pleuritic chest pain", "Snoring", "Deep voice", "Rhinorrhoea", "Inspiratory whoop", "Post-tussive vomiting", "Sneeze", "Barking cough", "Chest tightness"]}
,{"Name": "Carpopedal spasm", "Synonyms": ["Wrist and ankle spasm"], "Causes": ["Tetany"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"]}
,{"Name": "Optic ataxia", "Synonyms": ["Inability to reach towards visual targets"], "Causes": ["Balint syndrome"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Antithrombin III deficiency", "Effects": ["Genetic hypercoagulable state"]}
,{"Name": "Mastectomy", "Effects": ["Long thoracic nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Breast surgery"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma of breast"]}
,{"Name": "Vertebral defect", "Causes": ["VATER syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion", "Causes": ["Lung malignancy", "Pancoast syndrome", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Carcinoma of thyroid", "Mediastinal tumour"], "Effects": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "First degree atrioventricular block", "Synonyms": ["1st degree AV node block", "First degree heart block"], "Causes": ["Digoxin toxicity", "Coronary artery disease", "Rheumatic myocarditis", "Diphtheric myocarditis", "Vasovagal reflex"], "Effects": ["Long PR interval"], "Parents": ["Atrioventricular block"]}
,{"Name": "Diaphragmatic hernia", "Effects": ["Neonatal hypoxia"], "Parents": ["Thoracic malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Erythema nodosum", "Causes": ["Cutaneous sarcoidosis", "Primary tuberculosis", "Lepromatous leprosy", "Sulphonamide", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "Behcet disease", "Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Coccidioides immitis", "Blastomycosis", "Psittacosis", "Yersinia pestis", "Barbiturate", "Penicillin", "Loefgren syndrome", "Bowel bypass syndrome", "Inflammatory bowel disease"], "Effects": ["Subcutaneous nodule"], "Parents": ["Erythema", "Panniculitis"]}
,{"Name": "Arenavirus", "Effects": ["Lassa fever", "Epidemic haemorrhagic fever"], "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus"]}
,{"Name": "Low bicarbonate", "Synonyms": ["Hypobicarbonataemia"], "Causes": ["Metabolic acidosis", "Blood change in pregnancy", "Bicarbonate loss"], "Parents": ["Electrolyte imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Atypical antipsychotic", "Synonyms": ["Second generation antipsychotic", "SGA"], "Effects": ["Hyperprolactinaemia", "Laughter"], "Parents": ["Neuroleptic drug"], "Children": ["Clozapine", "Olanzepine", "Risperidone"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal colic", "Causes": ["Bowel obstruction", "Visceral hypersensitivity", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Charcot triad", "Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Small bowel obstruction", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction"], "Parents": ["Abdominal pain"]}
,{"Name": "Diastolic murmur", "Parents": ["Murmur"], "Children": ["Early diastolic murmur", "Mid-diastolic murmur", "Late diastolic murmur", "Graham Steell murmur", "Carey-Coombs murmur"]}
,{"Name": "Head and neck malformation", "Parents": ["Congenital malformation"], "Children": ["Congenital head malformation", "Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Cleft palate", "High arched palate", "Blepharophimosis", "Thyroglossal cyst", "Branchial cyst", "Cystic hygroma", "Pharyngeal pouch", "Hereditary macrognathia"]}
,{"Name": "Waddling gait", "Causes": ["Proximal myopathy", "Osteomalacia", "Rickets"], "Parents": ["Gait"]}
,{"Name": "Alkaptonuria", "Synonyms": ["Ochronisis", "Homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency", "Black bone syndrome", "Black bone disease"], "Causes": ["HGD gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Homogentisic aciduria", "Dark urine", "Alkaptone deposition", "Osteoarthritis", "Calcified intervertebral disc", "Aortic valve calcification", "Mitral valve calcification", "Renal calculi", "Black sclera", "Calcified Pinna", "Narrowing of joint space", "Sensorineural deafness", "Pigmented ear", "Alkaptonuria triad"], "Parents": ["Aminoacidopathies", "Autosomal recessive disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"HGD gene mutation\""]}
,{"Name": "Sample haemolysis", "Effects": ["Artefactual high potassium"]}
,{"Name": "Mobius sign", "Synonyms": ["Mobius sign", "Impaired convergence", "M\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbius sign"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ophthalmoplegia"], "Description": ["\"inability to maintain convergence of the eyes.\""]}
,{"Name": "Ramsay Hunt syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Zoster of 7th nerve", "Facial nerve zoster"], "Causes": ["Herpes zoster"], "Effects": ["Facial nerve palsy", "Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Oesophageal dilatation", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Achalasia cardia"]}
,{"Name": "Photosensitivity", "Synonyms": ["Light sensitivity", "Photosensitive rash", "Easily sunburnt"], "Causes": ["Photosensitivity dermatitis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Discoid lupus erythematosus", "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Erythropoietic protoporphyria", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Phenothiazine", "Quinine", "Quinidine", "Sulphonamide", "Chlorothiazide", "Amiodarone", "Tetracycline", "Xeroderma pigmentosa", "Bloom syndrome", "Sun exposure", "Dermatomyositis"], "Parents": ["Cutaneous symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Amyotrophy", "Causes": ["Adrenal insufficiency alacrima and achalasia syndrome"], "Effects": ["Muscle wasting"], "Children": ["Diabetic amyotrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Ear waggling", "Synonyms": ["Ear wiggling"], "Causes": ["Large JVP v-wave"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Raised serum iron", "Causes": ["Thalassaemia", "Iron overload"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Hormonal imbalance", "Synonyms": ["Deranged hormone concentration", "Endocrine imbalance", "Hormone derangement"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Children": ["High total thyroxine", "Low triiodothyronine", "Low thyroid stimulating hormone", "Raised thyroid stimulating hormone", "Excess parathyroid hormone", "Low parathormone", "High gastrin level", "Low glucocorticoid", "Raised insulin-like growth factor II", "Low renin", "High renin", "Low aldosterone", "Low erythropoietin", "Raised erythropoietin", "Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Sex hormone imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Positive Schumm test", "Causes": ["Methaemalbuminaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Bicuspid aortic valve", "Effects": ["Ejection click", "Congenital aortic valve malformation", "Juxtaductal coarctation"], "Parents": ["Acyanotic heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Phenytoin", "Synonyms": ["Hydantoin"], "Effects": ["Toxic neuropathy", "Gum hyperplasia", "Selective IgA deficiency", "Bone marrow suppression", "Vitamin D deficiency", "Osteomalacia", "Osteoporosis", "Sinus bradycardia", "Ventricular extrasystole", "Dupuytren's contracture", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Phenytoin toxicity", "Hirsutism", "Insomnia", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Folic acid malabsorption", "Erythema multiforme", "Acne vulgaris", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Drug fever", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug", "P450 enzyme inducer", "Teratogenic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Gastroschisis", "Causes": ["Prune-belly syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Streptomycin", "Parents": ["Antibiotic", "Teratogenic drug"], "Treats": ["Brucellosis", "Tularemia", "Bubonic plague"]}
,{"Name": "Low intrapleural pressure", "Causes": ["Atelectasis"], "Effects": ["Transudate pleural effusion"]}
,{"Name": "Hypertensive retinopathy", "Causes": ["Hypertension"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"], "Children": ["Silver wiring", "Retinal arterial constriction", "Retinal arteriovenous nipping", "Hypertortuosity of retinal vessels", "Retinal flame-shaped haemorrhage", "Cotton wool exudate", "Hard exudate", "Papilloedema", "Blot haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Encephalitis", "Effects": ["Delirium", "Cerebral lesion", "Epileptic seizure", "Meningism", "Parkinsonism", "Ataxia", "Incontinence", "Narcolepsy", "Childhood seizure"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system pathology"], "Children": ["Infectious encephalitis", "Limbic encephalitis", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Snakebite", "Synonyms": ["Snake bite"], "Effects": ["Intravascular haemolysis", "Ptosis", "Coagulating toxin"]}
,{"Name": "Cysticercosis", "Causes": ["Taenia saginata", "Taenia solium"], "Effects": ["Malabsorption state", "Subcutaneous nodule", "Brain abscess", "Uveitis", "Infective conjunctivitis"], "Parents": ["Cestode"], "Treatments": ["Mebendazole", "Praziquantel"], "Description": ["\"Rx Praziquantel\""]}
,{"Name": "Lamotrigine", "Synonyms": ["Triazine"], "Effects": ["Stevens-Johnson syndrome"], "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug", "Glutamate receptor blocker"], "Treats": ["Parkinsonism"]}
,{"Name": "Acid-fast stain", "Synonyms": ["Ziehl-Nielsen stain"], "Causes": ["Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Tail of Pancreas", "Parents": ["Carcinoma Body of Pancreas"]}
,{"Name": "Acute tubular necrosis", "Synonyms": ["ATN", "Renal tubular necrosis"], "Causes": ["Renal ischaemia", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Cytotoxic drug", "Acute leukaemia", "Carbon tetrachloride", "Crush Injury syndrome"], "Effects": ["Acute kidney injury", "Renal tubular damage", "Acute nephritic syndrome", "Impaired concentrating ability", "High urinary Potassium"], "Parents": ["Renal tubular disease", "Necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Exudative retinal detachment", "Causes": ["Coats disease"], "Parents": ["Retinal detachment"]}
,{"Name": "Teratoma", "Synonyms": ["Dermoid cyst"], "Causes": ["Gardener's syndrome"], "Effects": ["Raised alpha-fetoprotein", "High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Placental-like alkaline phosphatase"], "Parents": ["Germ cell ovarian tumour", "Testicular tumour", "Cyst"], "Children": ["Struma ovarii"], "Treatments": ["Cisplatin", "Etoposide", "Bleomycin"], "Description": ["\"\nPATHOLOGY:\n Multinodular", "heterogenous (solid", "cartilaginous", "cystic) \n May have hair", "bone", "or teeth \n\n\n\nTREATMENT:\nTeratomas: Teratomas are not radiosensitive.\n\nStage I : Surveillance is acceptable f or Stage I Tertaomas\n\nAll other stages: Chemotherapy (cisplatin", "bleomycin and etoposide ).\n\n\nPROGNOSIS:\n Not as favourable as for seminoma.\n 5-y ear survival rate for Stage I  = 85%\""]}
,{"Name": "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis", "Synonyms": ["ADEM", "Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis"], "Causes": ["Prophylactic immunisation"], "Effects": ["Demyelination of central nervous system", "Brainstem syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Monophasic idiopathic inflammation of the brain\""]}
,{"Name": "Disseminated cancer", "Synonyms": ["Widespread metastasis", "Disseminated malignancy"], "Causes": ["Malignancy"], "Effects": ["Increased vitamin B12 requirement", "Increased folate requirement", "Bone marrow infiltration", "Erythema multiforme", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Malaise"], "Parents": ["Metastasis"]}
,{"Name": "Kerosene", "Effects": ["Drug toxic to lung"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Anaemia of chronic disease", "Causes": ["Chronic bacterial infection", "Chronic viral infection", "Severe illness", "Malignancy", "Connective tissue disease", "Tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Interferon gamma", "Interleukin-1", "Glucagonoma", "Scurvy"], "Effects": ["Low serum iron", "Low total iron binding capacity"], "Parents": ["Anaemia of reduced erythropoiesis", "Microcytic anaemia"], "Description": ["\"Usually normocytic", "occasionally microcytic\""]}
,{"Name": "Nail sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Fingernail clubbing", "Koilonychia", "Beau's lines", "Mees line", "Splinter haemorrhage", "Nail pitting", "Onycholysis", "Leukonychia", "Yellow nail syndrome", "Blue nail", "Onychogryphosis", "Triangular lunulae", "Melanonychia", "Hyperconvex nails", "Hypoplastic fingernails", "V-shaped nail defects", "Trachonychia", "Nail dystrophy", "Anonychorrhexis", "Blue lunnula", "Terry's nail", "Lindsay's half-and-half nail", "Pterygium of the nail", "Nail-fold telangiectasia", "Nail-fold vasculitis", "Shamroth sign", "Nail-fold infarct", "Subungual melanoma"]}
,{"Name": "Vasoconstrictor drug", "Synonyms": ["Pressor"], "Effects": ["Increased vascular tone"], "Parents": ["Vascular drug"], "Children": ["Catecholamine", "Sympathomimetic", "Monoamine oxidase inhibitor", "Thiazide", "Alpha adrenoceptor agonist", "Vasopressin analogue"]}
,{"Name": "Cubitus valgus", "Synonyms": ["Wide carrying angle"], "Causes": ["Turner syndrome"], "Parents": ["Acquired limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Echovirus", "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Viral meningitis", "Viral gastroenteritis"], "Parents": ["Enterovirus"]}
,{"Name": "Water sport", "Effects": ["Leptospira infection"]}
,{"Name": "Rosenthal fibre", "Parents": ["Ubiquitin inclusion body"]}
,{"Name": "Duroziez sign", "Synonyms": ["Duroziez's murmur"], "Causes": ["Hyperdynamic circulation"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"], "Description": ["\"To-and-fro systolic and diastolic murmur caused by compression of femoral artery by stethoscope\""]}
,{"Name": "Herpes zoster", "Synonyms": ["Shingles"], "Causes": ["Varicella zoster virus", "Trigger for viral infection"], "Effects": ["Vesicle", "Ramsay Hunt syndrome", "Ophthalmic herpes zoster", "Referred abdominal pain", "Dermatomal pain"], "Parents": ["Rash", "Chronic viral infection", "Ten serious rashes"], "Description": ["\"Lifetime incidence is 20%\""]}
,{"Name": "F8 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Haemophilia A"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\" Xq28\""]}
,{"Name": "Harlequin icthyosis", "Causes": ["ABCA12 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Ectropion"], "Parents": ["Ichthyosis"], "Description": ["\"Massive", "diamond-shaped scales", "with a reddish color. \nBecause of resultant cracked skin in locations where normal skin would fold", "there is the serious risk of fatal infection.\""]}
,{"Name": "Methadone", "Parents": ["Abused drug", "Opioid"], "Treats": ["Intravenous drug abuse"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous abscess", "Causes": ["Furuncle", "Folliculitis"], "Parents": ["Pyogenic abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Pituitary apoplexy", "Synonyms": ["Pituitary haemorrhage", "Pituitary infarction"], "Causes": ["Pituitary adenoma"], "Effects": ["Thunderclap headache", "Panhypopituitarism", "Bitemporal hemianopia", "Acute headache", "Cavernous sinus lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Pellagra", "Niacin deficiency", "Nicotinamide deficiency"], "Causes": ["Maize", "Carcinoid tumour", "Isoniazid", "Hartnup disease"], "Effects": ["Diarrhoea", "Dermatitis", "Early onset dementia", "Photosensitivity", "Physiological tremor", "Nystagmus", "Casal necklace", "Depression", "Vitamin deficiency neuropathy", "Glossitis", "Anorexia", "Low urinary N-methylnicotinamide", "Insomnia"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Benign joint hypermobility syndrome", "Synonyms": ["BJHS"], "Effects": ["Joint hypermobility", "Beighton criteria"], "Description": ["\"<html>\n  \n\n  <head>\n\n  </head>\n  <body>\n  </body>\n</html>\n\""]}
,{"Name": "No pulsation", "Causes": ["Capillary haemangioma"]}
,{"Name": "Short stature", "Causes": ["Dwarfism", "Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome", "Turner syndrome", "Chondrodysplasia punctata", "Anorexia nervosa", "Bloom syndrome", "Albright's osteodystrophy", "Down syndrome", "Weil-Marchesani syndrome", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia", "Malnutrition", "Renal tubule acidosis", "Russell-Silver syndrome", "Werner syndrome", "Malabsorption state", "Williams syndrome", "Cat eye syndrome", "Cystinosis", "Fanconi anaemia", "Fragile X syndrome"], "Parents": ["Stature"]}
,{"Name": "Hand sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Osler node", "Heberden node", "Bouchard node", "Rheumatoid nodule", "Gottron papules", "Tophus", "Tendon xanthoma", "Peripheral infarct", "Janeway lesion", "Acrodynia", "Swan-neck deformity", "Boutonniere deformity", "Subluxation of metacarpophalangeal joint", "Dupuytren's contracture", "Ulnar claw hand", "Volkmann Contracture", "Shortened fourth metacarpal", "Tinel sign", "Phalen sign", "Carpopedal spasm", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Froment sign", "Durkan test", "Luthy sign", "Allen test positive", "Asterixis", "Dysdiadochokinesis", "Dermatoglyphics", "Paronychia", "Capillary refill poor", "Trousseau sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary spherocytosis", "Causes": ["ANK1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Extravascular haemolysis", "Osmotic lysis test", "Leg ulcer", "Spherocyte", "Splenomegaly"], "Parents": ["Congenital haematological disorder", "Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Morbilliform rash", "Synonyms": ["Measles-like rash"], "Causes": ["Measles"], "Parents": ["Erythema", "Macular rash"]}
,{"Name": "Absent startle reflex", "Causes": ["Kernicterus"], "Parents": ["Paediatric sign"]}
,{"Name": "Splinter haemorrhage", "Synonyms": ["Nail bed infarct"], "Causes": ["Manual work", "Infective endocarditis", "Trichinellosis"], "Parents": ["Nail sign", "Peripheral infarct"]}
,{"Name": "Referred pain", "Causes": ["Nerve root lesion"], "Parents": ["Pain"], "Children": ["Referred abdominal pain", "Referred chest pain", "Kehr's sign", "Phantom limb pain", "Ice-cream headache", "Referred cardiac pain"], "Description": ["\"Referred pain= pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus.\n\nRadiation is different from referred pain. The pain is related to the location of stimulus and radiates to another site.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Choroidal haemangioma", "Causes": ["Sturge-Weber syndrome"], "Effects": ["Central scotoma"], "Parents": ["Haemangioma", "Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired renal cystic disease", "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure"], "Effects": ["Intracystic haemorrhage", "Retroperitoneal haematoma", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Malignant transformation"], "Parents": ["Cyst"], "Description": ["\"-Occurs in end stage renal disease\n-Severity and the duration of azotemia determine the extent of cyst development. \n-Reversible  after  renal transplantation\n\n-Renal cell carcinoma is the most serious complication \n\n-Bilateral\n-Cysts do not develop in other organs", "in contrast to adult polycystic kidney disease . \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Rib fracture", "Effects": ["Musculoskeletal chest pain"]}
,{"Name": "Blast injury", "Effects": ["Barotrauma", "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Lateral edge of hand sensory loss", "Causes": ["Ulnar nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Localised sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Emollients", "Treats": ["Prurigo nodularis"]}
,{"Name": "Argyria", "Causes": ["Silver"], "Effects": ["Blue nail", "Slate-grey skin pigmentation", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"]}
,{"Name": "Tacrolimus", "Synonyms": ["FK-506", "FK 506", "Protopic"], "Effects": ["Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Calcineurin inhibitor", "Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Atopic dermatitis", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Ulcerative colitis"]}
,{"Name": "Brainstem death", "Synonyms": ["Brain death", "Brain stem death"], "Effects": ["Absent corneal reflex", "Fixed dilated pupils", "Unresponsiveness", "Caloric test negative", "Absent gag reflex", "Apnoea"], "Parents": ["Death"]}
,{"Name": "B-cell proliferation", "Causes": ["Interleukin-4", "Interleukin-5", "Interleukin-7"], "Description": ["\"Th2 response\""]}
,{"Name": "PAS-positive inclusions", "Causes": ["Lafora body disease"], "Parents": ["Skin biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Acne rosacea", "Causes": ["Staphylococcus epidermidis", "Old age"], "Effects": ["Facial flushing", "Rhinophyma", "Pustule", "Visible blood skin capillaries", "Cutaneous scarring", "Chalazion", "Interstitial keratitis", "Superficial keratitis"], "Parents": ["Facial erythema", "Idiopathic skin disease", "Erythema"], "Treatments": ["Metronidazole", "Azelaic acid", "Tetracycline", "Hydrocortisone", "Isotretinoin", "Laser therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Contralesional spinothalamic deficit", "Synonyms": ["Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation"], "Causes": ["Lateral medullary syndrome", "Brown-Sequard syndrome", "Avellis syndrome"], "Parents": ["Spinothalamic tract lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Liver abscess", "Causes": ["Cholecystitis", "Ascending cholangitis", "Appendicitis", "Diverticulitis", "Escherichia coli", "Klebsiella", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Amoebiasis"], "Effects": ["Tender hepatomegaly"], "Parents": ["Liver disease"], "Treatments": ["Needle Aspiration"], "Description": ["\"source of liver abscess: \n  -cholecystitis / cholangitis 60%   \n  - appendicitis/ diverticulitis 20%\n  - hematogenous spread from infected heart valve 15%\n  - Amebic liver abscess in tropics\n\nCommonest organism: Enterobacteriaceae\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Fracture shaft of humerus", "Effects": ["Radial nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Long bone fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Drug fever", "Causes": ["Allopurinol", "Amphetamine", "Antihistamine", "Azathioprine", "Barbiturate", "Carbamazepine", "Cephalosporin", "Cimetidine", "Clofibrate", "Hydralazine", "Hydroxyurea", "Interferon gamma", "Interleukin-1", "Methyldopa", "Penicillin", "Phenytoin", "Procainamide", "Quinidine", "Vancomycin"], "Effects": ["Fever of unknown origin"], "Description": ["\"medications causing fever\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Congenital complement deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Congenital hypocomplementaemia"], "Parents": ["Low complement activity"], "Children": ["C1R deficiency", "C2 deficiency", "C3 deficiency", "C5 deficiency", "Low C2", "Low C4"]}
,{"Name": "Hard nodular liver", "Causes": ["Liver metastasis"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Anaemia", "Effects": ["Pallor", "Malaise", "Fatigue", "Pale conjunctivae", "Sinus tachycardia", "Ischaemia", "High cardiac output state", "Raised erythropoietin", "Decreased KCO", "Roth spots", "Cotton wool exudate"], "Parents": ["Haematological pathology"], "Children": ["Microcytic anaemia", "Macrocytic anaemia", "Megaloblastic anaemia", "Normocytic anaemia", "Haemolytic anaemia", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Anaemia of reduced erythropoiesis", "Transfusion-dependent anaemia", "Fetal anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Musculoskeletal pain", "Causes": ["Compartment syndrome"], "Effects": ["Loin pain", "Acute abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Pain", "Orthopaedic symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Septic abortion", "Causes": ["Group B streptococcus"], "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Parents": ["Induced Abortion"], "Description": ["\".Incomplete Abortion with secondary ascending infection\""]}
,{"Name": "Surface dyslexia", "Causes": ["Progressive nonfluent aphasia"], "Parents": ["Alexia"]}
,{"Name": "Mal-union", "Causes": ["Extracapsular fracture neck of femur", "Supracondylar fracture humerus"]}
,{"Name": "Acrocephaly", "Synonyms": ["Oxycephaly", "Tower head", "Steeple head"], "Causes": ["Craniosynostosis"], "Parents": ["Congenital head malformation"]}
,{"Name": "SLC6A19 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Hartnup disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"LOcus 5p15.33\""]}
,{"Name": "Neutropenia", "Synonyms": ["Agranulocytosis", "Granulocytopaenia", "Granulocytopenia"], "Causes": ["Ineffective granulopoiesis", "Increased neutrophil destruction", "Immunosuppression", "Aplastic anaemia", "Pancytopaenia", "Defective phagocyte function", "Phenothiazine", "Clozapine", "Carbimazole", "Cephalosporin", "Penicillamine", "African origin", "Felty syndrome", "Griscelli syndrome"], "Effects": ["Recurrent pyogenic infection", "Oral candidiasis", "Septicaemia", "Schulz angina", "Zygomycosis", "Bacterial infection"], "Parents": ["Leukopaenia"], "Treatments": ["Isolation"]}
,{"Name": "Blind loop syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Intestinal bypass"], "Causes": ["Gastric bypass surgery", "Diverticular disease", "Crohn's disease"], "Effects": ["Bowel bacterial overgrowth", "Bowel bypass syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal pathology"], "Description": ["\"Refers to the \"blind loop\" formed by part of the intestine that is bypassed.\n\nBowel contents slows or stops moving through part of the intestines. \""]}
,{"Name": "Kallman syndrome", "Effects": ["Gynaecomastia", "Late puberty", "Anosmia", "Low testosterone"]}
,{"Name": "Barium sign", "Parents": ["Radiological investigation"], "Children": ["Bird's beak appearance", "Oesophageal stenosis", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Gastric ulcer", "Duodenal filling defect", "Reverse 3 sign", "Cobblestone mucosa", "Rose thorn ulcer", "Flocculation of barium", "Ileal stricture", "Coiled spring appearance", "Enterocolic fistula", "Apple-core stricture", "String sign of Kantor"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "High oestriol", "Causes": ["Hormonal change in pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Breast growth", "Endocrine fluid retention", "Increased vaginal secretion", "Palmar erythema", "Spider naevi", "Cholasma", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"]}
,{"Name": "Anal sphincter dysfunction", "Synonyms": ["Sphincter ani externus paresis"], "Causes": ["S234 root lesion"], "Effects": ["Faecal incontinence"]}
,{"Name": "Laxative abuse", "Synonyms": ["Melanosis coli"], "Causes": ["Laxative"], "Effects": ["Bowel irritation by drug", "Gut electrolyte loss", "Subtotal villous atrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Atopy", "Causes": ["Selective IgA deficiency", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Anaphylaxis", "Alopecia areata"]}
,{"Name": "Varicose vein surgery", "Synonyms": ["Saphenous vein surgery"], "Parents": ["Vascular surgery"], "Treats": ["Varicose veins of leg"]}
,{"Name": "Levetiracetam", "Synonyms": ["oxopyrrolidinyl butanamide"], "Effects": ["Aggression"], "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug", "Pyrrolidine"]}
,{"Name": "Chloroquine", "Effects": ["Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Macular degeneration", "Myositis", "Cornea verticillata"], "Parents": ["Antimalarial drug", "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug"], "Treats": ["Rheumatoid arthritis", "Plasmodium falciparum"]}
,{"Name": "Cupola sign", "Causes": ["Pneumoperitoneum"], "Parents": ["Abdominal X-ray sign"], "Description": ["\"Arcuate lucency over lower thoracic spine", "where air outlines the inferior surface of the diaphragm\""]}
,{"Name": "Ruddy complexion", "Causes": ["Polycythaemia"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"]}
,{"Name": "Methysergide", "Effects": ["Retroperitoneal fibrosis"], "Parents": ["5-HT2 antagonist", "Ergot alkaloid"], "Description": ["\"anti-migraine effect is due to:\na)constriction of the intracranial extracerebral blood vessels through the 5-HT1B receptor\nb)activation of 5-HT1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminalnerve= inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.\""]}
,{"Name": "Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor", "Parents": ["Phosphodiesterase inhibitor"], "Children": ["Milrinone"]}
,{"Name": "Diethylstilboestrol", "Parents": ["Teratogenic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Fibrinoid necrosis", "Parents": ["Necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Mitral valve prolapse", "Synonyms": ["Floppy mitral valve", "Barlow's syndrome", "MVP", "Mitral prolapse", "Prolapsed mitral valve", "Myxomatous degeneration of mitral valve"], "Causes": ["Myxoid degeneration", "Down syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Fragile X syndrome", "Pseudoxanthoma elasticum", "Marfan syndrome", "Graves disease"], "Effects": ["Mid-systolic click", "Palpitation", "Mitral regurgitation", "Prolonged QT interval", "Migraine", "Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy", "Left ventricular hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Valvular heart disease"], "Description": ["\"Prevalence 3%\n75% have severe scoliosis", "pectus excavatum", "or straight back syndrome.\n50% have palpitations\n40% have chest pain\n15% have migraine (c.f. 7% normals)\""]}
,{"Name": "Usher disease", "Synonyms": ["Usher's disease"], "Effects": ["Retinitis pigmentosa", "Congenital deafness"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hess test positive", "Causes": ["Fragile blood vessel", "Thrombocytopenia", "Platelet dysfunction"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Haemophilus", "Effects": ["Superficial keratitis"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus"], "Children": ["Haemophilus ducreyi", "Haemophilus influenzae"]}
,{"Name": "Cardiac action potential change", "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Children": ["Shortened cardiac action potential duration", "Prolonged cardiac action potential duration", "Prolonged cardiac refractory period", "Atrioventricular block", "Decreased rate of cardiac depolarisation"]}
,{"Name": "Umblical cord copmpression", "Causes": ["Oligohydramnios"], "Effects": ["Perinatal hypoxia", "Fetal malnutrition", "Reduced fetal movement"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"]}
,{"Name": "Peritonitis", "Synonyms": ["Intraperitoneal sepsis"], "Causes": ["Campylobacter jejuni", "Bowel perforation", "Bowel infarction", "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis", "Bacteroides", "Duodenal perforation", "Abdominal surgery", "Peritoneal dialysis", "Serositis"], "Effects": ["Rebound tenderness", "Guarding", "Acute abdominal pain", "Ileus"]}
,{"Name": "Transverse myelitis", "Synonyms": ["Myelitis", "Inflammation of spinal cord", "Cord inflammation"], "Causes": ["Multiple sclerosis", "Devic syndrome", "HTLV-1", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Sarcoidosis", "Behcet disease", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Gnathostoma spingerum", "Travellers' myelitis", "Meningococcus", "Enterovirus", "Brucellosis", "Cryptococcus neoformans", "Schistosomiasis"], "Effects": ["Myelopathy"], "Parents": ["Spinal cord pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Clomethiazole", "Synonyms": ["Hemineverin"], "Parents": ["Sedative drug"], "Treats": ["Systemic mastocytosis"], "Description": ["\"Hypnotic\nused in treating and preventing symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal\nenhances the action of the neurotransmitter GABA \""]}
,{"Name": "Apraxia", "Synonyms": ["Dyspraxia", "Motor planning deficit", "Impaired motor program selection"], "Causes": ["Parietal lobe lesion", "Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Gait apraxia", "Magnetic gait", "Ideomotor apraxia", "Limb kinetic apraxia", "Ideational apraxia"]}
,{"Name": "Nasal trauma", "Synonyms": ["Nose picking"], "Effects": ["Epistaxis", "Saddle nose"], "Parents": ["Trauma"], "Description": ["\"Nose picking.\nNasal fracture\""]}
,{"Name": "Raised plasma orotic acid", "Causes": ["Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "HLA antigen", "Synonyms": ["Human lymphocyte-associated antigen", "Major histocompatibility complex antigen", "MHC antigen", "MHC allele", "Human lymphocyte antigen", "Histocompatibility antigen", "HLA haplotype"], "Parents": ["Polymorphism", "Chromosome 6 mutation"], "Children": ["HLA-A1", "HLA-A3", "HLA-A28", "HLA-B5", "HLA-B8", "HLA-B13", "HLA-B14", "HLA-B17", "HLA-B27", "HLA-B35", "HLA-Cw2", "HLA-Cw6", "HLA-DQW2", "HLA-DQW7", "HLA-DR2", "HLA-DR3", "HLA-DR4", "HLA-DR7", "HLA-DR5", "HLA-B58", "HLA-B51"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 6\""]}
,{"Name": "Prothrombin 20210A", "Effects": ["Genetic hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Antibody", "Synonyms": ["Autoantibody"], "Parents": ["Substance", "Immunological investigation"], "Children": ["Monoclonal antibody", "Thyroid antibody", "IgA antibody", "Antinuclear antibody", "Antiplatelet antibody", "Anti-GBM antibody", "Anti-dsDNA antibody", "Antihistone antibody", "Anti-Smith antibody", "Anti-Ro antibody", "Anti-La antibody", "Anti-Jo antibody", "Anti-snRNP", "Anticentromere antibody", "Antimitochondrial antibody", "Anti-endomysial antibody", "Anti-smooth muscle antibody", "Anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibody", "Anti-cardiolipin antibody", "Lupus anticoagulant", "Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase", "Anti-intrinsic factor antibody", "Anti-parietal cell antibody", "Anti-gliadin antibody", "Anti-reticulin antibody", "Anti-desmoglein", "Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody", "Intravenous immunoglobulin", "Insulin autoantibodies", "Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody", "Anti-PM/Scl antibody", "Anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibody", "Anti-soluble liver anigen", "Anti-measles antibody", "Aquaporin-4 antibody", "Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody", "Voltage-gated calcium channel antibody", "Antineuronal antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Syringomyelia", "Synonyms": ["Syrinx"], "Causes": ["Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Spina bifida", "Hydrocephalus", "Foramen magnum syndrome"], "Effects": ["Myelopathy", "Horner syndrome", "Corticospinal tract lesion", "Spinothalamic tract lesion", "La main succulente", "Dissociated sensory loss", "Charcot joints"], "Parents": ["Spinal cord pathology"], "Children": ["Syringobulbia"]}
,{"Name": "Slapped cheek syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Fifth disease", "Erythema infectiosum"], "Causes": ["Parvovirus"], "Effects": ["Facial erythema", "Exanthemous rash"], "Parents": ["Face sign", "Childhood infections"], "Description": ["\"Fifth disease:\nFom its enumeration as the fifth of five exanthematous childhood diseases known at the time of its description.\n\nLife long immunity.\""]}
,{"Name": "Swelling of arm", "Causes": ["Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Paget-Schroetter syndrome", "Thoracic outlet obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy", "Synonyms": ["MADSAM"], "Effects": ["Asymmetrical neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Organic mood disorder", "Causes": ["Dementia", "Electrolyte imbalance", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Myocardial infarction", "Malignancy", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"], "Effects": ["Mood disturbance"], "Parents": ["Organic mental disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Necrosis", "Causes": ["Infarction", "Burn"], "Effects": ["Sterile inflammation"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Fibrinoid necrosis", "Caseous necrosis", "Gangrene", "Acute tubular necrosis", "Renal papillary necrosis", "Sheehan post-partum pituitary necrosis", "Bone necrosis", "Necrotising microvascular glomerulonephritis", "Cystic medial necrosis", "Necrotic skin lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Lansoprazole", "Parents": ["Proton pump inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma Tail of Pancreas", "Parents": ["Carcinoma of pancreas"]}
,{"Name": "Increased urinary dehydroepiandrosterone", "Synonyms": ["Increased urinary DHEA", "Elevated urinary dehydroepiandrosterone"], "Causes": ["Increased androgen secretion"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Acute motor axonal neuropathy", "Synonyms": ["AMAN"], "Causes": ["Anti-GM1 antibody", "Anti-GD1a antibodies"], "Parents": ["Guillain-Barre syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Erythema", "Synonyms": ["Erythematous rash"], "Parents": ["Rash"], "Children": ["Palmar erythema", "Erythema multiforme", "Erythema marginatum", "Erythema nodosum", "Erythema chronicum migrans", "Erythema ab igne", "Erythromelalgia", "Morbilliform rash", "Poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare", "Facial erythema", "Reactive hyperaemia", "Cutis marmorata", "Acne rosacea", "Dermatitis", "Cutaneous ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "JC virus infection", "Synonyms": ["JCV infection"], "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Effects": ["Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Viral infection"]}
,{"Name": "Compressible", "Causes": ["Capillary haemangioma"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Growth factor inhibitor", "Effects": ["Ectropion"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug"], "Children": ["Tyrosine kinase inhibitor", "mTOR inhibitor", "VEGF inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Renal cell carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Probucol", "Effects": ["Prolonged QT interval"], "Parents": ["Lipid-lowering drug"], "Treats": ["Hypercholesterolaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Candida endophthalmitis", "Causes": ["Immunosuppression", "Malnutrition", "Intravenous drug abuse"], "Effects": ["Clouding of vision"], "Parents": ["Candida albicans"], "Description": ["\"Rx amphotericin + flucytosine\""]}
,{"Name": "Trepopnoea", "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"], "Description": ["\"dyspnoea  while lying on one side but not on the other. \nResults from disease of one lung / one major bronchus.\""]}
,{"Name": "Protozoan infection", "Synonyms": ["Protozoal infection", "Protoctista infection"], "Parents": ["Parasitic infection"], "Children": ["Amoebiasis", "Malaria", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Trypanosoma cruzi", "Leishmania major", "Leishmania donovani", "Giardiasis", "Toxoplasmosis", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Isospora belli infection", "Cyclospora"]}
,{"Name": "Charcot joints", "Synonyms": ["Neuropathic osteoarthropathy", "Neuropathic arthropathy"], "Causes": ["Loss of pinprick sensation", "Diabetes mellitus", "Tabes dorsalis", "Leprosy", "Syringomyelia", "Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy"], "Effects": ["Arthritis mutilans"], "Parents": ["Arthropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoplastic limb", "Causes": ["Blalock-Taussig shunt", "Russell-Silver syndrome", "Holt-Oram syndrome", "Congenital varicella syndrome", "Dyschondroplasia"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Monoclonal antibody", "Synonyms": ["MAb"], "Parents": ["Antibody", "Drug"], "Children": ["Infliximab", "Abciximab", "Rituximab", "Natalizumab", "Omalizumab", "Trastuzumab", "Cetuximab", "Bevacizumab", "Alemtuzumab"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma of liver", "Synonyms": ["Liver cancer"], "Causes": ["Male gender"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma", "Liver disease"], "Children": ["Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Liver metastasis", "Cholangiocarcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin deficiency", "Effects": ["Childhood malnutriton"], "Parents": ["Inadequate diet", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Vitamin A deficiency", "Thiamine deficiency", "Vitamin B2 deficiency", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Vitamin B6 deficiency", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Vitamin C deficiency", "Vitamin D deficiency", "Vitamin K deficiency", "Combined folate and iron deficiency", "Combined B12 and iron deficiency", "Vitamin E deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Facial erythema", "Synonyms": ["Red cheeks", "Flushed cheek"], "Causes": ["Mercury", "Slapped cheek syndrome", "Tularemia"], "Parents": ["Face sign", "Erythema"], "Children": ["Malar flush", "Heliotrope rash", "Acne rosacea", "Butterfly rash", "Facial flushing", "Horder's spots"]}
,{"Name": "Iron deficiency anaemia", "Synonyms": ["Fe deficiency anaemia", "Fe++ deficiency anaemia"], "Causes": ["Anaemia of blood loss", "Haemolytic anaemia", "Inadequate iron intake", "Iron malabsorption", "Increased iron requirement", "Chronic blood loss", "Iron deficient diet", "Copper deficiency"], "Effects": ["Low serum ferritin", "Microcytosis", "Hypochromia", "Koilonychia", "Atrophic glossitis", "Gastric atrophy", "Plummer-Vinson syndrome", "Poikilocytosis", "Low serum iron", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Dimorphic blood film", "Anisocytosis", "Target cells", "Pencil cells", "Splenomegaly", "Hydrops fetalis", "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Restless legs syndrome"], "Parents": ["Anaemia of reduced erythropoiesis", "Microcytic anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Hypercalciuria", "Causes": ["Hypercalcaemia", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Acromegaly", "Bartter syndrome", "Dent syndrome", "Nephrotic syndrome"], "Effects": ["Renal calculi", "Nephrocalcinosis", "Calcium oxalate stone", "Calcium phosphate stone", "Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"], "Treatments": ["Potassium citrate"], "Description": ["\"Rx potassium citrate\""]}
,{"Name": "Local infection", "Parents": ["Infectious disease", "Inflammatory disease"], "Children": ["Pneumonia", "Urinary tract infection", "Cholecystitis", "Ascending cholangitis", "Conjunctivitis", "Soft tissue infection", "Infectious skin disease", "Bacterial meningitis", "Gynaecological infection", "Venereal disease", "Septic arthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Clotrimazole", "Treats": ["Candida albicans"]}
,{"Name": "Excoriation", "Causes": ["Pruritus"]}
,{"Name": "Perianal sensory loss", "Synonyms": ["Loss of perianal sensation"], "Causes": ["S5 root lesion"], "Parents": ["Localised sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "5-fluorouracil", "Synonyms": ["5-FU", "5FU"], "Parents": ["Antimetabolite", "Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma of pancreas", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Actinic Keratoses", "Basal cell carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Bouchard node", "Causes": ["Osteoarthritis"], "Effects": ["Hand nodule"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Description": ["\"Proximal interphalangeal joint swelling\""]}
,{"Name": "Primary haemochromatosis", "Synonyms": ["Hereditary haemochromatosis", "Idiopathic haemochromatosis", "HFE gene mutation"], "Causes": ["HFE gene mutation", "H63D allele in the HFE gene", "HLA-A3", "HLA-B14", "C282Y allele in HFE gene"], "Effects": ["Haemochromatosis"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Congenital haematological disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation", "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 6\""]}
,{"Name": "Vibrio cholerae", "Effects": ["Cholera"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus"]}
,{"Name": "Systemic thromboembolisation", "Synonyms": ["Systemic thromboemboli"], "Causes": ["Left atrial thrombosis", "Ventricular aneurysm", "Myocardial infarction", "Aneurysmal thrombosis", "Prosthetic cardiac valve", "Atrial septal defect"], "Effects": ["Arterial embolus"]}
,{"Name": "Suprapubic pain", "Causes": ["Interstitial cystitis"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Etanacerpt", "Treats": ["Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Nemaline rod myopathy", "Effects": ["Proximal myopathy"], "Description": ["\"child or adult onset\""]}
,{"Name": "Cupping of optic disc", "Causes": ["Chronic glaucoma"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Myelopathy", "Synonyms": ["Spinal lesion", "Myelopathy", "Spinal cord lesion"], "Causes": ["Cervical spondylosis", "Spinal cord compression", "Transverse myelitis", "Syringomyelia", "Spinal cord infarction", "Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy", "Hereditory spastic paraparesis"], "Effects": ["Corticospinal tract lesion", "Paraplegia", "Spinothalamic tract lesion", "Dorsal column lesion", "Neurogenic bladder", "Impotence", "Sensory level"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system pathology"], "Children": ["Brown-Sequard syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Thermoactinomyces sacchari", "Effects": ["Bagassosis"], "Parents": ["Actinomyces"]}
,{"Name": "Rehydration", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Oligohydramnios"]}
,{"Name": "Upper airway obstruction", "Causes": ["Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome", "Multinodular goitre", "Inhaled foreign body", "Aspiration of gastric contents", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy", "Laryngospasm", "Cavernous haemangioma", "Laryngocoele"], "Effects": ["Chronic airway obstruction", "Acute hypoxia"]}
,{"Name": "Coccidioides immitis", "Synonyms": ["Coccidiomycosis", "Valley fever", "San Joaquin Valley fever", "California valley fever", "Desert fever"], "Effects": ["Atypical pneumonia", "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Erythema nodosum", "Mycetoma", "Non-caseating granuloma", "Cavitating lung lesion", "Exudate pleural effusion"], "Parents": ["Fungal infection"], "Treatments": ["Amphotericin B", "Fluconazole", "Itraconazole", "Ketoconazole"]}
,{"Name": "Applause sign", "Causes": ["Progressive supranuclear palsy"], "Description": ["\"When copying the examiner clap three times rapidly", "patient claps four times.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cardiac drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Antiarrhythmic drug", "Vasodilator", "Cardiac glycoside", "Adenosine", "Thrombolysis", "GPIIb/IIIA-receptor downregulator", "Clopidogrel"]}
,{"Name": "Aricept", "Treats": ["Alzheimer disease"]}
,{"Name": "Central hypoventilation", "Synonyms": ["Central respiratory failure", "CNS respiratory failure", "Central ventilatory failure"], "Causes": ["Chronic hypoxia", "Coma", "Coning of medulla", "Epileptic seizure", "Bulbar palsy", "Head injury"], "Parents": ["Hypoventilatory respiratory failure"]}
,{"Name": "Clouding of vision", "Synonyms": ["Misting of vision", "Blurred vision"], "Causes": ["Corneal oedema", "Malignant hypertension", "Papilloedema", "Amiodarone", "Cinchonism", "Candida endophthalmitis", "Delayed accommodation", "Corneal opacity", "Hypertension", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Anticholinergic drug", "Uveitis", "Superficial keratitis", "Acute glaucoma"], "Effects": ["Decreased visual acuity"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Coombs test positive", "Causes": ["Immune haemolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Unilateral papilloedema", "Causes": ["Foster Kennedy syndrome", "Retinal vein occlusion"], "Parents": ["Papilloedema"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased vital capacity", "Synonyms": ["Low VC", "Decreased VC"], "Causes": ["Restrictive pulmonary disease", "Pulmonary bulla"], "Parents": ["Decreased lung function"]}
,{"Name": "Typhus", "Effects": ["Weil-Felix test positive"], "Parents": ["Rickettsia", "Notifiable disease", "Tic-borne bacterial disease"], "Children": ["Louse borne typhus", "Tic-borne typhus"]}
,{"Name": "Sacral oedema", "Causes": ["Peripheral oedema"], "Parents": ["Oedema", "Cardiovascular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Mediastinitis", "Causes": ["Rupture of oesophagus", "Inhalation anthrax", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Irradiation", "Thoracic surgery"], "Effects": ["Pericarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Ophthalmological surgery", "Effects": ["Acquired cataract"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Corneal transplant", "Electrolysis", "Enucleation", "Phacoemulsification", "Extracapsular extraction of lens", "Vitrectomy", "Conjunctival autograft", "Amniotic membrane transplant", "Strontium plaque irradiation", "Eyelid reconstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Short bowel syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Insufficient bowel", "Insufficient ileum"], "Causes": ["Ileal resection"], "Effects": ["Dumping syndrome", "Decreased transit time", "Malabsorption state", "Bacterial D-lactate production"], "Treatments": ["Total parenteral nutrition"]}
,{"Name": "IDS gene mutation", "Effects": ["Hunter syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq28\""]}
,{"Name": "Low testosterone", "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Obesity", "Liver failure", "Chronic renal failure", "Pituitary disease", "Pituitary surgery", "Haemochromatosis", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Kallman syndrome", "Opioid", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Primary testicular failure", "Old age"], "Effects": ["Loss of libido", "Impotence", "Muscle weakness", "Osteoporosis", "Gigantism"], "Parents": ["Hypogonadism", "Sex hormone imbalance"], "Children": ["Mumps"], "Treatments": ["Testosterone replacement"], "Description": ["\"Fasting total testosterone <200 ng/dL on at least 2 separate occasions\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Drugs influencing anticoagulant therapy", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Drugs that increase effect of warfarin", "Drug that decreases effect of warfarin"]}
,{"Name": "Kostmann syndrome", "Effects": ["Ineffective granulopoiesis"], "Description": ["\"rare inherited deficit in granulocytic differentiation\""]}
,{"Name": "Laryngectomy", "Parents": ["Neck surgery"], "Treats": ["Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx"]}
,{"Name": "Epidural steroids", "Treats": ["Intervertebral disc herniation"]}
,{"Name": "Tripe palm", "Causes": ["Acanthosis nigricans"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"Strongly associated with internal malignancy.\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyaline casts", "Parents": ["Urinary casts"]}
,{"Name": "Coronary vasospasm", "Causes": ["Cocaine"], "Effects": ["Prinzmetal angina"]}
,{"Name": "Non-scarring alopecia", "Causes": ["Androgenic alopecia", "Telogen effluvium", "Alopecia areata", "Trichotillomania", "Traction of hair", "Tinea capitis", "Iron deficiency anaemia", "Hypothyroidism", "Heparin", "Cytotoxic drug", "Zinc deficiency", "Azathioprine", "Carbimazole", "Ranitidine", "Phenytoin", "Secondary syphilis", "Cronkhite-Canada syndrome", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Isotretinoin", "Hypervitaminosis A", "Valproate", "Mercury"], "Parents": ["Alopecia"]}
,{"Name": "Superficial parotidectomy", "Parents": ["Neck surgery"], "Treats": ["Parotid pleiomorphic adenoma"]}
,{"Name": "Normoblast", "Causes": ["Leukoerythroblastosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Musty breath odour", "Causes": ["Phenylketonuria"], "Parents": ["Breath smell"]}
,{"Name": "Meige syndrome", "Effects": ["Orofacial dyskinesia", "Blepharospasm", "Spastic tongue", "Dysarthria", "Brisk jaw jerk"]}
,{"Name": "Pleural pathology", "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"], "Children": ["Pleural effusion", "Pneumothorax", "Empyema", "Pleural thickening"]}
,{"Name": "Asian origin", "Effects": ["Osteoporosis", "Low high density lipoprotein", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Hydatidiform mole", "Bronchioalveolar carcinoma", "Cholasma", "Atherosclerosis", "Insulin resistance"], "Parents": ["Ethnic origin"], "Description": ["\"South Asian men 50% more likely to have IHD than general population.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Situational anxiety", "Parents": ["Anxiety disorder"], "Description": ["\"caused by new situations or changing events.\n\nwhen major changes in life occur: \n -entering college", "-getting married", "- having children\""]}
,{"Name": "Esmolol", "Effects": ["Chemical cardioversion"], "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Adson's sign", "Causes": ["Thoracic outlet obstruction"], "Description": ["\"loss of radial pulse by rotating head to the ipsilateral side with extended neck following deep inspiration.\nlonger used as a positive diagnosis of TOS since many people without TOS will show a positive Adson's.\""]}
,{"Name": "Acute hypoxia", "Causes": ["Upper airway obstruction", "Pulmonary embolus", "Apnoea", "High altitude", "Left-shift of haemoglobin dissociation curve", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "General anaesthetic"], "Effects": ["Delirium", "Cerebral infarction", "Seizure", "Drowsiness", "Coma", "Sickle cell crisis", "Acute coronary syndrome", "Asystole"], "Parents": ["Hypoxaemia"], "Treatments": ["Oxygen"]}
,{"Name": "Lichen simplex", "Synonyms": ["Neurodermatitis", "Lichen simplex chronicus"], "Effects": ["Pruritus"], "Parents": ["Vulval skin disorder"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Metformin", "Effects": ["Bloating", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Bowel irritation by drug", "Anorexia", "Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Biguanide"], "Treats": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Description": ["\"20% get diarrhoea\n20% get B12 deficiency after 10yrs (Rx oral calcium)\n3 in 100", "000 get lactic acidosis: mortality 50%\""]}
,{"Name": "Poliovirus", "Causes": ["Faecal contamination of food"], "Effects": ["Mainly motor neuropathy", "Nerve root lesion", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Bulbar palsy", "Pes cavus", "Viral meningitis"], "Parents": ["Enterovirus", "Anterior horn cell disease", "Contagious disease"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous sarcoidosis", "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis", "Blau syndrome"], "Effects": ["Erythema nodosum", "Lupus pernio"], "Treatments": ["Triamcinolone", "Hydroxychloroquine", "Allopurinol", "Thalidomide", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"10% of cases\nRx intralesional triamcinolone", "topical steroid", "systemic steroid", "hydroxychloroquine", "allupurinol", "thalidomide\""]}
,{"Name": "Prochlorperazine", "Synonyms": ["Stemetil"], "Parents": ["Phenothiazine", "Neuroleptic drug"], "Description": ["\"Antipsychotic.\nNow relatively seldom used for the treatment of psychosis.\nDopamine (D2) receptor antagonist (Phenothiazine class ).\n \nUsed in:\n-Vertigo\n-Antiemetic\n-Labrynthitis\""]}
,{"Name": "Callus", "Synonyms": ["Callous", "Callosity"], "Causes": ["Chronic occupational hand injury"], "Effects": ["Sclerosis of bone"], "Parents": ["Disorder of keratinsation"], "Treatments": ["Topical salicylic acid"], "Description": ["\"Palmar and plantar surfaces.\nPainless.\nNo treatment required.\""]}
,{"Name": "Trastuzumab", "Synonyms": ["Herceptin"], "Parents": ["Monoclonal antibody", "EGFR inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma of breast"], "Description": ["\"targets the HER2/neu (erbB2) receptor.\""]}
,{"Name": "Echocardiography sign", "Synonyms": ["Echo sign", "Cardiac echo finding"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Right atrial hypertrophy", "Left atrial hypertrophy", "Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy", "Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve", "Ventricular hypertrophy", "Increased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension"]}
,{"Name": "India ink stain positive", "Causes": ["Cryptococcus neoformans"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Austin Flint murmur", "Causes": ["Aortic regurgitation"], "Effects": ["Mid-diastolic murmur"], "Description": ["\"Apical", "low pitched", "mid-diastolic murmur\nAR; turbulence at anterior mitral leaflet in regurgitant jet.\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypercoagulable state", "Synonyms": ["Hyperthrombotic state", "Clotting tendency", "Thrombotic tendency", "Prothrombotic state"], "Effects": ["Virchow's triad", "Venous thrombosis"], "Children": ["Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Genetic hypercoagulable state"]}
,{"Name": "CSF Rhinorrhoea", "Causes": ["Base of skull fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Thalidomide", "Effects": ["Congenital skeletal dysplasia", "Phocomelia"], "Parents": ["Dermatological drug", "Teratogenic drug"], "Treats": ["Cutaneous sarcoidosis", "Discoid lupus erythematosus"]}
,{"Name": "Microbiological investigation", "Synonyms": ["Microbiology test"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Catalase positive", "Positive Quellung test", "Optochin resistance", "Casoni intradermal test positive", "Coagulase positive colony"]}
,{"Name": "Nitrogen mustard", "Synonyms": ["Mechlorethamine", "Mustargen", "Mustine", "2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methyl-ethanamine", "Chlormethine"], "Parents": ["Alkylating agent"], "Treats": ["Mycosis fungoides"]}
,{"Name": "Endocrine skin disorder", "Parents": ["Dermatological disease"], "Children": ["Diabetic dermopathy", "Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Pretibial myxoedema"]}
,{"Name": "Poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare", "Causes": ["Mycosis fungoides"], "Effects": ["Telangiectasia", "Atrophic skin", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Erythema"], "Description": ["\"Premalignant erythema", "reticulate pigmentation", "telangiectasiae and atrophy.\""]}
,{"Name": "Intracerebral haemorrhage", "Synonyms": ["Lobar haemorrhage"], "Causes": ["Malignant hypertension", "Cerebral arteriovenous malformation", "Bleeding disorder", "Eclampsia"], "Effects": ["Cerebral infarction", "Coma", "Hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Intracranial bleed", "Cerebrovascular accident"], "Treatments": ["Antihypertensive drug", "Mannitol", "Factor VIIa"], "Description": ["\"Overall mortality = 50%\nMortality high in brain stem lesions\""]}
,{"Name": "Electrophysiological sign", "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Motor conduction block"]}
,{"Name": "Riedel thyroiditis", "Effects": ["Hypothyroidism"], "Parents": ["Thyroid disease"], "Description": ["\"Fibrosing thyroiditis\""]}
,{"Name": "Aphasia", "Synonyms": ["Dysphasia"], "Causes": ["Frontotemporal dementia"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom", "Focal cerebral neurological sign"], "Children": ["Receptive aphasia", "Conductive aphasia", "Expressive aphasia"]}
,{"Name": "F9 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Haemophilia B"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq27.1-q27.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Hoffman reflex", "Synonyms": ["Hoffman's sign"], "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Flicking a finger causes neighbouring digits to flex\""]}
,{"Name": "Inguinal lymphadenopathy", "Causes": ["Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Herpes simplex virus"], "Parents": ["Lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Oyster", "Effects": ["Norwalk agent"], "Parents": ["Food", "Shellfish"]}
,{"Name": "Brocks syndrome", "Causes": ["Primary tuberculosis"], "Description": ["\"Middle lobe bronchiectasis\""]}
,{"Name": "Kussmaul sign", "Synonyms": ["Paradoxical high JVP"], "Causes": ["Cardiac tamponade"], "Parents": ["Jugular venous pressure sign"], "Description": ["\"Elevated JVP which rises on inspiration\""]}
,{"Name": "Paradoxical embolus", "Synonyms": ["Paradoxical embolisation", "Systemic-systemic embolus"], "Causes": ["Right to left shunt", "Patent foramen ovale", "Valsalva manoevure", "Deep vein thrombosis"], "Effects": ["Cerebral infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Visual distortion", "Synonyms": ["Distortion of vision"], "Causes": ["Hyperviscosity", "Posterior vitreous detachment", "Retinal detachment"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Lennox-Gastaut syndrome", "Effects": ["Hypsarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Primary generalised epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoxic respiratory failure", "Synonyms": ["Type I respiratory failure", "Type 1 respiratory failure"], "Causes": ["Parenchymal lung disease", "Pulmonary embolus", "Pulmonary oedema", "Asthma", "Emphysema", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Cerebrovascular accident", "Neonatal hypoxia"], "Effects": ["Hypoxaemia", "Hyperventilation", "Hypoxic encephalopathy", "Hypoxic brain injury"], "Parents": ["Respiratory failure"]}
,{"Name": "Abducent nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["VI nerve palsy", "6th nerve palsy", "Sixth nerve palsy"], "Causes": ["Cavernous sinus lesion", "Herniation of uncus", "Mobius syndrome"], "Effects": ["Disjunct gaze palsy", "Abduction deficit"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary macrognathia", "Effects": ["Macrognathia"], "Parents": ["Head and neck malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Scalded skin syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Staphylococal scalded skin syndrome", "SSSS", "Exfoliatin toxicity"], "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus"], "Effects": ["Epidermolysis"], "Parents": ["Exotoxin syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "SRD5A2 gene mutation", "Effects": ["5-alpha-reductase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 2p23\""]}
,{"Name": "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Synonyms": ["PCT"], "Causes": ["Alcoholism"], "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Bulla", "Photosensitivity", "Onycholysis", "Hypertrichosis", "Steatosis", "Hepatic haemosiderosis", "High serum ferritin", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Porphyria", "Congenital skin disease"], "Treatments": ["Venesection"], "Description": ["\"Commoner in men over 35\nRx avoid oestrogen", "sunlight", "alcohol. Phlebotomy", "Chloroquine.\n\nlack enzymes that create heme: \nHeme made of porphyrins which hence accumulate. \""]}
,{"Name": "Fine basal crackles", "Causes": ["Pulmonary oedema"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary crackles"]}
,{"Name": "Periportal granuloma", "Causes": ["Primary biliary cirrhosis"], "Parents": ["Liver biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Perineal tear", "Causes": ["Shoulder dystocia"], "Effects": ["Colo-vaginal fistula"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"]}
,{"Name": "Mediterranean origin", "Effects": ["Thalassaemia", "Fievre boutonneuse", "Familial mediterranean fever", "Kaposi sarcoma", "Pemphigus vulgaris"], "Parents": ["Ethnic origin"], "Children": ["Turkish origin"]}
,{"Name": "Pontine lesion", "Causes": ["Cerebrovascular accident", "Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis"], "Effects": ["Vertigo", "Skew deviation", "Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Internuclear ophthalmoplegia", "Decerebrate posturing"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Complication of childbirth", "Synonyms": ["Obstetric complication"], "Causes": ["Childbirth"], "Effects": ["Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Obstetric condition"], "Children": ["Dystocia", "Nuchal cord", "Umblical cord prolapse", "Umblical cord copmpression", "Shoulder dystocia", "Perineal tear", "Uterine rupture", "Low birth weight", "Birth trauma", "Cephalhaematoma", "Caput succedanum", "Cephalopelvic disproportion", "Perinatal hypoxia", "Absent fetal heart sounds", "Meconium stained liquor", "Meconium aspiration", "Incomplete separation", "Maternal Risk", "Maternal mortality", "Pre-eclampsia", "Ante-partum haemorrhage", "Premature birth", "Premature membrane rupture"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral palsy", "Synonyms": ["Congenital brain damage"], "Causes": ["Perinatal hypoxia", "Premature birth", "Overdue pregnancy", "Multiple birth"], "Effects": ["Scissoring", "Hot potato speech", "Dysarthria", "Congenital strabismus"], "Parents": ["Spastic paralysis"]}
,{"Name": "Low CSF glucose", "Causes": ["Viral meningitis", "Bacterial meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Donath Landsteiner IgG", "Synonyms": ["Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinura"], "Causes": ["Syphilis"], "Effects": ["Cold antibody haemolysis"], "Parents": ["Serum electrophoresis"]}
,{"Name": "Schizoid personality disorder", "Parents": ["Personality disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Autoimmune liver disease", "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease"], "Children": ["Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Chronic active hepatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Brachial artery injury", "Causes": ["Supracondylar fracture humerus"]}
,{"Name": "Genitourinary carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["GU cancer"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary pathology", "Carcinoma"], "Children": ["Urinary tract carcinoma", "Testicular tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx", "Synonyms": ["Laryngeal cancer", "Laryngeal malignancy"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking", "Alcoholism", "Human papilloma virus", "Diesel fumes", "Asbestos inhalation"], "Effects": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion", "Bazex syndrome", "Hoarse voice", "Sore throat"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat neoplasm", "Laryngology", "Squamous cell tumour"], "Treatments": ["Laryngectomy", "Radiotherapy", "Cisplatin"], "Description": ["\"Survival rates  better than for  pharyngeal cancer\n5yr survival = 60%\""]}
,{"Name": "Dullness in Traub's space", "Causes": ["Splenomegaly"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"], "Description": ["\"Dull in 9th left intercostal space in anterior axillary line\""]}
,{"Name": "Atrial myxoma", "Effects": ["Fingernail clubbing", "Mitral stenosis", "Fever", "Left atrial thrombosis", "Intravascular haemolysis"], "Parents": ["Tumour"]}
,{"Name": "L-asparaginase", "Effects": ["Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Metabolic drug"], "Treats": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital deafness", "Causes": ["Fetal alcohol syndrome", "Down syndrome", "Edward's syndrome", "Alport syndrome", "Fanconi anaemia", "Patau syndrome", "CHARGE syndrome", "Jervell-Lange-Nielson syndrome", "Refsum disease", "Usher disease", "Krabbe disease", "Premature birth", "Stickler syndrome", "Biotinidase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Deafness"]}
,{"Name": "Lipiduria", "Causes": ["Hyperlipidaemia"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Osteoarthritis", "Causes": ["Obesity", "Joint injury", "Exercise", "Polygenic inheritance", "Alkaptonuria", "Wilson's disease"], "Effects": ["Morning stiffness", "Narrowing of joint space", "Osteophyte", "Sclerosis of bone", "Heberden node", "Bouchard node", "Calcified intervertebral disc", "Bone cyst", "Syndesmophyte", "Chondrocalcinosis", "Hand pain", "Baker's cyst", "Sterile inflammation"], "Parents": ["Arthropathy", "Arthritis"], "Treatments": ["Weight loss", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Steroid injections", "Arthroplasty"]}
,{"Name": "Vibrating tools", "Effects": ["Chronic occupational hand injury"]}
,{"Name": "Morbid fear", "Causes": ["Delusion"], "Parents": ["Altered thought content"]}
,{"Name": "Haematological pathology", "Synonyms": ["Dyscrasia", "Dyskrasia", "Blood pathology"], "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Anaemia", "Haemolysis", "Bleeding disorder", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Haemoglobinopathy", "Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria", "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Haemochromatosis", "Haematological malignancy", "Porphyria"]}
,{"Name": "Prinzmetal angina", "Causes": ["Coronary vasospasm", "Myocardial ischaemia"], "Effects": ["ST elevation", "Increased R wave amplitude", "Moyamoya disease", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Angina pectoris"], "Description": ["\"Rx Nifedipine\""]}
,{"Name": "OPN1LW gene mutation", "Effects": ["Red-green colour blindness"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq28\""]}
,{"Name": "Non-disjunction", "Effects": ["Trisomy"]}
,{"Name": "Deep voice", "Synonyms": ["Deepening of voice", "Low pitched voice", "Cavernous voice"], "Causes": ["Acromegaly", "Virilisation"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom", "Dysphonia"]}
,{"Name": "Busulphan", "Effects": ["Apical lung fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Alkylating agent"], "Treats": ["Polycythaemia rubra vera"]}
,{"Name": "Blepharospasm", "Synonyms": ["Eyelid twitching"], "Causes": ["Torsion dystonia", "Meige syndrome"], "Parents": ["Ocular symptom", "Dystonia"], "Treatments": ["Botulinum toxin"]}
,{"Name": "Inhaled foreign body", "Synonyms": ["Choking"], "Causes": ["Food"], "Effects": ["Blocked bronchus", "Upper airway obstruction"], "Treatments": ["Heimlich manoeuvre"], "Description": ["\"Peanuts enter right main bronchus\""]}
,{"Name": "Aniline", "Effects": ["Acquired methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Dye"]}
,{"Name": "Localised sensory loss", "Synonyms": ["Focal sensory deficit"], "Causes": ["Nerve root lesion"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"], "Children": ["Dorsum of foot sensory loss", "Lateral leg sensory loss", "Lateral edge of hand sensory loss", "Lateral edge of foot sensory loss", "Perianal sensory loss", "Saddle anaesthesia"]}
,{"Name": "Barking cough", "Causes": ["Croup"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Folic acid deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Folate deficiency"], "Causes": ["Decreased folic acid intake", "Folic acid malabsorption", "Increased folate loss", "Increased folate requirement", "Folate antagonist drug"], "Effects": ["Megaloblastic anaemia", "Pancytopaenia", "Homocysteinaemia", "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Neural tube defect"], "Parents": ["Acquired metabolic disease"], "Treatments": ["Folic acid"], "Description": ["\"Daily requirement = 100 - 200 mcg\nStores sufficient for 4 months\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Losartan", "Parents": ["Angiotensin blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Imipenem", "Parents": ["Very broad spectrum antibiotic"]}
,{"Name": "Nalidixic acid", "Synonyms": ["Negram"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Treats": ["Urinary tract infection"], "Description": ["\"Effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. \nIn lower concentrations", "it acts as a bacteriostatic.\nHistorically used for Proteus & Klebsiella UTI.\""]}
,{"Name": "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Synonyms": ["Tricuspid incompetence"], "Causes": ["Right ventricular failure", "Carcinoid tumour", "Ebstein anomaly", "Ostium primum atrial septal defect", "Atrioventricular septal defect"], "Effects": ["Peripheral oedema", "Right ventricular failure", "Raised jugular venous pressure", "Large JVP v-wave", "Left parasternal heave", "Pansystolic murmur", "Paradoxical splitting of second heart sound", "Pulsatile liver", "Tender hepatomegaly", "Ascites", "Right atrial hypertrophy", "Nutmeg liver"], "Parents": ["Valvular heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy", "Effects": ["Steatosis", "Liver failure"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "Priapism", "Causes": ["Chronic myeloid leukaemia", "Sickle cell crisis"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Bone infarct", "Synonyms": ["Bone infarction", "Osteonecrosis"], "Effects": ["Sclerosis of bone"], "Children": ["Avascular necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Coriander", "Parents": ["Carminative"]}
,{"Name": "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Synonyms": ["Protein losing enteropathy"], "Causes": ["Crohn's disease", "Coeliac disease", "Whipple's disease", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Pseudomembranous colitis", "Intestinal lymphangiectasia", "Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Graft versus host disease", "Gastrointestinal lymphoma", "Right ventricular failure", "Chronic constrictive pericarditis", "Menetrier disease", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Sarcoidosis", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis"], "Effects": ["Hypoalbuminaemia", "Raised alpha-2 globulin", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal pathology"], "Treatments": ["Human albumin solution"], "Description": ["\"Ix with IV radiolabelled albumin", "or stool alpha-1-antitrypsin\""]}
,{"Name": "Mechanical effect on eyelid", "Causes": ["Neurofibroma", "Eyelid papilloma"], "Effects": ["Ptosis"]}
,{"Name": "Neurological procedure", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Children": ["Lumbar puncture"]}
,{"Name": "Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["Eighth nerve palsy", "8th nerve palsy"], "Causes": ["Head injury", "Paget disease", "Acoustic neuroma", "Ramsay Hunt syndrome", "Vestibular neuronitis"], "Effects": ["Sensorineural deafness", "Vertigo", "Tinnitus"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Spontaneous mutation", "Effects": ["Mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Struvite stone", "Causes": ["Urinary tract infection", "Klebsiella", "Proteus", "Urinary tract tuberculosis"], "Parents": ["Renal calculi"], "Description": ["\"Rx surgery\""]}
,{"Name": "Limb ischaemia", "Synonyms": ["Leg ischaemia", "Ischaemic leg"], "Causes": ["Peripheral vascular disease", "Arterial embolus", "Compartment syndrome"], "Effects": ["Intermittent claudication", "Pallor", "Atrophic skin", "Skin hair loss", "Cold skin", "Muscle wasting", "Absent radial pulse", "Absent arterial pulse", "Low ankle brachial pressure index", "Capillary refill poor", "Buergers test positive", "Venous guttering", "Venous refill poor", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Arterial ulcer", "Peripheral gangrene", "Limb sensory loss"], "Parents": ["Ischaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Helvetica spotted fever", "Parents": ["Tic-borne bacterial disease"]}
,{"Name": "Eye discharge", "Synonyms": ["Conjunctival discharge", "Ocular discharge"], "Causes": ["Conjunctivitis", "Trachoma", "Superficial keratitis", "Ophthalmic herpes zoster", "Hay fever"], "Parents": ["Ocular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Alport's triad", "Causes": ["Alport syndrome"], "Effects": ["Sensorineural deafness", "Chronic renal failure", "Retinitis pigmentosa"]}
,{"Name": "dacryocystorhinostomy", "Parents": ["ENT surgery"], "Treats": ["Dacryocystitis"]}
,{"Name": "Culture-negative endocarditis", "Synonyms": ["Fastidious organism endocarditis"], "Causes": ["Brucellosis", "Chlamydial infection", "Mycoplasmal infection", "Legionella", "Tropheryma whippelii", "Streptobacillus", "Q-fever"], "Parents": ["Bacterial endocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital metabolic disease", "Synonyms": ["Genetic metabolic disease", "Inborn error of metabolism"], "Effects": ["Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Congenital disease", "Metabolic disease", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Children": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease", "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease", "X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Cytotoxic drug", "Synonyms": ["Cytotoxic", "Cytotoxic agent"], "Effects": ["Drug induced platelet production impairment", "Bone marrow suppression", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Acute tubular necrosis", "Mucosal erosion", "Oral ulcer", "Anorexia", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Immunosuppressant drug", "Chemotheraputic drug"], "Children": ["Alkylating agent", "Antimetabolite", "Vinca alkaloid", "Actinomycin D", "Doxorubicin", "Daunorubicin", "Taxane", "Etoposide", "Bleomycin", "Mitomicin", "Mitoxantrone", "Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor", "Rapamycin"], "Treats": ["Renal cell carcinoma", "Malignant melanoma"]}
,{"Name": "Dermatological disease", "Synonyms": ["Skin disease", "Cutaneous disease"], "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Congenital skin disease", "Infectious skin disease", "Disorder of keratinsation", "Endocrine skin disorder", "Drug induced skin disease", "Photosensitivity dermatitis", "Contact dermatitis", "Urticaria", "Autoimmune skin disease", "Skin Tumours", "Idiopathic skin disease"]}
,{"Name": "Luthy sign", "Synonyms": ["Abduction paresis"], "Causes": ["Carpal tunnel syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Description": ["\"Skinfold between thumb and index finger does not close tightly\""]}
,{"Name": "Contralateral ataxia", "Causes": ["Benedict syndrome", "Claude syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cerebellar ataxia"]}
,{"Name": "Non-dysjunction", "Effects": ["Down syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Orthopaedic symptom", "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Bone pain", "Winged scapula", "Tenosynovitis", "Tendonopathy", "Clutton joints", "Bowed legs", "Musculoskeletal pain"]}
,{"Name": "Chemical", "Parents": ["Substance"], "Children": ["Arsenic", "Benzene", "Carbon monoxide", "Carbon tetrachloride", "Caustic soda", "Cyanate", "Dye", "Endotoxin", "Fatty acid", "Germanium", "Ginka alkaloid", "Glycosaminoglycan", "Heavy metal", "Kerosene", "Lead poisoning", "Manganese", "N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone-imine", "Oxygen", "Silica", "Silver", "Sulphur dioxide", "Selenium", "Methylene blue", "Oxalate", "Paraquat", "Peroxide", "Pesticide", "Phosphorus-32", "Potassium therapy", "Sulphur", "Thallium", "Thorotrast", "Zinc"]}
,{"Name": "Deep brain stimulation", "Parents": ["Brain surgery"], "Treats": ["Parkinsonism"]}
,{"Name": "Slow rising pulse", "Synonyms": ["Plateau pulse", "Pulsus parvus et tardus"], "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis"], "Parents": ["Carotid pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "Lipoidosis", "Effects": ["Generalised lymphadenopathy"], "Children": ["Minimal change glomerulonephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy", "Synonyms": ["DRPLA", "Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy"], "Effects": ["Cerebellar ataxia", "Myoclonus", "Progressive myoclonic epilepsy", "Chorea"], "Parents": ["Triplet repeat disease", "Disease due to genetic mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Synonyms": ["ADPCKD", "Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease", "APCKD"], "Causes": ["PKD1 gene mutation", "Tuberous sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Renal cyst", "Ballotable kidney", "Intracystic haemorrhage", "Haematuria", "Hypertension", "Liver cyst", "Pancreatic Cyst", "Berry aneurysm", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Valvular heart disease", "Inappropriately raised erythropoietin", "Renal fluid retention", "Sterile pyuria", "Chronic renal failure"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation", "Genitourinary malformation"], "Treatments": ["Antihypertensive drug", "Cyst aspiration"], "Description": ["\"occurs in about 1/1000 people.\nBy age 60", "60%  require dialysis or transplantation.\n\nDD: Von Hippel Lindau\na familial cancer syndrome", "characterized by retinal", "spinal", "and cerebellar haemangioblastomas", "renalcell carcinomas", "and phaeochromocytomas\n\nGenetic counseling for 1st-degree relatives of patients with ADPKD", "\""]}
,{"Name": "Congenital syphilis", "Causes": ["Syphilis"], "Effects": ["Frontal bossing", "Saddle nose", "Prognathism", "Moon's molar", "Interstitial keratitis", "Hutchinson incisor", "Sensorineural deafness", "Periostitis", "Sabre tibia", "Clutton joints", "Rhagades", "Cleft palate", "Uveitis", "Infective conjunctivitis", "Hutchinson's triad"]}
,{"Name": "Snout reflex", "Parents": ["Primitive reflex"], "Description": ["\"pressure on philtrum causes puckering of lips\""]}
,{"Name": "Chlamydis psittaci infection", "Effects": ["Psittacosis"], "Parents": ["Chlamydial infection", "Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["Doxycycline"]}
,{"Name": "Red eye", "Synonyms": ["Scleral redness"], "Causes": ["Anterior uveitis", "Conjunctivitis", "Ophthalmic autonomic dysregulation", "Coats disease", "Uveitis", "Superficial keratitis", "Chalazion", "Hordeolum", "Trichiasis", "Tularemia", "Pterygium of the eye"], "Parents": ["Ocular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Otitis media", "Causes": ["Cleft palate"], "Effects": ["Childhood deafness"], "Parents": ["Otological disease"], "Children": ["Acute otitis media", "Chronic suppurative otitis media"], "Treatments": ["Amoxycillin", "Clarithromycin"]}
,{"Name": "Prostaglandin analogues", "Treats": ["Chronic glaucoma"]}
,{"Name": "Electrode implants", "Effects": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"]}
,{"Name": "Optical floater", "Synonyms": ["Musca volitans", "Muscae volitantes", "Spots before the eyes"], "Causes": ["Posterior vitreous detachment", "Uveitis"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Acute post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis", "Effects": ["Acute glomerulonephritis", "Acute nephritic syndrome", "Seizure", "Antistreptolysin O titer"], "Description": ["\"comes on 10 to 14 days after a skin or throat infection.\n\nSpontaneous resolution is the norm.\n\nNot the result of infection", "but autoimmune.\""]}
,{"Name": "Griffith sign", "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Description": ["\"Lower lid lag on upward gaze\""]}
,{"Name": "Acanthocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Acanthocytic blood film"], "Causes": ["Neuroacanthocytosis", "Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome", "Malnutrition", "McLeod syndrome", "Hypothyroidism", "Infantile pyknocytosis", "Zieve syndrome"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\"star shaped RBC\""]}
,{"Name": "Kehr's sign", "Causes": ["Splenic tear"], "Effects": ["Shoulder pain"], "Parents": ["Referred pain"], "Description": ["\"Pain referred to tip of left shoulder\""]}
,{"Name": "Whipple's disease", "Synonyms": ["Whipple disease", "intestinal lipodystrophy"], "Causes": ["Tropheryma whippelii", "Male gender", "Defective T-cell function"], "Effects": ["Malabsorption state", "Diarrhoea", "Arthralgia", "Fingernail clubbing", "Uveitis", "Central scotoma", "Papilloedema", "Facial myoclonus", "Oculomasticatory myoarrhythmia", "Ascites", "Bacterial pericarditis", "Bacterial meningitis", "Infective endocarditis", "Hypothalamic syndrome", "Subtotal villous atrophy", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Impaired vertical saccades", "Chorea", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Early onset dementia", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"], "Treatments": ["Doxycycline", "Hydroxychloroquine"], "Description": ["\"<500 case reports worldwide\nInfection with bacterium Tropheryma whippeli (actinomycetes)\n\nTreatment: \nDoxycycline with hydroxychloroquine for x 1 yr\nShorter treatment =  relapse rate of 40%.\n\nUntreated = fatal\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "C3 deficiency", "Effects": ["Capsulated organism"], "Parents": ["Congenital complement deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Pachydermoperiostosis", "Synonyms": ["Touraine-Solenti-Gole syndrome"], "Effects": ["Sweaty palm", "Coarse skin", "Fingernail clubbing", "Periostitis", "Large ears", "Prognathism", "Macroglossia", "Frontal bossing", "Diastema"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"]}
,{"Name": "Coagulase positive colony", "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus"], "Parents": ["Microbiological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Synonyms": ["SCC of urinary bladder", "Squamous bladder cancer"], "Causes": ["Schistosomiasis"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Squamous cell tumour"], "Treatments": ["Radical Cystectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Tau protein mutation", "Causes": ["MAPT gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Progressive supranuclear palsy"], "Parents": ["Mutation", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"proteins that stabilize microtubules. \nThey are abundant in neurons of the central nervous system.\""]}
,{"Name": "Third generation cephalosporin", "Synonyms": ["3rd generation cefalosporin"], "Parents": ["Cephalosporin"], "Children": ["Cefotaxime", "Ceftriaxone", "Ceftazidime"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic bronchitis", "Effects": ["Cough", "Sputum", "Coarse crepitations throughout"], "Parents": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"], "Description": ["\"Cough productive of sputum on most days for at least three months of the year\n for more than one year\""]}
,{"Name": "Basilar artery aneurysm", "Effects": ["Trigeminal neuralgia"]}
,{"Name": "Increased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension", "Synonyms": ["Large LVEDV", "Large LV end-diastolic volume"], "Causes": ["Mitral regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Echocardiography sign"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic headache", "Causes": ["Emotional stress", "Post menopause", "Eye strain", "Sinusitis", "Neck muscle strain", "Temporal arteritis", "Head injury", "Subdural haematoma", "Cerebral arteriovenous malformation", "Cerebral vasodilatation", "Infectious mononucleosis", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Takayasu arteritis", "Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Polymyalgia rheumatica", "Carbimazole", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Hyperviscosity", "Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Bromide", "Carbamazepine", "Ethosuximide", "Hypertension", "Trypanosoma brucei gambiense"], "Parents": ["Headache"]}
,{"Name": "Post-tussive vomiting", "Causes": ["Pertussis"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Noninfective meningitis", "Causes": ["Malignant infiltration of meninges", "Intrathecal drug", "Sarcoidosis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Behcet disease", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Intravenous immunoglobulin", "Sulphamethoxazole"], "Parents": ["Aseptic meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Phenytoin toxicity", "Causes": ["Phenytoin"], "Effects": ["Cerebellar ataxia", "Nystagmus", "Drowsiness"], "Parents": ["Drug toxicity"]}
,{"Name": "Hypereosinophilic syndrome", "Effects": ["Metabolic neuropathy", "Restrictive cardiomyopathy", "Splenomegaly"], "Parents": ["Eosinophilia"]}
,{"Name": "Alopecia", "Synonyms": ["Hair loss", "Baldness"], "Causes": ["Werner syndrome", "Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cutaneous symptom"], "Children": ["Scarring alopecia", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Frontal balding"]}
,{"Name": "Dolichostenomelia", "Synonyms": ["Long limbs"], "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"], "Description": ["\"long limbs.\narm spam greater than height.\""]}
,{"Name": "Parenchymal lung disease", "Synonyms": ["Interstitial lung disease"], "Effects": ["Hypoxic respiratory failure", "Decreased KCO"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"], "Children": ["Emphysema", "Pulmonary fibrosis", "Interstitial pneumonitis", "Pulmonary oedema", "Pulmonary haemorrhage", "Bronchiolitis obliterans", "Chronic suppurative lung disease"]}
,{"Name": "Bird's beak appearance", "Causes": ["Achalasia cardia"], "Parents": ["Barium sign"]}
,{"Name": "TP53 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Li-Fraumeni syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 17p13.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Cardiomyotomy", "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Treats": ["Achalasia cardia"]}
,{"Name": "Tongue biting", "Causes": ["Epileptic seizure"]}
,{"Name": "Mouth sign", "Synonyms": ["Oral sign"], "Parents": ["Face sign"], "Children": ["Microstomia", "Cheilitis", "Perioral spots", "Hyperpigmented maculae on lips", "Gingivitis", "Gum hyperplasia", "Blue gums", "Brown gums", "Glossitis", "Black tongue", "Strawberry tongue", "Macroglossia", "Geographic tongue", "Spastic tongue", "Tongue fasciculation", "Wasting of tongue", "High arched palate", "Cleft palate", "Muller sign", "Koplik spots", "White oral plaque", "Hairy leukoplakia", "Buccal snail-track ulcer", "Orange tonsils", "Staining of teeth", "Tooth sign", "Orofacial dyskinesia", "Supernumerary teeth"]}
,{"Name": "Myasthenia gravis", "Synonyms": ["MG"], "Causes": ["HLA-DR3", "Thymoma", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Graves disease"], "Effects": ["Fatigue", "Neuromuscular blockade", "Bilateral ptosis", "Lagophthalmos", "Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Ptosis"], "Parents": ["Myasthenia", "Autoimmune disease"], "Treatments": ["Immunosuppressant drug", "Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor", "Plasmapheresis"], "Description": ["\"Autoimmune attack on postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors.\r\n\r\nParalysis of  respiratory muscles requiring assisted ventilation.\r\nHeart muscle unaffected ( autonomic nervous system).\r\n\r\nAssociated with:\r\nHashimotos\r\nGraves disease\r\nRheumatoid arthritis\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "West Nile fever", "Synonyms": ["Flavivirus"], "Causes": ["Flavivirus"], "Effects": ["Infectious encephalitis", "Viral meningitis"], "Parents": ["Zoonosis"], "Description": ["\"No specific treatment available. \n\nMosquito-borne  arbovirus. Genus Flavivirus.\nBirds serve as the prime reservoir host", "especially passerines.\n\nVirus is found in temperate and tropical regions of the world. \nFirst identified in the West Nile subregion.\nNow spread to USA & Europe.\n2012 outbreak in Texas killed 280 people.\n\n80% of West Nile virus infections in humans are subclinical.\""]}
,{"Name": "Fever", "Synonyms": ["Pyrexia", "Febrility"], "Causes": ["Physiological raised temperature", "Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction", "Malignancy", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Pulmonary infarct", "Dressler syndrome", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Subacute thyroiditis", "Prophylactic immunisation", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Pulmonary sarcoidosis", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Goodpasture syndrome", "Still disease", "Paroxysmal myoglobinuria", "Roseola infantum", "Atrial myxoma", "Panniculitis", "Malaria", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Rat-bite fever", "Trichinellosis", "Toxic shock syndrome", "Inflammatory disease"], "Effects": ["Hyperthermia", "Sinus tachycardia", "Shivering", "Rigor", "Sweating", "Seizure", "Delirium", "Increased Basal Metabolic rate", "Increased growth hormone secretion", "Proteinuria", "Emotional stress"], "Parents": ["Constitutional symptom"], "Children": ["Fever of unknown origin", "Maternal hyperthermia"]}
,{"Name": "Tam-Horsfall protein", "Synonyms": ["Uromodulin"], "Causes": ["Exercise"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"], "Description": ["\"Normal protein that can be found in urine\n\n\nUp to 150 mg/day of uromodulin is excreted in the urine", "making it the most abundant protein in normal urine.\n\nSignificance:\na) may provide defense against urinary tract infections\n\nb) it is part of the matrix in renal calculi but a role in kidney stone formation remains debatable. \n    However", "decreased levels of Tamm\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdHorsfall in urine have been found to be a good indicator of kidney stones.\""]}
,{"Name": "In vitro fertilisation", "Synonyms": ["IVF"], "Effects": ["Multiple birth"], "Treats": ["Infertility"]}
,{"Name": "Vulval irritation", "Causes": ["Vulval infection", "Vulval skin disorder", "Bartholin's gland abscess"], "Effects": ["Vulval pruritus", "Vulval burning", "Superficial dyspareunia"]}
,{"Name": "Amoxycillin", "Parents": ["Penicillin"], "Treats": ["Helicobacter pylori", "Otitis media"]}
,{"Name": "Hypochromia", "Synonyms": ["Hypochromic blood film"], "Causes": ["Ineffective erythropoiesis", "Iron deficiency anaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Zoledronic acid", "Synonyms": ["Zometa", "Aledronate"], "Effects": ["Drug nephrotoxicity", "Oral ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Valvotomy", "Parents": ["Cardiac surgery"], "Treats": ["Pulmonary stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Lateral eyebrow hair loss", "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism", "Lepromatous leprosy"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Tuberculous cavitation", "Effects": ["Cavernous breath sounds"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Compound Naevus", "Parents": ["Benign melanoma"], "Description": ["\" A mixture of junctional and intradermal proliferation.\n     - Raised\n     - brown to black.\n    - Beauty marks are compound nevi \""]}
,{"Name": "Neurofilament inclusion disease", "Synonyms": ["Neurofilamentopathy"], "Effects": ["Impaired vertical saccades"], "Parents": ["Neurodegenerative disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Nelson syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Bilateral adrenalectomy"], "Effects": ["Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Increased ACTH"]}
,{"Name": "Aorto-caval fistula", "Causes": ["Abdominal aortic aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Renal fibrosis", "Causes": ["Transforming growth factor-beta"], "Parents": ["Fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "JAK2 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Myelofibrosis"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 9p24\""]}
,{"Name": "Streptobacillus", "Synonyms": ["Streptobacillus moniliformis"], "Effects": ["Culture-negative endocarditis", "Rat-bite fever", "Septic arthritis"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus"], "Treatments": ["Penicillin"]}
,{"Name": "Japanese", "Effects": ["Gastric adenocarcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Lentigo maligna melanoma", "Synonyms": ["Hutchinsons freckle"], "Parents": ["Malignant melanoma"], "Description": ["\"The transition to malignant melanoma from Lentigo melanoma\""]}
,{"Name": "CLCN5 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Dent syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xp11.23-p11.22\""]}
,{"Name": "Tic-borne encephalitis", "Effects": ["Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Flavivirus"]}
,{"Name": "Orofacial dyskinesia", "Synonyms": ["Oromandibular dystonia"], "Causes": ["Tarditive dyskinesia", "Torsion dystonia", "Meige syndrome", "McLeod syndrome"], "Effects": ["Bruxism"], "Parents": ["Chorea", "Mouth sign"], "Children": ["Oculomasticatory myoarrhythmia"], "Treatments": ["Tetrabenazine", "Botulinum toxin"]}
,{"Name": "Interstitial pneumonitis", "Synonyms": ["Pneumonitis", "Interstitial pnemonia", "Alveolitis"], "Causes": ["Atypical pneumonia", "Herpes simplex in immunocompromised", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Parenchymal lung disease"], "Children": ["Usual interstitial pneumonia", "Desquamative interstitial pneumonia", "Non-specific interstitial pneumonia", "Cryptogenic organising pneumonia", "Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Menorrhagia", "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism", "Intrauterine coil device", "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding", "Endometrial polyp", "Ectopic endometrium", "Fibroid", "Carcinoma of endometrium", "Pelvic infection", "Bleeding disorder", "Uterine fibroid"], "Effects": ["Chronic blood loss", "Benign intracranial hypertension"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom", "Gynaecological haemorrhage"], "Treatments": ["Tranexamic acid"], "Description": ["\">80ml per cycle\n\nRx\nAntifibrinolytics eg tranexamic acid\nAntiprostaglandin eg mefanemic acid (also for dysmenorrhoea)\nHormone eg. cyclical progestogen", "norethisterone\nor combined OCP\nIUCD\nHysterectomy\nEndometrial resection\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Utilisation behaviour", "Synonyms": ["Disinhibited movements"], "Causes": ["Frontal lobe lesion"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary erythrocytosis", "Causes": ["EPOR gene mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Nulliparity", "Effects": ["Carcinoma of endometrium", "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Uterine fibroid", "Carcinoma of breast"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Trachonychia", "Synonyms": ["Nail roughness", "Mechanic's hands"], "Causes": ["Alopecia areata", "Lichen planus", "Anti-Jo antibody"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Increased folate requirement", "Causes": ["Pregnancy", "Infancy", "Disseminated cancer", "Increased erythropoiesis"], "Effects": ["Folic acid deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Positive tuberculin test", "Causes": ["Tuberculosis"], "Parents": ["Immunological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Heavy chain disease", "Effects": ["Paraproteinaemia", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"], "Description": ["\"paraproteinemia with proliferation of cells producing immunoglobulin heavy chains\""]}
,{"Name": "Laxative", "Effects": ["Laxative abuse"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"], "Children": ["Lactulose", "Senna", "Codanthramer"]}
,{"Name": "Dysarthria", "Synonyms": ["Slurred speech", "Slurring of speech"], "Causes": ["Cerebrovascular accident", "Subdural haematoma", "Cerebral palsy", "Bulbar palsy", "Pseudobulbar palsy", "Facial nerve palsy", "Bradykinesia", "Lateral medullary syndrome", "Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome", "Progressive supranuclear palsy", "Meige syndrome"], "Parents": ["Speech sign"], "Children": ["Cerebellar dysarthria"], "Description": ["\"Caused by disturbance of muscular control.\nExcludes structural abnormalities", "such as cleft palate.\n\nSpeech = articulation and pronunciation i.e. physical ability to form words. \nInvolves bulbar muscles.Dysarthria is a disturbance in this muscle control.\nCranial nerves 5", "7", "9", "10", "11 control these muscles.\n\nLanguage is the process in which thoughts and ideas become spoken.\nDysphasia (aphasia) is an impairment of language.\nReceptive dysphasia is difficulty in comprehension.\nExpressive dysphasia is difficulty in putting words together to make meaning. \n\nDysphonia\nImpairment in the ability to produce voice sounds using the vocal organs. \nIt is distinct from dysarthria which signifies dysfunction in the muscles needed to produce speech. \n\nApraxia is inability to execute the learned purposeful movements involved in speech production.\nCaused by damage to specific areas of the cerebrum.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Decreased platelet survival", "Synonyms": ["Shortened platelet lifetime", "Increased platelet destruction"], "Causes": ["Antiplatelet antibody", "Alloimmune thrombocyte destruction", "Prosthetic cardiac valve", "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense", "Sitosterolaemia", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Plasmodium vivax"], "Effects": ["Thrombocytopenia", "Megathrombocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Causes": ["Prolonged immobilisation", "Malignancy", "Orthopaedic surgery", "Abdominal surgery", "Pregnancy", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Pre-eclampsia", "Polycythaemia", "Essential thrombocythaemia", "Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Nephrotic syndrome", "Hyperemesis gravidarum", "Central line", "Prosthesis", "High oestrogen", "Surgery", "Antithrombin III loss", "Homocysteinaemia", "Cigarette smoking", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Myocardial infarction", "L-asparaginase"], "Parents": ["Hypercoagulable state"]}
,{"Name": "Allergic contact dermatitis", "Causes": ["Nickel", "Cosmetics", "Hair dyes", "Latex", "Cobalt", "Methylisothiazolinone", "Poison ivy"], "Parents": ["Allergic disorder", "Contact dermatitis"], "Description": ["\"a delay of many hours to several days before symptoms develop \n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hippocampal damage", "Synonyms": ["Hippocampal lesion"], "Causes": ["Alzheimer disease", "Hypoxic brain injury", "Temporal lobe epilepsy", "Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody"], "Effects": ["Anterograde amnesia"]}
,{"Name": "Postcricoid carcinoma", "Causes": ["Plummer-Vinson syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Oesophagectomy", "Effects": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury"], "Parents": ["Bowel surgery"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma of oesophagus"]}
,{"Name": "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Synonyms": ["TCA"], "Effects": ["Antimuscarinic drug", "Neuromuscular blockade", "Prolonged QT interval", "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Cholestasis", "Restless legs syndrome", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia", "Weight gain"], "Parents": ["Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor", "Alpha adrenoceptor blocker", "Antihistamine", "Antimuscarinic drug"], "Children": ["Amitriptyline", "Imipramine", "Clomipramine", "Desipramine"], "Treats": ["Depression"], "Description": ["\"Overdose can cause VT: Rx bicarbonate and amiodarone.\nTricyclis are potent antihistaminics.\n\nThe severe morbidity and mortality associated with these drugs is well documenteddue to their cardiovascular and neurological toxicity\""]}
,{"Name": "Loin pain", "Synonyms": ["Renal colic", "Ureteric colic"], "Causes": ["Renal calculi", "Pyelonephritis", "Ureteric obstruction", "Pelviureteric junction obstruction", "Musculoskeletal pain", "IgA nephropathy"], "Parents": ["Abdominal pain"]}
,{"Name": "Globus hystericus", "Causes": ["Anxiety"], "Effects": ["Dysphagia"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Methylisothiazolinone", "Effects": ["Allergic contact dermatitis"], "Description": ["\"preservative in wash-off hair products and baby wipes\n\ncauses allergic dermatitis - itchy red face after shower.\""]}
,{"Name": "Propofol", "Effects": ["High liver dehydrogenase"], "Parents": ["General anaesthetic"], "Treats": ["Nausea and vomiting"]}
,{"Name": "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Synonyms": ["GORD", "Gastro-oesophageal reflux", "Acid reflux", "Heartburn", "Pyrosis", "Reflux oesophagitis"], "Causes": ["Cardiac sphincter laxity", "Hiatus hernia", "Delayed gastric emptying", "Obesity", "Pregnancy", "Cigarette smoking", "Caffeine", "Alcohol", "Tomato", "Chocolate", "Sandifer anomaly"], "Effects": ["Oesophagitis", "Barrett's oesophagus", "Aspiration of gastric contents", "Asthma", "Odynophagia", "Laryngitis", "Hoarse voice", "Burning chest pain"], "Parents": ["Barium sign", "Gastrointestinal disease"], "Treatments": ["Antacid", "Proton pump inhibitor", "Fundoplication"], "Description": ["\"MANAGEMENT\n1)Avoid\n    -alcohol \n    -chocolate \n    -citrus juice\n    -peppermint \n    -coffee  \n    -tomatoes\n2)Eat small", "frequent meals rather than large meals\n3)Wait 3 hours after a meal to lie down\n4)Refrain from ingesting food within 3 hours of bedtime\n5)Elevate  head of  bed 8 inches\n6)Avoid bending or stooping \n\nMedication:\n - H2 receptor antagonists (ranitidine", "cimetidine)\n - Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole", "lansoprazole)\n - Antacids (aluminum hydroxide", "magnesium hydroxide) \n\n\nSurgery:\nGastric Fundoplication\""]}
,{"Name": "Acidosis", "Synonyms": ["Increased H+ concentration", "Low blood pH"], "Effects": ["Asystole"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Metabolic acidosis", "Respiratory acidosis", "Lactate acidosis", "Diabetic ketoacidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Central retinal artery occlusion", "Causes": ["Temporal arteritis"], "Effects": ["Monocular blindness", "Eye pain", "Cherry-red spot"], "Treatments": ["Hyperbaric oxygen therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Keratoderma blenorrhagica", "Causes": ["Reiter's syndrome", "Chlamydia trachomatis infection"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"Thickened scaly rash of palms and soles\""]}
,{"Name": "Gordon reflex positive", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Applying pressure to calf muscle causes upgoing hallux\""]}
,{"Name": "Tenesmus", "Causes": ["Ulcerative colitis"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Lateral leg sensory loss", "Causes": ["Common peroneal nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Localised sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Myeloma renal disease", "Causes": ["Myeloma"], "Effects": ["Nephrocalcinosis", "Renal amyloidosis", "Lignt chain nephropathy", "Pyelonephritis", "High plasma urate"]}
,{"Name": "Lumbar spondylosis", "Parents": ["Spondylosis"]}
,{"Name": "Carbon monoxide", "Synonyms": ["CO"], "Effects": ["Carbon monoxide toxicity"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Cefotaxime", "Parents": ["Third generation cephalosporin"], "Treats": ["Haemophilus influenzae", "Gonorrhoea"]}
,{"Name": "Lysergic acid diethylamide", "Synonyms": ["Acid", "LSD"], "Effects": ["Psychosis"], "Parents": ["Abused drug", "5-HT2 antagonist", "Ergot alkaloid"]}
,{"Name": "Erythema multiforme", "Causes": ["Herpes simplex virus", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Penicillin", "Sulphonamide", "Sulphonylurea", "Barbiturate", "Secondary syphilis", "Salicylate poisoning", "Orf", "Phenytoin", "Antimalarial drug", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Dermatomyositis", "Disseminated cancer", "Myeloma", "Group A streptococcus", "Typhoid fever", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Inflammatory bowel disease"], "Effects": ["Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Oral ulcer", "Target lesion", "Aphthous ulcer", "Cutis laxa"], "Parents": ["Macular rash", "Erythema"], "Description": ["\"50% idiopathic\""]}
,{"Name": "Flight of ideas", "Causes": ["Mania"], "Parents": ["Altered stream of thought"]}
,{"Name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Synonyms": ["MTB infection"], "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Effects": ["Tuberculosis", "Acid-fast stain", "Ileal stricture"], "Parents": ["Mycobacterial infection"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Mitomicin", "Effects": ["Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug"], "Treats": ["Non invasive transitional cell carcinoma of bladder"]}
,{"Name": "Histology", "Synonyms": ["Histological finding", "Microscopic findings", "Histopathology", "Biopsy"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Kidney biopsy", "Inclusion body", "Lymphocytic infiltrate", "Aschoff nodule", "Charcot-Leyden crystal", "Mallory body", "Periodic acid schiff stain positive", "Subtotal villous atrophy", "Barr body", "Microabscess of Pautrier", "Pseudopolyposis coli", "Acid-fast stain", "Liver biopsy", "Skin biopsy", "Bone marrow sign", "Haemosiderosis", "Muscle biopsy", "Giemsa stain positive", "India ink stain positive", "Silver stain positive", "Invisibility on gram stain", "Signet ring cell", "Schiller-Duval body", "Reinke crystal", "Positive birefringence", "Starry sky", "Tauopathy", "Nurse cells", "Brain biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Raised leucocyte alkaline phosphatase", "Synonyms": ["High leucocyte alkaline phosphatase", "High leukocyte alk phos"], "Causes": ["Polycythaemia", "Myelofibrosis"], "Parents": ["High alkaline phosphatase"]}
,{"Name": "Gynaecological disease", "Parents": ["Gynaecology", "Disease"], "Children": ["Cervical cancer", "Uterine cancer", "Ovarian tumour", "Uterine fibroid", "Ectopic pregnancy", "Fetal death", "Gynaecological infection", "Genital prolapse", "Amenorrhoea", "Post menopause", "Endometriosis", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Ectopic endometrium", "Bicornuate uterus"]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial Vaginosis", "Causes": ["Gardnerella", "Mycoplasma hominis", "Intrauterine coil device", "Bath liquids", "Promiscuity"], "Effects": ["Leuccorhoea", "Foul vaginal odour", "Clue cells", "Miscarriage"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological infection", "Chronic bacterial infection"], "Treatments": ["Metronidazole", "Clindamycin"], "Description": ["\"Vaginosis : imbalance of naturally occurring bacterial flora.\nShortage of lactobacilli", "which means vagina is not as acidic as it should be. \nThis allows other types of bacteria to grow.\n\nFoul discharge without redness or discomfort.\""]}
,{"Name": "Dysuria", "Synonyms": ["Pain on urination"], "Causes": ["Urinary tract infection", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Schistosomia haematobium", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Genital herpes"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom", "Lower urinary tract symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Total thyroidectomy", "Parents": ["Thyroidectomy"], "Treats": ["Papillary thyroid cancer", "Follicular thyroid cancer", "Medullary thyroid cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Shigellosis", "Causes": ["Faecal contamination of food"]}
,{"Name": "Extravasation of urine", "Causes": ["Bladder perforation", "Rupture bladder", "Ureteric perforation"], "Effects": ["Sterile inflammation", "Reabsorption of urine"]}
,{"Name": "Herald patch", "Causes": ["Pityriasis rosea"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"10-cm oval red patch appears", "classically on the abdomen.\""]}
,{"Name": "Subcortical lesion", "Parents": ["Cerebral lesion"], "Children": ["Subthalamic nucleus lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Cephalosporin", "Synonyms": ["Cefalosporin"], "Effects": ["Drug rash", "Neutropenia", "Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Impaired bacterial cell wall synthesis", "Antibiotic altering bowel flora", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic", "Drugs that increase effect of warfarin"], "Children": ["Cefadroxil", "Cefalexin", "Cefradine", "Cefuroxime", "Third generation cephalosporin"], "Treats": ["Ecthyma gangrenosum", "Staphylococcus aureus"]}
,{"Name": "Intravesical Mitomycin", "Parents": ["Urological procedure"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma in situ of bladder"]}
,{"Name": "ATP7A gene mutation", "Effects": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX", "Menke syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq21.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Periosteal reaction", "Causes": ["Acute Osteomyelitis"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Low hairline", "Causes": ["Klippel-Feil syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Gastric bypass surgery", "Effects": ["Blind loop syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Serology", "Parents": ["Blood investigation"], "Children": ["Positive VDRL"]}
,{"Name": "Sweating", "Synonyms": ["Perspiration", "Hyperhidrosis", "Diaphoresis"], "Causes": ["Warm weather", "Exercise", "Fever", "Anxiety", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Pregnancy", "Post menopause", "Increased sympathetic tone", "Vasovagal reflex", "Hypoglycaemia", "Acromegaly", "Rigor", "Morvan syndrome", "Autonomic dysreflexia", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Panic attack"], "Effects": ["Dehydration", "Sweaty palm", "Hyponatraemia"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation", "Cutaneous symptom"], "Treatments": ["Botulinum toxin"]}
,{"Name": "Crepitations", "Synonyms": ["crackles", "rales"], "Causes": ["Lobar pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"], "Children": ["Fine inspiratory crepitations", "Coarse crepitations throughout", "Early Inspiratory crepitation", "Late inspiratory crepitation"], "Description": ["\"Rhonchi\" and \"rales\" are obsolete terminology whose use in the literature has been variable. \nThe terms wheeze and crepitation have replaced them.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cartilage tear", "Effects": ["Arthralgia", "Joint effusion"]}
,{"Name": "Borrelia vincenti", "Effects": ["Vincent angina"], "Parents": ["Borrelia infection"]}
,{"Name": "Bisoprolol", "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker"], "Treats": ["Heart failure"]}
,{"Name": "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome", "Synonyms": ["EvC syndrome"], "Causes": ["EVC gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Dwarfism", "Polydactyly", "Cleft palate", "Short ribs", "Horseshoe kidney", "Atrial septal defect", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"1:60", "000\""]}
,{"Name": "Upper motor neurone lesion", "Synonyms": ["UMN lesion"], "Causes": ["Cerebral lesion", "Corticospinal tract lesion", "Corticobasal degeneration"], "Effects": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology", "Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Angioedema", "Causes": ["Hereditary angioedema", "Urticaria"], "Effects": ["Chemosis"], "Treatments": ["Antihistamine"]}
,{"Name": "Rat-bite fever", "Synonyms": ["Sodoku", "Haverhill fever"], "Causes": ["Spirillum minus", "Streptobacillus"], "Effects": ["Slow healing ulcer", "Fever", "Arthralgia", "Infectious encephalitis", "Bacterial endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["Penicillin"], "Description": ["\"Caught from rodents\nTransmitted by two bacteriae:\n1) gram-negative coiled rod Spirillum minus.\n    Found in Japan- Soduko fever\n\n2)Streptobacillus \n    More severe and can be fatal from endocarditis  and encephalitis - Haverhill fever.    \n    \""]}
,{"Name": "Low renin", "Synonyms": ["Low plasma renin activity"], "Causes": ["Conn syndrome", "Liquorice", "Liddle syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "PRKAG2 gene  mutation", "Effects": ["Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 7q36.1\""]}
,{"Name": "SCNN1B gene mutation", "Effects": ["Liddle syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 16p12.2-p12.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Synechia", "Synonyms": ["Iris adhesion"], "Causes": ["Anterior uveitis", "Ocular trauma", "Head injury"], "Effects": ["Irregular pupil", "Glaucoma"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Treatments": ["Atropine", "Iridectomy", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Iris adheres to either the cornea (anterior synechia) or lens ( posterior synechia). \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Kasabach-Merritt syndrome", "Causes": ["Aortic aneurysm", "Giant haemangioma"], "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation"]}
,{"Name": "Myeloid leukaemia", "Parents": ["Leukaemia"], "Children": ["Acute myeloid leukaemia", "Chronic myeloid leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Synonyms": ["High hCG", "High beta-HCG levels", "Raised HCG", "Elevated HCG", "Raised bHCG", "Raised b-HCG"], "Causes": ["Hormonal change in pregnancy", "Gestational trophoblastic disease", "Teratoma", "Large cell tumour", "Testicular tumour", "Hepatoblastoma", "Ectopic pregnancy", "Dysgerminoma", "Choriocarcinoma"], "Effects": ["Positive pregnancy test", "Hyperemesis gravidarum", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Gynaecomastia", "Precocious puberty", "Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome"], "Parents": ["Sex hormone imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator", "Synonyms": ["rTPA"], "Parents": ["Thrombolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Drug rash", "Synonyms": ["Drug eruption", "Fixed drug eruption"], "Causes": ["Cephalosporin", "Penicillamine", "Captopril", "Nevirapine", "Sulphasalazine"], "Parents": ["Rash"]}
,{"Name": "Empyema", "Parents": ["Pleural pathology", "Chronic suppurative lung disease"], "Description": ["\"Pus in the pleural cavity\n\""]}
,{"Name": "X-linked dominant disorder", "Synonyms": ["Lyonisation"], "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Children": ["Vitamin D resistant rickets", "Rett syndrome", "Alport syndrome", "Aicardi syndrome", "Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency", "Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I", "Incontinentia pigmenti syndrome"], "Description": ["\"X-linked dominant diseases are very uncommon\""]}
,{"Name": "Skew deviation", "Causes": ["Trochlear nerve palsy", "Pontine lesion"], "Parents": ["Dysconjugate gaze paresis"]}
,{"Name": "Posterior vitreous detachment", "Synonyms": ["PVD", "Vitreous detachment"], "Causes": ["Myopia", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Proliferative retinopathy", "Aphakia", "Pseudophakia"], "Effects": ["Vitreous haemorrhage", "Detachment light phenomenon", "Monocular blindness", "Optical floater", "Absent red reflex", "Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment", "Visual distortion"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Autoimmune disease", "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Autoimmune bowel disease", "Autoimmune liver disease", "Endocrine autoimmune disease", "Haematological autoimmune disease", "Autoimmune skin disease", "Autoimmune neurological disease", "Autoimmune orthopaedic disease", "Connective tissue disease", "Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "Anaphylaxis", "Myasthenia gravis", "Goodpasture syndrome", "Behcet disease", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Cogan syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Meconium ileus equivalent", "Synonyms": ["MIE"], "Causes": ["Thick mucus"], "Effects": ["Ileus"]}
,{"Name": "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Synonyms": ["Pigmentary retinopathy", "Retinitis pigmentation", "Pigment retinopathy"], "Causes": ["Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome", "Alport syndrome", "Refsum disease", "Usher disease", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Nephronophthisis", "Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome", "Friedrich ataxia", "Olivopontocerebellar degeneration", "Ocular granuloma", "Alport's triad"], "Effects": ["Blindness", "Tunnel vision", "Coats disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Multiple genes involved\""]}
,{"Name": "Thrombotic microangiopathy", "Effects": ["Intravascular thrombus formation", "Neutrophilic leukocytosis"], "Parents": ["Vascular pathology"], "Children": ["Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "HAV antibodies", "Causes": ["Hepatitis A"]}
,{"Name": "Abused drug", "Synonyms": ["Drug of abuse", "Recreational drug", "Illegal substance"], "Effects": ["Drug abuse"], "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Amphetamine", "Amyl nitrate", "Barbiturate", "Cocaine", "Ecstasy", "Diamorphine", "Lysergic acid diethylamide", "Marijuana", "Methadone", "Methanol", "Desmethylprodine"]}
,{"Name": "Pneumoconiosis", "Effects": ["Apical lung fibrosis", "Caplan syndrome"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"], "Children": ["Anthracosis", "Silicosis", "Asbestosis", "Berylliosis"]}
,{"Name": "Huntington disease", "Synonyms": ["Huntingdon chorea", "Huntington's chorea"], "Causes": ["HTT gene mutation", "Chromosome 4 mutation"], "Effects": ["Chorea", "Psychosis", "Affective disorder", "Bruxism", "Impaired vertical saccades", "Early onset dementia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Triplet repeat disease", "Neurodegenerative disorder", "Dementia"], "Treatments": ["Tetrabenazine", "Neuroleptic drug"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 4", "HTT gene\n\nCommences  mid-adult life\n6%  before age of 21 years. \n\nWestern European descent \n\nDiagnosis:\n-99%  based on  symptoms and  family history. \n-Genetic testing  if there is no family history.\n-Genetic testing detects carriers of the gene. \n-95%  at risk  do not want testing", "because there is no treatment.\n-Chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis\n\nTreatment for:\n-Tetrabenzene", "neuroleptics and benzodiazepines.\n-Psychiatric symptoms.\n- Eating difficulties - dysphagia  \n-Heart disease - causes 25% of  fatalities. \n-Suicide - third greatest cause of fatalities. \n\nPrognosis:\nLife expectancy = 20 years \n life-threatening complications from muscle incoordination.\""]}
,{"Name": "Ipecachuana", "Parents": ["Emetic"]}
,{"Name": "Thrombasthaenia", "Synonyms": ["Thrombasthenia"], "Effects": ["Congenital platelet dysfunction"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebrovascular accident", "Synonyms": ["CVA", "Stroke"], "Effects": ["Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Oligoclonal bands in CSF", "Neurogenic bladder", "Internuclear ophthalmoplegia", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Pontine lesion", "Dysarthria", "Hypoxic respiratory failure"], "Parents": ["Cerebral pathology"], "Children": ["Cerebral infarction", "Vertebrobasilar infarct", "Intracerebral haemorrhage"], "Treatments": ["Physiotherapy"]}
,{"Name": "Pitting ankle oedema", "Causes": ["Systemic venous congestion", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Inguinal lymph node", "Varicose veins of leg", "Peripheral oedema", "Pre-eclampsia"], "Parents": ["Swelling of ankles"]}
,{"Name": "Neural tube defect", "Causes": ["Obesity", "Gestational diabetes", "Folic acid deficiency", "Cytomegalovirus", "Maternal hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Congenital malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Pilocarpine", "Parents": ["Muscarinic agonist"], "Treats": ["Glaucoma", "Acute glaucoma"]}
,{"Name": "Homocystinuria", "Synonyms": ["Cystethionine synthetase deficiency", "Beta cystathione synthetase deficiency"], "Causes": ["Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation", "Marfan syndrome", "Downward dislocation of lens", "Arterial thrombosis", "Coarse hair", "Fair skin", "Osteoporosis", "Livedo reticularis"], "Parents": ["Aminoacidopathies"], "Treatments": ["Pyridoxine"], "Description": ["\"Cystethionine synthetase deficiency. \nDoes not give aortic dilatation. \nRx pyridoxine\n50% have mental retardation\""]}
,{"Name": "Blood-borne disease", "Causes": ["Blood transfusion", "Needlestick injury"], "Parents": ["Infectious disease"], "Children": ["Hepatitis B", "Hepatitis C", "Human immunodeficiency virus"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Extramedullary haematopoiesis", "Causes": ["Increased erythropoiesis"]}
,{"Name": "Amyloid precursor protein", "Synonyms": ["APP", "Prealbumin"], "Effects": ["Alzheimer disease"], "Parents": ["Systemic amyloidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Ileal stricture", "Causes": ["Crohn's disease", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Small bowel obstruction"], "Parents": ["Bowel stricture", "Barium sign", "Lower gastrointestinal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Proliferative glomerulonephritis", "Synonyms": ["Proliferative GN"], "Causes": ["Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "IgA nephropathy", "Lupus nephropathy"], "Effects": ["Mesangial hypercellularity", "Acquired complement deficiency", "Primary nephrotic glomerular disease"], "Parents": ["Glomerulonephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Gynaecological cancer", "Effects": ["Dermatomyositis"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological pathology", "Malignancy"], "Children": ["Uterine cancer", "Cervical cancer", "Ovarian tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Clitoral enlargement", "Causes": ["Virilisation"], "Parents": ["Genital examination sign"]}
,{"Name": "Philadelphia chromosome", "Synonyms": ["t(9`22)", "Translocation 9`22"], "Effects": ["Chronic myeloid leukaemia", "Pre-T cell acute lymphoid leukaemia", "Acute myeloid leukaemia", "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Karyotypic abnormality"], "Description": ["\"t(9", "22) (q34; q11.2)\nPoor prognosis in AML\nGood prognosis in CML\""]}
,{"Name": "Ballet sign", "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ophthalmoplegia"], "Description": ["\"Weakness of at least one of the extraocular muscles\""]}
,{"Name": "Acute pancreatitis", "Causes": ["Cholelithiasis", "Alcohol", "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography", "Mumps", "Hypercalcaemia", "Hypothermia", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Coxsackie virus", "Thiazide", "Corticosteroid", "Azathioprine", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Tetracycline", "Frusemide", "5-aminosalicylic acid", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Familial hypertriglyceridaemia", "Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor", "Azidothymidine", "Didanosine", "Alpers syndrome", "Reye syndrome"], "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain", "Nausea and vomiting", "Epigastric pain", "Guarding", "Grey Turner's sign", "Cullen's sign", "Peripheral vasodilatation", "Hypocalcaemia", "Acute kidney injury", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Pseudocyst", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Total parenteral nutrition", "Pancreatic insufficiency", "Splenic vein thrombosis"], "Parents": ["Pancreatitis", "Gastrointestinal disease"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Aspiration of gastric contents", "Total parenteral nutrition", "Ventilatory support"], "Description": ["\"Differential Diagnosis:\n1.Perforated peptic ulcer\n2. Acute Cholecystitis\n3.Aortic aneurysm\n4. Acute mesenteric ischemia\n5. High intestinal obstruction\n6. Myocardial infarction\n\nINVESTIGATIONS:\n1.  Serum Amylase- Normal= upto 200 SU\n                               Pancreatitis = 5 times normal\n                               Peak values - 5hr after onset\n                               Falls to normal after 48 hrs\n2. Hypocalcemia\n3. Glycosuria\n4. FBC & Clotting screen\n5. Renal Function\n6. Liver function\n7. Blood Gas\n8. ECG - to exclude MI\n\nTREATMENT:\n1. Pain Relief - avoid morphine\n2. Keep Stomach empty\n      a. Nil by mouth\n      b. NG Aspiration\n3. Correct  Hypovolemia\n4. Correct Electrolyte Imbalance\n5. ARDS(Ventilation)\n6. Renal Failure (Dialysis)\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyperdynamic circulation", "Causes": ["Aortic regurgitation", "High cardiac output state"], "Effects": ["Wide pulse pressure", "Bounding pulse", "Visible carotid pulsation", "De Musset sign", "Quincke sign", "Pistol shot femorals", "Duroziez sign", "Muller sign", "Beckers sign", "High-output cardiac failure"]}
,{"Name": "Trotter's triad", "Causes": ["Nasopharyngeal carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Conductive deafness", "Trigeminal neuralgia", "Soft palate immobility"]}
,{"Name": "Campylobacter jejuni", "Synonyms": ["Campylobacter infection"], "Causes": ["Common variable immunodeficiency", "Canine or feline", "Undercooked meat"], "Effects": ["Dysentery", "Peritonitis", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Large joint arthritis", "Travellers' diarrhoea", "Bacterial gastroenteritis"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus", "Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["Azithromycin"], "Description": ["\" microaerophilic Gram-negative bacteria.\nFound in raw meat\""]}
,{"Name": "Leucocoria", "Synonyms": ["Leukocoria", "White pupillary reflex", "Cat's eye reflex"], "Causes": ["Coats disease", "Retinoblastoma"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Breath smell", "Synonyms": ["Foetor", "Odor of breath"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Ketosis", "Foetor hepaticus", "Alcoholic foetor", "Halitosis", "Musty breath odour"]}
,{"Name": "Karyotypic abnormality", "Synonyms": ["Chromosomal abnormality", "Aneuploidy"], "Effects": ["Miscarriage"], "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Children": ["Trisomy", "Parental chromosome abnormality", "Turner syndrome", "Philadelphia chromosome"]}
,{"Name": "Cosmetic disfigurement", "Causes": ["Cavernous haemangioma", "Cleft palate", "Cleft lip", "Dysmorphic facies", "Rhinophyma", "Lupus pernio", "Facial surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Triamcinolone", "Parents": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Treats": ["Cutaneous sarcoidosis", "Discoid lupus erythematosus", "Lichen planus"]}
,{"Name": "Young syndrome", "Effects": ["Ciliary dysmotility", "Azoospermia", "Sinusitis", "Nasal polyp"]}
,{"Name": "lack of exposure to sunlight", "Effects": ["Vitamin D deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Subepithelial humps", "Causes": ["Crescentic nephritis"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma of breast", "Synonyms": ["Breast cancer", "Ca breast"], "Causes": ["Nulliparity", "Early menarche", "Late menopause", "Polygenic inheritance", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Hormone replacement therapy", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Obesity", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "BRCA2 gene mutation", "Li-Fraumeni syndrome", "Cowden disease"], "Effects": ["Breast lump", "Peau d'orange", "Nipple discharge", "Paget disease of nipple", "Lung metastasis", "Liver metastasis", "Bone metastasis", "Weight loss", "Hypercalcaemia", "Ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion", "Secondary ovarian tumour", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Dermatomyositis", "Homocysteinaemia", "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Krukenberg tumour", "Cancers due to gene mutation"], "Parents": ["Breast disease", "Carcinoma"], "Treatments": ["Mastectomy", "Lumpectomy", "Irradiation", "Brachytherapy", "Tamoxifen", "Chemotheraputic drug", "Radiotherapy", "Trastuzumab", "Aminoglutethimide", "Ifosfamide", "Weight loss"], "Description": ["\"SPREAD:\n1. Local - skin", "chest wall\n2. Lymphatics - axillary nodes\n                         internal mammarynodes\n                         supraclavicular\n3. Blood - Liver\n                Lung\n                Bone\n4. Transcoelomic - peritoneal deposits\n\n\n5YR SURVIVAL:\nDuctal carcinoma in situ = 98%\nLymph node mets= 84%.\nDistant mets =27%.\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Pyrrolidine", "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug"], "Children": ["Levetiracetam"]}
,{"Name": "Starry sky", "Causes": ["Burkitt lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Entity6147", "Treatments": ["Optical Urethrotomy"]}
,{"Name": "Pale conjunctivae", "Causes": ["Anaemia"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cystic medial necrosis", "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome"], "Effects": ["Aortic aneurysm"], "Parents": ["Necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Inhaled irritant", "Synonyms": ["Toxic gas inhalation"], "Causes": ["Oxygen", "Sulphur dioxide", "Cyanate", "Smoke"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary microvascular injury"]}
,{"Name": "Tuberculoma", "Causes": ["Post-primary tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Round lung shadow"]}
,{"Name": "Double-stranded DNA virus", "Synonyms": ["dsDNA virus"], "Parents": ["Viral infection"], "Children": ["Adenovirus", "Herpes virus", "Pox virus", "Human papilloma virus", "Hepadnavirus"]}
,{"Name": "Metaraminol", "Parents": ["Alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist"], "Treats": ["Shock"]}
,{"Name": "Isospora belli infection", "Synonyms": ["Isosporiasis"], "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Parents": ["Protozoan infection", "Opportunistic gut infection", "Opportunistic infection"]}
,{"Name": "Polymorphism", "Synonyms": ["Polygenic trait"], "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Children": ["HLA antigen", "Apolipoprotein allele"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-desmoglein", "Synonyms": ["Antidesmoglein", "Antibody to desmoglein"], "Effects": ["Pemphigus vulgaris"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Mycoplasmal infection", "Synonyms": ["Mycoplasma"], "Effects": ["Culture-negative endocarditis", "Invisibility on gram stain"], "Parents": ["Obligate intracellular prokaryote", "Mycoplasmataceae infection"], "Children": ["Mycoplasma hominis", "Mycoplasma genitalium", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoglycaemia", "Synonyms": ["Low blood glucose"], "Causes": ["Hyperinsulinaemia", "Alcohol", "Liver failure", "Low glucocorticoid", "Low growth hormone", "Hypothyroidism", "Raised insulin-like growth factor II", "Chronic renal failure", "Insulin autoantibodies", "Pentamidine", "Addisonian crisis", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Quinine", "Salicylate poisoning", "Galactosaemia", "Von Gierke disease", "Premature birth"], "Effects": ["Physiological tremor", "Hunger", "Syncope", "Sweating", "Lightheadedness", "Seizure", "Delirium", "Drowsiness", "Coma", "Cerebral infarction", "Increased growth hormone secretion", "Asystole", "Dizziness", "Stupor", "Night sweats"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Description": ["\"Defined as fasting blood glucose < 2.5 mmol/L\""]}
,{"Name": "Aneurysmal rupture", "Causes": ["Aneurysm"], "Parents": ["Vascular pathology"], "Children": ["Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Ruptured coronary artery aneurysm", "Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm", "Ruptured ventricular aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Fingernail clubbing", "Synonyms": ["Clubbing"], "Causes": ["Bronchial carcinoma", "Chronic suppurative lung disease", "Pulmonary fibrosis", "Cyanotic congenital heart disease", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Mesothelioma", "Chronic liver disease", "Infective endocarditis", "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation", "Atrial myxoma", "Gastrointestinal lymphoma", "Whipple's disease", "Pachydermoperiostosis"], "Effects": ["Shamroth sign"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"], "Description": ["\"Loss of the normal <165\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd angle (Lovibond angle) between the nailbed and the fold.\""]}
,{"Name": "Peripheral oedema", "Causes": ["Fluid overload", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Increased systemic vascular permeability"], "Effects": ["Pitting ankle oedema", "Sacral oedema"], "Parents": ["Oedema"]}
,{"Name": "5-HT4 agonist", "Synonyms": ["Serotonin receptor 4 agonist"], "Effects": ["Increased gut motility"], "Parents": ["Antiemetic"], "Children": ["Metoclopramide"]}
,{"Name": "Amphetamine", "Synonyms": ["Speed", "Whiz"], "Effects": ["Psychosis", "Euphoria", "Hyperventilation", "Sinus tachycardia", "Hyponatraemia", "Cerebral infarction", "Dilated pupil", "Bruxism", "Paroxysmal Hypertension", "Anorexia", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Hyperthermia", "Drug fever", "Psychoactive substance use"], "Parents": ["Abused drug", "Sympathomimetic", "Drug secreted in breast milk"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoosmolar urine", "Synonyms": ["Low urine osmolality"], "Causes": ["Diabetes insipidus"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Colo-vaginal fistula", "Synonyms": ["Rectovaginal fistula"], "Causes": ["Diverticular disease", "Crohn's disease", "Pelvic irradiation", "Episiotomy", "Perineal tear", "Hysterectomy"], "Effects": ["Vaginal discharge"], "Parents": ["Abdominal fistula"], "Description": ["\"involve the distal sigmoid colon or rectum\""]}
,{"Name": "Hunger", "Causes": ["Hypoglycaemia"], "Effects": ["Migraine"]}
,{"Name": "Boot-shaped heart", "Causes": ["Tetralogy of Fallot"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Farmer's lung", "Causes": ["Farming", "Micropolyspora faeni", "Thermoactinomyces vulgaris"], "Parents": ["Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"]}
,{"Name": "Lipodermatosclerosis", "Synonyms": ["Dermatoliposclerosis"], "Causes": ["Varicose veins of leg"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Lumpectomy", "Parents": ["Breast surgery"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma of breast"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital heart malformation", "Synonyms": ["Congenital cardiac malformation", "Cardiac anomaly", "Congenital heart anomaly", "Congenital heart defect"], "Causes": ["Obesity", "Gestational diabetes", "Human immunodeficiency virus"], "Parents": ["Congenital heart disease", "Thoracic malformations"], "Children": ["Cyanotic congenital heart disease", "Acyanotic heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Tuberous xanthoma", "Synonyms": ["Tuboeruptive xanthoma"], "Causes": ["Dysbetalipopriteinaemia", "Familial hypercholesterolaemia"], "Parents": ["Xanthoma"]}
,{"Name": "Heat", "Effects": ["Non-immunological urticaria"]}
,{"Name": "Horner syndrome", "Causes": ["Lateral medullary syndrome", "Syringomyelia", "Sympathectomy", "Pancoast syndrome", "Carotid aneursm", "Carotid artery dissection", "Cavernous sinus lesion", "Central line", "Hypothalamic syndrome", "Villaret syndrome", "Ophthalmic autonomic dysregulation", "Bronchial carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Ptosis", "Constricted pupil", "Anhidrosis", "Enophthalmos"]}
,{"Name": "Courvoisier sign", "Causes": ["Carcinoma Head of Pancreas"], "Effects": ["Palpable gall bladder"], "Description": ["\"Painless jaundice and a palpable gallbladder is carcinoma of head of pancreas.\""]}
,{"Name": "Pseudobulbar palsy", "Causes": ["Cerebral lesion", "Rabies", "Multiple sclerosis", "Vascular dementia"], "Effects": ["Dysphagia", "Drooling", "Dysarthria", "Donald duck speech", "Spastic tongue", "Aspiration pneumonia", "Emotional lability", "Brisk jaw jerk", "Hot potato speech"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Osteoporosis circumscripta", "Causes": ["Paget disease"], "Parents": ["Skull radiographical sign"]}
,{"Name": "Holmes-Adie pupil", "Synonyms": ["Adie's tonic pupil", "Holmes Adie pupil", "Myotonic pupil"], "Causes": ["Holmes-Adie syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dilated pupil", "Sluggish pupillary reflex", "Delayed accommodation", "Delayed near reflex", "Irregular pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"], "Description": ["\"Slow but exaggerated response to light\nAssociated with segmental palsy of iris - may be oval or irregular\nDegeneration of nerve to ciliary ganglilon\nHyperconstriction to dilute weak pilocarpine (denervation hypersensitivity)\""]}
,{"Name": "Korsakoff dementia", "Synonyms": ["Korsakoff psychosis"], "Causes": ["Wernicke encephalopathy", "Thiamine deficiency"], "Parents": ["Dementia"]}
,{"Name": "Babesiosis", "Synonyms": ["Babesia infection"], "Causes": ["Tic bite"], "Effects": ["Hepatomegaly", "Infective conjunctivitis", "Parasitic meningitis", "Splenic response to infection", "Intravascular haemolysis"], "Parents": ["Tic-borne protozoal disease"], "Description": ["\"Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with Babesia", "a genus of protozoal piroplasms\""]}
,{"Name": "Cannibalism", "Effects": ["Kuru"], "Parents": ["Diet"]}
,{"Name": "Variegate porphyria", "Effects": ["Seizure"], "Parents": ["Porphyria"], "Description": ["\"South Africans of Dutch ancestry.\""]}
,{"Name": "Aminolaevulanic acid", "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Actinic Keratoses"]}
,{"Name": "Smoke", "Effects": ["Inhaled irritant", "Childhood asthma"]}
,{"Name": "Calyceal clubbing", "Synonyms": ["Clubbing of calyx"], "Causes": ["Pyelonephritis", "Congenital renal malformation"], "Parents": ["Intravenous urogram sign"]}
,{"Name": "Haloperidol", "Synonyms": ["Serenace"], "Effects": ["Prolonged QT interval", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis"], "Parents": ["Butyrophenone", "Dopamine receptor antagonist", "Neuroleptic drug"], "Treats": ["Dystonia"]}
,{"Name": "Lactulose", "Parents": ["Laxative"]}
,{"Name": "Cranial nerve palsy", "Causes": ["Vertebrobasilar infarct", "Neurosyphilis", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Mononeuropathy"], "Children": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Abducent nerve palsy", "Trigeminal neuropathy", "Facial nerve palsy", "Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy", "Glossopharyngeal nerve palsy", "Vagus palsy", "Cranial accessory nerve palsy", "Hypoglossal nerve palsy", "Bulbar palsy", "Trochlear nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Dexamethasone suppression fails", "Causes": ["Adrenal cortical hyperfunction", "Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Carcinoid tumour"], "Parents": ["Dexamethasone suppression test"]}
,{"Name": "Diagnostic laparotomy", "Synonyms": ["Exploratory laparotomy"], "Parents": ["Laparotomy"]}
,{"Name": "Sarcoptes scabiei", "Effects": ["Scabies"], "Description": ["\"parasitic arthropod of skin\""]}
,{"Name": "Venereal disease", "Synonyms": ["Sexually transmitted disease", "STD"], "Causes": ["Promiscuity", "Unprotected sex"], "Effects": ["Mid-cycle bleeding"], "Parents": ["Local infection", "Infectious disease", "Contagious disease"], "Children": ["Human papilloma virus", "Gonorrhoea", "Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Granuloma inguinale", "Hepatitis B", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Chlamydial veneral infection", "Trichomoniasis", "Condyloma lata", "Pubic lice", "Giardiasis", "Herpes simplex type II"], "Treatments": ["Azithromycin", "Doxycycline", "Erythromycin", "Acyclovir"], "Description": ["\"\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Pustular psoriasis", "Causes": ["Palmoplantar psoriasis", "Cigarette smoking"], "Parents": ["Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Sign", "Parents": ["Clinical Examination"], "Children": ["Observation sign", "Examination sign", "Faeces sign"]}
,{"Name": "Deep vein thrombosis", "Synonyms": ["DVT"], "Causes": ["Varicose veins of leg", "Obesity", "Heart failure", "Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma", "Intravenous drug abuse", "Groin swelling", "Paget-Schroetter syndrome"], "Effects": ["Calf pain", "Homan sign", "Paradoxical embolus", "Pitting ankle oedema", "Thrombotic pulmonary embolus", "Fever", "Maternal Risk"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy", "Venous thrombosis"], "Treatments": ["Fractionated heparin"]}
,{"Name": "Symbiotic psychosis", "Parents": ["Psychosis"], "Description": ["\"Child 2-4yo. Failure to distinguish self from mother.\""]}
,{"Name": "Catheter infection", "Causes": ["Central line"]}
,{"Name": "Asymptomatic", "Causes": ["Abdominal aortic aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Brachycephaly", "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Angelman syndrome", "Craniosynostosis"], "Parents": ["Congenital head malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Acute myeloblastic leukaemia", "Causes": ["Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Chronic myeloid leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Acute myeloid leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Type I hypersensitivity reaction", "Causes": ["Insect bite", "Food allergy", "Drug", "Katayama fever"], "Parents": ["Hypersensitivity reaction"], "Children": ["Urticaria", "Asthma", "Anaphylaxis"]}
,{"Name": "Mid-diastolic murmur", "Synonyms": ["MDM"], "Causes": ["Mitral stenosis", "Tricuspid stenosis", "Austin Flint murmur", "Carey-Coombs murmur"], "Parents": ["Diastolic murmur"], "Description": ["\"<html>\n  <head>\n    \n  </head>\n  <body>\n    Apex<br>Rumbling\n  </body>\n</html>\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Class I antiarrhythmic drug", "Synonyms": ["Voltage-gated sodium channel blocker"], "Parents": ["Antiarrhythmic drug"], "Children": ["Class IA antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IB antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IC antiarrhythmic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Hypothalamic syndrome", "Causes": ["Langerhans cell histiocytosis", "Whipple's disease", "Pituitary surgery"], "Effects": ["Insomnia", "Hyperphagia", "Polydipsia", "Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome", "Horner syndrome", "Gelastic epilepsy"], "Children": ["Tuber cinereum lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Hunter-Russell syndrome", "Causes": ["Mercury"]}
,{"Name": "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Type 3 polyglandular syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hashimoto thyroiditis", "Type I diabetes mellitus", "Pernicious anaemia", "Vitiligo", "Alopecia areata", "Coeliac disease", "Hypogonadism", "Myasthenia gravis", "Sarcoidosis", "Rheumatoid disease", "Sjogren syndrome", "Carcinoid tumour", "Chronic pancreatitis"], "Parents": ["Endocrine autoimmune disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Temporal lobe epilepsy", "Causes": ["Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody"], "Effects": ["Organic hallucinosis", "Hippocampal damage", "Phantosmia"]}
,{"Name": "Furuncle of external ear", "Effects": ["Earache"], "Parents": ["Furuncle", "Folliculitis"]}
,{"Name": "Pencil cells", "Causes": ["Iron deficiency anaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Chediak-Higashi syndrome", "Effects": ["Defective lysosome formation", "Albinism", "Decreased platelet production"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Chlamydia pneumoniae", "Effects": ["Atypical pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Chlamydial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Ondansetron", "Parents": ["5-HT3 antagonist", "Anti-migraine drug"]}
,{"Name": "Depolarising blocker", "Effects": ["Fasciculation"], "Parents": ["Neuromuscular drug"], "Children": ["Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor", "Suxamethonium"]}
,{"Name": "Overdue pregnancy", "Synonyms": ["Post-term pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Fetal malnutrition", "Perinatal hypoxia", "Fetal stress", "Meconium aspiration", "Cerebral palsy", "Fetal macrosomia", "Cephalopelvic disproportion", "Dystocia", "Oligohydramnios", "Miscarriage", "Congenital malformation"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Description": ["\"Baby not yet born after 42 weeks of gestation.\n\nIncidence 10%\n\nMost frequent cause= inaccurate dating.\n\nRisks to fetus:\n1) Fetal malnutrition: After 42nd week", "placenta", "ages\n    and fails to provide nutrients.\n2) Meconium aspiration: If the fetus passes fecal matter", "which is not typical until after birth", "and the child breathes it in.\n\nManagement:\nLabor is  induced only if there is potential harm on the mother or child\""]}
,{"Name": "Nephrotic syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Nephrosis", "Glomerular protein leak", "Glomerular filtration leak"], "Effects": ["Proteinuria", "Fatty casts", "Periorbital oedema", "Hypoalbuminaemia", "Antithrombin III loss", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Chronic renal failure", "Hypercalciuria", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Renal pathology", "Renal disease"], "Children": ["Primary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease"], "Treatments": ["Fluid restriction", "Sodium restriction", "Diuretic", "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor", "Immunosuppressant drug", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdProteinuria greater than 3-3.5 g/24 hours .\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdSerum albumin <25 g/L.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdPeripheral oedema.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdSevere hyperlipidaemia (total cholesterol often >10 mmol/L)\n\n\nIncidence: 0.03%\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Staphylococcus", "Effects": ["Catalase positive"], "Parents": ["Gram positive coccus"], "Children": ["Staphylococcus epidermidis", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Staphylococcus albicans", "Staphylococcus saprophyticus"]}
,{"Name": "High urinary Potassium", "Causes": ["Hyperaldosteronism", "Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Anorexia nervosa", "Acute tubular necrosis", "Frusemide", "Hypomagnesaemia"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Shamroth sign", "Synonyms": ["Loss of obtuse angle at nail fold"], "Causes": ["Fingernail clubbing"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"], "Description": ["\"Individuals without clubbing display a diamond-shaped window at the base of the nail beds when\nthe dorsum of 2 fingers from the opposite hands are opposed.\n\n In individuals with digital clubbing", "the diamond window is obliterated.\""]}
,{"Name": "Pustular rash", "Causes": ["Gonorrhoea", "Impetigo"], "Parents": ["Rash"]}
,{"Name": "Ruby red plaques", "Causes": ["Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Loss of vision", "Causes": ["Posterior uveitis"]}
,{"Name": "Pituitary disease", "Effects": ["Low testosterone"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Children": ["Panhypopituitarism"]}
,{"Name": "Maceration", "Synonyms": ["Injury through wet compression"], "Effects": ["Soft tissue injury"]}
,{"Name": "Black liver", "Causes": ["Dubin-Johnson syndrome"], "Parents": ["Liver biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Diptheria", "Parents": ["Notifiable disease", "Contagious disease"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Fish tapeworm", "Parents": ["Gut parasite"]}
,{"Name": "Malignant hypertension", "Synonyms": ["Accelerated hypertension"], "Causes": ["Renal arteriosclerosis", "Autonomic dysreflexia", "Pre-eclampsia", "Acute kidney injury"], "Effects": ["Acute headache", "Hypertensive encephalopathy", "Retinal flame-shaped haemorrhage", "Cotton wool exudate", "Papilloedema", "Intracerebral haemorrhage", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Renal ischaemia", "Macular star", "Clouding of vision"], "Parents": ["Hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Sulphonamide", "Synonyms": ["Sulpha drug", "Sulfa drug", "Sulfonamide"], "Effects": ["Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Erythema nodosum", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Photosensitivity", "Erythema multiforme", "Bone marrow suppression", "Liver granuloma", "Eosinophilic pneumonia", "Cholestasis", "Oxidative haemolysis", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia", "Photosensitivity dermatitis", "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Nausea and vomiting"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic", "P450 enzyme inhibitor"], "Children": ["Sulphamethoxazole", "Trimethoprim", "Thiazide", "Sulphonylurea", "5-aminosalicylic acid", "Sulphapyridine", "Dapsone", "Acetazolamide", "Zonisamide", "Sulphasalazine"]}
,{"Name": "5-HT2 antagonist", "Parents": ["Serotonin antagonist"], "Children": ["Methysergide", "Lysergic acid diethylamide", "Ketanserin"]}
,{"Name": "No reticulocytes", "Causes": ["Aplastic crisis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Flecainide", "Effects": ["Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Class IC antiarrhythmic drug"], "Treats": ["Fetal tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Tetracycline", "Effects": ["Brown gums", "Acute pancreatitis", "Steatosis", "Staining of teeth", "Photosensitivity", "Onycholysis", "Nail pitting", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Photosensitivity dermatitis", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome", "Nausea and vomiting"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic", "Drug secreted in breast milk", "Antimalarial drug", "Teratogenic drug"], "Children": ["Doxycycline", "Minocycline", "Anthracycline", "Demeclocycline"], "Treats": ["Acne rosacea", "Acne vulgaris", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Granuloma inguinale", "Tropical sprue", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Psittacosis", "Malaria"]}
,{"Name": "Lutembacher syndrome", "Effects": ["Mitral stenosis", "Ostium secundum atrial septal defect"]}
,{"Name": "High IgM", "Causes": ["Primary biliary cirrhosis"], "Parents": ["Immunological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Oliguria", "Synonyms": ["Anuria"], "Causes": ["Acute nephritic syndrome", "End-stage renal failure", "Dehydration"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Gram positive coccus", "Effects": ["Gram positive sepsis"], "Parents": ["Bacterial infection"], "Children": ["Streptococcus", "Staphylococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Scleroderma renal crisis", "Synonyms": ["SRC"], "Causes": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Acute kidney injury", "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "High renin"], "Parents": ["Glomerulonephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Pemphigus vulgaris", "Synonyms": ["Pemphigus"], "Causes": ["Anti-desmoglein", "Ashkenazi Jew", "Indian origin", "Mediterranean origin", "Lymphoma"], "Effects": ["Bulla", "Oral ulcer", "Koebner phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune skin disease", "Ten serious rashes"], "Treatments": ["Immunosuppressant drug", "Mycophenolate mofetil", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"antibodies against desmogleins", "which disrupt  connections between epidermal squamous cells.\n\n50% have oral involvement\n\nSerious condition: Untreated 80% will die in a year.\n\nGreek 'pemphix' = blister\""]}
,{"Name": "Intertrigo", "Parents": ["Fungal infections of skin"], "Description": ["\"infetion of skin folds by Candida albicans\""]}
,{"Name": "Methaemoglobinaemia", "Synonyms": ["Increased methaemoglobin", "Oxidised haemoglobin"], "Effects": ["Hypoxaemia", "Mental retardation"], "Parents": ["Blood gas investigation"], "Children": ["Congenital methaemoglobinemia", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia"], "Treatments": ["Methylene blue"], "Description": ["\"Oxidation of ferrous to ferric haem\""]}
,{"Name": "Acute promyelocytic leukaemia", "Synonyms": ["Acute myeloid leukaemia M3", "AML-M3", "APL", "AML 3"], "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Bilobed mononucleocyte", "Promyelocyte"], "Parents": ["Acute myeloid leukaemia"], "Description": ["\"Accounts for 15% of AML\nCure rate 70% if remission is achieved\nAssociated with t(15:17)q", "causing retinoic acid receptor fusion gene\nRx All-trans retinoic acid\""]}
,{"Name": "High IgA", "Causes": ["Alcoholic liver disease", "IgA antibody"], "Parents": ["Immunological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Lyme disease", "Synonyms": ["Borellia burgdorferi", "Borrelia burgdorferi", "Borelliosis"], "Causes": ["Tic bite", "Borrelia infection"], "Effects": ["Erythema chronicum migrans", "Polyarthralgia", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Infective conjunctivitis", "Interstitial keratitis", "Uveitis", "Myocarditis", "Pharyngitis", "Orchitis", "Myositis", "Septic arthritis", "Tendonopathy", "Bannwarth syndrome", "Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans", "Bell palsy", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Giemsa stain positive", "Borrelia lymphocytoma"], "Parents": ["Borrelia infection", "Tic-borne bacterial disease"], "Treatments": ["Doxycycline", "Azithromycin"], "Description": ["\" Spirochetal bacteria from the genus Borrelia.\nClassified as a zoonosis", "as it is transmitted to humans from a natural reservoir among rodents by ticks that feed on both sets of hosts.\""]}
,{"Name": "Prominent forehead", "Causes": ["Achondroplasia"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudomembranous colitis", "Synonyms": ["PMC"], "Causes": ["Clostridium difficile", "Antibiotic", "Clindamycin"], "Effects": ["Watery diarrhoea", "Toxic megacolon", "Protein-losing enteropathy"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"], "Treatments": ["Metronidazole", "Vancomycin"], "Description": ["\"33% relapse after treatment\n\nTreatment:\n- metronidazole or oral vancomycin\n\nIf antibiotics fail - colectomy\""]}
,{"Name": "Meningeal candida", "Synonyms": ["Meningeal candidiasis", "Candidal meningitis"], "Effects": ["Fungal meningitis"], "Parents": ["Candida albicans"]}
,{"Name": "Palpable purpura", "Causes": ["Leucocytoclastic vasculitis"], "Parents": ["Purpura"]}
,{"Name": "Paraquat", "Synonyms": ["1`1-dimethyl-4`4-bipyridylium chloride"], "Effects": ["Drug toxic to lung", "Oral ulcer", "Prolonged QT interval", "Drug nephrotoxicity"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Facial nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["7th nerve palsy", "VII nerve palsy", "Seventh nerve palsy"], "Causes": ["Ramsay Hunt syndrome", "Bell palsy", "Acoustic neuroma", "Cerebral lesion", "Millard-Gubler syndrome", "Foville syndrome", "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid", "Mobius syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dysarthria", "Lagophthalmos", "Drooling", "Ectropion", "Altered sensation of taste"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy", "Lower motor neurone lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Diplopia", "Synonyms": ["Double vision"], "Causes": ["Strabismus", "Ophthalmoplegia", "Orbital blowout fracture"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom"], "Children": ["Restrictive diplopia"]}
,{"Name": "Left-right disorientation", "Causes": ["Gerstmann syndrome"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Eosinophilic gastroenteritis", "Effects": ["Malabsorption state"]}
,{"Name": "Pigmented ear", "Causes": ["Alkaptonuria"], "Parents": ["Face sign"], "Description": ["\"Pigmented ear cartilage\""]}
,{"Name": "Foot drop", "Synonyms": ["Footdrop"], "Causes": ["Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome", "L4 root lesion", "Sciatic nerve palsy", "Common peroneal nerve palsy", "L5 root lesion"], "Effects": ["Steppage gait"], "Parents": ["Foot sign", "Gait", "Lower motor neurone lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Organic mood affective disorder", "Children": ["Organic depressive disorder", "Organic manic disorder", "Organic bipolar disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Pilocytic astrocytoma", "Effects": ["Rosenthal fibres"], "Parents": ["Astrocytoma"]}
,{"Name": "Hypsarrhythmia", "Causes": ["Lennox-Gastaut syndrome", "West syndrome"], "Parents": ["EEG sign"]}
,{"Name": "Granulosa cell tumour", "Causes": ["Dyschondroplasia"], "Effects": ["Endometrial hyperplasia", "Carcinoma of endometrium"], "Parents": ["Sex cord tumour"], "Description": ["\"Malignant slow growing\nPost menopausal women\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Absent ankle jerk", "Causes": ["Lower motor neurone lesion", "Holmes-Adie syndrome", "S1 root lesion"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"]}
,{"Name": "Heparin", "Synonyms": ["Antithrombin III cofactor"], "Effects": ["Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Osteoporosis", "Osteomalacia"], "Parents": ["Anticoagulant drug", "Glycosaminoglycan"], "Children": ["Fractionated heparin"], "Description": ["\"Inhibits thrombin and factors Xa", "IXa", "XIa and XIIa\""]}
,{"Name": "Granulocytic bone marrow", "Causes": ["Chronic myeloid leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow sign"]}
,{"Name": "Lesch Nyhan syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Lesch-Nyhan syndrome", "Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency", "HPRT deficiency", "Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome", "Juvenile gout"], "Causes": ["Male gender", "HPRT1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["High plasma urate", "Hyperuricosuria", "Uric acid stone", "Chronic renal failure", "Psychosis", "Self-mutilation", "Global developmental delay", "Dark urine", "Fencing stance"], "Parents": ["X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Purines not salvaged", "degreaded  to urate.\nManifests at 3-12 months\n\ndeficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase\""]}
,{"Name": "Vertebral scalloping", "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"], "Children": ["Anterior scalloping", "Posterior scalloping"]}
,{"Name": "Urine sign", "Synonyms": ["Urinary sign"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"], "Children": ["Cloudy urine", "Dark urine", "Frothy urine"]}
,{"Name": "Benzhexol", "Parents": ["Antimuscarinic drug"], "Treats": ["Parkinsonism"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperthermia", "Synonyms": ["High body temperature", "High temperature", "Hyperpyrexia"], "Causes": ["Fever", "Heatstroke", "Malignant hyperpyrexia", "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Monoamine oxidase inhibitor", "Amphetamine", "Ecstasy", "Cocaine", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Thyroid Crisis", "Sauna", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Status epilepticus", "Intracerebral haemorrhage", "Septicaemia", "Viral haemorrhagic shock", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Lithium", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Maternal hyperthermia"]}
,{"Name": "McLeod syndrome", "Synonyms": ["neuroacanthocytosis syndrome"], "Causes": ["Male gender", "XK gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Acanthocytosis", "Absent Kell antigen", "Muscle weakness", "Muscle atrophy", "Chorea", "Orofacial dyskinesia", "Vocal tic", "Seizure", "Extravascular haemolysis", "Familial dilated cardiomyopathy", "Mental retardation"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy"], "Description": ["\"assoc with chronic granulomatous disease\n150 cases worldwide.\nMutations in the XK gene \nsymptoms start after age 50\""]}
,{"Name": "Crouzon syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Cranio-facial dysostosis"], "Causes": ["FGFR2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Craniosynostosis"], "Description": ["\"Craniosynostosis.\nNormal intellect.\""]}
,{"Name": "Vegetative function disturbance", "Parents": ["Constitutional symptom"], "Children": ["Appetite disturbance", "Sleep disorder", "Sexual dysfunction"]}
,{"Name": "Anterior spinal artery occlusion", "Synonyms": ["Anterior spinal artery syndrome"], "Effects": ["Spinothalamic tract lesion", "Corticospinal tract lesion", "Dissociated sensory loss"], "Parents": ["Arterial occlusion"]}
,{"Name": "Raised phytanic acid", "Causes": ["Refsum disease"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Synonyms": ["Pancreatic cancer", "Ca pancreas"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking", "Diabetes mellitus", "Obesity", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Polygenic inheritance", "BRCA2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Thrombophlebitis migrans", "Neoplastic coagulation factors", "Livedo reticularis", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Panniculitis", "Monospot test positive", "Homocysteinaemia", "Cancers with polygenic inheritance"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal pathology", "Intra-abdominal malignancy"], "Children": ["Carcinoma Head of Pancreas", "Carcinoma Body of Pancreas", "Carcinoma Tail of Pancreas"], "Treatments": ["Whipple's operation", "Gemcitabine", "5-fluorouracil", "Weight loss"], "Description": ["\"\nOperable in only 20%\n5yr survival after resection = 20%\""]}
,{"Name": "Superficial dyspareunia", "Causes": ["Vulval irritation", "Vaginitis", "Sjogren syndrome", "Peyronie's disease"], "Parents": ["Dyspareunia"]}
,{"Name": "Ovarian tumour", "Synonyms": ["Ovarian cancer", "Ovarian carcinoma", "Carcinoma of ovary"], "Causes": ["Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "BRCA2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea", "Pelvic mass", "High CA 125 tumour marker", "Liver metastasis", "Peritoneal metastasis", "Increased androgen secretion", "Hypercalcaemia", "Ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion", "Cancers due to gene mutation"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological pathology", "Gynaecological cancer", "Intra-abdominal malignancy", "Gynaecological disease"], "Children": ["Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Germ cell ovarian tumour", "Sex cord tumour", "Secondary ovarian tumour", "Leydig cell tumour"], "Description": ["\"inherited gene mutation \n\n50% serous cystadenocarcinoma\n20% endometrioid carcinoma\n\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Cutis laxa", "Synonyms": ["Chalazoderma", "Dermatochalasia", "Dermatomegaly", "Elastolysis"], "Causes": ["Gene ELN  ATP6  V0A2  ATP7A", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX", "Penicillamine", "Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy", "Wilson's disease", "Erythema multiforme", "Myeloma", "Sarcoidosis", "Systemic amyloidosis"], "Effects": ["Loose skin", "Blue sclera", "Aneurysm", "Inguinal hernia", "Umblical hernia", "Diverticular disease"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Skin signs on examination"], "Description": ["\"Prematurely aged appearance of face.\nAlso affects heart", "lung", "bowel.\""]}
,{"Name": "Relapsing polychondritis", "Effects": ["Saddle nose", "Aortic dissection", "Calcified Pinna"]}
,{"Name": "Zinc", "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Treats": ["Wilson's disease", "Zinc deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Anterior horn cell disease", "Synonyms": ["AHC disease"], "Parents": ["Neurodegenerative disorder"], "Children": ["Motor neurone disease", "Poliovirus", "Spinal muscular atrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Teratogen", "Effects": ["Congenital malformation"], "Parents": ["Substance"], "Children": ["Teratogenic drug", "Rubella"], "Description": ["\"Causes embryo malformation\""]}
,{"Name": "Phenylbutazone", "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Liver granuloma", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug"]}
,{"Name": "Barr body", "Synonyms": ["Lyonisation"], "Causes": ["Klinefelter syndrome"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Coronary artery disease", "Synonyms": ["CHD", "Stenosis of coronary artery", "Narrowing of coronary artery", "Ischaemic heart disease", "IHD", "Coronary heart disease"], "Causes": ["Atherosclerosis", "Familial hypercholesterolaemia", "High low-density lipoprotein", "Low high density lipoprotein", "Dysbetalipopriteinaemia", "Apolipoprotein A1", "Familial combined hyperlipidaemia", "Aortic dissection", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Fabry disease", "Pseudoxanthoma elasticum", "Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome"], "Effects": ["Myocardial ischaemia", "First degree atrioventricular block", "Aortic aneurysm"], "Parents": ["Heart disease"], "Children": ["Coronary artery aneurysm"], "Treatments": ["Weight loss"], "Description": ["\"Coronary HD\""]}
,{"Name": "Aortic stenosis", "Synonyms": ["AS", "Stenosis of aortic valve"], "Causes": ["Degenerative valve calcification", "Congenital aortic valve malformation", "Rheumatic fever", "Williams syndrome", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Rheumatoid disease", "Heyde syndrome"], "Effects": ["Anacrotic pulse", "Narrow pulse pressure", "Slow rising pulse", "Heaving apex", "Ejection systolic murmur", "Ejection click", "Soft second heart sound", "Paradoxical splitting of second heart sound", "Fourth heart sound", "Left ventricular outflow obstruction", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Left ventricular failure", "Left bundle branch block", "Cardiac arrhythmia", "Sudden fall in blood pressure", "Syncope", "Sudden death", "Post-stenotic widening of aorta", "Gallavardin phenomenon", "Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve"], "Parents": ["Valvular heart disease"], "Treats": ["Aortic valve replacement"], "Treatments": ["Aortic valve replacement"], "Description": ["\"Prevalence: 3% of persons age 75-86 have critical AS\nESM maximal in aortic area", "radiation to carotid & apex\n70% have angina\n25% have syncope\n10% sudden death. Risk is <1% per year.\n10% develop endocarditis\n\nAfter onset of angina", "mean survival 5 years.\nPresence of dyspnoea: mean survival 2 years.\nReplacement if symptomatic", "gradient > 50 mmHg", "valve area < 0.8 sq cm", "LVH > 15 mm\n\nMost often diagnosed when it is asymptomatic.\""]}
,{"Name": "Butterfly rash", "Causes": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Parents": ["Facial erythema"]}
,{"Name": "Uterine fibroid", "Synonyms": ["Uterine leiomyoma", "Fibroid of uterus"], "Causes": ["High oestrogen", "Nulliparity", "Hypertension", "Scandinavian descent", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Post-menopausal bleeding", "Menorrhagia", "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding", "Pelvic mass", "Back pain", "Urinary frequency", "Bladder outflow obstruction", "Dystocia"], "Parents": ["Leiomyoma", "Gynaecological disease"], "Treatments": ["Gonadotropin analogue", "Myomectomy", "Hysterectomy"], "Description": ["\"Age Incidence:\n20-30 years: 4% \n30-40 years:  18% \n40-60 years: 33% \n\nMost common solid pelvic tumor in women\n\nGnRH agonists (induce hypoestrogenism)& results in Amenorrhea and fibroid mass reduction.\nFibroids recur when medication stopped\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Asymmetrical neuropathy", "Causes": ["Mononeuritis multiplex", "Multifocal motor neuropathy", "Multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy", "Hereditory neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Single-stranded RNA virus", "Synonyms": ["ssRNA virus"], "Parents": ["Viral infection"], "Children": ["Picornavirus", "Togavirus", "Influenza virus", "Parainfluenza virus", "Measles", "Mumps", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Arenavirus", "Rabies", "Retrovirus", "Marburg virus"]}
,{"Name": "Minoxidil", "Effects": ["Hirsutism"], "Parents": ["Potassium channel opener"], "Treats": ["Alopecia areata"]}
,{"Name": "Comedone", "Synonyms": ["Blackhead"], "Causes": ["Acne vulgaris"], "Parents": ["Idiopathic skin disease"]}
,{"Name": "X-linked recessive disorder", "Synonyms": ["Sex linked recessive disease", "X linked recessive", "Sex-linked recessive", "XLR"], "Causes": ["BTK gene mutation"], "Effects": ["X-linked recessive icthyosis"], "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Children": ["Haemophilia A", "Haemophilia B", "Red-green colour blindness", "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria", "Becker muscular dystrophy", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX", "Bruton agammaglobulinaemia", "X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease", "Fragile X syndrome", "McLeod syndrome", "Kennedy disease", "Chronic granulomatous disease", "Testicular feminisation", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Emery-Dreyfuss muscular dystrophy", "X-linked tubular myopathy", "Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Renal Glycosuria", "Parents": ["Renal metabolic disorder", "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"SLC5A2", "coding the sodium glucose cotransporter 2.\nGlucose reabsorption defective in tubules.\""]}
,{"Name": "Absent femoral pulses", "Causes": ["Leriche syndrome"], "Parents": ["Pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "Dyscalculia", "Synonyms": ["Acalculia"], "Causes": ["Gerstmann syndrome"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"Inability to perform arithmetic\""]}
,{"Name": "Seasonal affective disorder", "Parents": ["Affective disorder"], "Description": ["\"uncommon in equatorial regions\""]}
,{"Name": "Defective LDL receptor", "Effects": ["Familial hypercholesterolaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Pitres sign", "Synonyms": ["Loss of testicular pain"], "Causes": ["Loss of deep pain sensation"], "Parents": ["Genital examination sign", "Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Photosensitivity dermatitis", "Synonyms": ["Photosensitive dermatitis"], "Causes": ["Tetracycline", "Quinolone", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Para-aminobenzoic acid", "Methoxsalen", "Coal tar", "Isotretinoin", "Psoralens", "Sulphonamide"], "Effects": ["Sezary cell", "Photosensitivity"], "Parents": ["Dermatological disease"]}
,{"Name": "Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum", "Causes": ["Fabry disease", "Schindler disease", "Fucosidosis"], "Effects": ["Telangiectasia", "Angiokeratoma"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"Affects genitalia buttocks", "thighs. 'bathing trunk distribution'\""]}
,{"Name": "Aortic saddle embolism", "Effects": ["Leriche syndrome"], "Parents": ["Arterial embolus"]}
,{"Name": "Lung abscess", "Synonyms": ["Pulmonary abscess"], "Causes": ["Right-sided bacterial endocarditis", "Intravenous drug abuse", "Lemierre syndrome", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Recurrent pyogenic infection"], "Effects": ["Round lung shadow", "Bronchial breathing", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Cavitating lung lesion", "Brain abscess"], "Parents": ["Chronic bacterial infection", "Chronic suppurative lung disease", "Pyogenic abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Gonda reflex", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Forcibly flexing small toes then suddenly releasing them causes upgoing hallux\""]}
,{"Name": "Organic hallucinosis", "Causes": ["Migraine", "Temporal lobe epilepsy"], "Description": ["\"disorder of persistent or recurrent hallucinations\""]}
,{"Name": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Synonyms": ["NSAID", "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Cyclooxygenase inhibitor", "Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor", "COX inhibitor"], "Effects": ["Platelet dysfunction", "Gastric acid hypersecretion", "Acute gastritis", "Analgesic nephropathy", "Renal ischaemia", "Renal papillary necrosis", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Bronchoconstriction", "Renal fluid retention", "Noninfective meningitis", "Psoriasis", "Crohn's disease", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Photosensitivity dermatitis", "Hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Analgesic drug", "Antipyretic drug", "Drugs that increase effect of warfarin", "Drug secreted in breast milk", "Anti-inflammatory drug"], "Children": ["Aspirin", "Ibuprofen", "Indomethacin", "Naproxen", "Mefenamic acid", "Piroxicam", "Phenylbutazone", "Diclofenac", "Celecoxib"], "Treats": ["Rheumatoid arthritis", "Osteoarthritis", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Intervertebral disc herniation", "Infectious mononucleosis"], "Description": ["\"cyclooxygenase inhibitor.\nsuppress prostaglandin synthesis.\n\nContraindications:\n-Hypersensitivity to aspirin. \n-Coagulation disorders.\n-Ischaemic heart disease.\n-Peripheral vascular disease.\n-Peptic ulcer\n-Renal impairment\n-Pregnancy\n-Breast feeding\n\nAll NSAID can beassociated with a small increased risk of thrombotic events. \""]}
,{"Name": "Quadriplegia", "Synonyms": ["Tetraplegia", "Quadruplegia", "Quadraplegia"], "Causes": ["Dislocation of odontoid peg", "Raymond-Cestan syndrome"], "Effects": ["Autonomic dysreflexia"], "Parents": ["Paresis"]}
,{"Name": "PNP gene mutation", "Effects": ["Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 14q13.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Vaccinia virus", "Synonyms": ["Cowpox"], "Parents": ["Pox virus"]}
,{"Name": "Tylosis", "Synonyms": ["Palmo-plantar keratoderma"], "Causes": ["RHBDF2 gene mutation", "Howel-Evans syndrome"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination", "Disorder of keratinsation", "Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Lathyrism", "Synonyms": ["Lathyrus toxicity"], "Causes": ["Lathyrus pea"], "Effects": ["Corticospinal tract lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Taxane", "Synonyms": ["Taxol"], "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug"], "Description": ["\"Yew tree extract\""]}
,{"Name": "Burkitt lymphoma", "Causes": ["Epstein Barr virus", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "African origin"], "Effects": ["Non-nodal lymphoid mass", "Starry sky"], "Parents": ["Non-hodgkin lymphoma"], "Description": ["\"Lymphoblastic lymphoma\nt(8;14) - 14q+/8q- translocation (myc)\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Retroperitoneal haematoma", "Causes": ["Angiographic procedure", "Acquired renal cystic disease"], "Parents": ["Haematoma"]}
,{"Name": "Prominent epicanthic folds", "Synonyms": ["Epicanthal folds"], "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Edward's syndrome", "Trisomy 22", "Cri-du-chat syndrome", "Williams syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Kartagener syndrome", "Effects": ["Chronic sinusitis", "Bronchiectasis", "Situs inversus", "Dextrocardia", "Hypoplastic frontal sinus", "Nasal polyp", "Primary ciliary dyskinesia"]}
,{"Name": "septic emboli", "Causes": ["Infective endocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Sellick manoeuvre", "Synonyms": ["Rapid sequence intubation", "RSI"], "Parents": ["Manoeuvre"], "Description": ["\"Cricoid pressure used to either prevent regurgitation", "or to assist with visualisation of the glottis by a practitioner attempting intubation\""]}
,{"Name": "Prostatic nodule", "Causes": ["Prostate cancer"], "Parents": ["Urological Sign"]}
,{"Name": "Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord", "Synonyms": ["SACD", "SACDC", "Putnam-Dana syndrome", "Lichtheim disease"], "Causes": ["Vitamin B12 deficiency"], "Effects": ["Dorsal column lesion", "Hyporeflexia", "Mixed motor weakness"]}
,{"Name": "Basilar impression", "Causes": ["Arnold-Chiari malformation"], "Parents": ["Skull radiographical sign"], "Description": ["\"Bony abnormalities of base of skull\""]}
,{"Name": "Lump", "Synonyms": ["Swelling", "Mass"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Face lump", "Neck lump", "Breast lump", "Hand nodule", "Groin swelling", "Scrotal swelling", "Testicular swelling", "Subcutaneous nodule"]}
,{"Name": "Lung trauma", "Causes": ["Thoracic trauma"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary microvascular injury"]}
,{"Name": "Desmethylprodine", "Synonyms": ["MPPP"], "Effects": ["MPTP toxicity"], "Parents": ["Opioid", "Abused drug"]}
,{"Name": "Ureteric clot", "Effects": ["Filling defect"]}
,{"Name": "Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency", "Synonyms": ["PNPase"], "Causes": ["PNP gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Defective T-cell function", "Mental retardation", "Growth retardation", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Low plasma urate"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency", "Disease due to genetic mutation", "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"PNP gene provides instructions for making purine nucleoside phosphorylase. \nThis enzyme is  most active in  lymphocytes.\nPNP metabolizes adenosine into adenine and guanosine into guanine", "in each case creating ribose phosphate\""]}
,{"Name": "Banana", "Effects": ["Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid", "Hyperkalaemia"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Synonyms": ["Membranous GN", "Membranous nephropathy"], "Causes": ["Primary glomerular membrane thickening", "Diabetic nephropathy", "Lupus nephropathy", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Non-hodgkin lymphoma", "Renal amyloidosis", "Lung malignancy", "Carcinoma of breast", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Adenocarcinoma of lung", "Malignant melanoma", "Penicillamine", "Gold", "Captopril", "Hepatitis B", "Malaria", "Quaternary syphilis", "Leprosy", "Filarial worm"], "Effects": ["Primary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Renal capillary thickening", "Spike appearance of glomerular basement membrane", "Non-selective proteinuria", "Acquired complement deficiency", "Carcinoma of breast", "Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Renal vein thrombosis"], "Parents": ["Glomerulonephritis"], "Description": ["\"IgG deposits within basement membrane (binding or complex deposits)\n30% are secondary\n33% develop ESRF (several years)\n33% relapsing remitting\n\nAccounts for 45% of adult nephrotic syndrome\n\n10% of patients diagnosed with MN had cancer at time of diagnosis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Tarditive dyskinesia", "Causes": ["Neuroleptic drug"], "Effects": ["Torticollis", "Orofacial dyskinesia", "Chorea"]}
,{"Name": "Intravascular haemolysis", "Causes": ["Transfusion mismatch", "Prosthetic cardiac valve", "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Immune haemolysis", "Beta thalassaemia major", "March haemoglobinuria", "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Clostridium", "Snakebite", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Babesiosis", "Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria", "Erythroblastosis fetalis", "Hypophosphataemia", "Selenium deficiency", "Zeef syndrome", "Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense", "Sitosterolaemia", "Atrial myxoma"], "Effects": ["Haemoglobinaemia", "Low haptoglobin", "Haemoglobinuria", "Haemosiderinuria", "Schistocytosis", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Jaundice", "Haemolytic anaemia", "Methaemalbuminaemia"], "Parents": ["Haemolysis"], "Children": ["Acute intravascular haemolysis", "Oxidative haemolysis"], "Description": ["\"rarer:\nmechanical", "complement fixation", "toxins\n\n\nRBCs lyse in the circulation releasing hemoglobin into the plasma.\n\nCauses: \n  - mechanical trauma", "- complement fixation", "- toxic damage to the RBC. \n\n\nThe fragmented RBCs are called schistocytes. \n\nLactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is greatly elevated\""]}
,{"Name": "Low-set ears", "Synonyms": ["Low set ears"], "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Turner syndrome", "Trisomy 22", "Edward's syndrome", "Noonan syndrome", "Potter syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Treacher Collins syndrome", "CHARGE syndrome", "Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Procyclidine", "Synonyms": ["Kemadrin"], "Parents": ["Anticholinergic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Togavirus", "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus"], "Children": ["Rubella", "Flavivirus"]}
,{"Name": "Appendix mass", "Causes": ["Appendicitis"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"], "Description": ["\"Usually presents with a several day histor", "Inflammation localised to the right iliac fossa by the omentum \nPatient is usually pyrexial with a palpable mass \nTreat conservatively- sugery is difficult\nFluids", "analgesia and antibiotics \n\nAppendectomy 8 weeks later\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Diffuse pulmonary infection", "Causes": ["Septicaemia", "Viral pneumonia", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Mycoplasmal pneumonia", "Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Atypical pneumonia", "Viral haemorrhagic shock"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary microvascular injury"]}
,{"Name": "Gemcitabine", "Synonyms": ["Gemzar"], "Parents": ["Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma of pancreas"]}
,{"Name": "Malaria", "Synonyms": ["Plasmodium infection"], "Causes": ["Mosquito bite"], "Effects": ["Rigor", "Fever", "Coagulating toxin", "Monocytosis", "Splenic response to infection", "Parasitic meningitis", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Monospot test positive", "Giemsa stain positive"], "Parents": ["Protozoan infection", "Zoonosis"], "Children": ["Plasmodium vivax", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Plasmodium malariae", "Plasmodium ovale"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation", "Proguanil", "Atovaquone", "Atovaquone plus proguanil", "Artemisinin", "Tetracycline"], "Description": ["\"Cyclical fever:\nevery two days (tertian fever)- P. vivax and P. ovale. \nevery three days (quartan fever) - P. malariae. \nP. falciparum infection - almost continuous fever\""]}
,{"Name": "Mast cell stabiliser", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Cromoglycate"]}
,{"Name": "Drooling", "Synonyms": ["Druelling", "Rismus", "Sialorrhoea"], "Causes": ["Facial nerve palsy", "Excessive salivation", "Angelman syndrome", "Bulbar palsy", "Vagus palsy", "Rabies", "Pseudobulbar palsy", "Epiglottitis"], "Effects": ["Perleche"], "Parents": ["Oral symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Pout reflex", "Synonyms": ["Brisk facial jerk"], "Causes": ["Hyperreflexia"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Tapping on lips causes brisk puckering of lips\""]}
,{"Name": "Rash", "Parents": ["Cutaneous symptom"], "Children": ["Erythema", "Purpura", "Macular rash", "Maculopapular rash", "Papular rash", "Pustular rash", "Urticaria", "Drug rash", "Epidermolysis", "Herpes zoster", "Acrodermatitis", "Cutaneous larva migrans"]}
,{"Name": "Fragile blood vessel", "Causes": ["Microvasculitis", "Hypersensitivity vasculitis", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Scurvy", "Cushing syndrome", "Old age", "Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Manganese deficiency"], "Effects": ["Bleeding disorder", "Hess test positive", "Contusion"]}
,{"Name": "Carvedilol", "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker"], "Treats": ["Heart failure"]}
,{"Name": "Tracheo-oesophageal fistula", "Causes": ["VATER syndrome"], "Parents": ["Thoracic malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Heaving apex", "Synonyms": ["Left ventricular heave", "Pressure overloaded apex", "Apical heave", "Forceful sustained apex"], "Causes": ["Hypertension", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Aortic stenosis"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign", "Forceful apex beat"]}
,{"Name": "Midline granuloma", "Parents": ["Wegeners granulomatosis", "Granuloma"], "Description": ["\"Nasal & paranasal sinuses affected\nPoor prognosis\""]}
,{"Name": "Montelukast", "Parents": ["Leukotriene antagonist", "Respiratory drug"], "Description": ["\" leukotriene receptor antagonists prescribed for asthma.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Buergers test positive", "Synonyms": ["Buergers sign"], "Causes": ["Limb ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Vascular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Phosphodiesterase inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["PDE inhibitor"], "Parents": ["Peripheral nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Methylxanthine", "Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor", "Sildenafil", "Diazoxide", "Dipyridamole"]}
,{"Name": "Benign nephroscelrosis", "Causes": ["Old age"], "Parents": ["Renal disease"]}
,{"Name": "Peroxide", "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Treats": ["Acne vulgaris"]}
,{"Name": "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Synonyms": ["Hodgkin disease"], "Causes": ["Epstein Barr virus", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Immunosuppression", "Caucasian", "Ashkenazi Jew", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Cervical lymphadenopathy", "Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy", "Rubbery lymph nodes", "Mediastinal mass", "Night sweats", "Pel-Ebstein fever", "Eosinophilia", "Reed-Sternberg cell positive", "Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Minimal change glomerulonephritis", "Ichthyosis", "Cutaneous anergy", "Severe T-cell immunodeficiency", "Lymphomatoid papulosis", "Cancers with polygenic inheritance"], "Parents": ["Lymphoma", "Intra-abdominal malignancy", "Childhood malignancy"], "Treatments": ["Radiotherapy", "Chemotheraputic drug", "Splenectomy", "Vincristine", "Bleomycin"], "Description": ["\" 75% nodular sclerosis.\r\n 20% mixed cellularity. \r\n 5% lymphocyte predominant. \r\n 5% lymphocyte depleted. \r\n\r\nSpreads to contiguous lymph nodes.\r\nRarely affects bone marrow or liver.\r\n\r\nAnn Arbor staging\r\nStage I   single lymph node region \r\nStage II  two or more lymph node regions on same side of  diaphgram.\r\nStage III  lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm\r\nStage IV  involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs.\r\n\r\n85% curable.\r\n\r\nMOPP-ABV + radiotherapy.\""]}
,{"Name": "Ophthalmic autonomic dysregulation", "Synonyms": ["Trigeminal autonomic dysregulation"], "Causes": ["Hemicrania continua", "Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia"], "Effects": ["Epiphora", "Rhinorrhoea", "Red eye", "Chemosis", "Anisocoria", "Horner syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Displaced apex", "Synonyms": ["Displaced apex beat"], "Causes": ["Left ventricular hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cryosurgery", "Parents": ["General Surgery"], "Treats": ["Cervical cancer", "Human papilloma virus", "Molluscum contagiosum"]}
,{"Name": "Babinski sign positive", "Synonyms": ["Upgoing plantar reflex", "Upgoing plantars", "Flexor plantar response"], "Causes": ["Hyperreflexia", "Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Foot sign", "Reflex sign"]}
,{"Name": "Mycetoma", "Synonyms": ["Fungal lung abscess"], "Causes": ["Aspergilloma", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Coccidioides immitis"], "Effects": ["Cavitating lung lesion", "Round lung shadow"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Ovarian cyst", "Effects": ["Ruptured ovarian cyst", "Dystocia"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological pathology", "Cyst"], "Children": ["Endometriotic ovarian cyst", "Follicular cyst", "Lutein cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Nitroprusside", "Effects": ["Acquired methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Nitrates"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased H ion excretion", "Synonyms": ["Normal anion-gap acidosis"], "Causes": ["Proximal renal tubule acidosis", "Distal renal tubule acidosis", "Potassium-sparing diuretic"], "Effects": ["Metabolic acidosis", "Alkaline urine"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-La antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti SS-B"], "Effects": ["Sjogren syndrome", "Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Mittelschmerz", "Causes": ["Menstrual cycle"], "Effects": ["Peritonism"]}
,{"Name": "Barbiturate", "Effects": ["Erythema multiforme", "Erythema nodosum", "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Abused drug", "Psychiatric drug", "Sedative drug", "Anticonvulsant drug", "P450 enzyme inducer", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Children": ["Phenobarbitone", "Thiopentone", "Primidone"]}
,{"Name": "Intervertebral disc herniation", "Synonyms": ["Disc protrusion", "Spondylolisthesis", "Slipped disc", "Slip disc", "Vertebral disc prolapse", "Prolapsed intervertebral disc", "Vertebral disc herniation", "Sciatica"], "Effects": ["Back pain", "Spinal cord compression", "Nerve root lesion"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"], "Children": ["L5 disc herniation"], "Treatments": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Diazepam", "Physiotherapy", "Epidural steroids", "Discectomy", "Laminectomy"], "Description": ["\"90% resolve with conservative treatment\""]}
,{"Name": "Prolymphocytic transformation", "Causes": ["Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"], "Effects": ["Prolymphocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Metaproterenol", "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"], "Description": ["\"beta-adrenergic agonist bronchodilator\""]}
,{"Name": "Autoimmune conjunctivitis", "Causes": ["Rheumatoid disease", "Seronegative spondyloarthritis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Sjogren syndrome", "Kawasaki disease"], "Parents": ["Conjunctivitis"]}
,{"Name": "Closed Reduction", "Treats": ["Colles fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Tonsillitis", "Causes": ["Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Diphtheria", "Group A streptococcus"], "Effects": ["Sore throat", "Odynophagia", "Earache", "Acute otitis media", "Quinsy"], "Parents": ["Pharyngology", "Childhood infections"], "Treatments": ["Analgesic drug", "Paracetamol", "Antibiotic"], "Description": ["\"The most common cause is viral infection.\n40% will resolve in 3 days", "and within one week in 85% .\""]}
,{"Name": "Fine inspiratory crepitations", "Causes": ["Pulmonary oedema", "Pulmonary fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Crepitations"]}
,{"Name": "Capillary refill poor", "Synonyms": ["Slow capilliary refil", "Sluggish capillary refill"], "Causes": ["Shock", "Limb ischaemia", "Compartment syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Description": ["\"Squeeze tip of finger and release", "time for colour to return >5 seconds abnormal\""]}
,{"Name": "String sign of Kantor", "Causes": ["Crohn's disease"], "Parents": ["Barium sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hashimoto thyroiditis", "Synonyms": ["Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis", "Lymphocytic thyroiditis"], "Causes": ["Endocrine autoimmune disease", "HLA-B35", "HLA-DR5", "Anti-microsomal antibody", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Female gender", "Old age", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Hypothyroidism", "Thyroid lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Thyroid disease"], "Treatments": ["Thyroxine"], "Description": ["\"Treat hypothyroidism if symptomatic", "TSH>15", "or antibodies present\n\nRisk factors:\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdSex. Women more likely to get Hashimoto's disease.\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAge.  commonly occurs during middle age.\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdFamily history\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdOther autoimmune disease. \""]}
,{"Name": "Broad thumb", "Causes": ["Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoventilatory respiratory failure", "Synonyms": ["Type II respiratory failure", "Type 2 respiratory failure", "Hypoventilation", "Ventilatory failure"], "Effects": ["Hypercapnia", "Respiratory acidosis"], "Parents": ["Respiratory failure"], "Children": ["Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Central hypoventilation"]}
,{"Name": "Brain surgery", "Synonyms": ["Neurosurgery", "Neurosurgical intervention", "Craniotomy"], "Effects": ["Bacterial meningitis", "Cerebral lesion", "Low intracranial pressure"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Crainiotomy", "Blocked CSF drainage", "Pituitary surgery", "Thalamotomy", "Deep brain stimulation", "Callosotomy", "Ventriculoperitoneal shunt"], "Treats": ["Intracranial space occupying lesion", "Craniopharyngioma"]}
,{"Name": "Bismuth", "Effects": ["Toxic encephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"]}
,{"Name": "Yellow sclera", "Causes": ["Hyperbilirubinaemia", "Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia"], "Parents": ["Scleral sign"]}
,{"Name": "Left parasternal heave", "Synonyms": ["Right ventricular heave", "Heaving right ventricle"], "Causes": ["Tricuspid regurgitation", "Right ventricular hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cervical spondylosis", "Synonyms": ["Arthritis of cervical spine"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid arthritis"], "Effects": ["Myelopathy", "Cervical radiculopathy", "Dislocation of odontoid peg", "Fall in elderly", "Back pain", "Neck pain"], "Parents": ["Rheumatological pathology", "Spondylosis"]}
,{"Name": "Ocular granuloma", "Causes": ["Toxocara canis"], "Effects": ["Retinitis pigmentosa", "Congenital strabismus"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology", "Granuloma"]}
,{"Name": "Raised androstenedione", "Causes": ["Polycystic ovary syndrome"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperresonance", "Synonyms": ["Hyperresonant percussion note"], "Causes": ["Pneumothorax", "Hyperinflation"], "Parents": ["Percussion sign"]}
,{"Name": "Bezafibrate", "Parents": ["Lipid-lowering drug"], "Treats": ["Hypercholesterolaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Fluid overload", "Synonyms": ["Fluid retention", "Water retention", "Hypervolaemia"], "Causes": ["Heart failure", "Renal fluid retention", "Iatrogenic fluid overload", "Endocrine fluid retention", "Total parenteral nutrition"], "Effects": ["Raised jugular venous pressure", "Peripheral oedema", "Hypertension", "Hepatojugular reflux", "Orthopnoea", "Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea", "High pulmonary venous pressure", "Ascites"], "Treatments": ["Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "D-tubocurarine", "Synonyms": ["Curare"], "Parents": ["Non-depolarising blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Posterior scalloping", "Causes": ["Spinal cord tumour", "Achondroplasia", "Acromegaly", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Marfan syndrome", "Osteogenesis imperfecta"], "Parents": ["Vertebral scalloping"]}
,{"Name": "Eyelid reconstruction", "Parents": ["Ophthalmological surgery"], "Treats": ["Ectropion", "Entropion"], "Description": ["\"1)Horizontal Lid Shortening.\nA piece of lid near its outer end is removed and stitches put in to repair the lid. This tightens the lid and stops it flopping outwards.\n\n2)Lateral Tarsal Strip.\n The lid is tightened at the outer corner by stitching the outer part of the lid to the tissue covering the bone of the eye. Stops eyelid fro flopping outwards\""]}
,{"Name": "Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition", "Causes": ["Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome", "Lupus nephropathy"], "Effects": ["Renal intercapillary hyaline thrombi"], "Parents": ["Immunological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Cold skin", "Synonyms": ["Low skin temperature"], "Causes": ["Limb ischaemia", "Hypothyroidism", "Hypothermia", "Increased vascular tone"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Gaze-evoked nystagmus", "Parents": ["Nystagmus"]}
,{"Name": "African tick bite fever", "Causes": ["Tic bite"], "Parents": ["Tic-borne bacterial disease"]}
,{"Name": "Clasp knife rigidity", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Rigidity"]}
,{"Name": "Mebendazole", "Parents": ["Anti-helminthic drug"], "Treats": ["Nematode", "Cysticercosis", "Wucheria bancrofti", "Ascaris lumbricoides", "Echinococcosis", "Trichinellosis"]}
,{"Name": "Rape", "Effects": ["Post-traumatic stress disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Hoarse voice", "Synonyms": ["Hoarseness", "Husky voice"], "Causes": ["Laryngeal nodule", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Hypothyroidism", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx", "Laryngitis", "Laryngocoele", "Croup"], "Parents": ["Dysphonia", "Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Sinus tachycardia", "Synonyms": ["Tachycardia"], "Causes": ["Exercise", "Anxiety", "Emotional stress", "Pregnancy", "Fever", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Anaemia", "Heart failure", "Electrolyte imbalance", "Sympathomimetic", "Vasodilator", "Peripheral vasodilatation", "Alcohol", "Caffeine", "Cocaine", "Thyroid Crisis", "Arteriovenous malformation", "Erythroderma", "Liver failure", "Hypercapnia", "Decreased lung function", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Septicaemia", "Amphetamine", "Thiamine deficiency", "Methanol", "Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction", "Autonomic dysreflexia", "Metabolic acidosis", "Congestive heart failure triad"], "Effects": ["Palpitation"], "Parents": ["Supraventricular arrhythmia", "Pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "Finasteride", "Synonyms": ["Proscar"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Urological drug"], "Treats": ["Benign prostatic hypertrophy", "Acne vulgaris", "Androgenic alopecia"]}
,{"Name": "NFK1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Neurofibromatosis I"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 17q11.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Sandhoff disease", "Synonyms": ["Total hexosaminidase A deficiency"], "Effects": ["Abnormal white cell enzyme"], "Parents": ["Sphingolipidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Palpebral scarring", "Causes": ["Trachoma"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperinsulinaemia", "Causes": ["Insulin", "Oral hypoglycaemic", "Nesidioblastosis", "Insulinoma"], "Effects": ["Hypoglycaemia", "Raised C-peptide", "Low hydroxybutyrate", "Raised proinsulin"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"]}
,{"Name": "Neonatal thrombocytopaenia", "Effects": ["Alloimmune thrombocyte destruction"]}
,{"Name": "Late puberty", "Synonyms": ["Delayed puberty"], "Causes": ["Hypogonadism", "Kallman syndrome", "Renal tubule acidosis", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Androgen resistance"], "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea", "Absent pubic hair"]}
,{"Name": "Sickle shaped haematoma", "Causes": ["Subdural haematoma"], "Parents": ["Brain MRI sign"]}
,{"Name": "Positive TPHA", "Synonyms": ["Positive Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay"], "Causes": ["Syphilis"]}
,{"Name": "Myopia", "Synonyms": ["Short-sightedness"], "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome", "Pseudoxanthoma elasticum", "Alport syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Polygenic inheritance", "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy", "Stickler syndrome"], "Effects": ["Posterior vitreous detachment", "Glaucoma"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis malfunction", "Synonyms": ["HPO axis disturbance", "Hypothalamopituitary axis dysfunction"], "Causes": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Emotional stress", "Depression", "Weight loss"], "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Low thyroid stimulating hormone", "Sick euthyroidism", "Anovulatory cycle"]}
,{"Name": "Syndactyly", "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome", "Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Hypermetropia", "Causes": ["Polygenic inheritance"]}
,{"Name": "Levamisole", "Parents": ["Anti-helminthic drug"], "Treats": ["Ascaris lumbricoides"]}
,{"Name": "Food", "Effects": ["Dumping syndrome", "Inhaled foreign body"], "Parents": ["Substance"], "Children": ["Cheese", "Beetroot", "Liquorice", "Chocolate", "Banana", "Tomato", "Poisonous mushroom", "Undercooked meat", "Raw fish", "Shellfish", "Oyster", "Maize", "Spinach", "Rhubarb", "Fava bean", "Lathyrus pea", "Carminative", "Pineapple", "Avocado", "Salad", "Cooked meat", "Faecal contamination of food"]}
,{"Name": "Bloody pleural effusion", "Synonyms": ["Bloodstained pleural fluid", "Haemorrhagic pleural effusion"], "Causes": ["Tuberculosis", "Malignant pleural effusion", "Pulmonary embolus", "Haemothorax", "Inhalation anthrax", "Tularemia"], "Effects": ["Exudate pleural effusion"], "Parents": ["Pleural effusion"]}
,{"Name": "Reduced ristocetin cofactor activity", "Causes": ["Von Willebrand disease"]}
,{"Name": "Adenocarcinoma of lung", "Causes": ["Peutz-Jegher syndrome"], "Effects": ["Leser-Trelat sign", "Membranous glomerulonephritis"], "Parents": ["Bronchial carcinoma"], "Treatments": ["Pneumonectomy"], "Description": ["\"\n 25 - 40% of bronchial carcinoma\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Carcinogen", "Synonyms": ["Mutagenic substance", "Carcinogenic substance", "Mutation-inducing chemical"], "Effects": ["Malignancy", "Mutation"], "Parents": ["Substance"], "Children": ["Coal tar", "Benzene", "Formaldehyde", "Nicotine", "Phosphorus-32", "Alkylating agent", "Vinca alkaloid", "Ultraviolet light"]}
,{"Name": "Fistulectomy", "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Treats": ["Perianal fistula"]}
,{"Name": "Positive c-ANCA", "Synonyms": ["Cytoplasmic ANCA", "cANCA", "Antibody to proteinase-3", "Anti-proteinase-3", "Antibody to PR3", "Anti-serine proteinase"], "Causes": ["Wegeners granulomatosis"], "Parents": ["Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Felbamate", "Synonyms": ["Carbamate"], "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Aplastic anaemia", "Fulminant liver failure"], "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug"], "Treats": ["Partial seizure"]}
,{"Name": "Welding injury", "Effects": ["Superficial keratitis"]}
,{"Name": "Persecutory delusion", "Synonyms": ["Delusion of persecution"], "Parents": ["Delusion"]}
,{"Name": "Lupus vulgaris", "Synonyms": ["Cutaneous tuberculosis", "Cutaneous TB"], "Causes": ["Miliary tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Squamous cell skin cancer"], "Description": ["\"Jelly-like facial nodules\""]}
,{"Name": "Myelophthisic anaemia", "Synonyms": ["DIsplacement of bone marrow"], "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure", "Bone marrow suppression", "Liver failure"], "Effects": ["Leukoerythroblastosis"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow failure anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Rachitic rosary", "Synonyms": ["Costochondral hyperplasia"], "Causes": ["Rickets"]}
,{"Name": "Magnesium sulfate", "Parents": ["Magnesium sulfate", "Vascular drug"], "Children": ["Magnesium sulfate"], "Treats": ["Pre-eclampsia", "Hypomagnesemia", "Torsades de pointes"], "Description": ["\"Calcium antagonist.\nMechanism of action in pre-eclampsia unclear.\""]}
,{"Name": "Catheter fracture", "Causes": ["Total parenteral nutrition", "Central line"]}
,{"Name": "Radial nerve palsy", "Causes": ["Fracture shaft of humerus", "Dislocation of shoulder", "Supracondylar fracture humerus", "Wartenberg syndrome", "Compression of peripheral nerve"], "Effects": ["Wrist drop"]}
,{"Name": "Collarette", "Causes": ["Secondary syphilis"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"papular lesions of the soles with peripheral (collarette) scales.\""]}
,{"Name": "Urinary tract infection", "Synonyms": ["UTI", "Urinary infection"], "Causes": ["Escherichia coli", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Vesico-ureteric reflux", "Urinary catheter", "Recurrent pyogenic infection", "Bladder calculus", "Bladder outflow obstruction", "Chronic urinary tract obstruction", "Ureteric obstruction", "Colo-vesical fistula", "Female gender", "Renal calculi"], "Effects": ["Dysuria", "Cystitis", "Pyelonephritis", "Struvite stone", "Haematuria", "Delirium", "Acute abdominal pain", "Pyuria"], "Parents": ["Local infection"], "Treatments": ["Nalidixic acid"]}
,{"Name": "Didanosine", "Effects": ["Acute pancreatitis"], "Parents": ["Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Tall tented T-wave", "Causes": ["Hyperkalaemia"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Angioid streak", "Synonyms": ["Degeneration of Bruch's membrane"], "Causes": ["Pseudoxanthoma elasticum", "Paget disease", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Lead poisoning", "Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome"], "Effects": ["Blindness"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"], "Description": ["\"50% idiopathic\""]}
,{"Name": "Loss of vibration sense", "Synonyms": ["Vibration sense deficit"], "Causes": ["Dorsal column lesion"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Cromoglycate", "Synonyms": ["Intal"], "Parents": ["Mast cell stabiliser", "Respiratory drug"], "Treats": ["Asthma", "Systemic mastocytosis"], "Description": ["\"Mast cell stabiliser\""]}
,{"Name": "Blocked nose", "Causes": ["Nasal polyp"]}
,{"Name": "Past pointing", "Causes": ["Cerebellar ataxia"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cervical radiculopathy", "Synonyms": ["C1 to C8 nerve root palsy", "C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 radiculopathy"], "Causes": ["Cervical spondylosis", "Spinal trauma"], "Effects": ["Wasting of intrinsic hand muscles"], "Parents": ["Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Ursodeoxycholic acid", "Parents": ["Cholesterol binding salt"], "Treats": ["Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Graft versus host disease", "Cholelithiasis", "Cirrhosis"]}
,{"Name": "Angular stomatitis", "Synonyms": ["Angular cheilitis", "Cheilosis", "Cheilitis angularis"], "Causes": ["Plummer-Vinson syndrome", "Isotretinoin", "Vitamin B2 deficiency", "Pseudorhagades"], "Parents": ["Cheilitis"]}
,{"Name": "Dutcher cell", "Causes": ["Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Liver biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Fetal anaemia", "Effects": ["Hydrops fetalis"], "Parents": ["Anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Vitiligo", "Causes": ["Thyroid dermopathy", "Type I polyglandular syndrome", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Type III polyglandular syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hypopigmented skin", "Koebner phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune skin disease"]}
,{"Name": "Dementia", "Synonyms": ["Progressive cognitive decline", "Neurodegenerative cognitive decline"], "Effects": ["Cognitive disturbance", "Organic mood disorder", "Anorexia", "Hypothermia"], "Parents": ["Organic mental disorder"], "Children": ["Alzheimer disease", "Vascular dementia", "Lewy body dementia", "Frontotemporal dementia", "Pseudodementia", "Early onset dementia", "Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "General paresis of insane", "Korsakoff dementia", "Huntington disease", "Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Dermatographism", "Synonyms": ["Dermatographia", "Skin writing"], "Effects": ["Non-immunological urticaria"]}
,{"Name": "Aminoacidopathies", "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Phenylketonuria", "Alkaptonuria", "Maple syrup urine disease", "Homocystinuria", "Homocysteinaemia", "Hereditary tyrosinosis", "Cystinosis"]}
,{"Name": "Hip replacement", "Synonyms": ["Prosthetic hip"], "Parents": ["Prosthesis"], "Treatments": ["Perthe disease"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral lesion", "Synonyms": ["Cerebral damage", "Cerebral cortical damage", "Cerebral cortex lesions"], "Causes": ["Cerebral infarction", "Brain tumour", "Head injury", "Encephalitis", "Demyelination of central nervous system", "Brain abscess", "Brain surgery", "Berry aneurysm", "Phenylketonuria", "Hydrocephalus", "Intracranial space occupying lesion"], "Effects": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign", "Upper motor neurone lesion", "Facial nerve palsy", "Pseudobulbar palsy", "Neurological mental disorder", "Delirium", "Mental retardation", "Stupor", "Localisation-related epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Cerebral pathology"], "Children": ["Frontal lobe lesion", "Temporal lobe lesion", "Parietal lobe lesion", "Occipital lobe lesion", "Subcortical lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Gilles de la Tourette syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Tourette's syndrome"], "Effects": ["Copropraxia", "Coprolalia", "Echolalia", "Palilalia", "Echopraxia", "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Muscarinic agonist", "Effects": ["Constricted pupil", "Excessive salivation", "Sinus bradycardia"], "Parents": ["Peripheral nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Pilocarpine"]}
,{"Name": "Papillary thyroid cancer", "Synonyms": ["Papillary carcinoma of thyroid"], "Causes": ["Irradiation"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of thyroid"], "Treatments": ["Total thyroidectomy", "Radioiodine therapy"], "Description": ["\"70% of thyroid cancer\n\nHormone responsive\n\nLymphatic spread\n\nTreatment:\nTotal Thyroidectomy + \nRemoval of involved lymph nodes+\nAdjuvant postop Thyroxine to suppress TSH\n\nPrognosis: Excellent\""]}
,{"Name": "Exotoxin syndrome", "Children": ["Scalded skin syndrome", "Toxic shock syndrome", "Scarlet fever", "Cholera", "Diphtheria", "Gas gangrene", "Tetanus", "Botulinum toxin", "Shigella", "Raised antistreptolysin O titre"]}
,{"Name": "Poison ivy", "Effects": ["Allergic contact dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital methaemoglobinemia", "Causes": ["HbB gene mutation", "CYB5R3 gene mutation", "Haemoglobin M", "NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency", "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Methaemoglobinaemia", "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Autsomal recessive.\nTwo types:\n1)Deficiency of the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase.\n2)Presence of altered form of haemoglobin (Hb M).\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Perleche", "Causes": ["Candida albicans", "Staphylococcus saprophyticus", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Drooling", "Dentures"], "Parents": ["Cheilitis"], "Description": ["\"Moisture-induced fissuring and maceration of perioral skin\""]}
,{"Name": "Salazopyrin", "Effects": ["Drug-induced lupus"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"]}
,{"Name": "Amosite", "Synonyms": ["Brown asbestos"], "Parents": ["Asbestos inhalation"], "Description": ["\"Contains iron\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypersensitivity vasculitis", "Synonyms": ["Leukocytoclastic vasculitis"], "Causes": ["Drug reaction", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura"], "Effects": ["Fragile blood vessel"], "Parents": ["Primary vasculitis"], "Description": ["\"antibodies form immune complexes in vessel walls\""]}
,{"Name": "Plasmapheresis", "Synonyms": ["Plasma exchange", "PEx", "PlEx"], "Parents": ["Haematological procedure"], "Treats": ["Limbic encephalitis", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy", "Devic syndrome", "Multiple sclerosis", "Pretibial myxoedema", "Myasthenia gravis"]}
,{"Name": "Neurosyphilis", "Causes": ["Quaternary syphilis"], "Effects": ["General paresis of insane", "Tabes dorsalis", "Argyll Robertson pupil", "Bilateral ptosis", "Cranial nerve palsy", "Bulbar palsy", "Oligoclonal bands in CSF", "Foerster choroiditis", "Uveitis", "Delirium"]}
,{"Name": "Vincristine", "Effects": ["Toxic neuropathy", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Raynaud phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Vinca alkaloid"], "Treats": ["Wilm's tumour", "Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Non-hodgkin lymphoma", "Neuroblastoma", "Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Ewing sarcoma"]}
,{"Name": "Fungal infection", "Synonyms": ["Fungus infection"], "Effects": ["Silver stain positive"], "Parents": ["Infectious disease", "Chronic infection"], "Children": ["Yeast", "Ringworm infection", "Aspergillus", "Cryptococcus neoformans", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Coccidioides immitis", "Onychomycosis", "Blastomycosis", "Micropolyspora faeni", "Zygomycosis", "Fusarium"]}
,{"Name": "Yaws", "Synonyms": ["Treponema pertenue"], "Effects": ["Positive VDRL"], "Parents": ["Treponemal infection"], "Description": ["\"Chronic granulomatous disease\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Palmar erythema", "Causes": ["High oestriol", "High oestrogen", "Kawasaki disease", "Peripheral vasodilatation", "Rheumatoid disease", "Chronic liver disease", "Liver failure"], "Parents": ["Erythema", "Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Nocardia", "Effects": ["Atypical pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Gram positive bacillus"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin B2 deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Riboflavin deficiency"], "Effects": ["Angular stomatitis", "Scrotal dermatitis"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Gorlin sign", "Causes": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"], "Description": ["\"Ability to touch the nose with the tip of the tongue\""]}
,{"Name": "Endometriotic ovarian cyst", "Synonyms": ["Chocolate cyst"], "Causes": ["Endometriosis"], "Parents": ["Ovarian cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Oral papilloma", "Causes": ["Cowden disease"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm", "Papilloma"]}
,{"Name": "Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Synonyms": ["High ACE", "Raised serum ACE"], "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis", "Tuberculosis", "Berylliosis", "Silicosis", "Asbestosis", "Bronchial carcinoma", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Leprosy", "Diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Fibromuscular dysplasia", "Effects": ["Cerebral infarction", "Renal artery stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Somnambulism", "Synonyms": ["Sleep walking"], "Parents": ["Parasomnia"]}
,{"Name": "Steatorrhoea", "Synonyms": ["Fatty stool", "Floater stool"], "Causes": ["Bile salt malabsorption", "Cholestasis", "Insufficient digestive enzymes"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom", "Faeces sign"]}
,{"Name": "Micropolyspora faeni", "Effects": ["Farmer's lung"], "Parents": ["Fungal infection"]}
,{"Name": "Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid", "Synonyms": ["High urine 5-HIAA"], "Causes": ["Carcinoid tumour", "Chocolate", "Banana", "Tomato", "Pineapple", "Avocado", "Paracetamol", "Nicotine", "Phenobarbitone"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"], "Description": ["\"Dietary amino acid tryptophan is converted in the body to nicotinic acid.\nCarcinoid tumors that cause the carcinoid syndrome", "convert \n tryptophan to serotonin and 5-HIAA.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Asthma", "Causes": ["Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Bronchoconstriction", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Bromide", "African origin"], "Effects": ["Polyphonic wheeze", "Cough", "Hyperinflation", "Chronic hypoxia", "Chronic airway obstruction", "Status asthmaticus", "Decreased peak expiratory flow", "Pneumothorax", "High endothelin-1", "Charcot-Leyden crystal", "Reduced forced expiratory volume in 1s", "Hypoxic respiratory failure"], "Parents": ["Allergic disorder", "Obstructive pulmonary disease", "Type I hypersensitivity reaction"], "Treatments": ["Salbutamol", "Beclomethasone", "Fluticasone", "Cromoglycate", "Ipratropium", "Leukotriene antagonist", "Theophylline", "Omalizumab", "Adrenaline", "Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Tinea Unguium", "Parents": ["Fungal infections of skin"]}
,{"Name": "Cranial diabetes insipidus", "Synonyms": ["Cranial DI"], "Causes": ["Head injury", "Pituitary adenoma", "Pituitary surgery", "Panhypopituitarism", "Langerhans cell histiocytosis"], "Effects": ["Hypernatraemia"], "Parents": ["Diabetes insipidus"]}
,{"Name": "Large head", "Causes": ["Achondroplasia", "X-linked tubular myopathy"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital coagulation defect", "Synonyms": ["Hereditary clotting abnormality"], "Causes": ["Haemophilia A", "Haemophilia B", "Von Willebrand disease"], "Effects": ["Clotting factor deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Aflatoxin", "Causes": ["Aspergillus flavus"], "Effects": ["Fulminant liver failure", "Hepatocellular carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Shilling test positive", "Synonyms": ["Schilling test positive"], "Causes": ["Pernicious anaemia"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Description": ["\"Radioactive B12 in stool decreases with oral IF\""]}
,{"Name": "Induced Abortion", "Synonyms": ["Elective abortion"], "Causes": ["Contraceptive failure", "Anencephaly", "Meckel Gruber syndrome", "Potter syndrome", "Maternal Risk"], "Effects": ["Maternal Risk"], "Parents": ["Fetal death", "Obstetric procedure"], "Children": ["Septic abortion"], "Description": ["\"Incidence :  20% of all pregnancies\n\n40% of all pregnacies are unwanted. Half of these are aborted.\n\nINDICATIONS  \n\nA. Contraceptive failure: commonest reason\n\nB.Therapeutic abortion:\n   a) Maternal risk by continuing pregnancy:\n        - severe Cardiovascular disease \n        - renal failure\n        - severe diabetes\n        - cancer\n\n   b) Fetus has a perinatal fatal medical condition: \n      - anencephaly\n      - chromosomal abnormalities inconsistent with life \n      - Meckel Gruber syndrome\n       - Potters syndrome with BRA\n\n   c) Risk that child would be born handicapped:\n        - Downs syndrome\n        - Trisomy 18\n        - Muscular dystrophy\n        - Cystic fibrosis\n        - Tay- sachs\n\nC: Social:\n       - Abortions done to preserve the mental health of the mother", "eg. when  pregnancy is the result of rape.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Arbovirus", "Effects": ["Yellow fever", "Dengue fever"], "Parents": ["Flavivirus"]}
,{"Name": "Pyeloplasty", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Pelviureteric junction obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "PTH-related protein secretion", "Causes": ["Squamous cell tumour", "Small cell carcinoma of lung"], "Effects": ["Osteolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Cowen sign", "Synonyms": ["Jerky pupillary constriction"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"], "Description": ["\"Extensive hippus of consensual pupillary reflex\""]}
,{"Name": "Blood investigation", "Synonyms": ["Blood test"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Raised ESR", "Blood film", "Serum electrophoresis", "Raised red cell mass", "Hyperbilirubinaemia", "Monospot test positive", "High packed cell volume", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Low creatinine", "Low urea", "High ammonia", "Haemoglobinaemia", "Dexamethasone suppression test", "Low haptoglobin", "Positive Schumm test", "Hess test positive", "Positive Ham's test", "Hypoalbuminaemia", "Raised luteinising hormone", "Raised androstenedione", "Raised transferrin saturation", "Synacthen test", "Serology", "Absent Kell antigen", "High haematocrit"]}
,{"Name": "GABA-A receptor agonist", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Benzodiazepine", "Vigabatrin", "Gabapentin", "Pregabalin"]}
,{"Name": "Propantheline", "Parents": ["Antimuscarinic drug"], "Treats": ["Achalasia cardia"]}
,{"Name": "Bloom syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Congenital telangiectatic erythema", "Bloom\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdTorre\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdMachacek syndrome"], "Causes": ["BLM gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Telangiectasia", "Photosensitivity", "Short stature", "Haematological malignancy", "Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Defective T-cell function", "Defective B-cell function"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency", "Autosomal recessive disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 15\nDNA helicase mutation\""]}
,{"Name": "Benzodiazepine withdrawal", "Effects": ["Tinnitus", "Delirium"]}
,{"Name": "Orange tears", "Synonyms": ["Yellow tears"], "Causes": ["Amiodarone", "Rifampicin"], "Parents": ["Ocular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Familial hypercholesterolaemia", "Synonyms": ["Type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Type 2a hyperlipidaemia", "FH"], "Causes": ["Defective LDL receptor", "Apolipoprotein B-100"], "Effects": ["Hypercholesterolaemia", "Tendon xanthoma", "Xanthelasma", "Tuberous xanthoma", "Coronary artery disease"], "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia", "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Mediates inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. \nChromosome 19\n400+ mutations in LDL receptor\n1 in 500 affected\n\n50% die before 60 due to IHD\n8-fold risk of cardiovascular disease\""]}
,{"Name": "Dyschondroplasia", "Synonyms": ["Ollier's disease.", "Enchondromatosis"], "Effects": ["Dwarfism", "Granulosa cell tumour", "Chondrosarcoma", "Hypoplastic limb"], "Parents": ["Congenital skeletal dysplasia"], "Description": ["\"Nonhereditory and sporadic \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion", "Synonyms": ["Ectopic ACTH secretion"], "Causes": ["Adrenocorticotrophic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma", "Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Carcinoid tumour", "Neuroendocrine tumour"], "Effects": ["Cushing syndrome", "Increased ACTH"]}
,{"Name": "Cyanotic congenital heart disease", "Synonyms": ["Congenital cyanotic heart disease"], "Effects": ["Fingernail clubbing", "Central cyanosis"], "Parents": ["Congenital heart malformation"], "Children": ["Tetralogy of Fallot", "Transposition of great arteries", "Persistent truncus arteriosus", "Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage", "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation", "Eisenmenger syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Intracapsular extraction of lens", "Treats": ["Acquired cataract"], "Description": ["\"Intracapsular cataract extraction is rarely performed. \nThe lens and surrounding capsule are removed in one piece through a large incision.\nThe surgery has a high rate of complications.\""]}
,{"Name": "Swelling of ankles", "Synonyms": ["Ankle oedema", "SOA", "Leg oedema"], "Parents": ["Lower limb symptom", "Oedema", "Cardiovascular symptom"], "Children": ["Pitting ankle oedema", "Non-pitting ankle swelling"]}
,{"Name": "Insufficient digestive enzymes", "Causes": ["Pancreatic insufficiency"], "Effects": ["Malabsorption state", "Steatorrhoea", "Fat soluble vitamin deficiency"], "Treatments": ["Low fat diet"]}
,{"Name": "Overriding aorta", "Causes": ["Tetralogy of Fallot", "Trisomy 9"]}
,{"Name": "Gangrene", "Parents": ["Necrosis"], "Children": ["Peripheral gangrene", "Gas gangrene"]}
,{"Name": "Nitroblue tetrazolium test positive", "Causes": ["Chronic granulomatous disease"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Aspergillus clavatus", "Effects": ["Malt worker's lung"], "Parents": ["Aspergillus"]}
,{"Name": "Struma ovarii", "Effects": ["Thyrotoxicosis"], "Parents": ["Teratoma"], "Description": ["\"Ovarian teratoma containing thyroid tissue\""]}
,{"Name": "Bicalutamide", "Synonyms": ["Casodex"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Urological drug", "Hormonal manipulation"], "Treats": ["Prostate cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Nihilistic delusion", "Synonyms": ["Nihilism"], "Parents": ["Delusion"]}
,{"Name": "Fucosidosis", "Synonyms": ["Alpha-fucosidase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation", "Global developmental delay", "Dysmorphic facies", "Splenomegaly", "Dysostosis multiplex", "Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum", "Abnormal white cell enzyme", "Rosenthal fibres", "Metabolic epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency", "Glycoproteinosis"], "Description": ["\"enzyme alpha-L-fucosidase deficiency\n\nFucose-containing glycolipids and glycoproteins not broken down.\n\nItaly", "Cuba\""]}
,{"Name": "Raised insulin-like growth factor I", "Synonyms": ["Raised IGF-1", "Raised IGF-I"], "Causes": ["Growth hormone-secreting adenoma"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Painless lump", "Causes": ["Ewing sarcoma"]}
,{"Name": "ADAMTS10 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Weil-Marchesani syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 19p13.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypovolaemia", "Synonyms": ["Volume depletion", "Low blood volume"], "Causes": ["Dehydration", "Acute blood loss"], "Effects": ["Shock", "High renin", "Asystole", "Dizziness"]}
,{"Name": "Supraclavicular fat pad", "Causes": ["Cushing syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Mucosal erosion", "Synonyms": ["Mucosal ulcer"], "Causes": ["Kawasaki disease", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Cytotoxic drug"], "Effects": ["Altered sensation of taste"]}
,{"Name": "Probiotics", "Treats": ["Irritable bowel syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Genital sore", "Parents": ["Genital examination sign"], "Children": ["Primary chancre", "Herpetic sore", "Chancroid", "Genital ulcer", "Erythroplasia of Queyrat"]}
,{"Name": "Polydactyly", "Causes": ["Patau syndrome", "Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome", "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome", "Meckel Gruber syndrome", "Holt-Oram syndrome"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Caecocentral scotoma", "Synonyms": ["Scotoma extending to blind spot"], "Causes": ["Chronic glaucoma", "Vitamin B12 deficiency"], "Parents": ["Central scotoma"]}
,{"Name": "Vestibular neuronitis", "Effects": ["Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Roussy-Levy syndrome", "Effects": ["Cerebellar ataxia"], "Parents": ["Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary disease", "Synonyms": ["Lung disease"], "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Obstructive pulmonary disease", "Restrictive pulmonary disease"]}
,{"Name": "Panproctocolectomy", "Synonyms": ["Pancolectomy"], "Parents": ["Colectomy"], "Treats": ["Toxic megacolon"]}
,{"Name": "Myeloblastosis", "Synonyms": ["Myeloblast on blood film"], "Causes": ["Leukoerythroblastosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Bell-clapper deformity", "Effects": ["Testicular torsion"], "Description": ["\"The testicles are normally  attached to the scrotum", "making it hard for them to twist. \nWith the bell clapper deformity", "the testicles are unsecured and can move and twist in the scrotum.\""]}
,{"Name": "Yolk sac tumour", "Synonyms": ["Endodermal sinus tumour"], "Effects": ["Raised alpha-fetoprotein", "Schiller-Duval body"], "Parents": ["Germ cell ovarian tumour", "Testicular tumour"], "Description": ["\"Young children", "sacrococcygeal area.\nTestes or ovaries.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cotton wool exudate", "Synonyms": ["Cotton wool spot"], "Causes": ["Malignant hypertension", "Diabetic retinopathy", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Anaemia", "Leukaemia", "Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign", "Hypertensive retinopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Brachial plexus lesion", "Synonyms": ["Brachial plexus palsy"], "Causes": ["Birth trauma", "Dystocia", "Fetal macrosomia", "Local infiltration of lung cancer", "Thoracic outlet obstruction", "Thoracic trauma", "Dislocation of shoulder", "Shoulder dystocia", "Pancoast syndrome"], "Effects": ["Wasting of intrinsic hand muscles", "Arm pain"], "Parents": ["Mononeuropathy"], "Children": ["Medial cord of brachial plexus lesion", "Klumpke palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Opioid", "Effects": ["Low testosterone", "Psychoactive substance use"], "Parents": ["Opiate-receptor agonist"], "Children": ["Codeine", "Oxycodone", "Fentanyl", "Methadone", "Pethidine", "Tramadol", "Buprenorphine", "Loperamide", "Desmethylprodine"], "Description": ["\"Morphine is an opiate and also an opioid\""]}
,{"Name": "5-aminosalicylic acid", "Synonyms": ["5-aminosalicylate", "5-ASA"], "Effects": ["Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Acute pancreatitis", "Bowel irritation by drug"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug", "Sulphonamide", "Rheumatological drug", "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug"], "Children": ["Sulphasalazine", "Mesalazine"], "Treats": ["Rheumatoid arthritis", "Crohn's disease"], "Description": ["\"Kertaolytic\""]}
,{"Name": "Hepatic friction rub", "Synonyms": ["Hepatic rub"], "Causes": ["Perihepatitis", "Acute hepatitis", "Liver metastasis", "Hepatocellular carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Brain stem lesion", "Effects": ["Cheyne-Stokes respiration"]}
,{"Name": "Tirofiban", "Parents": ["GPIIb/IIIA-receptor downregulator"]}
,{"Name": "Large cell tumour", "Effects": ["High human chorionic gonadotrophin"], "Parents": ["Tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Berry aneurysm", "Synonyms": ["Cerebral aneurysm"], "Causes": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IV", "Marfan syndrome", "Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Neurofibromatosis I", "Cigarette smoking", "Coarctation of the aorta"], "Effects": ["Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Cerebral lesion", "Intracranial space occupying lesion", "Optic nerve compression"], "Parents": ["Aneurysm", "Vascular malformation of brain"], "Children": ["Posterior communicating artery aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Lipaemia retinalis", "Causes": ["Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Familial hypertriglyceridaemia"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Trisomy 22", "Synonyms": ["Fetal-placental dyscrepancy"], "Effects": ["Microcephaly", "Prominent epicanthic folds", "Low-set ears", "Preauricular sinus", "Webbed neck", "Thickened nuchal folds", "Arachnodactyly", "Shortened fifth metacarpal", "Rocker bottom feet", "Renal agenesis", "Hypospadias", "Anal atresia", "Failure to thrive", "Neonatal hypotonia"], "Parents": ["Trisomy"]}
,{"Name": "Aphthous ulcer", "Synonyms": ["Oral aphthae", "Canker sores", "Apthous stomatitis"], "Causes": ["Coeliac disease", "Crohn's disease", "Reiter's syndrome", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Malabsorption state", "Erythema multiforme"], "Effects": ["Oral ulcer"], "Description": ["\"Gk", "aphtha=eruption\nMechanism unknown\na T cell-mediated immune response triggered by a variety of factors\""]}
,{"Name": "Trisomy 21", "Effects": ["Down syndrome"], "Parents": ["Chromosomal abnormalities"], "Description": ["\"3 Copies of Chromosome 21 instead of two\""]}
,{"Name": "Dental braces", "Effects": ["Oral trauma"]}
,{"Name": "Chest X-ray sign", "Synonyms": ["Chest radiographical sign", "Thoracic radiographical sign", "CXR sign"], "Parents": ["Radiological investigation"], "Children": ["Cardiomegaly", "Bats wing shadowing", "Boot-shaped heart", "Kerley B lines", "Rib notching", "Oligaemic lung fields", "Patchy lung infiltrates", "Post-stenotic widening of aorta", "Mediastinal shift", "Silhouette sign", "Round lung shadow", "Cavitating lung lesion", "Consolidation", "Pleural effusion", "Pneumothorax", "Reticulonodular shadowing", "Transient bilateral lung shadowing", "Honeycomb lung", "Paratracheal lymphadenopathy", "Air under diaphragm", "Hiatus hernia", "Hampton hump"]}
,{"Name": "Malt worker's lung", "Causes": ["Aspergillus clavatus"], "Parents": ["Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"]}
,{"Name": "Foul vaginal odour", "Causes": ["Bacterial Vaginosis"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Mycobacterium smegmatis-phlei", "Parents": ["Mycobacterial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Meningococcal septicaemia", "Synonyms": ["Meningococcaemia"], "Causes": ["Meningococcus"], "Effects": ["Microvasculitis", "Coagulating toxin", "Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome"], "Parents": ["Septicaemia", "Ten serious rashes"]}
,{"Name": "Phagocyte activation", "Synonyms": ["Macrophage and neutrophil activation"], "Causes": ["Interferon gamma", "Interleukin-8", "Interleukin-3", "Tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor", "Interleukin-2", "Interleukin-12", "Tumour necrosis factor beta"], "Effects": ["Tumour necrosis factor alpha"], "Parents": ["Immune response"], "Description": ["\"Th1 pathway\""]}
,{"Name": "Hip fracture", "Synonyms": ["Fracture neck of femur"], "Causes": ["Fall in elderly", "Osteoporosis", "Pathological fracture", "Paget disease", "Osteopetrosis", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Osteomalacia"], "Effects": ["Prolonged immobilisation", "Delirium"], "Parents": ["Fracture"], "Children": ["Intracapsular fracture neck of femur", "Extracapsular fracture neck of femur"], "Description": ["\"10%  die within 1 month \n30% within 12 months. \nMost  deaths  due to associated comorbidities and not just to the fracture itself\""]}
,{"Name": "Doxapram", "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"], "Description": ["\"respiratory stimulant.\nUsed in drug induced respiratory depression. \nIt alters neurotransmitters in the brain that stimulate breathing center. \n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Bezold Jarisch reflex", "Synonyms": ["Bezold-Jarisch reflex"], "Causes": ["Myocardial infarction", "Nitrates", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"], "Effects": ["Bradycardia", "Hypotension", "Hypopnoea"], "Description": ["\"Cardiovascular reflex occurring upon stimulation of chemoreceptors", "primarily in the left ventricle", "by certain antihypertensive alkaloids and similar substances. \nAfferent vagal fibers carry the impulses to the medulla oblongata", "after which impulses carried back by efferent vagalfibers cause reflex bradycardia and hypotension. \n\nThe term has now come to include reactions triggered by cardiac mechanoreceptor activation.\nAlso used to describe perioperative bradycardia with hypotension occuring after regional anesthesia..\""]}
,{"Name": "Von Willebrand disease", "Synonyms": ["Von Willebrand factor deficiency", "vWF deficiency", "vWD"], "Causes": ["VWF gene mutation", "Heyde syndrome"], "Effects": ["Congenital coagulation defect", "Reduced ristocetin cofactor activity", "Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Congenital haematological disorder"], "Treatments": ["Desmopressin"], "Description": ["\"Von Willebrand factor deficiency\nFactor stored in Weibel-Palade bodies.\nRequired for platelet adhesion.\n\nRx DDAVP\""]}
,{"Name": "Positive Ham's test", "Synonyms": ["Acidified serum test", "Acid-induced haemolysis", "Sugar water test"], "Causes": ["Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria", "Myelodysplastic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Haemoglobinopathy", "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Haematological pathology", "Congenital haematological disorder"], "Children": ["Sickle cell anaemia", "Thalassaemia", "Haemoglobin M"]}
,{"Name": "Tapping apex", "Causes": ["Loud first heart sound", "Right ventricular hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign"]}
,{"Name": "HIV seroconversion illness", "Causes": ["Human immunodeficiency virus"], "Effects": ["Maculopapular rash", "Myalgia", "Pharyngitis", "HIV encephalitis", "Viral meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Atypical haemolytic uraemia syndrome", "Causes": ["CHF gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Haemolytic uraemic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Oral ulcer", "Synonyms": ["Ulceration of mouth", "Mouth ulcer"], "Causes": ["Aphthous ulcer", "Oral trauma", "Herpes simplex virus", "Varicella zoster virus", "Crohn's disease", "Behcet triad", "Pemphigus vulgaris", "Bullous pemphigoid", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Cytotoxic drug", "Tertiary syphilis", "Aledronate", "Thiouracil", "Nicorandil", "Coeliac disease", "Erythema multiforme", "Lichen planus", "Vincent angina", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Paraquat", "Zoledronic acid"], "Effects": ["Dysphagia"], "Parents": ["Oral symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Trisomy 18", "Effects": ["Edward's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Chromosomal abnormalities"]}
,{"Name": "Hydatidiform mole", "Synonyms": ["Molar pregnancy", "Hydatid mole", "Mola hydatidosa"], "Causes": ["Asian origin"], "Effects": ["Inevitable abortion", "Pre-eclampsia", "Choriocarcinoma"], "Parents": ["Gestational trophoblastic disease"], "Description": ["\"\nA non-viable fertilized egg", "which grows into a mass in the uterus.\n\nHas  chorionic villi which grow in clusters that resemble grapes.\n\n('hydatis' from Greek = a droplet", "referring to  watery contents of the grape like cysts )\n\nThese structures appear to burrow into the wall of the uterus", "hence the name mole.\n\nMicroscopically", "hyperplasia of trophoblastic tissue . \n\nPathogenesis:\nDevelops when an egg that is missing its nucleus is fertilized.(molar pregnancy)\nIf left untreated", "it will end as a spontaneous abortion . \n\nClinical: painless vaginal bleeding - 4th month \n\nDiagnosis: \n  - U/S\n  - High HCG levels\n\nTreatment: Evacuation by suction /curettage\n\nPrognosis: Excellent in 80%\n                 20% risk of developing choriocarcinoma.\n                 Hence close follow-up till HCG returns to normal.\n                 Persistent elevation of HCG = malignancy\n\nIndications for chemotherapy:\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Elevated hCG levels after evacuation.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Histological evidence of choriocarcinoma.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Metastases in the brain", "liver", "vagina", "vulva\n\n\n1% chance of developing  another molar pregnancy.\""]}
,{"Name": "Overlapping 3rd and 4th digits", "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Trisomy 13", "Effects": ["Patau syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "APRT gene mutation", "Effects": ["Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 16q24\""]}
,{"Name": "Grand mal", "Parents": ["Epileptic seizure", "Generalised seizure", "Complex seizure"]}
,{"Name": "Raised ESR", "Synonyms": ["High ESR", "Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate"], "Causes": ["Metastasis", "Blood change in pregnancy", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Connective tissue disease", "Temporal arteritis", "Haematological malignancy", "Paraproteinaemia", "Sarcoidosis", "Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Scarlet fever", "Inflammatory disease", "Acute phase reaction"], "Effects": ["Rouleaux"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Mucinous carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["Mucinous adenocarcinoma"], "Effects": ["Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma"], "Children": ["Mucinous cystadenoma"]}
,{"Name": "Hispanic origin", "Synonyms": ["Hispanic American"], "Effects": ["Prostate cancer"], "Parents": ["Ethnic origin"]}
,{"Name": "Dilating eyedrops", "Synonyms": ["Mydriatic agent"], "Effects": ["Acute glaucoma"]}
,{"Name": "Renal disease", "Synonyms": ["Nephrological disease", "Kidney disease", "Nephrology disease"], "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Renal failure", "Acute glomerulonephritis", "Nephrotic syndrome", "IgA nephropathy", "Congenital renal disease", "Renal calculi", "Pyelonephritis", "Benign nephroscelrosis", "Fanconi syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Undercooked meat", "Synonyms": ["Raw meat", "Uncooked animal product"], "Effects": ["Food poisoning", "Escherichia coli O157:H7", "Campylobacter jejuni", "Clostridium perfringens", "Salmonella", "Taenia solium", "Taenia saginata", "Toxoplasmosis", "Trichinella spiralis"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Glossitis", "Causes": ["Nicotinic acid deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"], "Children": ["Atrophic glossitis"]}
,{"Name": "Acute headache", "Causes": ["Migraine", "Sinusitis", "Meningism", "Hypertensive encephalopathy", "Malignant hypertension", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Extradural haemorrhage", "Pituitary apoplexy", "Subdural haematoma", "Acute glaucoma", "Cheese effect", "Ice-cream headache", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Q-fever"], "Parents": ["Headache"]}
,{"Name": "Ganglion blocker", "Parents": ["Antihypertensive drug"], "Description": ["\"Hexamethonium.\""]}
,{"Name": "Radical nephrectomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Renal cell carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Nasal obstruction", "Synonyms": ["Blocked nose"], "Causes": ["Allergic rhinitis", "Nasal polyp", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Paranasal sinus tumour"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Behavioural change", "Synonyms": ["Unusual behaviour", "Altered behaviour", "Personality disturbance", "Personality change", "Behavioral disturbance"], "Causes": ["Early onset dementia", "Hepatic encephalopathy", "Wilson's disease", "Trypanosoma brucei gambiense", "Copper deficiency", "Phenylketonuria", "DiGeorge syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cognitive disturbance"], "Children": ["Antisocial behaviour"]}
,{"Name": "Coup de sabre", "Causes": ["Morphoea"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"Linear scleroderma- linear band of atrophy and a furrow that occurs in the frontal region\""]}
,{"Name": "CSF tau protein", "Synonyms": ["Tau protein in CSF", "Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid"], "Causes": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"], "Parents": ["Lumbar puncture"]}
,{"Name": "MTTP gene mutation", "Effects": ["Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 4q24\""]}
,{"Name": "Fructosaemia", "Effects": ["Hereditary Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Raised erythropoietin", "Synonyms": ["Raised EPo"], "Causes": ["Anaemia", "Chronic hypoxia"], "Effects": ["Increased erythropoiesis"], "Parents": ["Hormone", "Hormonal imbalance"], "Children": ["Inappropriately raised erythropoietin"]}
,{"Name": "Serotonin antagonist", "Effects": ["Toxic encephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["5-HT3 antagonist", "5-HT2 antagonist", "Phenothiazine", "Butyrophenone", "Pizotifen"]}
,{"Name": "Ulcerative colitis", "Synonyms": ["UC"], "Causes": ["Emotional stress", "HLA-B5", "Irradiation"], "Effects": ["Mucus in stool", "Tenesmus", "Dehydration", "Toxic megacolon", "Pseudopolyposis coli", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Colonic stricture", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Multiple sclerosis", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Basophilia", "Lower gastrointestinal bleed"], "Parents": ["Inflammatory bowel disease"], "Treatments": ["Prednisolone", "Sulphasalazine", "Mesalazine", "Enema", "Cyclosporin", "Tacrolimus", "Infliximab", "Total parenteral nutrition", "Antimuscarinic drug"], "Description": ["\"Mucosa and submucosa inflammation\ncontinuous from rectum proximally\nCa bowel in 5%\nPSC in 2%\nSulphasalazine reduces 1 year relapse rate from 80% to 20%\n\ncommonest cause of death  = toxic megacolon. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Gram negative sepsis", "Synonyms": ["Gram-negative septicaemia"], "Causes": ["Gram negative bacillus", "Bowel perforation", "Bowel infarction", "Bacterial pneumonia"], "Effects": ["Coagulating toxin"], "Parents": ["Septicaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Arcuate field defect", "Synonyms": ["Arcuate scotoma"], "Causes": ["Chronic glaucoma"], "Parents": ["Visual field loss"]}
,{"Name": "Type I diabetes mellitus", "Synonyms": ["IDDM", "Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus"], "Causes": ["HLA-DR4", "HLA-DR3", "Endocrine autoimmune disease", "Pancreatic insufficiency", "Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Type I polyglandular syndrome", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Glucagonoma"], "Effects": ["Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Weight loss"], "Parents": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Acquired childhood disease"], "Description": ["\"99% have diabetic retinopathy after 15 years\n50% have proliferative retinopathy after 20 years\nNephropathy (macroalbuminuria) occurs in 25%", "always before 20 years\""]}
,{"Name": "Suicidal ideation", "Synonyms": ["Suicidal thought", "Suicidal intent", "Ideas of suicide"], "Causes": ["Depression", "Anorexia nervosa", "Low self-esteem"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Mental retardation", "Synonyms": ["Mental deficiency", "Intellectual impairment", "Low IQ", "Mental handicap", "Learning difficulty", "Intellectual failure", "Educationally subnormal", "ESN"], "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Cretinism", "Premature birth", "Fetal alcohol syndrome", "Kernicterus", "Cortical hamartoma", "DiGeorge syndrome", "Homocystinuria", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Fragile X syndrome", "Williams syndrome", "Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Edward's syndrome", "Cornelia de Lange syndrome", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Copper deficiency", "Fanconi anaemia", "Myotonic dystrophy", "Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome", "Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism", "Cerebral lesion", "Autism spectrum disorder", "Cri-du-chat syndrome", "XYY syndrome", "Albright's osteodystrophy", "Batten disease", "Mucopolysaccharidosis", "Fucosidosis", "WAGR syndrome", "Sturge-Weber syndrome", "Schindler disease", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Cat eye syndrome", "Farber disease", "Aicardi syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX", "Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome", "Canavan disease", "Albinism and Neurolgical deficit", "Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Methaemoglobinaemia", "Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia", "McLeod syndrome", "Dravet syndrome", "West syndrome", "Hypomelanosis of Ito"], "Effects": ["Cognitive disturbance"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom", "Childhood mental disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Epididymitis", "Causes": ["Gonorrhoea", "Chlamydial veneral infection"], "Effects": ["Testicular pain", "Groin pain"]}
,{"Name": "Infective gastroenteritis", "Causes": ["Food poisoning", "Contaminated water", "Opportunistic gut infection"], "Effects": ["Diarrhoea", "Nausea and vomiting", "Subtotal villous atrophy", "Acute abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology", "Upper gastrointestinal pathology", "Childhood infections"], "Children": ["Viral gastroenteritis", "Bacterial gastroenteritis", "Gut parasite", "Food poisoning"], "Description": ["\"diaorh\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Periorbital ecchymosis", "Causes": ["Orbital blowout fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Ciliary dysmotility", "Synonyms": ["Ciliary dyskinesia"], "Causes": ["Primary ciliary dyskinesia", "Young syndrome"], "Effects": ["Chronic pulmonary infection"]}
,{"Name": "Primitive reflex", "Causes": ["Frontal release"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Children": ["Rooting reflex", "Grasp reflex", "Snout reflex"]}
,{"Name": "Sebaceous cyst", "Effects": ["Face lump"]}
,{"Name": "Howell-Jolly bodies", "Synonyms": ["Howell Jollly bodies"], "Causes": ["Hyposplenism"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Staccato speech", "Causes": ["Multiple sclerosis", "Charcot's neurological triad"], "Description": ["\"Pauses between words\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypercapnia", "Synonyms": ["Carbon dioxide retention", "CO2 retention", "Raised pCO2", "Hypercarbia"], "Causes": ["Respiratory acidosis", "Hypoventilatory respiratory failure", "Blue bloater", "Meconium aspiration"], "Effects": ["Peripheral vasodilatation", "Bounding pulse", "Asterixis", "Delirium", "Sinus tachycardia", "Papilloedema", "Drowsiness", "Coma"], "Parents": ["Blood gas investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Follicular lymphoma", "Effects": ["Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Non-hodgkin lymphoma"], "Description": ["\"t(14;18) translocation\""]}
,{"Name": "Tension headache", "Parents": ["Primary headache disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Ureto-sigmoid anastomosis", "Synonyms": ["Ureterosigmoidostomy"], "Effects": ["Colorectal carcinoma", "Bicarbonate loss", "Malignant transformation", "Hyperchloraemic acidosis"], "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Synonyms": ["COPD", "Chronic obstructive airways disease", "COAD"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking", "Klinefelter syndrome"], "Effects": ["Cough", "Mucoid sputum", "Polyphonic wheeze", "Breathlessness", "Hyperinflation", "Reduced forced expiratory volume in 1s", "Decreased peak expiratory flow", "Pneumatosis coli", "Thrombotic pulmonary embolus", "Early Inspiratory crepitation", "Organic mood disorder"], "Parents": ["Obstructive pulmonary disease"], "Children": ["Pink puffer", "Blue bloater", "Chronic bronchitis", "Emphysema"], "Treatments": ["Salbutamol", "Ipratropium", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Raised D-dimer", "Synonyms": ["High D-dimer", "Raised fibrinogen degradation products", "Raised FDP", "High FDP", "Raised cross-linked degradation products", "High crosslinked degradation products", "High XDP", "High D dimer"], "Causes": ["Thrombosis"], "Parents": ["Haematological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Corneal arcus", "Synonyms": ["Arcus senilis"], "Causes": ["Hypercholesterolaemia", "Tangier disease", "Alport syndrome"], "Parents": ["Corneal sign"], "Description": ["\"Normal over 40 years old\""]}
,{"Name": "Decreased gut motility", "Causes": ["Ileus", "Hypothyroidism", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Sympathomimetic", "Depression", "Decreased smooth muscle excitability", "Myotonic dystrophy"], "Effects": ["Constipation", "Abdominal distension"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"], "Children": ["Ileus"]}
,{"Name": "Pneumonic plague", "Parents": ["Yersinia pestis"]}
,{"Name": "Achalasia cardia", "Synonyms": ["Cardiospasm", "Oesophageal dyssynergia", "Megaoesophagus"], "Causes": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Lesion to Auerbach plexus", "Trypanosoma cruzi", "Adrenal insufficiency alacrima and achalasia syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dysphagia", "Bird's beak appearance", "Carcinoma of oesophagus"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology"], "Treatments": ["Propantheline", "Nifedipine", "Glyceryl trinitrate", "Metoclopramide", "Benzodiazepine", "Botulinum toxin", "Oesophageal dilatation", "Cardiomyotomy", "Anticholinergic drug", "Antimuscarinic drug"], "Description": ["\"Impaired peristalsis\nDysphagia for liquids and not solids\n75% cured by cardiomyotomy\n\nEsophageal manometry: \n  -Incomplete LES relaxation in response to swallowing", "-high resting LES pressure", "-absent esophageal peristalsis \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Complement", "Causes": ["Elevated serum acute phase proteins"]}
,{"Name": "Actiretin", "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Prune-belly sequence", "Causes": ["Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Fat embolus", "Synonyms": ["Fat embolism", "Fat emboli"], "Causes": ["Orthopaedic surgery", "Long bone fracture", "Crush Injury"], "Effects": ["Adult respiratory distress syndrome"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary embolus"]}
,{"Name": "Blue bloater", "Causes": ["Chronic bronchitis"], "Effects": ["Chronic hypoxia", "Hypercapnia", "Oedema"], "Parents": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"]}
,{"Name": "Cavernous sinus thrombosis", "Causes": ["Orbital cellulitis", "Acute mastoiditis"], "Effects": ["Cavernous sinus lesion", "Proptosis", "Chemosis"], "Parents": ["Venous thrombosis"]}
,{"Name": "Cholelithiasis", "Synonyms": ["Gall stones", "Gallstones"], "Causes": ["Female gender", "Obesity", "Pregnancy", "Diabetes mellitus", "Old age", "Hyperbilirubinaemia", "Bile salt malabsorption", "Crohn's disease", "Haemolysis", "Cirrhosis", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Clofibrate", "Cigarette smoking", "Cholestyramine", "Cystic fibrosis", "Total parenteral nutrition", "Saint's Triad"], "Effects": ["Cholecystitis", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Common bile duct obstruction", "Ascending cholangitis", "Acute pancreatitis", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Gall stone ileus", "Empyema gall bladder", "Saint's Triad"], "Parents": ["Hepatobiliary pathology"], "Treatments": ["Ursodeoxycholic acid", "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography", "Weight loss"], "Description": ["\" Cholesterol stones = 75% of all gallstones.\n Pigment stones = 25%\n\nCholesterol stones  associated with: \n -obesity\n -diabetes \n -female gender\n -childbearing. \n\nPigment stones  associated with: \n   - haemolysis. \n  - cirrhosis of the liver: Splenomegaly causes red cell sequestration. \n -  50% of cirrhotic patients have pigment gallstones. \""]}
,{"Name": "Retained placenta", "Effects": ["Post-partum haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Rapid onset dystonia parkinsonism", "Synonyms": ["DYT12"], "Causes": ["ATP1A3 gene mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Chemotherapy", "Parents": ["Oncological Therapy"], "Children": ["Chemotheraputic drug", "Hormonal manipulation", "Radioiodine therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia", "Synonyms": ["LIP", "Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis"], "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome"], "Effects": ["Lymphocytic bronchoalveolar lavage"], "Parents": ["Interstitial pneumonitis"]}
,{"Name": "Positive pathergy test", "Causes": ["Behcet disease", "Sweet disease", "Pyoderma gangrenosum"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Description": ["\"Skin hypersensitivity to needle puncture\""]}
,{"Name": "Parotid pleiomorphic adenoma", "Synonyms": ["Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid", "Mixed tumourof parotid"], "Causes": ["Irradiation"], "Effects": ["Lobulated", "Eversion of ear lobe", "Lump Superficial to maseter"], "Parents": ["Parotid tumour", "Benign neoplasm", "Salivary gland tumours", "Neck lump"], "Treatments": ["Superficial parotidectomy"], "Description": ["\"Benign\nSurrounded by fibrous pseudocapsule.\nHistology = Epithelial and myoepithelial elements (pleomorphic)\nArise form superficial parotid.\n\nCan recur after resection.\n\nMalignant transformation in 10%\""]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary bulla", "Causes": ["Emphysema"], "Effects": ["Cavitating lung lesion", "Decreased vital capacity"]}
,{"Name": "Raloxifene", "Treats": ["Osteoporosis"], "Description": ["\"selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that may also replace estrogen therapy.\""]}
,{"Name": "Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma", "Effects": ["Ichthyosis"], "Parents": ["Intra-abdominal malignancy"], "Treatments": ["Imatinib"]}
,{"Name": "Acoustic neuroma", "Synonyms": ["Acoustic glioma", "Vestibular schwannoma", "Cerebellopontine angle tumour", "CPA tumour"], "Causes": ["Bilateral acoustic neuroma", "Neurofibromatosis I"], "Effects": ["Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy", "Facial nerve palsy", "Trigeminal neuralgia", "Cerebellar lesion", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Posterior fossa space occupying lesion", "Trigeminal neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Neurological tumour", "Ear nose and throat neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Bone marrow transplant", "Effects": ["Rigor"], "Treats": ["Osteopetrosis", "Aplastic anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Brain herniation", "Synonyms": ["Intracranial herniation"], "Causes": ["Raised intracranial pressure"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"], "Children": ["Herniation of uncus", "Herniation of cerebellar tonsils", "Coning of medulla"]}
,{"Name": "Claw toes", "Causes": ["Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Tenosynovitis", "Causes": ["Gonorrhoea", "Repetitive stress injury"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperpigmented iris", "Causes": ["Nail-patella syndrome"], "Parents": ["Iris sign"]}
,{"Name": "Breast surgery", "Effects": ["Fat necrosis"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Lumpectomy", "Mastectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Pelvic infection", "Effects": ["Menorrhagia"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological infection"], "Children": ["Pelvic inflammatory disease"]}
,{"Name": "Low fat diet", "Parents": ["Diet"], "Treats": ["Hyperlipidaemia", "Insufficient digestive enzymes"]}
,{"Name": "Acyclovir", "Parents": ["Antiviral agent"], "Treats": ["Genital herpes", "Venereal disease", "Infectious mononucleosis", "Herpes virus"]}
,{"Name": "VHL gene mutation", "Synonyms": ["Ubiquitin gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Von Hippel-Lindau disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 3p25.3\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Glioblastoma multiforme", "Parents": ["Neurological tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Neurofibrillary tangle", "Synonyms": ["NFT"], "Causes": ["Alzheimer disease"], "Parents": ["Ubiquitin inclusion body", "Brain biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Salmonella paratyphi", "Effects": ["Paratyphoid fever"], "Parents": ["Salmonella"]}
,{"Name": "Greater than 0.5% ring forms", "Causes": ["Plasmodium falciparum"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo", "Synonyms": ["Benign positional vertigo", "BPPV", "BPV"], "Effects": ["Vertigo", "Fall in elderly"], "Treatments": ["Epley manoeuvre", "Semont manoeuvre"]}
,{"Name": "Raymond-Cestan syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Basilar artery branch occlusion"], "Effects": ["Quadriplegia", "Nystagmus", "Sensory level"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Stupor", "Causes": ["Depression", "Schizophrenia", "Hysteria", "Organic catatonic disorder", "Alcohol", "Drug toxicity", "Hypoglycaemia", "Hyperglycaemia", "Hypertensive encephalopathy", "Reye syndrome", "Cerebral lesion", "Raised intracranial pressure"], "Effects": ["Altered sensorium", "Unresponsiveness"], "Parents": ["Dissociation"], "Description": ["\"almost entirely unresponsive and only responds to base stimuli such as pain\n\nDifferential Diagnosis:\nSTUPOR\t\nAltered sensorium.\t\nMinimal reaction to external stimuli.\n\nDELIRIUM\nAltered sensorium.\nExaggerated reactions to external stimuli.\n\nCOMA\t\nAltered sensorium.\nReflex reactions to external stimuli.\n\nDEMENTIA\nClear sensorium.\t\nInteractions generally appropriate.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "dactinomycin", "Treats": ["Wilm's tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Enterobacter cloacae", "Parents": ["Enterobacteriaceae"]}
,{"Name": "Gynaecological infection", "Parents": ["Gynaecology", "Local infection", "Gynaecological disease"], "Children": ["Pelvic infection", "Bacterial Vaginosis", "Vulval infection", "Tubo-ovarian abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Insulin", "Effects": ["Potassium redistribution", "Hyperinsulinaemia", "Insulin neuritis"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Hormone"], "Treats": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Myocardial infarction", "Chronic pancreatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Tetany", "Synonyms": ["Tetanic neuropathy", "Muscle depoarisation"], "Causes": ["Hypocalcaemia", "Alkalosis", "Pseudohypoparathyroidism", "Strychnine toxicity", "Hypokalaemia", "Albright's osteodystrophy", "Tetanus", "Hypomagnesaemia"], "Effects": ["Stridor", "Carpopedal spasm", "Convulsion", "Cramp", "Dystonia", "Chvostek sign", "Trousseau sign", "Opisthotonus"]}
,{"Name": "Reflex sign", "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Mixed motor weakness", "Hyperreflexia", "Hyporeflexia", "Absent ankle jerk", "Babinski sign positive", "Schaefer reflex", "Gordon reflex positive", "Rossolimo sign", "Oppenheim sign", "Mayer sign", "Wartenberg sign", "Hoffman reflex", "Bing reflex", "Chaddock reflex", "Gonda reflex", "Pendular knee jerk", "Slow-relaxing reflex", "Primitive reflex", "Pout reflex"]}
,{"Name": "Duodenal atresia", "Causes": ["Down syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hydramnios"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Loop diuretic", "Effects": ["Hypokalaemia"], "Parents": ["Diuretic"], "Children": ["Frusemide"]}
,{"Name": "Low ankle brachial pressure index", "Synonyms": ["Low ABPI"], "Causes": ["Limb ischaemia", "Buerger disease"], "Parents": ["Blood pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Football sign", "Causes": ["Pneumoperitoneum"], "Parents": ["Abdominal X-ray sign"], "Description": ["\"Oval lucency of entire abdominal cavity", "with vertical falciform ligament representing seam. Seen in infants.\""]}
,{"Name": "Drug abuse", "Synonyms": ["Drug addiction"], "Causes": ["Abused drug"], "Effects": ["Coma", "Meconium aspiration", "Premature birth"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Intravenous drug abuse"]}
,{"Name": "Erythema ab igne", "Synonyms": ["Granny's tartan"], "Causes": ["Hot water bottle", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Chronic pancreatitis"], "Effects": ["Squamous cell skin cancer"], "Parents": ["Erythema"], "Description": ["\" \""]}
,{"Name": "Maternal Transfer", "Effects": ["Hepatitis B"]}
,{"Name": "Zieve syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Zieve's syndrome"], "Causes": ["Alcohol withdrawal"], "Effects": ["Extravascular haemolysis", "Hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Acanthocytosis"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Myelofibrosis", "Causes": ["Polycythaemia rubra vera", "JAK2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Bone marrow infiltration", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Acellular bone marrow", "Raised leucocyte alkaline phosphatase", "Poikilocytosis"], "Parents": ["Myeloproliferative disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Iron malabsorption", "Synonyms": ["Impaired Fe absorption"], "Causes": ["Sprue", "Diarrhoea", "Achlorhydria", "Tannate", "Carbonate", "Oxalate", "Hookworm", "Malabsorption state"], "Effects": ["Iron deficiency anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Trichotillomania", "Effects": ["Non-scarring alopecia"], "Description": ["\"Pulling out one's own hair!\""]}
,{"Name": "Uterine rupture", "Causes": ["Caesarian section"], "Effects": ["Dystocia", "Fetal tachycardia", "Absent fetal heart sounds", "Ante-partum haemorrhage", "Post-partum haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"], "Treatments": ["Laparotomy"], "Description": ["\"typically occurs during active labor\""]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous scarring", "Synonyms": ["Scarred skin", "Cicatrix", "Cicatrice"], "Causes": ["Dermatitis", "Psoriasis", "Acne rosacea", "Cutaneous leishmaniasis", "Acne vulgaris"], "Effects": ["Hypopigmented skin", "Ectropion"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Petit mal", "Synonyms": ["Absence", "Absence seizure"], "Parents": ["Epileptic seizure", "Complex seizure"]}
,{"Name": "Phenacetin", "Effects": ["Renal cell carcinoma", "Analgesic nephropathy"], "Parents": ["Analgesic drug"], "Description": ["\"Effects :\n- analgesic action via the sensory tracts of spinal cord. \n- antipyretic", "acting on  brain to decrease the temperature set point.\n\nUsage declined because of adverse effects:\n- increased risk of renal cancer.\n- analgesic nephropathy\n\nMetabolised in the body to paracetamol.\n\nBanned by FDA in 1983.\nStill available as a prescription medication in some countries", "particularly in Europe. \nUsed by gangs in UK to dilute cocaine. The two drugs have a close physical resemblance. \""]}
,{"Name": "Mononeuropathy", "Synonyms": ["Nerve palsy", "Single nerve palsy", "Nerve damage", "Nerve lesion"], "Causes": ["Mononeuritis multiplex", "Hereditory neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy"], "Children": ["Ulnar nerve palsy", "Brachial plexus lesion", "Cranial nerve palsy", "Bell palsy", "Common peroneal nerve palsy", "Sciatic nerve palsy", "Median neuropathy", "Erb's palsy", "Long thoracic nerve palsy", "Entrapment neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Disinhibition", "Synonyms": ["Loss of inhibition", "Impulsivity", "Impulsive behaviour"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric sign", "Cognitive disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Schneider first rank criterion", "Causes": ["Schizophrenia"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric sign"], "Children": ["Delusional perception", "Third person auditory hallucination", "Thought insertion", "Thought withdrawal", "Thought broadcasting"]}
,{"Name": "Referred cardiac pain", "Parents": ["Referred pain"]}
,{"Name": "Use of accessory respiratory muscles", "Causes": ["Dyspnoea"]}
,{"Name": "Oral water", "Effects": ["Hyponatraemia"], "Parents": ["Drink"], "Treats": ["Dehydration"]}
,{"Name": "Xanthoma", "Effects": ["Subcutaneous nodule"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Eruptive xanthoma", "Tuberous xanthoma", "Tendon xanthoma", "Palmar xanthoma", "Xanthelasma"], "Description": ["\"Foamy histiocytes within dermis\""]}
,{"Name": "Limb sensory loss", "Causes": ["Limb ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Pentavalent antimony", "Synonyms": ["Pentavalent antimonial", "Sb5+", "Sb 5+"], "Parents": ["Heavy metal"], "Treats": ["Cutaneous leishmaniasis", "Leishmania donovani", "Kala-azar"]}
,{"Name": "Omphalocoele", "Synonyms": ["Omphalocele", "Exomphalos"], "Causes": ["Patau syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Carey-Coombs murmur", "Causes": ["Rheumatic fever"], "Effects": ["Mid-diastolic murmur"], "Parents": ["Diastolic murmur"], "Description": ["\"Transient late diastolic mitral murmur\ndue to mitral valvulitis from acute rheumatic fever\""]}
,{"Name": "Mycoplasma genitalium", "Effects": ["Urethritis", "Reiter's syndrome", "Non- gonococcal urethritis"], "Parents": ["Mycoplasmal infection"]}
,{"Name": "Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation", "Synonyms": ["NBIA"], "Parents": ["Neurodegenerative disorder"], "Children": ["Hallevorden-Spatz disease"]}
,{"Name": "Brodie abscess", "Causes": ["Acute Osteomyelitis"], "Parents": ["Pyogenic abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Water", "Effects": ["Specific phobia"]}
,{"Name": "Inhalation anthrax", "Synonyms": ["Inhalational anthrax", "Pulmonary anthrax"], "Causes": ["Farming"], "Effects": ["Mediastinitis", "Hilar lymphadenopathy", "Bloody pleural effusion"], "Parents": ["Anthrax"], "Treatments": ["Penicillin", "Ciprofloxacin"], "Description": ["\"occurs in textile and tanning industries \namong workers handling contaminated animal wool", "hair", "and hides.\""]}
,{"Name": "Knee replacement", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Group A streptococcus", "Synonyms": ["Lancefield group A streptococcus", "Streptococcus pyogenes", "Strep pyogenes"], "Effects": ["Tonsillitis", "Erysipelas", "Scarlet fever", "Cellulitis", "Septic arthritis", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "Paronychia", "Erythema multiforme", "Necrotising fasciitis"], "Parents": ["Beta haemolytic streptococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Colonic polyp", "Synonyms": ["Polyposis coli", "Colonic polyposis", "Gastrointestinal polyposis"], "Causes": ["Familial adenomatous polyposis coli", "Gardener's syndrome", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Cronkhite-Canada syndrome", "Turcot syndrome", "Cowden disease", "Pneumatosis coli"], "Effects": ["Colorectal carcinoma", "Chronic blood loss"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology", "Polyp"]}
,{"Name": "Haemopericardium", "Synonyms": ["Intrapericardial haemorrhage"], "Causes": ["Ruptured ventricular aneurysm", "Bleeding disorder"], "Effects": ["Cardiac tamponade"], "Parents": ["Pericardial disease"]}
,{"Name": "Compression of peripheral nerve", "Causes": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis", "Benign neoplasm"], "Effects": ["Entrapment neuropathy", "Radial nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Hand-Schueller-Christian syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Hand-Sch\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdller-Christian disease"], "Parents": ["Langerhans cell histiocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Ringed sideroblast", "Synonyms": ["Ring sideroblasts"], "Causes": ["Refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts", "Myelodysplastic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Blood film", "Bone marrow sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cytokine", "Parents": ["Hormone"], "Children": ["Inflammatory cytokine", "Interleukin-3", "Interleukin-4", "Interleukin-5", "Interleukin-7", "Interleukin-8", "Interleukin-9", "Transforming growth factor-beta", "Granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor", "Beta-chemokine", "Platelet-derived growth factor", "Interferon alpha", "Interferon gamma", "Tumour necrosis factor beta", "Interferon beta"]}
,{"Name": "Respiratory depression", "Causes": ["Narcotic", "Respiratory alkalosis", "Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Ludwig angina", "Synonyms": ["Ludwig's angina", "Submaxillary cellulitis", "Sublingual cellulitis", "Submandibular cellulitis"], "Causes": ["Pharyngitis", "Dental abscess"], "Parents": ["Cellulitis"]}
,{"Name": "Verner-Morrison syndrome", "Synonyms": ["VIP-oma", "VIPoma", "Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-secreting tumour"], "Causes": ["Pancreatic islet tumour"], "Effects": ["Watery diarrhoea", "Hypokalaemia", "Achlorhydria"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"]}
,{"Name": "Soft tissue infection", "Parents": ["Local infection"], "Children": ["Wound infection", "Abscess", "Cellulitis", "Erysipelas", "Gas gangrene", "Necrotising fasciitis", "Orbital cellulitis", "Impetigo", "Leg ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Metabolic neuropathy", "Causes": ["Diabetic neuropathy", "Uraemia", "Chronic liver disease", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Hypothyroidism", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Hypereosinophilic syndrome", "Refsum disease", "Insulinoma", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Effects": ["Peripheral neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary pathology", "Synonyms": ["Lung pathology", "Respiratory pathology"], "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Parenchymal lung disease", "Consolidation", "Pulmonary embolus", "Pleural pathology", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis", "Mycetoma", "Pneumonia", "Respiratory failure", "Pulmonary hypertension", "Lymphangioleiomyomatosis", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Pneumoconiosis", "Tuberculous cavitation", "Upper respiratory tract infection"]}
,{"Name": "Intercostal recession", "Causes": ["Dyspnoea"]}
,{"Name": "Macrognathia", "Causes": ["Acromegaly", "Paget disease", "Gigantism", "Leontiasis ossea", "Hereditary macrognathia"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Upward slanting palpebral fissures", "Synonyms": ["Upwards-slanting eyes"], "Causes": ["Down syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Semi-purposeful movement", "Causes": ["Chorea", "Pseudoathetosis", "Hemiballismus"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Cardiopulmonary bypass", "Effects": ["Adult respiratory distress syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Slowed conduction velocity", "Synonyms": ["Slow conduction velocity"], "Causes": ["Demyelination of peripheral nerve"], "Parents": ["Neurophysiological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Essential hypertension", "Causes": ["African origin", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Diastolic rise on standing", "Hypertension"], "Description": ["\"BP > 140 / 85\""]}
,{"Name": "Ureteric perforation", "Causes": ["Endoscopic ureterolithotomy", "Gynaecological surgery"], "Effects": ["Extravasation of urine"]}
,{"Name": "Peripheral cyanosis", "Synonyms": ["Cyanotic peripheries"], "Causes": ["Major pulmonary embolus", "Central cyanosis", "Raynaud phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Cyanosis"]}
,{"Name": "Manganese", "Synonyms": ["Mn"], "Effects": ["Parkinsonism"], "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Treats": ["Manganese deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Asherman syndrome", "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea"], "Description": ["\"Uterine adhesions after dilatation and curettage\""]}
,{"Name": "Tinea capitis", "Synonyms": ["Kerion", "Ringworm of head"], "Effects": ["Scarring alopecia", "Non-scarring alopecia"], "Parents": ["Ringworm infection", "Fungal infections of skin"]}
,{"Name": "Jerk nystagmus", "Parents": ["Nystagmus"]}
,{"Name": "Bowed legs", "Causes": ["Rickets", "Acromegaly"], "Parents": ["Lower limb symptom", "Orthopaedic symptom", "Observation sign"], "Children": ["Sabre tibia"]}
,{"Name": "Liver metastasis", "Synonyms": ["Liver mets"], "Causes": ["Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Ovarian tumour", "Carcinoma of breast", "Testicular tumour", "Malignant melanoma", "Intra-abdominal malignancy", "Hepatoblastoma"], "Effects": ["Abdominal mass", "Irregular liver edge", "Hard nodular liver", "Abdominal arterial bruit", "Tender hepatomegaly", "Chronic liver disease", "Hepatic vein compression", "Hepatic friction rub"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of liver", "Liver disease", "Metastasis"], "Description": ["\"Liver secondaries\n\nAmenable to resection  = 20%\n\nResectable if:\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Limited number of lesions.\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Intrahepatic locations of lesions.\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Lack of major vascular involvement.\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Absent of extrahepatic disease.\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Sufficient functional hepatic reserve\n\n\nSloane Kettering results 2013 \nResection + Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy\n   5yr survival =50%\n  10yrs survival =30%\n\nFollowing resection", "recurrence will occur in70 %. \nHence the need for Arterial chemotherapy.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypersegmented granulocytes", "Synonyms": ["Hypersegmented neutrophils"], "Causes": ["Megaloblastic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Moyamoya disease", "Causes": ["Prinzmetal angina"], "Description": ["\"Circle of Willis occlusion due to intimal thickening\""]}
,{"Name": "Murphy sign positive", "Causes": ["Cholecystitis"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"], "Description": ["\"Catches breath on inspiration when pressure under tip of 9th costal cartilege\""]}
,{"Name": "Thromboangiitis obliterans", "Synonyms": ["Thromboangitis obliterans"], "Effects": ["Allen test positive"]}
,{"Name": "Flucloxacillin", "Parents": ["Penicillin"], "Treats": ["Staphylococcus aureus", "Acute Osteomyelitis"]}
,{"Name": "Ruptured coronary artery aneurysm", "Causes": ["Coronary artery aneurysm"], "Parents": ["Aneurysmal rupture"]}
,{"Name": "Poikilocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Poikilocyte", "Teardrop cell", "Tear-shaped cell", "Tear cell"], "Causes": ["Iron deficiency anaemia", "Myelofibrosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Type I cryoglobulinaemia", "Synonyms": ["Monoclonal cryoglobulinaemia"], "Causes": ["Myeloma", "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Cryoglobulinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "EPOR gene mutation", "Synonyms": ["erythrocytosis"], "Effects": ["Hereditary erythrocytosis"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 19p13.3-p13.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyperkalaemia", "Synonyms": ["High potassium", "High K+"], "Causes": ["Oliguric renal failure", "Potassium-sparing diuretic", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Metabolic acidosis", "Potassium therapy", "Multiple transfusion", "Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor", "Artefactual high potassium", "Decreased aldosterone", "Tumour lysis syndrome", "HIV-associated nephropathy", "Banana", "Tomato", "Type IV renal tubule acidosis", "Blood transfusion", "Crush Injury syndrome"], "Effects": ["Right bundle branch block", "Tall tented T-wave", "Small P-wave", "Wide QRS complex", "Asystole", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Electrolyte imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "XYY syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Supermale", "47`XYY karyotype"], "Effects": ["Tall stature", "Mental retardation", "Acne vulgaris", "Antisocial behaviour"], "Parents": ["Trisomy"], "Description": ["\"incidence 1:1000\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Bisferiens pulse", "Synonyms": ["Bisferious pulse", "Double pulse"], "Causes": ["Mixed aortic valve disease"], "Parents": ["Carotid pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "PIGA gene mutation", "Effects": ["Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xp22.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Durkan test", "Causes": ["Carpal tunnel syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Description": ["\"Pressure over carpal tunnel causes paraesthesia\""]}
,{"Name": "Carotid body tumour", "Parents": ["Neck lump"]}
,{"Name": "Propriospinal myoclonus", "Parents": ["Myoclonus"], "Children": ["Micturition myoclonus"]}
,{"Name": "Cyclospora", "Parents": ["Protozoan infection", "Opportunistic gut infection", "Opportunistic infection"]}
,{"Name": "Kernicterus", "Causes": ["Premature birth", "Polycythaemia", "Erythroblastosis fetalis", "Haemolytic anaemia", "Biliary atresia", "Dubin-Johnson syndrome", "Rotor syndrome", "Crigler-Najjar syndrome", "Sulphamethoxazole"], "Effects": ["Absent startle reflex", "Drowsiness", "High pitched cry", "Opisthotonus", "Chorea", "Torsion dystonia", "Rigidity", "Seizure", "Mental retardation"], "Parents": ["Jaundice"], "Description": ["\"\n\nKernicterus= bilirubin induced brain dysfunction. \nBilirubin is highly neurotoxic \n\nkernicterus = \"yellow kern", "\"\nkern = ie most commonly afflicted region of the brain (ie", "the nuclear region).\n \""]}
,{"Name": "Dysmorphic facies", "Synonyms": ["Facial grotesqueness", "Facial dysmorphism", "Dysmorphic appearance"], "Causes": ["Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome", "Aspartylglucosaminuria", "Fucosidosis"], "Effects": ["Cosmetic disfigurement"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Narrow palpebral fissures", "Causes": ["Fetal alcohol syndrome", "DiGeorge syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hypomagnesemia", "Treatments": ["Magnesium sulfate"]}
,{"Name": "Genetic imprinting", "Parents": ["Mutation"], "Children": ["Angelman syndrome", "Prader-Willi syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome"], "Description": ["\"We each get two copies of every gene - one copy from each of our parents. \nBut what happens when one of these genes has been \"turned off\"", "or imprinted", "and the remaining gene is defective?\""]}
,{"Name": "Bats wing shadowing", "Causes": ["Pulmonary hypertension", "Pulmonary oedema"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Leydig cell tumour", "Effects": ["Increased androgen secretion", "Reinke crystal"], "Parents": ["Testicular tumour", "Ovarian tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy", "Causes": ["Bronchial carcinoma", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Hodgkin lymphoma"], "Effects": ["Neck swelling", "Troisier's sign"], "Parents": ["Localised lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Angioplasty", "Parents": ["Angiographic procedure"]}
,{"Name": "PTEN gene mutation", "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Trichiasis", "Effects": ["Red eye", "Epiphora"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Treatments": ["Electrolysis"], "Description": ["\"Misalignment of eyelashes", "which rub against the eyeball", "in a patient with no enteropion.\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Gentamicin", "Synonyms": ["Gentamycin"], "Effects": ["Hypokalaemia", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Aminoglycoside"], "Treats": ["Bubonic plague"]}
,{"Name": "GLUT-1 mutation", "Synonyms": ["Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency"], "Effects": ["Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Low blink rate", "Causes": ["Bradykinesia"]}
,{"Name": "Antimetabolite", "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Children": ["Folate antagonist drug", "5-fluorouracil", "Purine analogue", "Hydroxyurea"], "Treats": ["Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin E deficiency", "Causes": ["Fat soluble vitamin deficiency", "Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome", "Premature birth"], "Effects": ["Hyporeflexia", "Ataxia", "Muscle weakness", "Haemolytic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Gynaecological pathology", "Synonyms": ["Gynae pathology"], "Parents": ["Gynaecology", "Pathology"], "Children": ["Endometrial polyp", "Ovarian tumour", "Gynaecological cancer", "Ovarian cyst", "Primary ovarian failure", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Testes in labia", "Torsion of ovarian cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Gynaecological haemorrhage", "Synonyms": ["PV bleeding", "Per vaginem bleeding"], "Effects": ["Acute blood loss"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom"], "Children": ["Ante-partum haemorrhage", "Post-partum haemorrhage", "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding", "Menstrual cycle", "Menorrhagia", "Post-menopausal bleeding"], "Treatments": ["Vasopressin analogue", "Misoprostol"]}
,{"Name": "Paroxysmal kinesogenic dyskinesia", "Synonyms": ["Paroxysmal kinesogenic dystonia", "PKD", "Paroxysmal kinesogenic choreoathetosis", "Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia"], "Parents": ["Dystonia"]}
,{"Name": "Tropical spastic paraplegia", "Causes": ["HTLV-1"], "Effects": ["Paraplegia"]}
,{"Name": "Immunosuppressed CMV infection", "Synonyms": ["Immunosuppressed cytomegalovirus infection"], "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Effects": ["Cytomegalovirus retinitis", "Viral gastroenteritis"], "Parents": ["Cytomegalovirus", "Opportunistic infection"]}
,{"Name": "Venous ulcer", "Causes": ["Varicose veins of leg", "Thrombophlebitis"], "Parents": ["Leg ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Placental insufficiency", "Effects": ["Low birth weight"]}
,{"Name": "Chlamydial veneral infection", "Effects": ["Non- gonococcal urethritis", "Epididymitis", "Vaginitis", "Cervicitis", "Pelvic inflammatory disease", "Chronic prostatitis"], "Parents": ["Chlamydial infection", "Venereal disease"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital malformation syndrome", "Effects": ["Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Congenital disease"], "Children": ["Fetal alcohol syndrome", "Congenital varicella syndrome", "Congenital rubella syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Impaired concentrating ability", "Causes": ["Diuretic", "Renal tubular damage", "Acute tubular necrosis", "Uraemia", "Diabetes insipidus", "Diabetes mellitus", "Hypercalcaemia", "Hyperglycaemia", "Bartter syndrome"], "Effects": ["Polyuria", "Polydipsia", "Nocturia", "Renal sodium and water loss"]}
,{"Name": "Mutism", "Synonyms": ["Mute"], "Causes": ["Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome", "Expressive aphasia"], "Parents": ["Cognitive disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Marfan syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Marfanism", "Marfanoid habitus"], "Causes": ["Homocystinuria", "FBN1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Tall stature", "Dolichocephaly", "Myopia", "Blue sclera", "Dislocation of lens", "High arched palate", "Micrognathia", "Dolichostenomelia", "Arachnodactyly", "Pectus excavatum", "Pectus carinatum", "Mitral valve prolapse", "Aortic regurgitation", "Aortic aneurysm", "Aortic dissection", "Pneumothorax", "Emphysema", "Scoliosis", "Berry aneurysm", "Inguinal hernia", "Femoral hernia", "Myxoid degeneration", "Chronic glaucoma", "Joint hypermobility", "Heterochromia of iris", "Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment", "Cystic medial necrosis", "Posterior scalloping", "Congenital cataract", "Large ears", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes", "Familial dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Genetic collagen disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"1:15", "000 fibrillin mutation\nArm span > height\n60% lens dislocation\""]}
,{"Name": "Virilisation", "Synonyms": ["Virilism", "Female pseudohermaphroditism"], "Causes": ["Increased androgen secretion", "Androgen"], "Effects": ["Hirsutism", "Clitoral enlargement", "Fused labia", "Amenorrhoea", "Deep voice", "Breast atrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Prostacyclin", "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Vascular drug"], "Treats": ["Primary pulmonary hypertension", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Threatened abortion"], "Description": ["\"Action:\r\ninhibits platelet activation \r\nVasodilator\r\n\r\nIndications:\r\nvasodilator in severe Raynaud's phenomenon or ischemia of a limb;\r\n in pulmonary hypertension\""]}
,{"Name": "Penicillin", "Effects": ["Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Impaired bacterial cell wall synthesis", "Erythema multiforme", "Warm antibody haemolysis", "Erythema nodosum", "Antibiotic altering bowel flora", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic", "Drug that decreases effect of warfarin"], "Children": ["Phenoxymethylpenicillin", "Benzylpenicillin", "Amoxycillin", "Ampicillin", "Flucloxacillin", "Piperacillin", "Ticarcillin"], "Treats": ["Streptobacillus", "Condyloma lata", "Inhalation anthrax", "Leptospira infection", "Rat-bite fever"]}
,{"Name": "Bright red", "Causes": ["Capillary haemangioma"]}
,{"Name": "Discoid lupus erythematosus", "Causes": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Effects": ["Scarring alopecia", "Photosensitivity"], "Treatments": ["Triamcinolone", "Betamethasone", "Dapsone", "Azathioprine", "Isotretinoin", "Thalidomide", "Dermatological drug"]}
,{"Name": "Whiplash", "Effects": ["Neck pain"]}
,{"Name": "Tender hepatomegaly", "Causes": ["Acute hepatitis", "Liver metastasis", "Systemic venous congestion", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Budd-Chiari syndrome", "Wilson's disease", "Liver abscess", "Congestive heart failure triad"], "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Hepatomegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Fungal meningitis", "Causes": ["Cryptococcus neoformans", "Meningeal candida", "Histoplasma capsulatum"], "Parents": ["Aseptic meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma", "Effects": ["Lymphomatoid papulosis"], "Parents": ["Lymphoma"], "Children": ["Mycosis fungoides", "Sezary syndrome", "Adult T-cell lymphoma"]}
,{"Name": "Diaminopyrimidine", "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Description": ["\"Impairs folate synthesis\""]}
,{"Name": "Urological Sign", "Children": ["Ambiguous genitalia", "Prostatic nodule"]}
,{"Name": "Branchial cyst", "Effects": ["Neck swelling"], "Parents": ["Cyst", "Head and neck malformation", "Neck lump", "Branchial arch malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Malignant transformation", "Causes": ["Benign neoplasm", "Congenital Giant Naevus", "Dysplastic Naevus", "Leukoplakia", "Actinic Keratoses", "Bowen disease", "Xeroderma pigmentosa", "Marjolin ulcer", "Barrett's oesophagus", "Chronic gastritis", "Menetrier disease", "Pernicious anaemia", "Familial adenomatous polyposis coli", "Cryptorchidism", "Ureto-sigmoid anastomosis", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Acquired renal cystic disease", "Gardener's syndrome"], "Effects": ["Malignancy"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-MAG antibody"], "Effects": ["POEMS syndrome"], "Parents": ["Anti-glycolipid antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Inability to walk", "Causes": ["Muscle weakness", "Arthralgia", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Astasia abasia", "X-linked tubular myopathy", "Congenital muscular dystrophy"], "Effects": ["Fall in elderly"], "Parents": ["Observation sign", "Neurological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Duplex ureters", "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Knife injury", "Effects": ["Stab injury"]}
,{"Name": "Corneal opacity", "Synonyms": ["Cloudy cornea"], "Causes": ["Superficial keratitis", "Interstitial keratitis", "Corneal calcification", "Corneal oedema", "Keratoconus", "Fuch's dystrophy", "Lattice corneal dystrophy", "Cornea verticillata", "Vitamin A deficiency", "Pterygium of the eye"], "Effects": ["Clouding of vision", "Monocular blindness", "Absent red reflex"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Drug that decreases effect of warfarin", "Parents": ["Drugs influencing anticoagulant therapy"], "Children": ["P450 enzyme inducer", "Cholestyramine", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Penicillin"]}
,{"Name": "Vulval burning", "Causes": ["Vulval irritation"]}
,{"Name": "Breast cyst", "Causes": ["Fibrocystic disease of the breast"], "Parents": ["Cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Glucocorticoid", "Parents": ["Corticosteroid"], "Children": ["Prednisolone", "Methylprednisolone", "Hydrocortisone", "Triamcinolone", "Betamethasone", "Beclomethasone", "Fluticasone"], "Treats": ["Atopic dermatitis", "Hay fever", "Asthma", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Anaphylaxis", "Septicaemia", "Cerebral oedema", "Spinal trauma", "Nasal polyp", "Polymyalgia rheumatica", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Temporal arteritis", "Dermatomyositis", "Polymyositis", "Crohn's disease", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Psoriasis", "Alopecia areata", "Lichen simplex", "Lichen planus", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Pemphigus vulgaris", "Prurigo nodularis", "Mycosis fungoides", "Cutaneous sarcoidosis", "Pretibial myxoedema", "Iridocyclitis", "Usual interstitial pneumonia", "Desquamative interstitial pneumonia", "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis", "Eosinophilic pneumonia", "Nephrotic syndrome", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Synechia", "Allergic rhinitis", "Interstitial keratitis", "Acute glaucoma", "Behcet disease", "Parainfluenza virus", "Infectious mononucleosis", "Trichinellosis", "Uveitis", "Phlycten", "Phlyctenular conjunctivitis"]}
,{"Name": "Pulsatile liver", "Causes": ["Tricuspid regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Early opening snap", "Causes": ["Severe mitral stenosis", "Mitral stenosis"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Ocular albinism", "Effects": ["Albinism"], "Children": ["Waardenburg syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Calipotriol", "Parents": ["Metabolic drug"], "Treats": ["Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Ciguatera", "Synonyms": ["Ciguatoxin"], "Causes": ["Raw fish"], "Effects": ["Vertigo", "Delirium", "Chronic gastritis", "Paraesthesia"], "Description": ["\"Barracuda", "Snapper", "Eels", "Groupers\nTropical reef fish\""]}
,{"Name": "Cheese worker's lung", "Parents": ["Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"], "Description": ["\"exposure to cheese mould", "Penicillium casei\""]}
,{"Name": "Tractional retinal detachment", "Parents": ["Retinal detachment"]}
,{"Name": "High bicarbonate", "Synonyms": ["Elevated plasma bicarbonate"], "Causes": ["Diuretic", "Respiratory acidosis", "Hypochloraemia", "Milk-alkali syndrome"], "Parents": ["Electrolyte imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Scaly skin", "Causes": ["Dermatitis", "Ichthyosis"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Fracture shaft of femur", "Parents": ["Long bone fracture"], "Treatments": ["Internal Fixation"]}
,{"Name": "Glioma", "Causes": ["Turcot syndrome"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm", "Childhood malignancy"], "Children": ["Optic nerve glioma"]}
,{"Name": "Phenoxybenzamine", "Parents": ["Alpha adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Goitrogen ingestion", "Effects": ["Goitre"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic occupational hand injury", "Causes": ["Vibrating tools", "Repetitive stress injury"], "Effects": ["Callus", "Hand trauma"]}
,{"Name": "Prostate cancer", "Synonyms": ["Carcinoma of prostate", "Ca prostate"], "Causes": ["Hispanic origin", "African origin", "Scandinavian descent", "Old age", "Polygenic inheritance", "BRCA2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Raised prostate specific antigen", "Prostatic enlargement", "Prostatic nodule", "Back pain", "Bone metastasis", "Sclerosis of bone", "Sclerotic bone lesion", "Bladder outflow obstruction", "Neoplastic coagulation factors", "Hypophosphataemia", "Cancers due to gene mutation"], "Parents": ["Urinary tract carcinoma", "Urological disease"], "Treatments": ["Radical prostatectomy", "Brachytherapy", "Radiotherapy", "Goserelin", "Flutamide", "Bicalutamide", "Leuprolein", "Gonadotropin analogue"], "Description": ["\"SPREAD:\nLocal - to seminal vesicles & rectum\nLymphatics- pelvic nodes\nBlood spread -axial skeleton\n\nDIAGNOSIS :\n1)  PSA > than 4 ng/dL(normal = 1-4ng/dL).\n     Abnormal digital rectal examination\n\n2) TRUS Biopsy:\n    Histology grading - Gleason scale     \n    Grades tumors on a scale of 1 through 5\n         Scores   2 - 5: Low-grade cancer.\n         Scores  6 - 7: Intermediate grade. (majority).\n        Scores   8 - 10: High-grade cancer\n\nSTAGING\nT1  Not palpable: \n    -Incidentally found in post TURP resected tissue or \n    -Identified by needle biopsy done for elevated PSA level\n T2  Palpable- Limited to prostate\n T3 - Extends through the prostatic capsule +/- seminal vesicle invasion\n T4  invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles\n\nTREATMENT\n1) Active surveillance:for asymptomatic patients > 70 with: \n     - low-risk localized prostate cancer or \n     - if other life-limiting disorders coexist\n\n2) Gleason grade < 7 and  PSA < 10 ng/L =  potentially curable. \n    - Radical prostatectomy", "or \n    - Brachytherapy", "or \n    - External beam radiation. \n\n3) High Gleason grade /High PSA/Bone mets = palliative\n     a) Hormone therapy \n         - LHRH agonists  - Gosrelin(Zoladex)\n        -  Anti androgens - Flutamide", "Bicalutamide (Casodex)\n     b) Palliative external beam radiation.\n\n\nSCREENING:\n -  risk of over-diagnosis and over-treatment \n   - PSA testing increases cancer detection but does not decrease mortality.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Oxycodone", "Parents": ["Opioid"]}
,{"Name": "Inguinal lymph node", "Synonyms": ["Inguinal lymphadenopathy", "Enlarged groin lymph nodes"], "Causes": ["Leg ulcer", "Genital herpes", "Chancroid"], "Effects": ["Groin swelling", "Pitting ankle oedema"]}
,{"Name": "Listeria monocytogenes", "Causes": ["Cheese"], "Effects": ["Bacterial meningitis", "Bacterial lymphocytic meningitis", "Endotoxin"], "Parents": ["Gram positive bacillus"], "Treatments": ["Ampicillin"]}
,{"Name": "Etoposide", "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug"], "Treats": ["Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Seminoma", "Teratoma", "Choriocarcinoma", "Ewing sarcoma"]}
,{"Name": "Meniere's disease", "Synonyms": ["Abnormal endolymph drainage", "Endolymphatic drainage abnormality"], "Effects": ["Vertigo", "Sensorineural deafness", "Tinnitus"], "Description": ["\"15% autoimmune aetiology\""]}
,{"Name": "Scarlet fever", "Causes": ["Group A streptococcus"], "Effects": ["Strawberry tongue", "Pastia line", "Palm and sole desquamation", "Raised ESR", "Raised antistreptolysin O titre", "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Rheumatic fever"], "Parents": ["Exotoxin syndrome", "Notifiable disease", "Contagious disease"]}
,{"Name": "Neuromuscular blockade", "Synonyms": ["Neuromuscular junction bock", "NMJ block"], "Causes": ["Myasthenia gravis", "Neuromuscular drug", "Eaton-Lambert syndrome", "Tricyclic antidepressant"], "Effects": ["Hyporeflexia", "Muscle weakness", "Flaccid paralysis"]}
,{"Name": "Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis", "Synonyms": ["FSGS"], "Causes": ["HIV-associated nephropathy", "Rheumatoid disease"], "Effects": ["Primary nephrotic glomerular disease"], "Parents": ["Glomerulonephritis"], "Description": ["\"Rx Steroids", "Ramipril", "Statin\""]}
,{"Name": "Bone marrow granuloma", "Synonyms": ["Bone marrow granulomatous disease"], "Effects": ["Bone marrow infiltration"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow sign"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchoalveolar lavage", "Synonyms": ["BAL"], "Parents": ["Bronchoscopy"], "Children": ["Neutrophilic bronchoalveolar lavage", "Lymphocytic bronchoalveolar lavage"]}
,{"Name": "Bowel hernia", "Effects": ["Bowel ischaemia", "Bowel perforation", "Bowel obstruction", "Small bowel obstruction"], "Parents": ["Hernia"], "Children": ["Surgical bowel hernia", "Inguinal hernia", "Hiatus hernia", "Umbilical hernia", "Femoral hernia", "Umblical hernia"]}
,{"Name": "Raised troponin", "Synonyms": ["High troponin"], "Causes": ["Myocardial infarction", "Pericarditis", "Myocarditis", "Pulmonary embolus", "Heart failure", "Renal failure", "Septicaemia"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Tumour embolisation", "Parents": ["Angiographic procedure"]}
,{"Name": "Kernig's sign", "Causes": ["Meningism"]}
,{"Name": "Skull fracture", "Effects": ["Extradural haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Asbestos inhalation", "Effects": ["Asbestosis", "Bronchial carcinoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx"], "Parents": ["Occupational hazard"], "Children": ["Chrysotile", "Crocidolite", "Amosite"], "Description": ["\"Fibrous magnesium silicates\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hormone replacement therapy", "Synonyms": ["HRT", "Hormonal replacement therapy"], "Effects": ["Endometrial hyperplasia", "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Carcinoma of breast"], "Treats": ["Premature menopause"]}
,{"Name": "Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Synonyms": ["Osler-Vaquez disease", "PCRV", "PRV", "Primary polycythaemia"], "Causes": ["JAK2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Polycythaemia", "Increased red cell turnover", "High alkaline phosphatase", "Myelofibrosis", "Acute myeloblastic leukaemia", "Low erythropoietin", "Interleukin-6", "Chronic headache", "Megakaryocyte", "Erythroid hyperplasia", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Chorea", "Plethoric face"], "Parents": ["Myeloproliferative disorder"], "Treatments": ["Hydroxyurea", "Venesection", "Busulphan", "Phosphorus-32"], "Description": ["\"Median age of onset 60yrs\n1:2 female preponderance\n70% have leucocytosis\n60% have a palpable spleen\n50% have thrombocytosis\n30% have chromosomal abnormalities\n10% develop myeloblastic leukaemia\n10% develop myelofibrosis\nMedian survival 10 years\nRx Venesection", "hydroxyurea", "busulphan", "32P\""]}
,{"Name": "FMR1 gene mutation", "Synonyms": ["Martin\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBell syndrome", "Escalante's syndrome"], "Effects": ["Fragile X syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq27.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Mutation", "Causes": ["Carcinogen", "Spontaneous mutation"], "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Children": ["Chromosome mutation", "Gene mutation", "Genetic imprinting", "Factor V mutation", "Non-dysjunction", "Robertsonian translocation", "Channelopathy", "Tau protein mutation", "Ubiquitin mutation", "Glial fibrillary acidic protein mutation", "Sarcomeric mutation", "ATP1A3 gene mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Ehrlichiosis", "Causes": ["Tic bite"], "Effects": ["Myalgia", "Immunosuppression", "Infective conjunctivitis", "Macular rash"], "Parents": ["Tic-borne bacterial disease"], "Treatments": ["Doxycycline"], "Description": ["\"Ehrlichiosis is a tickborne bacterial infection.\nCaused by bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae", "genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. \nThese obligate intracellular bacteria infect and kill white blood cells.\""]}
,{"Name": "Dental caries", "Parents": ["Acquired childhood disease"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal arteriovenous nipping", "Synonyms": ["AV nipping"], "Parents": ["Hypertensive retinopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Eye-of-the-tiger sign", "Synonyms": ["Eye of the tiger sign"], "Causes": ["Hallevorden-Spatz disease", "Calcification of basal ganglia"], "Parents": ["CT sign", "Brain MRI sign"], "Description": ["\"Iron deposition in the basal ganglia\""]}
,{"Name": "Surgery for intestinal adhesions", "Effects": ["Enterocutaneous fitsula"]}
,{"Name": "Frusemide", "Synonyms": ["Furosemide", "Lasix"], "Effects": ["Hypocalcaemia", "Osteoporosis", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Acute pancreatitis", "High urinary Potassium", "Ototoxicity"], "Parents": ["Loop diuretic"], "Treats": ["Hypercalcaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Hangover", "Causes": ["Migraine", "Alcohol"], "Effects": ["Secondary headache"]}
,{"Name": "Schistosoma mansoni", "Causes": ["Swimming in Lake Malawi"], "Parents": ["Schistosomiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Obstruction", "Causes": ["Benign neoplasm"], "Parents": ["Surgical pathology"], "Children": ["Bowel obstruction", "Common bile duct obstruction", "Ureteric obstruction", "Bladder outflow obstruction", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Post-obstructive polyuria"]}
,{"Name": "Stress incontinence", "Causes": ["Pregnancy", "Childbirth", "Episiotomy", "Post menopause", "Obesity"], "Parents": ["Urinary incontinence"], "Treatments": ["Pelvic floor exercises", "Duloxetine", "Transvaginal Tape", "Colposuspension", "Weight loss"], "Description": ["\"Conservative Management\n  - Pelvic floor muscle exercises \n  - Duloxetine\n\nSurgery:\n  - Periurethral injection of bulking agents eg. collagen\n  - Tension free - vaginal tape (TVT)\n  - Sling Procedure\n  - Colposuspension\""]}
,{"Name": "Endocrine fluid retention", "Synonyms": ["Endocrine water retention"], "Causes": ["Hyperaldosteronism", "Cushing syndrome", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "High oestriol", "Vasopressin analogue"], "Effects": ["Fluid overload"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic osteomyelitis", "Causes": ["Acute Osteomyelitis", "Tuberculous osteomyelitis"], "Effects": ["Sclerosis of bone"], "Parents": ["Osteomyelitis", "Chronic bacterial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Purine analogue", "Parents": ["Antimetabolite"], "Children": ["6-mercaptopurine", "Azathioprine"]}
,{"Name": "Buprenorphine", "Parents": ["Opioid"]}
,{"Name": "Terazosin", "Parents": ["Alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Wilm's tumour", "Synonyms": ["Nephroblastoma"], "Causes": ["Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "WAGR syndrome", "Female gender", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Abdominal distension", "Abdominal mass", "Haematuria", "Chronic abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Urological disease", "Congenital renal disease", "Childhood malignancy"], "Treatments": ["Vincristine", "Doxorubicin", "dactinomycin"], "Description": ["\"Incidence  0.01%\n\n90% diagnosed prior to age 6.\n\n95 %  unilateral\n5%    synchronous bilateral \n\nDerives from nephrogenic blastema cells:\n(pluripotent embyronic renal precursor cells)\n\nPROGNOSIS \n  - With treatment 80% survive long-term.\n\n  - Increased risk of second tumours in survivors: \n      -bone and soft-tissue sarcomas", "-breast cancer", "-lymphoma", "-gastrointestinal tumours  \n      -melanoma\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Cyproheptadine", "Synonyms": ["Periactin"], "Parents": ["H1-antagonist"]}
,{"Name": "Nickel", "Effects": ["Allergic contact dermatitis"], "Description": ["\"jewellery", "studs in jeans", "bra straps", "watch strap\""]}
,{"Name": "Still disease", "Synonyms": ["Chauffard-Ramon syndrome", "Chauffard-Ramon-Still disease", "Dreier's syndrome", "Still-Chauffard-Felty syndrome", "Still's disease", "Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis"], "Effects": ["Rheumatoid arthritis", "Fever", "Mild splenomegaly", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Congenital cataract", "Maculopapular rash"], "Parents": ["Acquired childhood disease"], "Description": ["\"fever and rash", "unknown aetiology\""]}
,{"Name": "Monospot test positive", "Synonyms": ["Anti-sheep red blood cell antibody", "Heterophile antibody test", "Paul-Bunnel reaction positive"], "Causes": ["Infectious mononucleosis", "Rubella", "Malaria", "Viral hepatitis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Leukaemia", "Carcinoma of pancreas"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"], "Description": ["\"IgM causes clumping of sheep", "horse", "beef erythrocytes\nbut not in guinea pig.\nFalse negative in 10% adults and 50% children\""]}
,{"Name": "Gamete intrafallopian transfer", "Synonyms": ["GIFT"], "Effects": ["Ectopic pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "HPS1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Oculocutaneous albinism"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 10q23.1-q23.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Low Progestrone", "Effects": ["Miscarriage"], "Parents": ["Sex hormone imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Angiotensin blocker", "Synonyms": ["AT2 inhibitor", "Angiotensin receptor blocker", "ARB"], "Effects": ["Decreased aldosterone"], "Parents": ["Diuretic"], "Children": ["Losartan"], "Treats": ["Heart failure"]}
,{"Name": "Serositis", "Causes": ["Familial mediterranean fever", "Drug-induced lupus", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Uraemia"], "Effects": ["Pleuritic chest pain", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Pericarditis", "Peritonitis"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Raised antistreptolysin O titre", "Synonyms": ["Raised ASOT", "High antistreptolysin titre"], "Causes": ["Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "Scarlet fever"], "Parents": ["Exotoxin syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Metabolic drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Vitamin", "Calipotriol", "Bisphosphonate", "Calcipotriol", "L-asparaginase", "Vitamin D", "Chelating agent", "Uricosuric agent", "Allopurinol", "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor", "Cysteamine"]}
,{"Name": "Homonomous hemianopia", "Causes": ["Cortical blindness"], "Parents": ["Visual field loss"]}
,{"Name": "Pareidolia", "Synonyms": ["Paraeidolia"], "Causes": ["Lewy body dementia"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"], "Description": ["\"Overactive perceptual inference\nE.g. Seeing faces in a bush\""]}
,{"Name": "Whipple's operation", "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma of pancreas"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic suppurative lung disease", "Effects": ["Fingernail clubbing"], "Parents": ["Parenchymal lung disease"], "Children": ["Bronchiectasis", "Lung abscess", "Empyema"]}
,{"Name": "Isosorbide mononitrate", "Synonyms": ["ISMN"], "Parents": ["Nitrates"]}
,{"Name": "Dye", "Effects": ["Lichen planus", "Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder"], "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Children": ["Naphthalene", "Aniline"]}
,{"Name": "Cranio-cleido dysostosis", "Synonyms": ["Craniocleidal dysostosis", "Cleidocranial dysostosis", "Mutational dysostosis"], "Causes": ["RUNX2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Fontanelle closure delayed", "Cranial sutures widened", "Frontal bossing", "Supernumerary teeth", "Prognathism", "Hypoplastic clavicle", "Hypoplastic iliac bones", "Wide pubic symphysis", "Coxa vara"], "Parents": ["Congenital skeletal dysplasia", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Delayed ossification of midline structures.\""]}
,{"Name": "Tinkling bowel sounds", "Causes": ["Bowel obstruction"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Ginger", "Parents": ["Carminative"]}
,{"Name": "Contaminated water", "Effects": ["Infective gastroenteritis"]}
,{"Name": "Low aldosterone", "Causes": ["Liquorice", "Liddle syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Blot haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Retinal vein occlusion", "Retinal haemangioblastoma", "Diabetic retinopathy"], "Parents": ["Retinal haemorrhage", "Hypertensive retinopathy", "Proliferative retinopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Folliculitis", "Synonyms": ["Furuncle", "Boil"], "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa"], "Effects": ["Cutaneous abscess"], "Parents": ["Bacterial infections of skin"], "Children": ["Furuncle of external ear", "Stye"]}
,{"Name": "Sildenafil", "Synonyms": ["Viagra"], "Parents": ["Urological drug", "Phosphodiesterase inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Impotence", "Primary pulmonary hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Low glomerular filtration rate", "Synonyms": ["Low GFR", "Decreased GFR"], "Effects": ["Elevated plasma creatinine"]}
,{"Name": "Oropharyngeal anthrax", "Effects": ["Pharyngitis", "Sore throat", "Dysphagia", "Respiratory distress", "Bleeding of oral mucosa"], "Parents": ["Anthrax"], "Treatments": ["Doxycycline", "Ciprofloxacin"], "Description": ["\"The reason the disease limits itself to the oropharyngeal area is unknown. \""]}
,{"Name": "Positive tryptophan loading test", "Causes": ["Vitamin B6 deficiency"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Cardiac sphincter laxity", "Causes": ["Decreased smooth muscle excitability"], "Effects": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"]}
,{"Name": "Positive VDRL", "Synonyms": ["Positive Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory test", "VDRL flocculation", "Positive Wasserman test"], "Causes": ["Syphilis", "Yaws", "Pinta", "Bejel", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Rheumatoid disease", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Infectious mononucleosis"], "Parents": ["Serology"]}
,{"Name": "Refsum disease", "Synonyms": ["Refsum syndrome", "Phytanic acid storage disease"], "Causes": ["PEX7 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Metabolic neuropathy", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Congenital deafness", "Ichthyosis", "Anosmia", "Elevated protein in CSF", "Raised phytanic acid", "Dislocation of lens"], "Parents": ["Leukodystrophy", "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"PEX7 gene mutation\""]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral atrophy", "Synonyms": ["Brain shrinkage", "Cortical atrophy", "Small brain"], "Causes": ["Mercury", "Congenital varicella syndrome"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Spider naevi", "Causes": ["Chronic liver disease", "High oestriol", "Liver failure"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"seen  in 10% of healthy adults.\n> five spider naevi = sign of liver disease.\nFace", "neck", "upper trunk and arms.\n\nDue to failure of the sphincteric muscle surrounding a cutaneous arteriole. \nCentral red dot is the dilated arteriole \nThe red \"spider legs\" are small veins carrying away blood. \n\nIf momentary pressure is applied", "it is possible to see the emptied veins refilling \nfrom the centre. No other angiomas show this phenomenon.\""]}
,{"Name": "Renal failure", "Synonyms": ["Kidney failure"], "Causes": ["Hypertension", "Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "HELLP syndrome", "Weil disease", "Hereditary tyrosinosis", "Fanconi syndrome", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever"], "Effects": ["Uraemia", "Raised troponin", "Maternal Risk", "Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Renal disease", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Acute kidney injury", "Chronic renal failure", "Oliguric renal failure", "Polyuric renal failure", "End-stage renal failure"]}
,{"Name": "Meningioma", "Causes": ["Neurofibromatosis I", "Neurofibromatosis II"], "Effects": ["Panhypopituitarism"], "Parents": ["Brain tumour", "Benign neoplasm", "Neurological tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Lid retraction", "Synonyms": ["Kocher sign"], "Causes": ["Thyrotoxicosis"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Malignant hyperpyrexia", "Synonyms": ["Malignant hyperthermia"], "Causes": ["Suxamethonium", "Halothane"], "Effects": ["Muscle rigidity", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Hypercatabolic state", "Hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Treatments": ["Dantrolene"], "Description": ["\"Loss of control of intracellular calcium ions in skeletal muscle - Increases  free ionised intracellular calcium  to damaging levels.\nPrimary defect not known.\n\ntriggered by :\n-volatile anesthetic agents(halothane). \n-depolarizing muscle relaxants (succinylcholine).\n nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (pancuronium)", "do not cause MH.\n\nDantrolene and the avoidance of inhaled anesthesia in susceptible people have markedly reduced the mortality by 80% .\n\nProphylactic Dantrolene not recommended because of its adverse effect of prolonging the action of depolarising muscle relaxants.\""]}
,{"Name": "Class IB antiarrhythmic drug", "Effects": ["Shortened cardiac action potential duration", "Prolonged cardiac refractory period"], "Parents": ["Class I antiarrhythmic drug"], "Children": ["Lignocaine"]}
,{"Name": "Limbic encephalitis", "Synonyms": ["Autoimmune encephalitis"], "Causes": ["Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody", "Morvan syndrome", "NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Encephalitis"], "Treatments": ["Plasmapheresis"]}
,{"Name": "West syndrome", "Causes": ["SCN1A mutation"], "Effects": ["Hypsarrhythmia", "Mental retardation", "Infantile spasms"], "Parents": ["Primary generalised epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperalbuminaemia", "Synonyms": ["High albumin", "High albumen"], "Effects": ["Proteinuria"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Joint hypermobility", "Synonyms": ["Hyperextensibility of joints", "Joint laxity", "Lax joints"], "Causes": ["Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Benign joint hypermobility syndrome", "Fragile X syndrome", "Marfan syndrome", "Pseudoxanthoma elasticum", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Williams syndrome", "Larson syndrome", "Down syndrome"], "Parents": ["Joint sign"]}
,{"Name": "Lower motor neurone lesion", "Synonyms": ["LMN lesion"], "Causes": ["Peripheral neuropathy", "Mixed motor weakness", "Mainly motor neuropathy", "Cauda equina syndrome", "Kennedy disease", "Spinal muscular atrophy"], "Effects": ["Muscle weakness", "Hyporeflexia", "Paraesthesia", "Absent ankle jerk", "Fasciculation", "Hypotonia", "Flaccid paralysis"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"], "Children": ["Foot drop", "Intrinsic muscles of hand weakness", "Froment sign", "Facial nerve palsy", "Index finger weakness"]}
,{"Name": "Pyrimidine-5-nucleotidase deficiency", "Causes": ["NT5C3A gene  mutation"], "Effects": ["Basophilic stippling"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Accumulation of high concentrations of pyrimidine nucleotides within the erythrocyte.\nAbnormality of RBC nucleotide metabolism causing hereditary non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia.\""]}
,{"Name": "Stye", "Effects": ["Eye pain"], "Parents": ["Furuncle", "Folliculitis"], "Description": ["\"Infection of the sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes.\r\n\r\nThey also cause a red bump underneath the lid with only generalized redness and swelling visible on the outsideFeyepain\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["RLN palsy"], "Causes": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury", "Local infiltration of lung cancer", "Ortner's cardiovocal syndrome", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion", "Irradiation", "Bulbar palsy"], "Effects": ["Stridor", "Upper airway obstruction", "Bovine cough", "Vocal cord palsy", "Choking", "Aspiration pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Organic manic disorder", "Parents": ["Organic mood affective disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Disorientation in time", "Parents": ["Disorientation"]}
,{"Name": "Corticosteroid", "Synonyms": ["Corticosteroids", "Steroids", "Steroid", "Cortisol"], "Effects": ["Weight gain", "Muscle weakness", "Osteoporosis", "Avascular necrosis", "Cushing syndrome", "Gastric acid hypersecretion", "Acute pancreatitis", "Hypertension", "Atrophic skin", "Acquired cataract", "Glaucoma", "Steatosis", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Low thyroid stimulating hormone", "Acne vulgaris", "Acute gastritis", "Wound healing delayed", "Insulin resistance", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Immunosuppressant drug", "Hormone", "Drug metabolised by P450 enzymes", "Anti-inflammatory drug", "Dermatological drug"], "Children": ["Glucocorticoid", "Mineralocorticoid"], "Treats": ["Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Low glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Carotid pulse sign", "Parents": ["Neck sign"], "Children": ["Visible carotid pulsation", "Collapsing pulse", "Slow rising pulse", "Bisferiens pulse", "Carotid bruit"]}
,{"Name": "Benzodiazepine", "Effects": ["Cerebellar ataxia", "Anxiety disorder", "Delirium", "Coma"], "Parents": ["Sedative drug", "Anticonvulsant drug", "Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy", "GABA-A receptor agonist", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Children": ["Diazepam", "Lorazepam", "Temazepam", "Midazolam", "Chlordiazepoxide", "Zolpidem", "Clobazam", "Clonazepam"], "Treats": ["Emotional stress", "Achalasia cardia", "Eclampsia", "Organic catatonic disorder"], "Description": ["\"GABA receptor agonists\""]}
,{"Name": "Klebsiella", "Effects": ["Atypical pneumonia", "Struvite stone", "Liver abscess", "Positive Quellung test", "Urease breath test positive", "Redcurrant jelly sputum", "Chronic suppurative otitis media"], "Parents": ["Enterobacteriaceae"]}
,{"Name": "Anxiety", "Synonyms": ["Fear"], "Causes": ["Hypocalcaemia", "Anxiety disorder", "Depression", "Scurvy"], "Effects": ["Hyperventilation", "Increased sympathetic tone", "Globus hystericus", "Sinus tachycardia", "Sweating", "Delayed gastric emptying"], "Parents": ["Emotional stress", "Mood disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Cafe au lait patch", "Synonyms": ["Caf\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd au lait spot"], "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis", "Neurofibromatosis I", "Neurofibromatosis II", "Russell-Silver syndrome", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"], "Parents": ["Hyperpigmentation"], "Description": ["\"Cutaneous hyperpigmented macules\""]}
,{"Name": "Spinocerebellar ataxia", "Synonyms": ["SCA"], "Effects": ["Cerebellar ataxia", "Sensory ataxia", "Pseudoathetosis", "Macular hyperpigmentation", "Cerebellar lesion"], "Parents": ["Triplet repeat disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder", "Neurodegenerative disorder"], "Children": ["Spinocerebellar ataxia 1", "Spinocerebellar ataxia 3", "Ataxia telangiectasia"]}
,{"Name": "Thermal injury", "Causes": ["Scald", "Burn", "Frostbite", "Electrical shock", "Chemical injury"], "Effects": ["Sterile inflammation"]}
,{"Name": "Night sweats", "Causes": ["Post menopause", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Tuberculosis", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Gonadotropin analogue", "Hypoglycaemia", "Antidepressant"], "Parents": ["Constitutional symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Central core myopathy", "Parents": ["Congenital myopathy", "Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Low-voltage T wave", "Synonyms": ["Small T-wave", "Low-voltage T-wave"], "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Glomus tumour", "Effects": ["Pulsatile tinnitus"]}
,{"Name": "Loratidine", "Synonyms": ["Clarytin"], "Parents": ["Non-sedating antihistamine"], "Treats": ["Urticaria"]}
,{"Name": "Dental hypoplasia", "Causes": ["Albright's osteodystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Amenorrhoea", "Synonyms": ["Anovulation"], "Causes": ["Pregnancy", "Late puberty", "Puerperal period", "Hypothyroidism", "Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis malfunction", "Panhypopituitarism", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Primary ovarian failure", "Premature menopause", "Antidepressant", "Chemotheraputic drug", "Anorexia nervosa", "Turner syndrome", "Virilisation", "Testicular feminisation", "Ovarian tumour", "Asherman syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom", "Gynaecological disease"], "Treatments": ["Oral contraceptive pill", "Clomiphene", "Oestradiol"], "Description": ["\"Treatment:\noral contraceptives may help restart the menstrual cycle. \nClomiphene citrate therapy may help trigger ovulation.\nEstrogen replacement therapy (ERT). \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Cerebellar lesion", "Causes": ["Demyelination of central nervous system", "Friedrich ataxia", "Spinocerebellar ataxia", "Acoustic neuroma", "Hypothyroidism"], "Effects": ["Nystagmus", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Cerebellar dysarthria", "Hypotonia", "Pendular knee jerk"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system pathology"], "Children": ["Cerebellar haemangioma"]}
,{"Name": "Arteriogram", "Parents": ["Angiographic procedure"]}
,{"Name": "Felty syndrome", "Causes": ["Rheumatoid disease"], "Effects": ["Splenomegaly", "Neutropenia", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Positive p-ANCA"]}
,{"Name": "Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody", "Synonyms": ["VGKCA", "Voltage-gated K+ channel antibody", "Voltage gated potassium channel Abs"], "Effects": ["Limbic encephalitis", "Morvan syndrome", "Hippocampal damage", "Temporal lobe epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Hand-foot syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Dactylitis"], "Causes": ["Sickle cell anaemia"], "Effects": ["Hand pain"], "Parents": ["Enthesitis"], "Description": ["\"Digits of varying lengths\""]}
,{"Name": "Antiplatelet antibody", "Synonyms": ["Autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Autoimmune platelet destruction"], "Causes": ["Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "HIV-associated thrombocytopaenia", "Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia", "Infectious mononucleosis", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Evan syndrome", "Type II polyglandular syndrome"], "Effects": ["Decreased platelet survival"], "Parents": ["Haematological autoimmune disease", "Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic granulomatous disease", "Synonyms": ["Fatal granulomatosis of childhood"], "Effects": ["Non-caseating granuloma", "Hepatomegaly", "Splenomegaly", "Nitroblue tetrazolium test positive"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder", "Autosomal recessive disorder", "Congenital immunodeficiency"], "Description": ["\"Inability to kill catalase positive organisms\nLife expectancy 5 years\""]}
,{"Name": "Optic nerve compression", "Causes": ["Eye muscle inflammation", "Paget disease", "Optic nerve glioma", "Berry aneurysm", "Foster Kennedy syndrome", "Base of skull fracture", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"], "Effects": ["Desaturation", "Monocular blindness", "Optic atrophy", "Oscillopsia"]}
,{"Name": "Testicular feminisation", "Synonyms": ["TF"], "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea", "Androgen resistance", "Ambiguous genitalia", "Testes in labia", "Absent uterus"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"XY karyotype", "ambiguous genitalia\""]}
,{"Name": "Lotion", "Children": ["Dithranol"]}
,{"Name": "Adenosine deaminase deficiency", "Effects": ["Severe combined immunodeficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Fetal malformation", "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "Enucleation", "Causes": ["Retinoblastoma"], "Parents": ["Ophthalmological surgery"], "Treats": ["Retinoblastoma"]}
,{"Name": "Homocysteinaemia", "Synonyms": ["Hyperhomocysteinaemia"], "Causes": ["Cystathione beta-synthase deficiency", "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Vitamin B6 deficiency", "Folic acid deficiency", "Diabetes mellitus", "Cigarette smoking", "Chronic renal failure", "Hypothyroidism", "Carcinoma of breast", "Carcinoma of pancreas"], "Effects": ["Genetic hypercoagulable state", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Aminoacidopathies"], "Description": ["\"Can be congenital or accquired.\""]}
,{"Name": "Rubeosis iridis", "Synonyms": ["Neovascularisation of iris"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Retinal vein occlusion", "Coats disease"], "Effects": ["Thrombotic glaucoma"], "Parents": ["Iris sign"]}
,{"Name": "Orchitis", "Synonyms": ["Orchiditis"], "Causes": ["Lyme disease", "Mumps", "Wucheria bancrofti"], "Effects": ["Testicular swelling", "Testicular pain"]}
,{"Name": "Bony spurs", "Causes": ["Menke syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Human herpes virus", "Synonyms": ["HHV"], "Parents": ["Herpes virus"], "Children": ["Human herpes virus type 6", "Human herpes virus type 7", "Human herpes virus type 8"]}
,{"Name": "Overuse of vocal cords", "Effects": ["Laryngitis"]}
,{"Name": "SLC3A1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Cystinuria"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 2p16.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Fall in elderly", "Synonyms": ["Falls in elderly patient"], "Causes": ["Postural hypotension", "Syncope", "Transient ischaemic attack", "Carotid sinus hypersensitivity", "Cervical spondylosis", "Bradykinesia", "Inability to walk", "Normal pressure hydrocephalus", "Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo"], "Effects": ["Hypothermia", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Subdural haematoma", "Long bone fracture", "Hip fracture"], "Parents": ["Trauma", "Fall"]}
,{"Name": "Guthrie test", "Synonyms": ["Heel prick test", "Heel-prick test"], "Treats": ["Phenylketonuria", "Cystic fibrosis", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Cretinism"]}
,{"Name": "Marburg virus", "Synonyms": ["Marburg haemorrhagic fever"], "Effects": ["Viral haemorrhagic shock", "Viral hepatitis", "Epidemic haemorrhagic fever"], "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary lymphatic blockage", "Causes": ["Mediastinal carcinomatosis"], "Effects": ["Transudate pleural effusion", "Pulmonary oedema"]}
,{"Name": "Increased growth hormone secretion", "Causes": ["Growth hormone-secreting adenoma", "Excessive sleep", "Exercise", "Hypoglycaemia", "Emotional stress", "Fever", "Bromocriptine", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"]}
,{"Name": "Helmet cells", "Parents": ["Schistocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Tender nodules", "Causes": ["Panniculitis"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Cystodistension", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Detrusor instability"]}
,{"Name": "Familial combined hyperlipidaemia", "Synonyms": ["Familial mixed hyperlipidaemia"], "Effects": ["Hypercholesterolaemia", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Obesity", "Coronary artery disease"], "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia", "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"1:200\nIncreased synthesis of ApoB\nIHD appears after age 60\""]}
,{"Name": "Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage", "Synonyms": ["TAPVD", "Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection"], "Parents": ["Cyanotic congenital heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Raised thyroglobulin", "Causes": ["Follicular thyroid cancer", "Thyroid lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Subluxation of metacarpophalangeal joint", "Synonyms": ["Subluxation of MCP joint"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid arthritis"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"]}
,{"Name": "Vagus palsy", "Synonyms": ["Vagal palsy", "Tenth nerve palsy", "X nerve palsy", "10th nerve palsy"], "Causes": ["Avellis syndrome", "Jackson syndrome", "Lateral medullary syndrome", "Jugular foramen syndrome", "Syndrome of Schmidt"], "Effects": ["Dysphagia", "Dysphonia", "Drooling", "Nasal speech", "Absent gag reflex"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Elevated urinary coproporphyrin", "Causes": ["Lead poisoning"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Ectopic pregnancy", "Causes": ["Salpingitis", "Fallopian tube surgery", "Intrauterine coil device", "Gamete intrafallopian transfer", "Endometriosis", "Progesterone only pill"], "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain", "Ruptured ectopic pregnancy", "High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Maternal Risk", "Choriocarcinoma", "Right iliac fossa pain", "Ante-partum haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological disease", "Complication of pregnancy"], "Treatments": ["Salpingectomy"], "Description": ["\"CAUSES\npelvic inflammatory disease (PID)\nHistory of pelvic surgery \nin vitro fertilization\nIUCD\n\nDIAGNOSIS\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd overdue period (suggesting pregnancy) \n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd vaginal bleed\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd positive pregnancy test\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdl ower abdominal pain\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd fainting.\n\nLaparoscopy to confirm diagnosis\n\n\nTREATMENT\nFor early ectopic pregnancy that appears to be spontaneously aborting:\nCheck reguarly that  HCG levels are dropping.\n\nFor ruptured ectopic: \n Laparoscopy - removal of ectopic pregnancy +\n Salpingectomy\""]}
,{"Name": "Positive a-ANCA", "Synonyms": ["Atypical perinuclear ANCA"], "Causes": ["Inflammatory bowel disease", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Lifestyle", "Children": ["Diet", "Obesity", "Old age", "Older maternal age", "Childhood", "Ethnic origin", "Cigarette smoking", "Drug abuse", "Menstrual cycle", "Emotional stress", "Trauma", "Farming", "Insect bite", "High altitude", "Occupational hazard", "Diving", "Travel", "Turning of neck", "Exposure to sunlight", "Exposure to wind", "Cold weather", "Sun exposure", "Promiscuity", "Consanguinity", "Homosexuality", "Contraception", "Drug toxicity", "Shouting", "Dentures", "Hot water bottle", "Alcohol withdrawal", "Swimming", "Laughter", "Fall", "Warm weather", "Prolonged immobilisation", "Sauna", "Lack of exercise", "Bad posture", "Wind instruments", "Contact lens", "Sport injury", "Bath liquids", "Backpackers", "Nuclear power plant accident", "Electrocution", "Lightning strike", "Acid ingestion", "Laser injury", "Animal", "Female gender", "Male gender", "Coffee", "Tight underwear"]}
,{"Name": "Ivory white plaque", "Causes": ["Morphoea"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Ticlopidine", "Parents": ["Drugs that increase effect of warfarin", "GPIIb/IIIA-receptor downregulator"]}
,{"Name": "Infectious neuropathy", "Causes": ["Leprosy", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Cytomegalovirus"], "Effects": ["Peripheral neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Uveoparotid fever", "Synonyms": ["Uveo-parotid fever"], "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Aplastic crisis", "Causes": ["Haemolytic anaemia", "Aplastic anaemia"], "Effects": ["No reticulocytes"]}
,{"Name": "Uricosuric agent", "Effects": ["Low plasma urate"], "Parents": ["Metabolic drug"], "Children": ["Probenecid", "Fenofibrate"]}
,{"Name": "Transfusion mismatch", "Synonyms": ["Blood transfusion mismatch"], "Causes": ["Blood transfusion"], "Effects": ["Intravascular haemolysis", "Alloimmune thrombocyte destruction"]}
,{"Name": "Numbness", "Causes": ["Conversion disorder", "Hysteria", "Generalised anxiety disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Trypanosoma cruzi", "Synonyms": ["Chagas disease"], "Effects": ["Myocarditis", "Right bundle branch block", "Myenteric ganglionitis", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Giemsa stain positive", "Achalasia cardia"], "Parents": ["Protozoan infection"]}
,{"Name": "Food poisoning", "Causes": ["Undercooked meat", "Cooked meat", "Salad", "Faecal contamination of food"], "Effects": ["Infective gastroenteritis"], "Parents": ["Infective gastroenteritis"]}
,{"Name": "Orbital cellulitis", "Effects": ["Proptosis", "Retinal vein occlusion", "Cavernous sinus thrombosis", "Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Chemosis"], "Parents": ["Soft tissue infection", "Cellulitis"]}
,{"Name": "Glove and stocking sensory loss", "Causes": ["Peripheral neuropathy"], "Effects": ["Neuropathic ulcer", "Pseudoathetosis", "Below knee sensory loss", "Stamping gait"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Ribvarin", "Parents": ["Antiviral agent"], "Treats": ["Hepatitis C"], "Description": ["\"Ribavirin is a guanosine analog used to stop viral RNA synthesis.  \nIt is a nucleoside inhibitor\n\nCombined with interferon it has a 80% cure rate for Hepatitis C\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Potts disease of the spine", "Synonyms": ["Spinal tuberculosis", "Spinal TB"], "Causes": ["Tuberculous osteomyelitis"], "Effects": ["Spinal cord compression", "Psoas abscess", "Kyphosis"]}
,{"Name": "Observation sign", "Synonyms": ["Facies"], "Parents": ["Sign"], "Children": ["Skin signs on observation", "Stature", "Congenital head malformation", "Corkscrew hair", "Exclamation mark hair", "Silvery hair", "Coarse hair", "Face sign", "Eversion of ear lobe", "Webbed neck", "Thickened nuchal folds", "Supraclavicular fat pad", "Peau d'orange", "Shield chest", "Pectus carinatum", "Pectus excavatum", "Inverted nipples", "Widely spaced nipples", "Upper limb deformity", "Tar staining of fingers", "Hypoplastic fingernails", "Palmar erythema", "Palmar pitting", "Hyperpigmented palmar creases", "Simian palmar crease", "Thenar wasting", "Dupuytren's contracture", "Back deformity", "Squatting", "Question mark posture", "Tripod sign", "Bowed legs", "Lipodermatosclerosis", "Rocker bottom feet", "Dorsiflexed hallux", "Inability to walk", "Unresponsiveness", "Frothy urine", "Urine sign"]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial casts", "Parents": ["Urinary casts"]}
,{"Name": "Sarcomeric mutation", "Effects": ["Familial dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Blue nail", "Causes": ["Wilson's disease", "Argyria", "Methylene blue"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Defective lysosome formation", "Causes": ["Chediak-Higashi syndrome"], "Effects": ["Defective phagocyte function"]}
,{"Name": "Asbestosis", "Causes": ["Asbestos inhalation"], "Effects": ["Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Basal lung fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Pneumoconiosis"]}
,{"Name": "Bowel perforation", "Synonyms": ["Rupture of bowel"], "Causes": ["Toxic megacolon", "Appendicitis", "Bowel hernia", "Typhoid fever", "Pneumatosis coli", "Crohn's disease"], "Effects": ["Peritonitis", "Pneumoperitoneum", "Gram negative sepsis"], "Parents": ["Rupture of abdominal viscus"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid"]}
,{"Name": "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug", "Synonyms": ["Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug", "DMARD"], "Parents": ["Rheumatological drug"], "Children": ["Methotrexate", "5-aminosalicylic acid", "Gold", "Penicillamine", "Chloroquine", "Azathioprine", "Cyclophosphamide", "Chlorambucil", "Cyclosporin"], "Treats": ["Rheumatoid arthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Intestinal lymphangiectasia", "Effects": ["Protein-losing enteropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Disjunct gaze palsy", "Causes": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Trochlear nerve palsy", "Abducent nerve palsy"], "Effects": ["Acquired strabismus"], "Parents": ["Ophthalmoplegia"]}
,{"Name": "Glitazone", "Parents": ["Oral hypoglycaemic"], "Children": ["Rosiglitazone"]}
,{"Name": "Idiopathic Detrusor instability", "Effects": ["Detrusor instability"]}
,{"Name": "Brugada syndrome", "Effects": ["Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"]}
,{"Name": "Antihypertensive withdrawal", "Effects": ["Hypertensive encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Irregular pupil", "Causes": ["Synechia", "Holmes-Adie pupil", "Argyll Robertson pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Soft palate immobility", "Causes": ["Trotter's triad"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat disease"]}
,{"Name": "Mucus in stool", "Synonyms": ["Mucus in faeces"], "Causes": ["Irritable bowel syndrome", "Ulcerative colitis"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom", "Faeces sign"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic blood loss", "Synonyms": ["Chronic bleeding", "Chronic bleed", "Chronic haemorrhage"], "Causes": ["Gastrointestinal haemorrhage", "Urinary tract bleed", "Menorrhagia", "Bleeding disorder", "Post-menopausal bleeding", "Colonic polyp", "Small bowel polyp", "Acute blood loss"], "Effects": ["Iron deficiency anaemia", "Low glycated haemoglobin"], "Parents": ["Haemorrhage"], "Treatments": ["Blood transfusion"]}
,{"Name": "Dimercaptosuccinic acid", "Parents": ["Chelating agent"], "Description": ["\"Used in lead", "mercury & arsenic poisoning\""]}
,{"Name": "Ichthyosis vulgaris", "Causes": ["FLG gene mutation"], "Parents": ["Ichthyosis", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Most common type.\nOne of the most common genetic disorders caused by a single gene.\""]}
,{"Name": "Conjunctivitis", "Synonyms": ["Pink eye", "Madras eye"], "Effects": ["Red eye", "Epiphora", "Eye pain", "Eye discharge", "Conjunctival injection"], "Parents": ["Local infection", "Ocular pathology"], "Children": ["Infective conjunctivitis", "Allergic conjunctivitis", "Autoimmune conjunctivitis", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Ocular sarcoidosis", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Transitional cell carcinoma kidney", "Parents": ["Kidney carcinoma"], "Treatments": ["Nephroureterctomy"]}
,{"Name": "HbB gene mutation", "Effects": ["Sickle cell anaemia", "Beta thalassaemia", "Congenital methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus: 11p15.5\""]}
,{"Name": "CTFR gene mutation", "Effects": ["Cystic fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 7q31.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Synonyms": ["AIP"], "Causes": ["Sulphonamide", "Sulphonylurea", "Ergot alkaloid", "Barbiturate", "Carbamazepine", "Phenytoin", "Primidone", "Ethosuximide", "Ketamine", "Rifampicin", "Pyrazinamide", "Macrolide", "Chloramphenicol", "Nitrofurantoin", "Nalixidic acid", "Ketoconazole", "Griseofulvin", "Clonidine", "Danazol", "Etomidate", "Methyldopa", "Phenylbutazone", "Progesterone only pill"], "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain", "Metabolic neuropathy", "Dark urine", "Hypertension", "Mainly motor neuropathy", "Delirium", "Seizure", "Coma"], "Parents": ["Porphyria", "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "High-output cardiac failure", "Causes": ["Hyperdynamic circulation"], "Parents": ["Heart failure"]}
,{"Name": "Genital prolapse", "Parents": ["Gynaecological disease"]}
,{"Name": "Sydenham's chorea", "Synonyms": ["St. Vitus' dance"], "Causes": ["Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "Rheumatic fever"], "Effects": ["Chorea"]}
,{"Name": "Carotid sinus hypersensitivity", "Causes": ["Old age", "Turning of neck"], "Effects": ["Vasovagal reflex", "Fall in elderly"]}
,{"Name": "Potassium redistribution", "Causes": ["Beta adrenergic stimulation", "Theophylline", "Insulin", "Alkalosis", "Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis"], "Effects": ["Hypokalaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Pastia line", "Causes": ["Scarlet fever"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"confluence of rash in axilla and groin\""]}
,{"Name": "Occipital lobe lesion", "Effects": ["Cortical blindness"], "Parents": ["Cerebral lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Shoulder pain", "Causes": ["Kehr's sign"]}
,{"Name": "Callosal agenesis", "Synonyms": ["Agenesis of corpus callosum"], "Causes": ["Shapiro syndrome", "Aicardi syndrome"], "Effects": ["Split brain"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Raw fish", "Effects": ["Gnathostoma spingerum", "Ciguatera"], "Parents": ["Food"], "Treats": ["Rheumatoid arthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Dermatoglyphics", "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Edward's syndrome", "Cornelia de Lange syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hutchinson's triad", "Causes": ["Congenital syphilis"], "Effects": ["Hutchinson incisor", "Interstitial keratitis", "Sensorineural deafness"]}
,{"Name": "Presbycusis", "Synonyms": ["Presbyacusis"], "Effects": ["Sensorineural deafness"], "Parents": ["Hearing symptom"], "Description": ["\"Progressive", "bilateral", "symmetrical", "age-related sensorineural hearing loss.\nLoss is most marked at higher frequencies.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "De Musset sign", "Causes": ["Hyperdynamic circulation"], "Description": ["\"Head nodding with each heart beat\""]}
,{"Name": "Glycogen storage disorder type II", "Synonyms": ["Glycogen storage disease type II", "Alpha-glucosidase deficiency", "GAA deficiency", "Pompe disease", "Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency", "Acid maltase deficiency", "AMD", "Cardiomegalia glycogenica diffusa", "Type II glycogenosis", "Acid alpha-1`4 glucosidase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Failure to thrive", "Neonatal hypotonia", "Proximal myopathy", "Macroglossia", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Familial dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Glycogen storage disorder"], "Description": ["\"Infantile presents at 6 months to 2 yrs\nLate-onset presents up to age 60\nChromosome 17q\""]}
,{"Name": "Joint injury", "Effects": ["Osteoarthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Chikungunya", "Effects": ["Migratory polyarthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Tricuspid stenosis", "Effects": ["Right atrial hypertrophy", "Mid-diastolic murmur", "Late diastolic murmur"], "Parents": ["Valvular heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Striated muscle degeneration", "Causes": ["Selenium deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Sick sinus syndrome", "Causes": ["Genetic collagen disease", "Cardiac surgery", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Holmes-Adie syndrome", "Old age"], "Effects": ["Prolonged QT interval", "Bradycardia", "Fatigue", "Angina pectoris", "Stokes-Adams attack"], "Parents": ["Cardiac arrhythmia", "Dysautonomia"], "Treatments": ["Pacemaker"]}
,{"Name": "Para-aminobenzoic acid", "Effects": ["Photosensitivity dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Dalrymple's sign", "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Upper lid retraction.\nAbnormal wideness of the palpebral fissure. \nWhite of the sclera is visible at the upper margin of the cornea in direct outward stare.\""]}
,{"Name": "Right bundle branch block", "Synonyms": ["RBBB"], "Causes": ["Atrial septal defect", "Ventricular septal defect", "Pulmonary stenosis", "Tetralogy of Fallot", "Right ventricular hypertrophy", "Class IA antiarrhythmic drug", "Hyperkalaemia", "Major pulmonary embolus", "Trypanosoma cruzi"], "Effects": ["Wide splitting of second heart sound"], "Parents": ["Heart block"], "Description": ["\"Normal in 5% of elderly", "1% of young\""]}
,{"Name": "Psychiatry", "Children": ["Psychiatric sign", "Psychiatric drug", "Psychiatric disease", "Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Becker muscular dystrophy", "Causes": ["DMD gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscle"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy"], "Description": ["\"Onset in mid-twenties\""]}
,{"Name": "Cholestasis", "Synonyms": ["Biliary obstruction", "Obstructive jaundice"], "Causes": ["Cholestasis of pregnancy", "Common bile duct obstruction", "Phenothiazine", "Oestradiol", "Erythromycin", "Sulphonamide", "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Cyclosporin", "Azathioprine", "Nifedipine", "Chlorpropramide", "Nitrofurantoin", "HELLP syndrome", "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor", "Cirrhosis", "GRACILE syndrome"], "Effects": ["Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia", "Steatorrhoea", "Vitamin K deficiency", "Ascending cholangitis", "Secondary biliary cirrhosis", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "High alkaline phosphatase", "High aspartate aminotransferase", "High alanine aminotransferase", "Target cells", "Kayser-Fleischer ring"], "Treatments": ["Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography"]}
,{"Name": "Anal crypt infection", "Effects": ["Perianal fistula"]}
,{"Name": "Keratomalacia", "Causes": ["Vitamin A deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudocushings", "Causes": ["Depression", "Alcoholism", "Obesity"], "Effects": ["Cushing syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Synonyms": ["Bladder cancer", "Bladder tumour", "Bladder carcinoma", "Ca bladder"], "Causes": ["Male gender", "Caucasian", "Irradiation", "Old age", "FGFR3 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Haematuria", "Urinary frequency", "Urinary urgency", "Dysuria", "Bladder outflow obstruction", "Colo-vesical fistula", "Inappropriate ADH secretion"], "Parents": ["Urinary tract carcinoma", "Urological disease"], "Children": ["Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder", "Squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Adenocarcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Pertussis", "Synonyms": ["Whooping cough", "Hundred-day cough", "100-day cough", "One hundred day cough"], "Causes": ["Bordetella pertussis"], "Effects": ["Paroxysmal coughing", "Inspiratory whoop", "Post-tussive vomiting", "Subconjunctival haemorrhage", "Pneumothorax", "Bacterial meningitis", "Toxic encephalopathy", "Chronic pulmonary infection", "Lymphocytosis", "Bacterial pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Viral pneumonia", "Notifiable disease", "Contagious disease", "Childhood infections"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation", "Erythromycin"], "Description": ["\"Highly contagious \nLasts 6 weeks\n\nDIAGNOSIS \n  -nasopharyngeal swabs culture - Bordet-Gengou medium. \n - polymerase chain reaction (PCR)", "- direct immunofluorescence (DFA)", "PROGNOSIS\nFatal in  1.6% of  infants under one year.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Glutamate receptor blocker", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Lamotrigine"]}
,{"Name": "Red-green colour blindness", "Synonyms": ["Red green colour blindness"], "Causes": ["OPN1LW gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Desaturation"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"absence of L or M cones or the production of cones with abnormal visual properties that affect red-green color vision. \""]}
,{"Name": "Volvulus", "Causes": ["Adhesion"], "Effects": ["Bowel ischaemia", "Coffee bean sign"]}
,{"Name": "HGD gene mutation", "Effects": ["Alkaptonuria"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 3 3q13.33. \""]}
,{"Name": "Eye pain", "Causes": ["Stye", "Conjunctivitis", "Glaucoma", "Anterior uveitis", "Superficial keratitis", "Central retinal artery occlusion", "Chalazion", "Hordeolum", "Dacryocystitis", "Caroticocavernous fistula"], "Parents": ["Ocular symptom", "Pain"], "Children": ["Scleral eye pain"]}
,{"Name": "Phentolamine", "Parents": ["Alpha adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Gamma haemolytic streptococcus", "Synonyms": ["Non-haemolytic streptococcus", "Peptostreptococcus"], "Parents": ["Streptococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal surgery", "Effects": ["Basal atelectasis", "Acute urinary retention", "Ileus", "Peritonitis", "Intra-abdominal abscess", "Wound dehiscence", "Bowel ischaemia", "Splenic tear", "Abdominal fistula", "Enterocolic fistula", "Adhesion", "Bleeding from wound", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Laparotomy", "Laparoscopy", "Cardiomyotomy", "Splenectomy", "Whipple's operation", "Pyloromyotomy", "Adrenalectomy", "Kidney transplant", "Ureto-sigmoid anastomosis", "Hemihepatectomy", "Pelvic Lymphadenectomy", "Omental resection", "Endovascular repair", "Fistulotomy", "Fistulectomy", "Surgery for inflammatory bowel disease", "Bowel surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Opiate", "Synonyms": ["Opium derivative"], "Parents": ["Opiate-receptor agonist", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Children": ["Morphine", "Diamorphine", "Apomorphine", "Codeine"], "Treats": ["Sickle cell crisis"], "Description": ["\"Opiate= derived from poppy plant .\nOpioid = synthetic\""]}
,{"Name": "Myocardial infarction", "Synonyms": ["MI", "Heart attack", "Acute MI", "AMI"], "Causes": ["Unstable angina"], "Effects": ["Arm pain", "Levine sign", "Referred abdominal pain", "Cardiac arrhythmia", "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Asystole", "Heart failure", "Papillary muscle rupture", "Ruptured interventricular septum", "Ventricular septal defect", "Ventricular aneurysm", "Raised creatine kinase", "Raised troponin", "Prolonged QT interval", "Left bundle branch block", "Third degree atrioventricular block", "Systemic thromboembolisation", "Beta adrenergic stimulation", "Sinus bradycardia", "Dressler syndrome", "Pericardial effusion", "High endothelin-1", "High aspartate aminotransferase", "Organic mood disorder", "Bezold Jarisch reflex", "Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Acute coronary syndrome", "Myocardial disease", "Infarction"], "Children": ["ST-elevation myocardial infarction", "Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction"], "Treatments": ["Thrombolysis", "GPIIb/IIIA-receptor downregulator", "Angiographic procedure", "Insulin"], "Description": ["\"Troponin rise\n\nTypes of Infarction:\nTransmural: atheroma occluding major coronary artery.\nSubendocardial: small area in the subendocardial wall of left ventricle. \n\nSilent infarctions = 25%\n\nPrognosis:\n50% die within 30 days of attack. \n50% of these deaths occur before medical assistance arrives. \n30% all deaths occur within the first hour(due to acute arrhythmia)\n\nPrognosis correlates with degree of myocardial necrosis estimated by:\n -Rise in serum troponin T.\n -Extent of ECG changes.\n -Degree of left ventricular dysfunction on echo.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Mineral deficiency", "Parents": ["Inadequate diet"], "Children": ["Iodine deficiency", "Zinc deficiency", "Iron deficient diet", "Manganese deficiency", "Chromium deficiency", "Selenium deficiency", "Copper deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-glycolipid antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-ganglioside antibody", "Antibody to glycolipid", "Antibody to ganglioside"], "Parents": ["Antineuronal antibody"], "Children": ["Anti-GQ1b antibody", "Anti-GM1 antibody", "Anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibody", "Anti-GD1a antibodies", "Anti-GM2 antibody", "Anti-GalC antibody"]}
,{"Name": "WAGR syndrome", "Effects": ["Wilm's tumour", "Aniridia", "Mental retardation", "Urethral stricture"], "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome"], "Description": ["\"W\nA\nG\nR\n\nChildren with this syndrome have a 50% chance of having a Wilms tumor\nchromosome 11p13\""]}
,{"Name": "Fusidic acid", "Parents": ["Antibiotic"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital AV node lesion", "Effects": ["Third degree atrioventricular block"], "Parents": ["Acyanotic heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Rheumatological drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["5-aminosalicylic acid", "Isotretinoin", "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Endarteritis obliterans", "Causes": ["Quaternary syphilis"]}
,{"Name": "Intra-abdominal malignancy", "Synonyms": ["Intraabdominal malignancy", "Intra-abdominal cancer"], "Effects": ["Ascites", "Chronic abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Malignancy"], "Children": ["Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Uterine cancer", "Ovarian tumour", "Kidney carcinoma", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Cholangiocarcinoma", "Hepatoblastoma", "Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Gastrointestinal lymphoma"]}
,{"Name": "Chorea", "Synonyms": ["Choreiform movements"], "Causes": ["Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Huntington disease", "Tarditive dyskinesia", "Sydenham's chorea", "Neuroacanthocytosis", "Wilson's disease", "Hallevorden-Spatz disease", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Whipple's disease", "Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy", "Cerebral infarction", "Kernicterus", "Parkinson's disease", "Tay-Sachs disease", "Aromatic acid decarboxylase deficiency", "Minamata disease", "McLeod syndrome", "Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease"], "Effects": ["Athetosis", "Semi-purposeful movement", "Dystonia"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom", "Extrapyramidal sign"], "Children": ["Orofacial dyskinesia", "Dystonia"]}
,{"Name": "Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "Synonyms": ["TTP", "Moschcowitz syndrome", "Moschkowitz syndrome"], "Causes": ["ADAMTS13 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Fever", "Renal failure", "Focal cerebral neurological sign", "Thrombocytopenia", "Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition", "Delirium", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Thrombotic microangiopathy"], "Description": ["\"Adult women\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Pel-Ebstein fever", "Synonyms": ["Cyclic fever over weeks"], "Causes": ["Hodgkin lymphoma"], "Description": ["\"Fever alternating with 15-28 day periods of normal\n or low temperature\""]}
,{"Name": "Bevacizumab", "Synonyms": ["Avastin"], "Parents": ["Monoclonal antibody", "VEGF inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Renal cell carcinoma", "Colorectal carcinoma"], "Description": ["\"Inhibits VGF\nanti-angiogenic cancer therapy.\""]}
,{"Name": "Pituitary adenoma", "Synonyms": ["Sellar adenoma", "Adenohypophysis tumour", "Hypophyseal adenoma"], "Causes": ["MEN I"], "Effects": ["Bitemporal hemianopia", "Panhypopituitarism", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Secondary headache", "Cranial diabetes insipidus", "Pituitary apoplexy", "Cavernous sinus lesion"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"], "Children": ["Prolactinoma", "Growth hormone-secreting adenoma", "Adrenocorticotrophic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma", "Thyrotrophin-secreting pituitary adenoma"]}
,{"Name": "Metabolic epilepsy", "Causes": ["Mitochondrial myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Unverricht-Lundborg disease", "Lafora body disease", "Krabbe disease", "Rett syndrome", "Fucosidosis", "Alpers syndrome", "Coeliac disease", "Incontinentia pigmenti syndrome"], "Parents": ["Epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Agitation", "Causes": ["Delirium"]}
,{"Name": "Splenic vein thrombosis", "Causes": ["Chronic pancreatitis", "Acute pancreatitis", "Extravascular haemolysis"], "Effects": ["Portal hypertension", "Splenomegaly", "Splenic infarction"], "Parents": ["Venous thrombosis"]}
,{"Name": "Procainamide", "Effects": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Drug-induced lupus", "Insulin autoantibodies", "Chemical cardioversion", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Class IA antiarrhythmic drug", "Drug metabolised by N-acetyltransferase"], "Treats": ["Myotonic dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Albright's osteodystrophy", "Synonyms": ["2q37 deletion syndrome"], "Causes": ["Pseudohypoparathyroidism", "Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism"], "Effects": ["Short stature", "Obesity", "Mental retardation", "Moon face", "Microstomia", "Dental hypoplasia", "Shortened fourth metacarpal", "Shortened fifth metacarpal", "Brachydactyly", "Ectopic calcification", "Tetany", "Hypocalcaemia", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Excess parathyroid hormone"], "Parents": ["Congenital skeletal dysplasia"], "Description": ["\"Autosomal dominant\n2q37 deletion syndrome\""]}
,{"Name": "Bowel ischaemia", "Synonyms": ["Mesenteric ischaemia", "Gut ischaemia", "Ischaemic bowel", "Ischaemic gut"], "Causes": ["Bowel hernia", "Ischaemic colitis", "Arterial embolus", "Mesenteric vein thrombosis", "Volvulus", "Abdominal surgery", "Intussusception"], "Effects": ["Bowel infarction", "Bile salt malabsorption"], "Parents": ["Ischaemia"], "Description": ["\"An ischaemic bowel can produce large amounts of lactate.\nMesenteric ischaemia can cause a severe lactic acidosis even if perfusion in the rest of the body is adequate. \nThis situation can easily be overlooked especially in those cases where abdominal clinical signs are minimal.\""]}
,{"Name": "Familial lipodystrophy", "Effects": ["Insulin resistance", "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis"], "Parents": ["Lipodystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Gut electrolyte loss", "Synonyms": ["GI electrolyte loss"], "Causes": ["Diarrhoea", "Repeated vomiting", "Enterocolic fistula", "Villous adenoma of rectum", "Small bowel obstruction", "Laxative abuse", "Ileostomy", "Ileus", "Bowel obstruction"], "Effects": ["Dehydration", "Hyponatraemia", "Hypokalaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Fungal endocarditis", "Parents": ["Infective endocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Hydramnios", "Synonyms": ["Polyhydramnios"], "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome", "Patau syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Anencephaly", "Duodenal atresia", "Diabetes mellitus", "Multiple birth", "Hydrops fetalis"], "Effects": ["Abnormal fetal presentation", "Umblical cord prolapse"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Treatments": ["Amniocentesis"], "Description": ["\"Incidence = 1%\n\nNormal: 32 wk = 750 mL. \n\nCaused by:\n Fetal anomalies impairing ability to swallow amniotic fluid:\n a) Gastrointestinal blockage\n b) CNS defect\n\n50%  idiopathic\n\nPerinatal mortality in idiopathic cases is similar to normal pregnancies.\""]}
,{"Name": "Anti-smooth muscle antibody", "Synonyms": ["Antismooth muscle antibody", "Anti-SMA"], "Effects": ["Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Type I chronic active hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Mediastinal tumour", "Effects": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion"]}
,{"Name": "Left hemifascicular block", "Causes": ["Ostium primum atrial septal defect"], "Parents": ["Heart block"]}
,{"Name": "HIV-associated nephropathy", "Causes": ["Human immunodeficiency virus"], "Effects": ["Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis", "Renal sodium and water loss", "Hyperkalaemia", "Hypocalcaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia", "Causes": ["Haemolytic anaemia", "Haemoglobinaemia", "UDP-glucuronase deficiency", "Contusion"], "Parents": ["Hyperbilirubinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia", "Synonyms": ["IgM globulinaemia", "Waldenstroem macroglobulinaemia", "Waldenstr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdm macroglobulinaemia"], "Causes": ["Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance"], "Effects": ["Paraproteinaemia", "Type I cryoglobulinaemia", "Cold antibody haemolysis", "Plasmacytoid cell", "Dutcher cell", "Crystalline keratopathy", "Amyloid light chain", "Demyelination of peripheral nerve"], "Parents": ["Plasma cell neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Extravascular haemolysis", "Causes": ["Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Hereditary spherocytosis", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Hypersplenism", "Erythroblastosis fetalis", "Ineffective erythropoiesis", "Wilson's disease", "Zieve syndrome", "McLeod syndrome"], "Effects": ["Haemolytic anaemia", "Splenomegaly", "Spherocyte", "Haptoglobin normal", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Jaundice", "Splenic vein thrombosis"], "Parents": ["Haemolysis"], "Description": ["\"Mechanism:\nspleen and liver macrophages :\n   - ingest small portions of the RBC membrane creating spherocytes or \n  - phagocytethe RBCs.\n\nBiochem:\n  - Hemoglobin is broken down intracellularly.\n  - Free hemoglobin is not released directly into the blood and urine.\n  - Hemoglobin breakdown products are increased (hyperbilirubinemia)\n\n  - Haptoglobin does not  decrease \n  - No haemoglobinuria\n  - No haemosiderinuria\n\nLDH increases  as in Intravascular haemolysis\n\n\nOthers:\nHepatosplenomegaly since these are sites of RBC destruction. \n\nChronically elevated levels of bilirubin  promote gallstones.\""]}
,{"Name": "Flutamide", "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Urological drug", "Hormonal manipulation"], "Treats": ["Prostate cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Itraconazole", "Parents": ["Anti-fungal agent", "P450 enzyme inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Onychomycosis", "Cutaneous leishmaniasis", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Coccidioides immitis"]}
,{"Name": "S5 root lesion", "Causes": ["Cauda equina syndrome"], "Effects": ["Perianal sensory loss"], "Parents": ["Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Genitourinary malformation", "Causes": ["Prune-belly syndrome"], "Parents": ["Congenital malformation"], "Children": ["Renal agenesis", "Horseshoe kidney", "Crossed ectopia kidney", "Medullary sponge kidney", "Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Duplex ureters", "Vesico-ureteric reflux", "Bladder exstrophy", "Bladder diverticulum", "Patent urachus", "Posterior urethral valve", "Hypospadias", "Cryptorchidism", "Bicornuate uterus", "Septate Uterus", "Mullerian agenesis"]}
,{"Name": "Hydrocortisone", "Parents": ["Glucocorticoid", "Mineralocorticoid"], "Treats": ["Acne rosacea", "Adrenal crisis", "Adrenocortical insufficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Cat scratch fever", "Synonyms": ["Cat-scratch fever", "Bartonella henselae", "Teeny's disease"], "Causes": ["Canine or feline"], "Effects": ["Vesicle", "Generalised lymphadenopathy"], "Parents": ["Bartonella", "Zoonosis"], "Description": ["\"Most healthy people will clear the infection without treatment.\nintracellular gram negative bacterium Bartonella henselae.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cavernous breath sounds", "Synonyms": ["amphoric breath sound"], "Causes": ["Bronchiectasis", "Tuberculous cavitation"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"]}
,{"Name": "Dizziness", "Synonyms": ["Dizzy", "Off balance", "Impaired balance", "Light-headedness", "Light headed", "Dysequilibrium"], "Causes": ["Postural hypotension", "Hypovolaemia", "Hypoglycaemia", "Vertigo", "Labyrinthitis", "Panic attack", "Hyperventilation", "Low intracranial pressure"], "Parents": ["Constitutional symptom", "Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Gestational trophoblastic disease", "Effects": ["High human chorionic gonadotrophin"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Children": ["Hydatidiform mole", "Choriocarcinoma"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "ATP7B gene mutation", "Effects": ["Wilson's disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 13q14.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Synonyms": ["Small-cell lung cancer", "Oat cellcarcinoma"], "Causes": ["Eaton-Lambert syndrome"], "Effects": ["Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion", "PTH-related protein secretion", "Dexamethasone suppression fails", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Ganglionopathy"], "Parents": ["Bronchial carcinoma", "Neuroendocrine tumour"], "Treatments": ["Cyclophosphamide", "Doxorubicin", "Cisplatin", "Etoposide", "Vincristine"], "Description": ["\" 20% of broncial carcinoma unresectable.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Down syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Trisomy 21"], "Causes": ["Non-dysjunction", "Robertsonian translocation", "Trisomy 21"], "Effects": ["Short stature", "Mental retardation", "Brachycephaly", "Hypertelorism", "Prominent epicanthic folds", "Upward slanting palpebral fissures", "Brushfield spot", "Nystagmus", "Bruxism", "Low-set ears", "Macroglossia", "Simian palmar crease", "Shortened fifth metacarpal", "Dermatoglyphics", "Divarication recti", "Joint hypermobility", "Sandal gap", "Atrioventricular septal defect", "Ventricular septal defect", "Ostium primum atrial septal defect", "Tetralogy of Fallot", "Fenestrated semilunar valves", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Duodenal atresia", "Neonatal hypotonia", "Non-hodgkin lymphoma", "Leukaemia", "Alzheimer disease", "Raised alpha-fetoprotein", "Coeliac disease", "Alopecia areata", "Anterior scalloping", "Congenital strabismus", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension", "Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy", "Congenital deafness"], "Parents": ["Trisomy"], "Description": ["\"6% are translocations\n2% are mosaics\nNamed after John Langdon Down", "British physician  1866\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Fontanelle closure delayed", "Causes": ["Cranio-cleido dysostosis"]}
,{"Name": "Phacoemulsification", "Parents": ["Ophthalmological surgery"], "Treats": ["Acquired cataract"]}
,{"Name": "Varicose veins of leg", "Causes": ["Old age", "Female gender", "Pregnancy", "Obesity", "Polygenic inheritance", "Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome", "Klinefelter syndrome"], "Effects": ["Calf pain", "Venous ulcer", "Cutaneous haemosiderosis", "Lipodermatosclerosis", "Pitting ankle oedema", "Saphena varix", "Deep vein thrombosis"], "Parents": ["Varicose vein"], "Treatments": ["Varicose vein surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Connective tissue disease", "Effects": ["Constitutional symptom", "Raised ESR", "Anaemia of chronic disease", "Splenomegaly", "Fever of unknown origin", "Malaise"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease"], "Children": ["Collagen vascular disease", "Primary vasculitis", "Mixed connective tissue disease"], "Treatments": ["Immunosuppressant drug"]}
,{"Name": "Multifocal motor neuropathy", "Synonyms": ["MMN"], "Causes": ["Anti-GM1 antibody"], "Effects": ["Demyelination of peripheral nerve", "Motor conduction block", "Asymmetrical neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous immunoglobulin"], "Description": ["\"Looks like MND", "Conduction block in motor nerves\nAll CN spared except XII. No sensory involvement\nIVIG: 22% in remission at 2 yrs\""]}
,{"Name": "Hydrops fetalis", "Causes": ["Rhesus incompatibility", "Alpha thalassaemia", "Iron deficiency anaemia", "Gestational diabetes", "Cytomegalovirus", "Turner syndrome", "Fetal anaemia"], "Effects": ["Fetal tachycardia", "Neonatal respiratory distress", "Hydramnios", "Reduced fetal movement", "Ante-partum haemorrhage", "Fetal heart failure"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Treatments": ["Intrauterine blood transfusion", "Induction of labor", "Caesarian section"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 0.1%\n\nDefinition: Oedema", "in at least 2 fetal compartments\n\nLocations :\n -subcutaneous tissue/scalp\n - pleural effusion\n - pericardial effusion\n - ascites\n \nResult of fetal anemia", "when the heart needs to pump \na much greater volume of blood to deliver the same amount of oxygen.\n\nHigh fetal mortality.\n\nIncidence decreased with wide use of passive immunization: \nRh immunoglobulin for Rh-negative mothers at 28 weeks. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy", "Synonyms": ["Doyne honeycombe choroiditis", "Malattia leventinese", "Doyne disease", "Doyne retinal degeneration", "Doyne's choroiditis", "DHRD"], "Effects": ["Drusen", "Bilateral visual failure"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 2p21\""]}
,{"Name": "Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia", "Synonyms": ["CPEO"], "Causes": ["Kearns-Sayre syndrome"], "Effects": ["Complex ophthalmoplegia"], "Parents": ["Mitochondrial chromosome disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Etomidate", "Effects": ["Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["General anaesthetic"]}
,{"Name": "Verruca", "Synonyms": ["Plantar wart", "Plantar papilloma"], "Causes": ["Human papilloma virus"], "Effects": ["Face lump"], "Parents": ["Papilloma", "Contagious disease"]}
,{"Name": "Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency", "Parents": ["X-linked dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Electrolysis", "Parents": ["Ophthalmological surgery"], "Treats": ["Trichiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Anthracycline", "Effects": ["Restrictive cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Tetracycline"]}
,{"Name": "S234 root lesion", "Synonyms": ["S2 S3 S4 lesion", "Nerve root lesion to S2 S3 or S4", "S234 radiculopathy", "Midsacral radiculopathy"], "Causes": ["Cauda equina syndrome"], "Effects": ["Neurogenic bladder", "Urethral sphincter dysfunction", "Pelvic floor weakness", "Anal sphincter dysfunction"], "Parents": ["Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Fasciotomy", "Treats": ["Compartment syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphopaenia", "Synonyms": ["Lymphocytopaenia", "Lymphopenia"], "Causes": ["Human immunodeficiency virus", "Immunosuppression", "Legionella", "Ataxia telangiectasia", "Abnormal sialophorin"], "Effects": ["Hairy leukoplakia"], "Parents": ["Leukopaenia"], "Treatments": ["Isolation"]}
,{"Name": "Urological drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Alpha adrenoceptor blocker", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Finasteride", "Gonadotropin analogue", "Testosterone replacement", "Goserelin", "Leuprolein", "Flutamide", "Bicalutamide", "Prostaglandin E1", "Sildenafil", "Duloxetine", "Potassium citrate"]}
,{"Name": "Altered sensation of taste", "Synonyms": ["Taste disturbance", "Altered taste", "Dysgeusia", "Ageusia", "Altered sense of taste"], "Causes": ["Mucosal erosion", "Penicillamine", "Captopril", "Zinc deficiency", "H1-antagonist", "Amiloride", "Lead poisoning", "Facial nerve palsy", "Parkinson's disease"], "Parents": ["Oral symptom", "Neurological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Schizophrenia", "Causes": ["HLA-A28", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Schneider first rank criterion", "Psychosis", "Flat affect", "Catatonia", "Stupor", "Depression", "Apathy"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric disease"], "Treatments": ["Neuroleptic drug"], "Description": ["\"Aetiology: genetic (MZ/DZ = 4)", "dopamine hypothesis", "schizophrenogenic mother\n1:100", "mean age of onset 18 in men", "25 in women\""]}
,{"Name": "Platelet activating factor", "Synonyms": ["PAF-acether", "Acetyl-glyceryl-ether-phosphorylcholine", "AGEPC"], "Causes": ["Phospholipase A2 activation"], "Effects": ["Peripheral vasodilatation", "Bronchoconstriction", "Eosinophilia"]}
,{"Name": "Galactosyl uridylyltransferase deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Classical galactosaemia"], "Parents": ["Galactosaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Defective T-cell function", "Synonyms": ["T-cell dysfunction", "Thymus lymphocyte dysfunction"], "Causes": ["Bloom syndrome", "Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency", "Common variable immunodeficiency", "Severe combined immunodeficiency", "Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome"], "Effects": ["Severe T-cell immunodeficiency", "Whipple's disease"], "Parents": ["Immunological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Geographic tongue", "Causes": ["Vitamin B12 deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Optic neuropathy", "Synonyms": ["Optic nerve damage"], "Causes": ["Optic neuritis", "Methanol", "Lead poisoning", "Arsenic", "Thyroid eye disease", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Takayasu arteritis"], "Effects": ["Optic atrophy"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Description": ["\"Impairment of function of optic nerve\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypothyroidism", "Synonyms": ["Myxoedema", "Cretinoid state"], "Causes": ["Iodine deficiency", "Carbimazole", "Thyroidectomy", "Radioiodine therapy", "Hashimoto thyroiditis", "Subacute thyroiditis", "Panhypopituitarism", "Lithium", "Amiodarone", "Sick euthyroidism", "Dysbetalipopriteinaemia", "Cystinosis", "Pendred syndrome", "Refetoff syndrome", "Potassium perchlorate", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Riedel thyroiditis"], "Effects": ["Fatigue", "Weight gain", "Dry skin", "Cold skin", "Toad-like facies", "Peaches and cream complexion", "Lateral eyebrow hair loss", "Periorbital oedema", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Depression", "Sinus bradycardia", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Proximal myopathy", "Slow-relaxing reflex", "Delayed relaxation of ankle jerk", "Decreased gut motility", "Metabolic neuropathy", "Menorrhagia", "Hypothermia", "Coma", "Prolonged QT interval", "Low-voltage T wave", "Hypoglycaemia", "Hypertension", "Macrocytosis", "Non-megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia", "Raised thyroid stimulating hormone", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "High low-density lipoprotein", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Homocysteinaemia", "Cretinism", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "High plasma urate", "Chondrocalcinosis", "Basophilia", "Pseudodementia", "Trotter syndrome", "Pericarditis", "Cerebellar lesion", "Hoffman syndrome", "Digoxin toxicity", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Transudate pleural effusion", "Acanthocytosis", "Anorexia", "Amenorrhoea", "Reduced fetal movement", "Hoarse voice", "Coarse hair", "Anovulatory cycle", "Delirium"], "Parents": ["Thyroid disease", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Treatments": ["Thyroxine"], "Description": ["\"Prevalence 2% of adults\nSubclinical hypothyroidism in 10% of adults\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Fibrofolliculoma", "Causes": ["Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Fibromas from hair follicle\nFace and upper trunk.\""]}
,{"Name": "Stellwag sign", "Synonyms": ["Infrequent blinking"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"infrequent or incomplete blinking associated with exophthalmos \""]}
,{"Name": "Coxsackie virus", "Synonyms": ["Cocksackie virus"], "Effects": ["Pericarditis", "Myocarditis", "Bornholm disease", "Acute pancreatitis", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Viral meningitis", "Vesicle", "Infective conjunctivitis"], "Parents": ["Enterovirus"]}
,{"Name": "Cosmetics", "Effects": ["Allergic contact dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Leprechaunism", "Effects": ["Insulin resistance"]}
,{"Name": "Cullen's sign", "Causes": ["Acute pancreatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Skin hair loss", "Causes": ["Limb ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"atrophic skin\""]}
,{"Name": "Congenital pelvic malformation", "Effects": ["Cephalopelvic disproportion"], "Parents": ["Shoulder dystocia", "Lower limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "High dexamethasone suppression succeeds", "Causes": ["Adrenocorticotrophic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma"], "Parents": ["Dexamethasone suppression test"]}
,{"Name": "Neurofibroma", "Causes": ["Neurofibromatosis I", "Gardener's syndrome"], "Effects": ["Mechanical effect on eyelid", "Subcutaneous nodule", "Precocious puberty", "Jugular foramen syndrome", "Retro-orbital mass", "Face lump", "Hand nodule"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"], "Description": ["\"Origin: \nNerve sheath - arise from Schwann cells and perineural fibroblasts)\n\nArise from nerves in the skin or just under the skin\n\nMobile in the transverse axis but not in the vertical axis\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Alpha adrenoceptor agonist", "Synonyms": ["Alpha agonist", "?-agonist", "? adrenoceptor agonist"], "Parents": ["Adrenoceptor drug", "Vasoconstrictor drug"], "Children": ["Noradrenaline", "Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist", "Alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Gut parasite", "Synonyms": ["Parasitic infection of gut", "Parasitic gastroenteritis"], "Causes": ["Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Strongyloides stercoralis"], "Parents": ["Infective gastroenteritis", "Parasitic infection"], "Children": ["Pinworm", "Fish tapeworm", "Strongyloides stercoralis"]}
,{"Name": "Blue sclera", "Synonyms": ["Blue sclerae"], "Causes": ["Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Pseudoxanthoma elasticum", "Marfan syndrome", "Cutis laxa"], "Parents": ["Scleral sign"]}
,{"Name": "Negative base excess", "Causes": ["Metabolic acidosis"], "Parents": ["Blood gas investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Pleurodesis", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Mesothelioma"]}
,{"Name": "Cor pulmonale", "Causes": ["Pulmonary hypertension"], "Effects": ["Right ventricular hypertrophy", "Right ventricular failure", "Loud P2", "Pulmonary regurgitation", "Plethoric face"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital renal disease", "Effects": ["Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Renal disease", "Congenital disease"], "Children": ["Meckel Gruber syndrome", "Alport syndrome", "Wilm's tumour", "Nephronophthisis", "Congenital renal malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Cystinuria", "Causes": ["SLC3A1 gene mutation", "SLC7A9 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Cystine stone"], "Parents": ["Renal metabolic disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Treatments": ["Penicillamine", "Captopril", "Potassium citrate"], "Description": ["\"Rx penicillamine or captopril.\nMutations in the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes. \nThese genes encode a transporter protein made primarily in the kidneys. \nPrevents  renal reabsorption of cysteine.\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyperactive delirium", "Parents": ["Delirium"]}
,{"Name": "Spinal trauma", "Synonyms": ["Back trauma", "Back injury", "Spinal injury"], "Effects": ["Spinal cord compression", "Neurogenic bladder", "Dislocation of odontoid peg", "Spontaneous intracranial hypotension", "Beevor's sign", "Cervical radiculopathy", "Low intracranial pressure"], "Parents": ["Trauma"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Defective B-cell function", "Synonyms": ["B-cell dysfunction", "Bone lymphocyte dysfunction"], "Causes": ["Common variable immunodeficiency", "Bruton agammaglobulinaemia", "Congenital IgA deficiency", "Severe combined immunodeficiency", "Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome", "Ataxia telangiectasia", "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia", "Good syndrome", "Bloom syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hypogammaglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Immunological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Whipple's traid", "Causes": ["Insulinoma"], "Description": ["\" 1.Symptoms known or likely to be caused by hypoglycemia\n 2.A low plasma glucose measured at the time of the symptoms\n 3.Relief of symptoms when the glucose is raised to normal\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Visual hallucination", "Causes": ["Morvan syndrome", "Lewy body dementia"], "Parents": ["Hallucination"]}
,{"Name": "Tubular casts", "Causes": ["Renal tubular damage"], "Parents": ["Urinary casts"]}
,{"Name": "Viral haemorrhagic shock", "Causes": ["Dengue fever", "Ebola virus", "Lassa fever", "Marburg virus"], "Effects": ["Diffuse pulmonary infection", "Pulmonary haemorrhage", "Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis", "Petechial rash", "Hyperthermia"]}
,{"Name": "Viral pneumonia", "Effects": ["Diffuse pulmonary infection"], "Parents": ["Pneumonia"], "Children": ["Pertussis"]}
,{"Name": "Suker sign", "Synonyms": ["Poor fixation on lateral gaze"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Inability to maintain fixation on extreme lateral gaze\""]}
,{"Name": "Joffroy sign", "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Absence of wrinkling of forehead on sudden upward gaze\""]}
,{"Name": "Coagulating toxin", "Causes": ["Gram negative sepsis", "Meningococcal septicaemia", "Snakebite", "Malaria", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis"], "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation"]}
,{"Name": "Filling defect", "Causes": ["Transitional cell carcinoma of ureter", "Uric acid stone", "Renal papillary necrosis", "Ureteric clot"], "Parents": ["Intravenous urogram sign"]}
,{"Name": "Crigler-Najjar syndrome", "Effects": ["UDP-glucuronase deficiency", "Hepatocellular jaundice", "Kernicterus"], "Parents": ["Bilurubin metabolism disorder"], "Children": ["Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1"], "Description": ["\"Mutation of UDP glucuronase gene:\nunable to conjugate bilirubin\""]}
,{"Name": "CHARGE syndrome", "Synonyms": ["CHARGE association"], "Causes": ["CHD7 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Coloboma", "Atresia of choanae", "Failure to thrive", "Growth retardation", "Congenital deafness", "Cryptorchidism", "Hypospadias", "Lop ears", "Low-set ears", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"Coloboma of the eye \nHeart defects\nAtresia of nasal choanae\nRetardation of growth \nGenito urinary abnormalities\nEar abnormalities and deafness.\""]}
,{"Name": "Ovalocytosis", "Causes": ["Megaloblastic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Scabies", "Causes": ["Sarcoptes scabiei", "Canine or feline"], "Effects": ["Skin irritation", "Pruritus", "Impetigo"], "Parents": ["Infectious skin disease", "Contagious disease", "Childhood infections"], "Treatments": ["Pyrethrin", "Ivermectin", "Benzyl benzoate"], "Description": ["\"from Latin: scabere", "to scratch\nIncidence UK 2%\""]}
,{"Name": "Herpetic whitlow", "Causes": ["Herpes simplex virus"]}
,{"Name": "Colposuspension", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Stress incontinence"]}
,{"Name": "Ependymoma", "Causes": ["Neurofibromatosis II", "MEN I"], "Parents": ["Neurological tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Hypothermia", "Synonyms": ["Low core temperature", "Low temperature"], "Causes": ["Near drowning", "Fall in elderly", "Dementia", "Erythroderma", "Hypothyroidism", "Shapiro syndrome", "Blood transfusion"], "Effects": ["Sinus bradycardia", "Myotonia", "Acute pancreatitis", "J-wave", "Coma", "Shivering", "Left-shift of haemoglobin dissociation curve", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Prolonged QT interval", "Cold skin", "Asystole", "Rhabdomyolysis"], "Description": ["\"Rectal temperature <35 degrees Centigrade\""]}
,{"Name": "Endolymphatic sac tumour", "Causes": ["Von Hippel-Lindau disease"], "Parents": ["Nervous system tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Kussmaul respiration", "Synonyms": ["Kussmaul breathing"], "Causes": ["Metabolic acidosis"], "Parents": ["Respiratory sign"]}
,{"Name": "Blood in CSF", "Causes": ["Subarachnoid haemorrhage"], "Effects": ["Xanthochromic CSF"]}
,{"Name": "Mallet finger", "Synonyms": ["Baseball finger", "Dolphin finger"], "Causes": ["Sport injury"], "Parents": ["Acquired limb deformity"], "Treatments": ["Splints"], "Description": ["\"Injury of the extensor digitorum tendon of the fingers at the distal interphalangeal joint.\nHappens when catching a fast moving ball.\n\nThe tip of the finger bends downwards while the rest of the finger stays straight.\""]}
,{"Name": "Haptoglobin normal", "Causes": ["Extravascular haemolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Myocardial disease", "Synonyms": ["Heart muscle disease"], "Effects": ["Left ventricular failure"], "Parents": ["Heart disease"], "Children": ["Cardiomyopathy", "Myocarditis", "Myocardial ischaemia", "Myocardial infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Malignant infiltration of pericardium", "Synonyms": ["Malignant pericarditis"], "Effects": ["Pericarditis"], "Parents": ["Metastasis"]}
,{"Name": "Atrial septal defect", "Synonyms": ["ASD"], "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Noonan syndrome", "Turner syndrome", "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome"], "Effects": ["Left to right shunt", "Right ventricular hypertrophy", "Pulmonary flow murmur", "Fixed splitting of second heart sound", "Atrial fibrillation", "Right bundle branch block", "Myxoid degeneration", "Systemic thromboembolisation", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension"], "Parents": ["Left to right shunt", "Acyanotic heart disease"], "Children": ["Ostium primum atrial septal defect", "Ostium secundum atrial septal defect", "Patent sinus venosus", "Patent foramen ovale"], "Treatments": ["Endovascular closure of ASD"], "Description": ["\"40% of all congenital heart diseases \nLeft to Right shunt - acyanotic\n\nSystemic hypertension (increased  left ventricular pressure) can worsen the left-to-right shunt. \n\nPulmonary hypertension can cause shunt reversal = Eisenmenger's syndrome\n\nTreatment:\nMay not need treatment if asymptomatic.\nSurgical closure of  defect successful in 90%\nMethod: Endovascular closure/Open surgical closure\n\n\nTypes:\nOstium secundum ASD = aperture in second septum of fetal heart fails to close.\nCommonest type of ASD\nOstium secundum ASD + mitral valve stenosis = Lutembacher's syndrome\n\nOstium primum ASD = defect in  atrial septum at  level of tricuspid & mitral valves. \nMost common congenital heart defect in Down's syndrome.\nMore commonly classified as an atrio-ventricular septal defect.\nDifficult to repair.\n\nSinus venosus ASD = defect in septum involving  inflow of  SVC .\nLocated at  junction of  SVC and right atrium.\nAssociated with anomalous drainage of  right-sided pulmonary veins into  right atrium.\n\nSVC\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyperemesis gravidarum", "Causes": ["High human chorionic gonadotrophin"], "Effects": ["Dehydration", "Ketosis", "Weight loss", "Acute kidney injury", "Malnutrition", "Mallory-Weiss tear", "Thiamine deficiency", "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Repeated vomiting", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Antiemetic"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 2%\nPeak between 9-13 weeks\n\nDifficult to distinguish from the more common 'morning sickness'.\n\nDiagnosis:\n -Weight loss\n -Reduced urine output\n -Hypotension\n -Dehydration\n -Tachycardia\n\n\nUnlikely to harm baby.\nHowever", "left untreated= low birth weight.\""]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Wegeners granulomatosis", "Goodpasture syndrome", "Viral haemorrhagic shock", "Premature birth"], "Effects": ["Pleuritic chest pain", "Haemoptysis", "Transient bilateral lung shadowing", "Increased KCO"], "Parents": ["Parenchymal lung disease"]}
,{"Name": "Anal atresia", "Synonyms": ["Anal agenesis", "Imperforate anus"], "Causes": ["Trisomy 22", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Cat eye syndrome", "VATER syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Typhoid fever", "Synonyms": ["Typhoid"], "Causes": ["Salmonella typhi", "Faecal contamination of food"], "Effects": ["Bradycardia", "Rose spots", "Bowel perforation", "Delirium", "Erythema multiforme", "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Splenic response to infection", "Infectious encephalitis", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Bacterial endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Enteric fever", "Notifiable disease"], "Treatments": ["Ciprofloxacin", "Ceftriaxone", "Azithromycin", "Prophylactic immunisation"], "Description": ["\"The name typhoid means \"resembling typhus\" and comes from  the neuropsychiatric symptoms common to typhoid and typhus.\r\n Despite this similarity of their names", "typhoid fever and typhus are distinct diseases and are caused by different species of bacteria\""]}
,{"Name": "Atherosclerosis", "Synonyms": ["Atheromatous disease", "Arterial plaque disease", "Furring of arteries", "Narrowing of arteries"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking", "Diabetes mellitus", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Hypertension", "Polygenic inheritance", "Obesity", "Asian origin", "African origin", "Chronic renal failure", "Kidney transplant", "Male gender", "Old age"], "Effects": ["Coronary artery disease", "Peripheral vascular disease", "Aortic aneurysm", "Renal artery stenosis", "Cerebrovascular disease", "Arterial thrombosis", "Ruptured atheroma", "Abdominal arterial bruit", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Vascular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Chest pain", "Effects": ["Chest tightness"], "Parents": ["Pain", "Cardiovascular symptom"], "Children": ["Angina pectoris", "Musculoskeletal chest pain", "Pleuritic chest pain", "Referred chest pain", "Odynophagia", "Dull chest pain", "Interscapular chest pain", "Tietze syndrome", "Dermatomal pain", "Burning chest pain"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Synonyms": ["High prolactin level"], "Causes": ["Prolactinoma", "Growth hormone-secreting adenoma", "Hypothyroidism", "Pituitary adenoma", "Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis malfunction", "Metoclopramide", "Phenothiazine", "Sulpiride", "Atypical antipsychotic", "Reserpine", "Coitus", "Epileptic seizure", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Hormonal change in pregnancy", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Chronic renal failure"], "Effects": ["Galactorrhoea", "Amenorrhoea", "Impotence", "Gynaecomastia", "Anovulatory cycle", "Osteoporosis"], "Parents": ["Sex hormone imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Potassium channel opener", "Parents": ["Vasodilator"], "Children": ["Nicorandil", "Minoxidil", "Diazoxide"]}
,{"Name": "Mycosis fungoides", "Causes": ["Chronic T-cell leukaemia"], "Effects": ["Sezary cell", "Ichthyosis", "IgA nephropathy", "Poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare", "Pruritus"], "Parents": ["Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma"], "Treatments": ["Nitrogen mustard", "Psoralen and ultraviolet-A light", "Methotrexate", "Cyclophosphamide", "Radiotherapy", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Indolent.\nPatch stage", "plaque stage", "infiltration then systemic involvement\""]}
,{"Name": "Ritonavir", "Parents": ["Protease inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Diabetic neuropathy", "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Effects": ["Neuropathic pain", "Metabolic neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Peripheral neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Blau syndrome", "Effects": ["Non-caseating granuloma", "Ocular sarcoidosis", "Cutaneous sarcoidosis", "Polyarthralgia"]}
,{"Name": "Corticospinal tract lesion", "Causes": ["Myelopathy", "Tabes dorsalis", "Demyelination of central nervous system", "Mixed motor weakness", "Syringomyelia", "Anterior spinal artery occlusion", "Lathyrism", "Hereditory spastic paraparesis"], "Effects": ["Upper motor neurone lesion"], "Parents": ["Spinal cord pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Synacthen test", "Parents": ["Blood investigation"], "Children": ["No response to synacthen"]}
,{"Name": "Pregnancy", "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea", "Hormonal change in pregnancy", "Childbirth", "Sinus tachycardia", "High cardiac output state", "Hypertension", "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Increased vitamin B12 requirement", "Increased folate requirement", "Increased iron requirement", "Cholestasis of pregnancy", "Pruritus", "Blood change in pregnancy", "Complication of pregnancy", "High plasma urate", "Normal vaginal delivery", "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome", "Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy", "Pemphigoid gestationis", "Aortic dissection", "Cholelithiasis", "Sweating", "Stress incontinence", "Psoriasis", "Cholasma", "Hepatic vein thrombosis", "Varicose veins of leg", "Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"], "Parents": ["Obstetric condition"]}
,{"Name": "Gyrophilic brain disease", "Effects": ["Impaired vertical saccades"]}
,{"Name": "Mannitol", "Parents": ["Osmotic diuretic"], "Treats": ["Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Intracerebral haemorrhage", "Acute glaucoma"]}
,{"Name": "Tendon injury", "Causes": ["Soft tissue injury"]}
,{"Name": "Fall", "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Backward falls", "Fall in elderly"]}
,{"Name": "Spinal abscess", "Effects": ["Spinal cord compression"], "Parents": ["Pyogenic abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy", "Synonyms": ["ADNFLE", "CHRN mutation", "Nicotinic acetyl choline receptor mutation", "NAchR mutation"], "Parents": ["Channelopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Thickened peripheral nerves", "Synonyms": ["Palpable peripheral nerves"], "Causes": ["Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Lamivudine", "Parents": ["Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Burr cells", "Parents": ["Schistocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Protein 14-3-3", "Causes": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"], "Parents": ["Lumbar puncture"]}
,{"Name": "Chromosomal abnormalities", "Children": ["Trisomy 21", "Monosomy X", "47XXY", "Monosomy 5p", "Trisomy 18"]}
,{"Name": "External fixation", "Treats": ["Pelvic fracture"], "Description": ["\"Closed surgery\""]}
,{"Name": "Warthin tumour", "Synonyms": ["Benign ectopic salivary gland"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking"], "Effects": ["Unilateral parotid swelling", "Cystic"], "Parents": ["Parotid tumour", "Benign neoplasm", "Salivary gland tumours"], "Children": ["Total Parotidectomy"], "Treatments": ["Neck surgery"], "Description": ["\"Benign\nContains abundant lymphocytes.\nSmokers are at 8 times greater risk .\nBilateral 10%\""]}
,{"Name": "Non-union", "Synonyms": ["Nonunion"], "Causes": ["Intracapsular fracture neck of femur", "Avascular necrosis", "Intertrochanteric fracture"], "Effects": ["Pseudoarthrosis"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"], "Treatments": ["Orthopaedic surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Entrapment neuropathy", "Causes": ["Compression of peripheral nerve"], "Parents": ["Mononeuropathy"], "Children": ["Wartenberg syndrome", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Meralgia paraesthetica"]}
,{"Name": "Neurodegenerative disorder", "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"], "Children": ["Parkinson's disease", "Progressive supranuclear palsy", "Multiple system atrophy", "Lewy body dementia", "Anterior horn cell disease", "Kufor Rakeb disease", "Spinocerebellar ataxia", "Sphingolipidosis", "Huntington disease", "Neurofilament inclusion disease", "Corticobasal degeneration", "Menke syndrome", "Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation"]}
,{"Name": "Enterocolic fistula", "Synonyms": ["Bowel-bowel fistula"], "Causes": ["Crohn's disease", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Diverticulitis", "Irradiation", "Abdominal trauma", "Abdominal surgery"], "Effects": ["Gut electrolyte loss", "Bowel bacterial overgrowth"], "Parents": ["Abdominal fistula", "Barium sign"], "Description": ["\"Most gastrointestinal fistulas occur after surgery- Iatrogenic!\""]}
,{"Name": "Dithranol", "Parents": ["Lotion"], "Treats": ["Alopecia areata", "Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Growth retardation", "Synonyms": ["Stunted growth"], "Causes": ["GRACILE syndrome", "Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency", "CHARGE syndrome", "Ketogenic diet"]}
,{"Name": "Sturge-Weber syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis"], "Effects": ["Port wine stain", "Meningeal angioma", "Seizure", "Acute glaucoma", "Hemiparesis", "Mental retardation", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Buphthalmos", "Optic atrophy", "Choroidal haemangioma"], "Parents": ["Phakomatosis", "Cavernous haemangioma", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Treatments": ["Symptomatic treatment", "Anticonvulsant drug"], "Description": ["\"Meningeal angioma on same side as port wine stain\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Infarction", "Synonyms": ["Infarct"], "Causes": ["Ischaemia"], "Effects": ["Necrosis"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Myocardial infarction", "Pulmonary infarct", "Diffuse organ infarcts", "Vascular dementia", "Bowel infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Hydrocoele", "Causes": ["Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Wucheria bancrofti"], "Effects": ["Scrotal swelling"]}
,{"Name": "Myalgia", "Synonyms": ["Muscle pain"], "Causes": ["Polymyalgia rheumatica", "Myositis", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Paroxysmal myoglobinuria", "Trichinella spiralis", "HIV seroconversion illness", "Dengue fever", "Addison disease", "Generalised anxiety disorder", "Listerosis", "Trichinellosis", "Ehrlichiosis", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever"], "Parents": ["Pain"]}
,{"Name": "Conjugate gaze paresis", "Synonyms": ["Conjugate gaze palsy", "Conjunct gaze palsy"], "Causes": ["Foville syndrome"], "Parents": ["Ophthalmoplegia"]}
,{"Name": "Diabetes insipidus", "Synonyms": ["DI"], "Effects": ["Polydipsia", "Dehydration", "Hypoosmolar urine", "Impaired concentrating ability"], "Parents": ["Diabetes"], "Children": ["Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "Cranial diabetes insipidus"], "Treatments": ["Desmopressin"], "Description": ["\"Water deprivation test (ensure plasma osmolarity >298) fails to concentrate urine\n\n\nFluid deprivation test differentiates Psychogenic polydipsia from Diabetes Insipidus\n\nDesmopressin stimulation : \nCranial DI :           Reduces urine output and increases osmolarity. \nNephrogenic DI:  No change in  urine output or osmolarity\""]}
,{"Name": "Polygenic inheritance", "Synonyms": ["Familial disorder", "Family history"], "Effects": ["Essential hypertension", "Atherosclerosis", "Obesity", "Gestational diabetes", "Pre-eclampsia", "Cholestasis of pregnancy", "Atopy", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Carcinoma of breast", "Prostate cancer", "Wilm's tumour", "Malignant melanoma", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Uterine fibroid", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Osteoarthritis", "Chronic glaucoma", "Myopia", "Hypermetropia", "Acne vulgaris", "Ichthyosis", "Cholasma", "Hashimoto thyroiditis", "Congenital pyloric stenosis", "Dupuytren's contracture", "Schizophrenia", "Anxiety disorder", "Bipolar disorder", "Autism spectrum disorder", "Congenital malformation", "Varicose veins of leg", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Insulin resistance"], "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Description": ["\"Effect of multiple genes in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors. \nThe diseases tend to run in families", "but the inheritance does not fit simple patterns as with Mendelian diseases. \nHowever with time", "the genes may eventually be located. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Parkinsonism", "Causes": ["Parkinson's disease", "Neuroleptic drug", "Progressive supranuclear palsy", "Multiple system atrophy", "Corticobasal degeneration", "Arteriosclerosis of basal ganglia", "Wilson's disease", "MPTP toxicity", "Carbon monoxide toxicity", "Encephalitis", "Olivopontocerebellar degeneration", "DYT3", "Manganese", "MAPT gene mutation", "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy"], "Effects": ["Resting tremor", "Lead pipe rigidity", "Cogwheel rigidity", "Bradykinesia", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Neurogenic bladder"], "Treatments": ["Occupational therapy", "Levodopa", "Dopamine receptor agonist", "Selegiline", "Catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor", "Amantadine", "Anticholinergic drug", "Benzhexol", "Apomorphine", "Deep brain stimulation", "Thalamotomy", "Lamotrigine"]}
,{"Name": "Spastic paralysis", "Synonyms": ["Spastic paraparesis", "Pyramidal weakness", "Corticospinal weakness"], "Causes": ["Upper motor neurone lesion"], "Effects": ["Muscle weakness", "Hyperreflexia", "Clasp knife rigidity", "Increased muscle tone", "Myoclonus", "Babinski sign positive", "Hoffman reflex", "Wartenberg sign", "Mayer sign", "Rossolimo sign", "Gordon reflex positive", "Oppenheim sign", "Bing reflex", "Schaefer reflex", "Chaddock reflex", "Gonda reflex", "Ankle clonus"], "Parents": ["Paresis"], "Children": ["Cerebral palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Boutonniere deformity", "Synonyms": ["Boutonni\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdre deformity"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid arthritis"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Acquired limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Bromocriptine", "Effects": ["Increased growth hormone secretion", "Decreased aldosterone", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Ergot alkaloid", "Dopamine receptor agonist"], "Treats": ["Acromegaly", "Fibrocystic disease of the breast", "Prolactinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Posterior uveitis", "Effects": ["Loss of vision", "Choroiditis"], "Parents": ["Uveitis"], "Description": ["\"Commonly idiopathic\""]}
,{"Name": "Chronic active hepatitis", "Synonyms": ["Autoimmune hepatitis", "Hepatic CAH", "AIH"], "Causes": ["HLA-DR3", "HLA-A1", "HLA-B8", "Anti-soluble liver anigen", "Anti-measles antibody", "Ulcerative colitis"], "Effects": ["Chronic liver disease", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Raised IgG", "Piecemeal necrosis", "Positive VDRL", "Demyelination of peripheral nerve"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis", "Autoimmune liver disease"], "Children": ["Type I chronic active hepatitis", "Type II chronic active hepatitis"], "Treatments": ["Ursodeoxycholic acid", "Prednisolone", "Azathioprine", "Tacrolimus", "Liver transplant"], "Description": ["\"Antibodies to hepatocyte surface antigens\""]}
,{"Name": "Avascular necrosis", "Synonyms": ["AVN"], "Causes": ["Intracapsular fracture neck of femur", "Perthe disease", "Scaphoid fracture", "Corticosteroid", "Bisphosphonate", "Sickle cell crisis", "Caisson disease", "Arterial embolus", "Primary vasculitis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Antiphospholipid syndrome"], "Effects": ["Non-union"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology", "Bone infarct"]}
,{"Name": "Multiple transfusion", "Synonyms": ["Massive blood transfusion"], "Causes": ["Blood transfusion"], "Effects": ["Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Hypocalcaemia", "Hyperkalaemia"], "Treats": ["Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Intracranial space occupying lesion", "Synonyms": ["SOL", "Intracranial space-occupying lesion"], "Causes": ["Brain tumour", "Brain metastasis", "Intracranial bleed", "Brain abscess", "Berry aneurysm", "Vascular malformation of brain"], "Effects": ["Raised intracranial pressure", "Blocked CSF drainage", "Foster Kennedy syndrome", "Cerebral lesion"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"], "Children": ["Posterior fossa space occupying lesion"], "Treatments": ["Brain surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal trauma", "Causes": ["Pelvic fracture"], "Effects": ["Splenic tear", "Abruptio placentae", "Enterocolic fistula", "Rupture bladder"], "Parents": ["Trauma"]}
,{"Name": "Genu varum", "Causes": ["Achondroplasia"], "Parents": ["Joint sign", "Lower limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Mycobacterium avium intracellulare", "Synonyms": ["Mycobacterium avium complex", "MAI", "MAC"], "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Opportunistic gut infection", "Mycobacterial infection"], "Description": ["\"Disseminated infection if CD4 < 50\""]}
,{"Name": "Exposure to wind", "Effects": ["Pterygium of the eye"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Sprengel's shoulder", "Causes": ["Female gender", "Klippel-Feil syndrome"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"], "Description": ["\"Congenital.\nOne shoulder blade  sits higher on the back than the other.\nStrong association with Klippel Feil syndrome.\nTreatment is surgical.\""]}
,{"Name": "Reduced fetal movement", "Causes": ["Fetal malnutrition", "Perinatal hypoxia", "Umblical cord copmpression", "Cigarette smoking", "Narcotic", "Hypothyroidism", "Hydrops fetalis", "Fetal stress"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Description": ["\"Less than 10 movements in two hours\n(No consensus on what is a 'normal' number of fetal movements because these\n vary from 4 to 100 per hour)\n\nIncidence 20%\n\nSignificance:\n70 per cent of women with one episode of RFM will have  normal outcome. \n5 per cent will have recurrence  that should be taken seriously as it is associated\n with a poor outcome.\n\nManagement:\nLack of prompt management is a contributing factor for stillbirth.\nHowever there is no consensus on the correct mangement.\""]}
,{"Name": "Leigh disease", "Effects": ["Dystonia"]}
,{"Name": "Spinal cord tumour", "Causes": ["Bone metastasis"], "Effects": ["Spinal cord compression", "Posterior scalloping", "Nerve root lesion"], "Parents": ["Spinal cord pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Salmon patch cornea", "Synonyms": ["Corneal vascularisation"], "Causes": ["Interstitial keratitis"], "Parents": ["Corneal sign"], "Description": ["\"Underlying radiating brush-like vascularisation\""]}
,{"Name": "Ventricular arrhythmia", "Causes": ["Quinine", "Electrical shock"], "Parents": ["Cardiac arrhythmia"], "Children": ["Ventricular extrasystole", "Asystole", "Pulseless electrical activity", "Cardiac arrest", "Heart block", "Bigeminy", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"]}
,{"Name": "Orotic acid stone", "Causes": ["Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Renal calculi"]}
,{"Name": "Insomnia", "Synonyms": ["Sleep loss", "Agrypnia", "Agrypnia excitata"], "Causes": ["Mania", "Hypothalamic syndrome", "Thyroxine", "Phenytoin", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Beta adrenoceptor agonist", "Methylphenidate", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Morvan syndrome", "Ethosuximide", "Post menopause", "Generalised anxiety disorder"], "Parents": ["Sleep disorder"], "Treatments": ["Sedative drug"]}
,{"Name": "Sacral agenesis", "Parents": ["Lower limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperchloraemic acidosis", "Synonyms": ["Normal anion-gap acidosis"], "Causes": ["Diarrhoea", "Acetazolamide", "Ureto-sigmoid anastomosis", "Pancreaticoduodenal fistula", "Proximal renal tubule acidosis"], "Description": ["\"85% of filtered bicarbonate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and the remaining 15% is reabsorbed in the rest of the tubule. \nIn patients receiving acetazolamide (or other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)", "proximal reabsorption of bicarbonate is decreased and distal delivery is increased. The distal tubule has only a limited capacity to reabsorb bicarbonate. \""]}
,{"Name": "Sulphonylurea", "Synonyms": ["Sulfonylurea"], "Effects": ["Erythema multiforme", "Lichen planus", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["P450 enzyme inducer", "Oral hypoglycaemic", "Sulphonamide"], "Children": ["Glibenclamide", "Gliclazide"]}
,{"Name": "Dehydration", "Causes": ["Sweating", "Renal sodium and water loss", "Gut electrolyte loss", "Diabetes insipidus", "Burn", "Alcohol", "Erythroderma", "Ulcerative colitis", "Congenital pyloric stenosis", "Hyperemesis gravidarum", "Maple syrup urine disease", "Fanconi syndrome", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection"], "Effects": ["Hypovolaemia", "Xerostomia", "Polycythaemia", "Hypernatraemia", "Sickle cell crisis", "Dark urine", "Oliguria"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Oral water"]}
,{"Name": "Varicose vein", "Synonyms": ["Varix", "Varicosity"], "Parents": ["Vascular pathology"], "Children": ["Oesophageal varices", "Varicose veins of leg", "Haemorrhoid"]}
,{"Name": "Seborrhoeic keratosis", "Causes": ["Old age", "Leser-Trelat sign"]}
,{"Name": "Refractory anaemia", "Synonyms": ["Refractory cytopenia"], "Parents": ["Myelodysplastic syndrome"], "Description": ["\"<5% blasts in marrow\n<1% blasts in blood\""]}
,{"Name": "Renal metabolic disorder", "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Cystinuria", "Renal Glycosuria", "Bartter syndrome", "Lowe syndrome", "Fanconi syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Bunion", "Effects": ["Foot pain"]}
,{"Name": "Pityrosporum orbiculare", "Effects": ["Pityriasis versicolor"], "Parents": ["Yeast"]}
,{"Name": "Hypocalciuria", "Synonyms": ["Low urine calcium"], "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure", "Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia", "Milk-alkali syndrome"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Congestive heart failure triad", "Causes": ["Heart failure"], "Effects": ["Sinus tachycardia", "Tachypnoea", "Tender hepatomegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Patau syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Trisomy 13"], "Causes": ["Trisomy 13"], "Effects": ["Hydramnios", "Cleft palate", "Holoprosencephaly", "Microphthalmia", "Polydactyly", "Morgagni hernia", "Omphalocoele", "Renal cyst", "Ventricular septal defect", "Atrioventricular septal defect", "Hydronephrosis", "Congenital deafness", "Coloboma", "Horseshoe kidney"], "Parents": ["Trisomy"], "Description": ["\"Life expectancy 4 days\""]}
,{"Name": "Medical treatment", "Synonyms": ["Medical therapy"], "Parents": ["Treatment"], "Children": ["Drug", "Intravenous fluid", "Total parenteral nutrition", "Fluid restriction", "Oxygen", "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy", "Venesection", "Live vaccine"]}
,{"Name": "Vinblastine", "Parents": ["Vinca alkaloid"], "Treats": ["Kaposi sarcoma"]}
,{"Name": "Hermanski-Pudlak syndrome", "Effects": ["Oculocutaneous albinism", "Decreased platelet production"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Childbirth", "Synonyms": ["Delivery", "Parturition", "Labour", "Travail"], "Causes": ["Pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Abruptio placentae", "Puerperal period", "Complication of childbirth", "Stress incontinence"], "Children": ["Normal vaginal delivery"], "Treats": ["Pre-eclampsia", "Eclampsia"]}
,{"Name": "Shock", "Causes": ["Hypovolaemia", "Peripheral vasodilatation", "Ventricular fibrillation", "Heart failure", "Major pulmonary embolus", "Beck's triad", "Addisonian crisis"], "Effects": ["Capillary refill poor", "Hypoxic brain injury", "Ischaemic hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Blood pressure sign"], "Treatments": ["Metaraminol"]}
,{"Name": "Cannon waves", "Synonyms": ["Large steep a-waves"], "Causes": ["Pacemaker", "Ventricular extrasystole", "Third degree atrioventricular block", "Ventricular tachycardia"], "Parents": ["Jugular venous pressure sign"], "Description": ["\"Atria contract when tricuspid valve is closed\""]}
,{"Name": "ATP1A3 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Alternating hemiplegia of childhood", "Rapid onset dystonia parkinsonism", "Otohara syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Eschar", "Causes": ["Tic bite", "Cutaneous anthrax"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Cardiac surgery", "Effects": ["Septal damage", "Sick sinus syndrome", "Pericardial effusion", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Thoracic surgery"], "Children": ["Coronary artery bypass graft", "Valvotomy", "Prosthetic cardiac valve", "Blalock-Taussig shunt", "Heart transplant"]}
,{"Name": "Double apex beat", "Synonyms": ["Double apical impulse", "Palpable atrial beat"], "Causes": ["Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign"]}
,{"Name": "Lenticonus", "Synonyms": ["Conical protrusion of lens capsule"], "Causes": ["Alport syndrome"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Wolman disease", "Synonyms": ["Acid lipase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Hepatomegaly", "Splenomegaly", "Malabsorption state", "Adrenal calcification", "Abnormal white cell enzyme"], "Parents": ["Lipid storage disorder"], "Description": ["\"deficiency of  enzyme ' lysosomal acid lipase'(LAL)\nVery few  survive beyond the first year of life.\""]}
,{"Name": "Chronic gastritis", "Causes": ["Ciguatera", "Alcoholism"], "Effects": ["Anorexia", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Malignant transformation"], "Parents": ["Gastritis"]}
,{"Name": "Epileptic seizure", "Synonyms": ["Seizure disorder"], "Causes": ["Epilepsy", "Encephalitis", "Decreased seizure threshold"], "Effects": ["Seizure", "Incontinence", "Tongue biting", "Amnesia", "Drowsiness", "Coma", "Todd paresis", "Central hypoventilation", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Delirium"], "Parents": ["Seizure"], "Children": ["Grand mal", "Petit mal", "Focal seizure", "Benign familial neonatal convulsions"]}
,{"Name": "Pollen", "Effects": ["Allergic rhinitis", "Childhood asthma"]}
,{"Name": "Mass", "Causes": ["Hypernephroma triad"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Saint's Triad", "Causes": ["Cholelithiasis"], "Effects": ["Cholelithiasis", "Hiatus hernia", "Diverticular disease"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Straining at stool", "Synonyms": ["Dyschezia"], "Causes": ["Constipation"], "Effects": ["Valsalva manoevure", "Inguinal hernia"]}
,{"Name": "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis", "Synonyms": ["EAA"], "Effects": ["Constitutional symptom", "Cough", "Tachypnoea", "Transient bilateral lung shadowing", "Apical lung fibrosis", "Neutrophilic bronchoalveolar lavage", "Bronchiolitis obliterans", "Positive serum precipitin", "Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology", "Allergic disorder"], "Children": ["Farmer's lung", "Bird fancier's lung", "Malt worker's lung", "Cheese worker's lung", "Mushroom worker's lung", "Bagassosis", "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis"]}
,{"Name": "Eating disorder", "Synonyms": ["Psychological eating disorder"], "Parents": ["Appetite disturbance", "Neurotic disorder"], "Children": ["Anorexia nervosa", "Bulimia nervosa", "Geophagy"]}
,{"Name": "Benign essential tremor", "Synonyms": ["Essential tremor"], "Effects": ["Titubation"], "Parents": ["Tremor", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Treatments": ["Primidone", "Propranolol"], "Description": ["\"Congenital\""]}
,{"Name": "Anonychorrhexis", "Synonyms": ["Nail fragmentation"], "Causes": ["Alopecia areata"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Neck muscle strain", "Effects": ["Chronic headache", "Sternocleidomastoid tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Renal amyloidosis", "Causes": ["Myeloma renal disease", "Systemic amyloidosis"], "Effects": ["Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Green birefringence under Congo red", "Renal vein thrombosis", "Chronic renal failure", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease"], "Parents": ["Renal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic pulmonary infection", "Synonyms": ["Chronic chest infection", "Chronic pneumonia"], "Causes": ["Pneumonia", "Thick mucus", "Ciliary dysmotility", "Selective IgA deficiency", "Pertussis", "Measles", "Yellow nail syndrome"], "Effects": ["Bronchiectasis", "Basal lung fibrosis", "Unilateral lung fibrosis", "Anorexia"], "Parents": ["Chronic infection"]}
,{"Name": "Low erythropoietin", "Synonyms": ["Low EPo"], "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure", "Polycythaemia rubra vera"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"], "Treatments": ["Erythropoietin"]}
,{"Name": "Eaton-Lambert syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome", "LEMS"], "Causes": ["Voltage-gated calcium channel antibody"], "Effects": ["Neuromuscular blockade", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Proximal myopathy", "Small cell carcinoma of lung"], "Parents": ["Myasthenia", "Autoimmune neurological disease"], "Description": ["\"Autoimmune attackd against presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels.\""]}
,{"Name": "Glaucoma", "Synonyms": ["Raised intraocular pressure"], "Causes": ["African origin", "Corticosteroid", "Myopia", "Diabetes mellitus", "Synechia", "Lowe syndrome", "Stickler syndrome"], "Effects": ["Raised intraocular pressure", "Eye pain", "Conjunctival injection"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Children": ["Acute glaucoma", "Chronic glaucoma", "Thrombotic glaucoma"], "Treatments": ["Pilocarpine", "Acetazolamide", "Iridotomy"]}
,{"Name": "Microscopic haematuria", "Causes": ["Renal angiomyolipoma", "Non invasive transitional cell carcinoma of bladder"], "Parents": ["Haematuria"]}
,{"Name": "Alien limb", "Synonyms": ["Anarchic hand"], "Causes": ["Frontal lobe lesion"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Superficial keratitis", "Synonyms": ["Corneal ulcer"], "Causes": ["Ocular trauma", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Acne rosacea", "Haemophilus", "Amoebiasis", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Herpes simplex virus", "Dendritic ulcer", "Trigeminal neuropathy", "Contact lens", "Entropion", "Ectropion", "Chemical injury", "Photokeratitis", "Welding injury", "Rubella", "Thyroid eye disease"], "Effects": ["Eye pain", "Red eye", "Epiphora", "Photophobia", "Clouding of vision", "Corneal opacity", "Conjunctival injection", "Eye discharge"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Lung transplant", "Effects": ["Bronchiectasis"], "Parents": ["Transplant Surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Hot water bottle sign", "Causes": ["Pericardial effusion"]}
,{"Name": "Renal arteriosclerosis", "Synonyms": ["Nephrosclerosis"], "Causes": ["Hypertension", "Diabetic nephropathy"], "Effects": ["Acute kidney injury", "Malignant hypertension"], "Parents": ["Renal artery stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Triangle cells", "Parents": ["Schistocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "True hermaphroditism", "Effects": ["Ambiguous genitalia"], "Description": ["\"Very rare. both testicular and ovarian tissue present\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyperaminoaciduria", "Causes": ["Fanconi syndrome", "Lowe syndrome", "Fanconi triad"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Auer rods", "Causes": ["Acute myeloid leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Phlebitis", "Parents": ["Vascular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Meconium ileus", "Causes": ["Thick mucus"], "Effects": ["Ileus"], "Description": ["\"Not a true ileus", "but a mechanical obstruction.\""]}
,{"Name": "High cardiac output state", "Synonyms": ["High output state", "High-output state"], "Causes": ["Anaemia", "Pregnancy", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Paget disease", "Peripheral vasodilatation", "Arteriovenous malformation", "Thiamine deficiency", "Athletic heart"], "Effects": ["Hyperdynamic circulation", "Ejection systolic murmur", "Hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Chemosis", "Synonyms": ["Cheimosis", "Subconjunctival oedema"], "Causes": ["Hay fever", "Ophthalmic autonomic dysregulation", "Thyroid eye disease", "Cavernous sinus thrombosis", "Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Retinal vein occlusion", "Caroticocavernous fistula", "Cushing syndrome", "Acute glaucoma", "Angioedema", "Orbital cellulitis"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous leishmaniasis", "Synonyms": ["Espudia"], "Causes": ["Leishmania major"], "Effects": ["Cutaneous scarring"], "Treatments": ["Pentavalent antimony", "Pentamidine", "Amphotericin B", "Ketoconazole", "Itraconazole", "Dapsone"]}
,{"Name": "HTT gene mutation", "Effects": ["Huntington disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 4p16.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Bowen disease", "Synonyms": ["Bowen's disease"], "Effects": ["Squamous cell skin cancer", "Malignant transformation"], "Parents": ["Idiopathic skin disease"], "Children": ["Erythroplasia of Queyrat"]}
,{"Name": "Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing", "Synonyms": ["SUNCT", "Short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with autonomic features", "SUNA"], "Parents": ["Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia"], "Description": ["\"2s-3min", "100 per day\""]}
,{"Name": "Long thoracic nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["Bell's nerve palsy", "Nerve to serratus anterior palsy"], "Causes": ["Mastectomy", "Dislocation of shoulder"], "Effects": ["Winged scapula"], "Parents": ["Mononeuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Post-obstructive polyuria", "Synonyms": ["Post obstructive diuresis"], "Causes": ["Bladder outflow obstruction"], "Effects": ["Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus"], "Parents": ["Obstruction"], "Description": ["\"\nA frequent occurrence in the hospitalized setting\n\nA few patients will have marked polyuria (>4-5L per day) after release of bladder outflow obstruction.\n\nMechanism:\n1.Decreased tubular reabsorption of sodium secondary to altered expression of proximal and distal sodium transporters.\n\n2.Inability to  concentrate urine", "secondary to decreased response to ADH\n\n4.Increased production of prostaglandins immediately following relief of obstruction.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Aminoglycoside", "Effects": ["Ototoxicity", "Childhood deafness"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Children": ["Gentamicin", "Amikacin", "Neomycin"], "Treats": ["Pseudomonas aeruginosa"]}
,{"Name": "Tubo-ovarian abscess", "Causes": ["Mycoplasma pneumoniae"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological infection"]}
,{"Name": "Robertsonian translocation", "Synonyms": ["Translocation t(14`21)"], "Effects": ["Down syndrome"], "Parents": ["Parental chromosome abnormality", "Mutation"], "Description": ["\"Account for 6% of Down syndrome\nFemales carrying this have 1 in 8 chance of Down's baby\""]}
,{"Name": "Adalimumab", "Treats": ["Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Dopamine receptor antagonist", "Effects": ["Toxic encephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Haloperidol", "Phenothiazine", "Sulpiride", "Metoclopramide"]}
,{"Name": "Thallium", "Effects": ["Toxic neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Metoclopramide", "Effects": ["Increased gut motility", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Dystonia"], "Parents": ["Neuroleptic drug", "5-HT4 agonist", "Dopamine receptor antagonist"], "Treats": ["Achalasia cardia"], "Description": ["\"dopaminergic blockers.\n\nUses:\n- Anti-emetic.\n- Gastrokinetic - facilitates gastric emptying in people with gastroparesis.\n\nUse with caution in Parkinsons - dopamine antagonist\""]}
,{"Name": "Saddle nose", "Synonyms": ["Collapsed nasal bridge"], "Causes": ["Wegeners granulomatosis", "Relapsing polychondritis", "Congenital syphilis", "Lepromatous leprosy", "Nasal trauma"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Brain abscess", "Synonyms": ["Cerebral abscess"], "Causes": ["Cardiac vegetation", "Lung abscess", "Cysticercosis", "Chronic suppurative otitis media", "Listerosis"], "Effects": ["Cerebral lesion", "Intracranial space occupying lesion", "Delirium"], "Parents": ["Pyogenic abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome", "Effects": ["Port wine stain", "Varicose veins of leg", "Limb hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Combined Vascular Malformation"], "Description": ["\"Port wine stain over affected limb.\""]}
,{"Name": "Stridor", "Causes": ["Multinodular goitre", "Aspiration of gastric contents", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy", "Epiglottitis", "Croup", "Tetany"], "Parents": ["Respiratory sign"]}
,{"Name": "Zeef syndrome", "Causes": ["Alcoholic liver disease"], "Effects": ["Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Intravascular haemolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Placenta praevia", "Synonyms": ["Placenta previa"], "Causes": ["Older maternal age", "Multiparity", "Multiple birth", "Caesarian section", "Cigarette smoking", "Bicornuate uterus"], "Effects": ["Abruptio placentae", "Premature birth", "Abnormal fetal presentation", "Ante-partum haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Treatments": ["Caesarian section"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 0.5%\n\nTypes:\n- Low lying: not covering cervical opening\n- Partial: partially covering cervical opening\n- Complete: completely covering os\n\nIn 90%  a previously low-lying placenta moves up to the upper segment \nas the uterus grows- by 34th week it is no longer low-lying.\n\nRisk: bleeding threatening to mother and baby.\n\n50%  of placenta previa have preterm delivery. \nparticularly those with complete placenta previa", "who may require hysterectomy at  delivery.\n\nFetal Mortality rate =3%\nMaternal mortality rate= 0.03% \""]}
,{"Name": "Oligoclonal bands in CSF", "Causes": ["Multiple sclerosis", "Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis", "Progressive rubella panencephalitis", "Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Neurosyphilis", "Cerebral vasculitis", "Cerebrovascular accident"], "Description": ["\"IgG from inflammation\""]}
,{"Name": "Venous occlusion", "Causes": ["Venous thrombosis"], "Effects": ["Ischaemia", "Thrombophlebitis"]}
,{"Name": "Fava bean", "Effects": ["Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Neoplastic coagulation factors", "Causes": ["Carcinoma of pancreas", "Prostate cancer", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Acute myeloid leukaemia"], "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation"]}
,{"Name": "Bilurubin metabolism disorder", "Synonyms": ["Impaired bilirubin metabolism"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Dubin-Johnson syndrome", "Rotor syndrome", "Crigler-Najjar syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Low thyroid stimulating hormone", "Synonyms": ["Low TSH", "Low thyrotrophin"], "Causes": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Hormonal change in pregnancy", "Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis malfunction", "Sick euthyroidism", "Dopamine", "Corticosteroid", "Panhypopituitarism"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Histrionic personality disorder", "Parents": ["Personality disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Giardiasis", "Synonyms": ["Giardia lamblia"], "Causes": ["Common variable immunodeficiency", "Faecal contamination of food", "Canine or feline"], "Effects": ["Watery diarrhoea", "Malabsorption state"], "Parents": ["Protozoan infection", "Venereal disease", "Childhood infections"], "Description": ["\"Rx metronidazole\""]}
,{"Name": "Endometrioid carcinoma", "Parents": ["Epithelial ovarian tumour"], "Description": ["\"associated c. endometrial carcinoma in 20%\""]}
,{"Name": "Altered thought posession", "Parents": ["Thought disturbance"], "Children": ["Obsession", "Thought insertion", "Thought withdrawal", "Thought broadcasting"]}
,{"Name": "Mania", "Synonyms": ["Manic mood"], "Causes": ["Bipolar disorder", "Neurological mental disorder"], "Effects": ["Elation", "Psychosis", "Flight of ideas", "Pressure of thought", "Insomnia", "Grandiose delusion"], "Parents": ["Affective disorder"]}
,{"Name": "EEG slowing", "Synonyms": ["Slow waves on EEG"], "Causes": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"], "Parents": ["EEG sign"]}
,{"Name": "Constipation", "Synonyms": ["Lack of bowel movement", "Inability to open bowels", "No stools"], "Causes": ["Bowel obstruction", "Decreased gut motility", "Anorexia nervosa", "Hirschsprung disease", "Lead poisoning", "Digoxin toxicity", "Dorsal column lesion", "Loperamide", "Rett syndrome", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Anticholinergic drug"], "Effects": ["Abdominal distension", "Straining at stool"], "Parents": ["Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Calcium phosphate stone", "Causes": ["Distal renal tubule acidosis", "Hypercalciuria"], "Parents": ["Renal calculi"], "Description": ["\"Rx Thiazide", "Potassium citrate\""]}
,{"Name": "Emphysema", "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome"], "Effects": ["Pneumothorax", "Pink puffer", "Decreased KCO", "Increased total lung volume", "Pulmonary bulla", "Hypoxic respiratory failure", "Absent apex beat"], "Parents": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Parenchymal lung disease"], "Children": ["Panacinar emphysema", "Centrilobular emphysema"], "Description": ["\"Lung parenchymnal destruction\""]}
,{"Name": "Defibrillation", "Causes": ["Implantable defibrillator"], "Parents": ["Electrical shock"], "Treats": ["Ventricular fibrillation", "Ventricular tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Dolichocephaly", "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome"], "Parents": ["Congenital head malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatoblastoma", "Causes": ["Familial adenomatous polyposis coli"], "Effects": ["High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Raised alpha-fetoprotein", "Abdominal mass"], "Parents": ["Intra-abdominal malignancy"], "Treatments": ["Liver transplant"], "Description": ["\"- tissue resembling fetal & mature liver cells.\n- derived from a pluripotent stem cell\n- first 3 yrs of life\nPrognosis:   Good with resection & transplant - 5yr survial 80%\""]}
,{"Name": "Ascaris lumbricoides", "Synonyms": ["Ascariasis"], "Effects": ["Small bowel obstruction", "Common bile duct obstruction", "Loeffler syndrome", "Eosinophilic pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Nematode"], "Treatments": ["Mebendazole", "Levamisole"], "Description": ["\"Rx pyrantel", "mebendazole or levamisole\""]}
,{"Name": "Fuch's dystrophy", "Effects": ["Corneal opacity"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"-degenerative disease of the corneal endothelium.\n- at greater risk of corneal edema after ocular surgery as they have fewer functioning endothelial cells.\""]}
,{"Name": "Rickets", "Synonyms": ["Rachitis"], "Causes": ["Vitamin D deficiency", "Vitamin D resistant rickets"], "Effects": ["Frontal bossing", "Rachitic rosary", "Pectus carinatum", "Lumbar lordosis", "Bowed legs", "Waddling gait", "Pathological fracture", "Cephalopelvic disproportion", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism", "Kyphosis", "Acquired cataract"], "Parents": ["Metabolic bone disease"], "Description": ["\"Defective mineralization of bones before epiphyseal closure\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Cardiac vegetation", "Causes": ["Infective endocarditis"], "Effects": ["Arterial embolus", "Brain abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Epstein Barr virus", "Synonyms": ["EBV", "Epstein-Barr virus"], "Causes": ["Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"], "Effects": ["Infectious mononucleosis", "Viral meningitis", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Hairy leukoplakia", "Viral hepatitis", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Aplastic anaemia", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Macrocytosis", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Fever of unknown origin", "Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Herpes virus", "Chronic viral infection"], "Description": ["\"Ampicillin causes erythema multiforme macular rash\""]}
,{"Name": "Dengue fever", "Causes": ["Arbovirus"], "Effects": ["Retro-orbital pain", "Myalgia", "Polyarthralgia", "Maculopapular rash", "Viral haemorrhagic shock", "Leukopaenia", "Infectious encephalitis", "Viral hepatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Dissociative identity disorder", "Synonyms": ["Multiple personality disorder"], "Parents": ["Dissociative disorder"], "Description": ["\"Coexistence of two or more personality states within the same person. \n\n- Person unaware of these personality states and experiences them as memory lapses. \n- The other states may have different  voice tone", "and memories. \n- The person may switch to another personality state when under stress. \n- Almost always has dissociative amnesia too. \n\n\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Practolol", "Effects": ["Retroperitoneal fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Dystocia", "Synonyms": ["Prolonged labor", "Obstructed labour"], "Causes": ["Abnormal fetal presentation", "Cephalopelvic disproportion", "Uterine inertia", "Uterine rupture", "Overdue pregnancy", "Fetal macrosomia", "Uterine fibroid", "Ovarian cyst"], "Effects": ["Fetal stress", "Neonatal respiratory distress", "Brachial plexus lesion", "Maternal Risk", "Miscarriage", "Vesico-vaginal fistula"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"], "Children": ["Shoulder dystocia"], "Treatments": ["Vasopressin analogue", "Assisted delivery", "Caesarian section"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 5%\n\nAssociations:\n - Primigravida\n - Multiple birth\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Benign neoplasm", "Synonyms": ["Benign tumour"], "Effects": ["Obstruction", "Malignant transformation", "Compression of peripheral nerve"], "Parents": ["Tumour"], "Children": ["Lipoma", "Fibroma", "Polyp", "Neurofibroma", "Haemangioma", "Benign melanoma", "Papilloma", "Leiomyoma", "Thyroid adenoma", "Pituitary adenoma", "Parathyroid adenoma", "Pancreatic islet tumour", "Adrenal adenoma", "Meningioma", "Glioma", "Parotid pleiomorphic adenoma", "Warthin tumour", "Serous cystadenoma", "Mucinous cystadenoma", "Ovarian fibroma", "Villous adenoma of rectum", "Adenoma sebaceum", "Retinal phakoma", "Oral papilloma", "Eyelid papilloma", "Trichilemmoma", "Periungual fibroma", "Cortical hamartoma"], "Description": ["\"Features:\n     -  Slow growing.\n     -  well encapsulated.\n     -  Does not invade adjacent tissue.\n     -  Does not metastasize.\n\nNeoplasm: \n The growth of neoplastic cells exceeds and is not coordinated with that of the normal tissues around it.\n\nHamartoma:\n  -  a benign", "focal malformation. \n  -  composed of tissue elements normally found at that site. \n  -  grows at the same rate as surrounding tissues.\n  -  most common hamartomas occur in the lungs.\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Acute leukaemia", "Effects": ["Acute tubular necrosis", "Blast cells"], "Parents": ["Leukaemia"], "Children": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia", "Acute myeloid leukaemia", "Acute monocytic leukaemia", "Acute monomyelocytic leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Referred abdominal pain", "Synonyms": ["girdle pain", "Ms hug"], "Causes": ["Herpes zoster", "Myocardial infarction", "Neuropathic pain", "Angina pectoris"], "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Referred pain"]}
,{"Name": "Papilloma", "Synonyms": ["Wart", "Viral wart"], "Causes": ["Human papilloma virus"], "Effects": ["Koebner phenomenon", "Face lump"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"], "Children": ["Oral papilloma", "Eyelid papilloma", "Condyloma accuminata", "Verruca"], "Treatments": ["Topical salicylic acid"], "Description": ["\"Tumor of the skin or mucous membrane with finger-like projections.\n\nOccur anywhere in body.\n\nSkin paillomas are know as warts.\n\nMost papillomas are caused by a virus (HPV)\n\nPapillomas of unknown causes:\n - intraductal breast papilloma \n - choroid plexus papilloma\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Thrombotic pulmonary embolus", "Causes": ["Deep vein thrombosis", "Obesity", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary embolus"]}
,{"Name": "Pleural fibrous plaques", "Causes": ["Crocidolite"], "Parents": ["Pleural thickening"], "Description": ["\"Hyaline fibrosis of parietal pleura of posterolateral wall\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Base of skull fracture", "Synonyms": ["Fracture of base of skull"], "Effects": ["Racoon sign", "Battle sign", "CSF Rhinorrhoea", "CSF Otorrhoea", "Optic nerve compression", "Jugular foramen syndrome"], "Parents": ["Fracture"], "Description": ["\"involves one of the foll:\ntemporal bone", "occipital bone", "sphenoid bone", "ethmoid bone\""]}
,{"Name": "Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome", "Causes": ["Meningococcal septicaemia"], "Effects": ["Adrenal haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Lipid storage disorder", "Effects": ["Adrenal calcification"], "Parents": ["Lysosomal storage disorder"], "Children": ["Sphingolipidosis", "Wolman disease", "Schindler disease", "Batten disease"]}
,{"Name": "Iron deficient diet", "Effects": ["Iron deficiency anaemia"], "Parents": ["Mineral deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Cancers with polygenic inheritance", "Causes": ["Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Malignant melanoma", "Hodgkin lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Hereditary neoplasia"], "Description": ["\"Familiy history present.\n1 in 3 people in the UK get cancer at some point in their lives. \nSo", "most families will include at least one person who has had cancer. \nHaving a couple of relatives diagnosed with cancer when over the age of 60 doesn\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt mean there is a cancer gene running in the family\n\nStrong family history if :\n1)More than 2 close relatives on the same side of your family have had cancer.\n2)They have had the same type of cancer", "or different cancers that can be caused by the same gene fault.\n3)The cancers developed when they were young", "below the age of 50.\n4)One of your relatives has had a gene fault found by genetic tests.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "ENT surgery", "Effects": ["Calcified Pinna"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Caldwell-Luc radical antrostomy.", "Tympanoplasty", "Mastoidectomy", "dacryocystorhinostomy"]}
,{"Name": "Pathology", "Children": ["General pathology", "Neurological pathology", "Ocular pathology", "Pulmonary pathology", "Gastrointestinal pathology", "Renal pathology", "Genito-urinary pathology", "Gynaecological pathology", "Vascular pathology", "Rheumatological pathology", "Orthopaedic pathology", "Haematological pathology", "Immunological pathology", "Surgical pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Androgen", "Synonyms": ["Anabolic steroid"], "Effects": ["Virilisation", "Hypercholesterolaemia"], "Parents": ["Hormone", "Endocrine drug", "Teratogenic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Absent P wave", "Causes": ["Atrial fibrillation"]}
,{"Name": "Dermatomal pain", "Causes": ["Herpes zoster"], "Parents": ["Chest pain"]}
,{"Name": "Alkalis", "Effects": ["Irritant contact dermatitis"], "Description": ["\"strong  soaps\ndrain cleaners\""]}
,{"Name": "Hampton hump", "Causes": ["Pulmonary infarct"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"], "Description": ["\"Dome-shaped pleural opacification\""]}
,{"Name": "Dopamine receptor agonist", "Synonyms": ["Dopamine agonist"], "Effects": ["Somnolescence", "Dystonia", "Nausea and vomiting", "Hallucination", "Postural hypotension", "Impulse control disorder"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Bromocriptine", "Cabergoline", "Pergolide", "Ropinirole"], "Treats": ["Parkinsonism", "Restless legs syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Used in Parkinson disease", "Acromegaly\""]}
,{"Name": "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Synonyms": ["PSC"], "Causes": ["Ulcerative colitis"], "Effects": ["Biliary stricture", "Positive p-ANCA", "Cholangiocarcinoma", "Fatigue", "Common bile duct obstruction"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune liver disease", "Biliary cirrhosis"], "Treatments": ["Ursodeoxycholic acid", "Liver transplant"], "Description": ["\"80% have UC\""]}
,{"Name": "Klinefelter syndrome", "Synonyms": ["XXY karyotype", "Kleinfelter syndrome"], "Causes": ["47XXY"], "Effects": ["Tall stature", "Gynaecomastia", "Anosmia", "Low testosterone", "Primary testicular failure", "Azoospermia", "Loss of libido", "Atrial septal defect", "Ostium primum atrial septal defect", "Osteoporosis", "Mental retardation", "Barr body", "Carcinoma of breast", "Hypothyroidism", "Diabetes mellitus", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Varicose veins of leg"], "Parents": ["Trisomy"], "Children": ["Castillo disease"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 1:1000\nThese males are phenotypically carriers for X-linked recessive disorders.\""]}
,{"Name": "Neurofibromatosis", "Synonyms": ["NF"], "Effects": ["Congenital skeletal dysplasia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Phakomatosis"], "Children": ["Neurofibromatosis I", "Neurofibromatosis II"]}
,{"Name": "Arteriovenous malformation", "Synonyms": ["AV malformation", "AV aneurysm", "AVM", "Arteriovenous fistula", "AV fistula", "Arteriovenous aneurysm"], "Effects": ["Sinus tachycardia", "Pulsatile tinnitus", "High cardiac output state"], "Parents": ["Aneurysm", "Vascular malformations"], "Children": ["Cerebral arteriovenous malformation", "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation", "Parkes Weber syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Isotretinoin", "Synonyms": ["Retinoic acid", "Retinoid", "Acitretin"], "Effects": ["Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Angular stomatitis", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Photosensitivity dermatitis", "Absent ear"], "Parents": ["Rheumatological drug", "Drug secreted in breast milk", "Dermatological drug", "Teratogenic drug"], "Children": ["All-trans retinoic acid"], "Treats": ["Acne vulgaris", "Acne rosacea", "Psoriasis", "Discoid lupus erythematosus", "Lichen planus", "Darier disease"], "Description": ["\"reduces production of skin cells\""]}
,{"Name": "Enuresis", "Synonyms": ["Bed-wetting"], "Causes": ["Nocturia"], "Parents": ["Lower urinary tract symptom", "Acquired childhood disease"], "Treatments": ["Desmopressin"]}
,{"Name": "Circinate balanitis", "Causes": ["Reiter's syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Animal", "Effects": ["Specific phobia"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Pet"]}
,{"Name": "Amputation", "Parents": ["Vascular surgery"], "Treats": ["Osteosarcoma"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudoathetosis", "Causes": ["Glove and stocking sensory loss", "Dorsal column lesion", "Spinocerebellar ataxia"], "Effects": ["Semi-purposeful movement"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Panic attack", "Effects": ["Dyspnoea", "Hyperventilation", "Palpitation", "Sweating", "Dizziness", "Tunnel vision", "Hot flush", "Chest tightness", "Nausea and vomiting"], "Parents": ["Anxiety disorder"], "Description": ["\"periods of intense fear of sudden onset \n\na response of the sympathetic nervous system\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Tenofovir", "Effects": ["Acquired Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Antiviral agent"], "Treats": ["Hepatitis B"]}
,{"Name": "Downward dislocation of lens", "Causes": ["Homocystinuria"], "Parents": ["Dislocation of lens"]}
,{"Name": "Urinary catheter", "Synonyms": ["Urinary catheterisation", "Urethral catheter", "Catheterised bladder"], "Effects": ["Urethral stricture", "Urinary tract infection", "Acute Osteomyelitis", "Rigor"], "Parents": ["Urological procedure"], "Treats": ["Neurogenic bladder", "Detrusor Failure", "Benign prostatic hypertrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Ventilatory support", "Treats": ["Meconium aspiration", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Acute pancreatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Opportunistic infection", "Causes": ["Immunosuppression"], "Parents": ["Infectious disease", "Inflammatory disease"], "Children": ["Candida albicans", "Herpes simplex in immunocompromised", "Immunosuppressed CMV infection", "AIDS with mycobacterium avium complex", "Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Toxoplasmosis", "Cyclospora", "Necrotising fasciitis", "Isospora belli infection", "Opportunistic gut infection"], "Description": ["\"infection by an rganism that normally does not cause disease but does so when lowered resistance to infection is caused by the impairment of the body's immune system.\""]}
,{"Name": "Aspergilloma", "Causes": ["Aspergillus fumigatus", "Cavitating lung lesion"], "Effects": ["Mycetoma"]}
,{"Name": "Pleural thickening", "Causes": ["Mesothelioma"], "Effects": ["Decreased breath sounds"], "Parents": ["Pleural pathology"], "Children": ["Pleural fibrous plaques"]}
,{"Name": "Acetazolamide", "Synonyms": ["Diamox"], "Effects": ["Proximal renal tubule acidosis", "Bicarbonate loss", "Hyperchloraemic acidosis"], "Parents": ["Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor", "Anticonvulsant drug", "Sulphonamide"], "Treats": ["Glaucoma", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Altitude sickness", "Chronic glaucoma"], "Description": ["\"Used for:\n-Reducing ICP\n-Glaucoma\n-Seizures\n\nWhy in galucoma?\nBicarbonate is needed for the production of the aqueous humour. \nBy decreasing the production of bicarbonate", "acetazolamide decreases the production of aqueous humour.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Bronchoscopy", "Parents": ["Procedure", "Investigation"], "Children": ["Bronchoalveolar lavage"]}
,{"Name": "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Synonyms": ["BIH", "Pseudotumour cerebri"], "Causes": ["Obesity", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Cushing syndrome", "Nitrofurantoin", "Tetracycline", "Minocycline", "Nalixidic acid", "Corticosteroid", "Tamoxifen", "Isotretinoin", "Cimetidine", "Menorrhagia", "Thyroxine", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Hypothyroidism", "Danazol", "All-trans retinoic acid", "Cyclosporin", "Hypervitaminosis A"], "Effects": ["Raised intracranial pressure"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system pathology"], "Treatments": ["Acetazolamide", "Weight loss"]}
,{"Name": "Obsessive compulsive disorder", "Synonyms": ["OCD", "Obsessive-compulsive disorder"], "Causes": ["Gilles de la Tourette syndrome"], "Effects": ["Obsession", "Compulsion"], "Parents": ["Anxiety disorder"], "Description": ["\" - repetitive obsessions (distressing", "intrusive thoughts)\n - compulsions (urges to perform specific acts or ritual)\""]}
,{"Name": "Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Synonyms": ["vHL disease"], "Causes": ["VHL gene mutation", "Ubiquitin mutation"], "Effects": ["Cerebellar haemangioma", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Retinal haemangioblastoma", "Hypertortuosity of retinal vessels", "Renal cyst", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Pancreatic Cyst", "Pancreatic islet tumour", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Endolymphatic sac tumour", "Chronic headache", "Malignant transformation"], "Parents": ["Phakomatosis", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Mutations in the VHL gene (tumor suppressor gene)\nmultiple tumours- benign cysts & malignant tumors\nThe tumours are highly vascular.\n\nPresent after adolescence with:\n - CNS haemangioblastoma(cerebellar ataxia) -70%\n- Spinal cord haemangioblastomas - cord compression \n- Retinal haemangioblastoma - 60%\n- Renal Cysts/Carcinoma - 60% (multiple & bilateral)\n- Phaeochromocytomas  -5%\n- Pancreatic tumours - 30%\n\nRisk of kidney cancer in families with VHL = 60%\n\nIn affected families", "genetic testing can detect almost all cases. \n\nManagement:\nRegular and lifelong surveillance for tumours\n\nLife expectancy - 50 yrs\""]}
,{"Name": "Eastern equine encephalitis", "Synonyms": ["EEE"], "Effects": ["Infectious encephalitis"]}
,{"Name": "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Synonyms": ["LVH", "Hypertrophic left ventricle"], "Causes": ["Hypertension", "Aortic stenosis", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Aortic regurgitation", "Left ventricular failure", "Acromegaly", "Mitral valve prolapse", "Mitral regurgitation", "Athletic heart"], "Effects": ["Mitral regurgitation", "Displaced apex", "Forceful apex beat", "Myocardial ischaemia", "Cardiomegaly", "Bifid P wave", "Left axis deviation", "S wave in V1", "T wave inversion in V1", "Heaving apex", "Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Ventricular hypertrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Apple-core stricture", "Synonyms": ["Apple core stricture"], "Causes": ["Colorectal carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Barium sign", "Stricture"]}
,{"Name": "Necrolytic migratory erythema", "Synonyms": ["NME", "Necrotic migratory erythema"], "Causes": ["Glucagonoma"], "Effects": ["Necrotic skin lesion"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Description": ["\"found in 75% of glucagonoma.\nIndurated erythema of nose and perineum\nBlistering within few days", "then crusting and healing leaving hyperpigmented skin\""]}
,{"Name": "Fabry disease", "Synonyms": ["Lysosomal galactosidase A deficiency"], "Causes": ["GLA gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum", "Coronary artery disease", "Venous thrombosis", "Cornea verticillata", "Heart block", "Acroparaesthesia", "Lipid inclusion", "Cerebral infarction", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Congenital cataract"], "Parents": ["Sphingolipidosis", "X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"glycosphingolipid accumulation\""]}
,{"Name": "Thecoma", "Parents": ["Sex cord tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Ghon Complex", "Causes": ["Primary tuberculosis"], "Parents": ["Chest sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebellar haemangioma", "Synonyms": ["Cerebellar haemangioblastoma"], "Causes": ["Von Hippel-Lindau disease"], "Effects": ["Inappropriately raised erythropoietin", "Posterior fossa space occupying lesion"], "Parents": ["Cerebellar lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Prolonged immobilisation", "Synonyms": ["Bedrest", "Bed rest"], "Causes": ["Paresis", "Hip fracture"], "Effects": ["Chest infection", "Retained secretion", "Pressure sores", "Osteoporosis", "Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Muscle atrophy", "Contractures", "Hypercalcaemia"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Treats": ["Pelvic fracture"]}
,{"Name": "MTHFR gene  mutation", "Effects": ["Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 1p36.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Fulminant liver failure", "Synonyms": ["Fulminant hepatic failure", "FHF"], "Causes": ["Hepatitis A", "Paracetamol", "Hepatitis B", "Ginka alkaloid", "Hepatitis E", "Felbamate", "Ischaemic hepatitis", "Aflatoxin", "Reye syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hepatocellular jaundice", "Coma"], "Parents": ["Liver failure"]}
,{"Name": "Disease due to genetic mutation", "Synonyms": ["Gene mutation diseases"], "Parents": ["Gene mutation"], "Children": ["Cystic fibrosis", "Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Alkaptonuria", "Cystinuria", "Primary haemochromatosis", "Wilson's disease", "Fanconi anaemia", "Congenital metabolic disease", "Hereditary neoplasia", "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "Superoxide dismutase gene mutation", "Holt-Oram syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Bloom syndrome", "Cri-du-chat syndrome", "Cornelia de Lange syndrome", "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome", "Howel-Evans syndrome", "Noonan syndrome", "Rett syndrome", "Russell-Silver syndrome", "Riley-Day syndrome", "Aicardi syndrome", "Weil-Marchesani syndrome", "Werner syndrome", "CHARGE syndrome", "Nail-patella syndrome", "Prothrombin 20210A", "Prune-belly syndrome", "Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy", "Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency", "Spinal muscular atrophy"], "Description": ["\"\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Vesicle", "Causes": ["Herpes simplex virus", "Herpes zoster", "Coxsackie virus", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Pemphigoid gestationis", "Genital herpes", "Molluscum contagiosum", "Incontinentia pigmenti syndrome", "Cat scratch fever", "Chickenpox"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "L4 root lesion", "Causes": ["Cauda equina syndrome"], "Effects": ["Foot drop"], "Parents": ["Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Bowel surgery", "Synonyms": ["Gastrointenstinal surgery", "GI surgery", "Gut surgery", "Bowel operation"], "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Children": ["Oesophagectomy", "Gastrectomy", "Fundoplication", "Ileostomy", "Bowel resection", "Ileal resection", "Colectomy", "Subtotal colectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin K deficiency", "Causes": ["Cholestasis", "Bile salt malabsorption", "Fat soluble vitamin deficiency"], "Effects": ["Prolonged prothrombin time"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "XK gene mutation", "Synonyms": ["Neuroacanthocytosis"], "Effects": ["McLeod syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xp22.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Transplant Surgery", "Effects": ["Haemolytic uraemic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Kidney transplant", "Liver transplant", "Lung transplant", "Corneal transplant", "Allogenic bone marrow transplant"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis", "Synonyms": ["benign lymphocytic meningitis", "La Maladie d'Armstrong", "Lymphocytic meningoencephalitis"], "Causes": ["LCMV virus", "Hamster"], "Effects": ["Viral meningitis"], "Parents": ["Zoonosis", "Encephalitis"], "Description": ["\"Rodent borne virus called LCMV.\nChoriomeningitis is a marked cellular infiltration of the meninges", "with  lymphocytic infiltration of the choroid plexuses.\nTreatment is symptomatic .\n\nMost infections are mild and never diagnosed.\n5% of the population in the U.S. and Europe has antibodies to LCMV.\nMortality<1%\""]}
,{"Name": "Primary generalised epilepsy", "Synonyms": ["PGE"], "Parents": ["Epilepsy"], "Children": ["Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy", "Generalised epilepsy with febrile seizures plus", "Lennox-Gastaut syndrome", "Dravet syndrome", "Na-V1.1-associated benign neonatal epilepsy", "West syndrome"], "Treatments": ["Anticonvulsant drug", "Callosotomy"]}
,{"Name": "Polymyalgia rheumatica", "Synonyms": ["PMR"], "Effects": ["Myalgia", "Fatigue", "Jaw claudication", "Temporal arteritis", "Depression", "Weight loss", "Chronic headache", "Synovitis", "High alkaline phosphatase"], "Parents": ["Rheumatological pathology"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Synonyms": ["ADHD", "Attention deficit disorder", "ADD"], "Causes": ["Williams syndrome", "Gilles de la Tourette syndrome"], "Effects": ["Decreased concentration", "Hyperactivity", "Antisocial behaviour", "Mental retardation", "Sleep disorder"], "Parents": ["Childhood mental disorder"], "Treatments": ["Carbamazepine"]}
,{"Name": "Mitochondrial myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes", "Synonyms": ["MELAS", "3243 mutation", "MT-TL1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Cerebral infarction", "Migraine", "Paracrystalline inclusion", "Hereditary lactate acidosis", "Metabolic epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Mitochondrial chromosome disorder"]}
,{"Name": "GM1 gangliosidosis", "Synonyms": ["Beta-galactosidase deficiency", "GM-1 gangliosidosis"], "Effects": ["Cherry-red spot", "Abnormal white cell enzyme"], "Parents": ["Sphingolipidosis"], "Description": ["\"lipid storage disorder caused by accumulation of lipids known as gangliosides.\""]}
,{"Name": "Protein S-100 in CSF", "Synonyms": ["Protein S100", "S100b protein"], "Causes": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"], "Parents": ["Lumbar puncture"]}
,{"Name": "Early morning waking", "Causes": ["Melancholia", "Depression"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Moraxella catarrhalis", "Synonyms": ["Branhamella catarrhalis"], "Parents": ["Gram negative coccus"]}
,{"Name": "Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["3rd nerve palsy", "Third nerve palsy", "III nerve palsy"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Multiple sclerosis", "Posterior communicating artery aneurysm", "Herniation of uncus", "Thyroid eye disease", "Cavernous sinus lesion", "Weber syndrome", "Benedict syndrome", "Claude syndrome", "Nothnagel syndrome", "Raised intracranial pressure"], "Effects": ["Ptosis", "Down and out eyeball", "Dilated pupil", "Disjunct gaze palsy"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "CNS toxicity", "Causes": ["Hyperbaric oxygen therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Secondary headache", "Causes": ["Raised intracranial pressure", "Low intracranial pressure", "Hangover", "Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome", "Codeine", "Pituitary adenoma", "Paracetamol"], "Parents": ["Headache"], "Description": ["\"Primary headaches are recurrent headaches not caused by underlying disease \n90% of all headaches are primary headaches\""]}
,{"Name": "Thalassaemia", "Causes": ["Mediterranean origin"], "Effects": ["Ineffective erythropoiesis", "Anisocytosis", "Target cells", "Splenomegaly", "Raised serum iron", "Moderate splenomegaly", "Frontal bossing"], "Parents": ["Haemoglobinopathy"], "Children": ["Alpha thalassaemia", "Beta thalassaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Wucheria bancrofti", "Synonyms": ["Elephantiasis"], "Causes": ["Mosquito bite"], "Effects": ["Lymphadenitis", "Lymphoedema", "Lymphangitis", "Non-pitting ankle swelling", "Elephantiasis", "Hydrocoele", "Orchitis", "Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia", "Eosinophilic pneumonia", "Loeffler syndrome"], "Parents": ["Filarial worm"], "Treatments": ["Diethylcarbamazine", "Mebendazole"], "Description": ["\"Rx Diethylcarbamazine\n\nFound in tropics and subtropics.\nHumans serve as  definitive host\nMosquitoes are  intermediate hosts\n\nLIFE CYCLE\nAdult female worms produce larvae. \nLarvae ingested by mosquitoes -  arthropod vector.\nMosqitoes transfer larvae to humans.\nLarvae move through the lymphatic system to  lymph nodes in the legs and genital area. \nLarvae  reach sexual maturity in the afferent lymphatic vessels. \nAdult female worm produces  microfilariae that migrate into  bloodstream.\nMosquito vector bites infected human host", "ingests the microfilariae", "and repeats life cycle.\n\nChyluria due to microfilaria in blood was discovered by Dr. Wucherer of Bahia .   \nJoseph Bancroft", "a Brisbane physician", "discovered the adult worm later to be named Wucheria bancrofti.\n\nFeatures:\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Fever and painful lymphadenopathy in the groin and axillae.\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Each episode of ADL enhances the development of lymphoedema.\""]}
,{"Name": "Spherocyte", "Causes": ["Hereditary spherocytosis", "Extravascular haemolysis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Major pulmonary embolus", "Synonyms": ["Major PE"], "Effects": ["Prominent JVP a-wave", "Dull chest pain", "Gallop rhythm", "Peripheral cyanosis", "S1 Q3 T3", "Right bundle branch block", "Right axis deviation", "Right atrial hypertrophy", "Shock"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary embolus"], "Treatments": ["Thrombolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Maxillary hyoplasia", "Causes": ["Craniosynostosis", "Treacher Collins syndrome", "Stickler syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Chlorpromazine", "Synonyms": ["Largactil"], "Effects": ["Drug-induced lupus", "Macular degeneration", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis"], "Parents": ["Phenothiazine"], "Treats": ["Hiccup", "Nausea and vomiting"]}
,{"Name": "Ergotamine", "Parents": ["Alpha adrenoceptor blocker", "Ergot alkaloid"]}
,{"Name": "Sinus bradycardia", "Causes": ["Athletic heart", "Hypothyroidism", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Digoxin", "Calcium channel blocker", "Muscarinic agonist", "Hypothermia", "Myocardial infarction", "Phenytoin", "Cushing's triad", "Autonomic dysreflexia"], "Parents": ["Supraventricular arrhythmia", "Bradycardia"], "Treatments": ["Antimuscarinic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Pyrazinamide", "Effects": ["High plasma urate", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Anti-tuberculous agent"], "Treats": ["Post-primary tuberculosis"]}
,{"Name": "Intussusception", "Causes": ["Submucous lipoma", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura"], "Effects": ["Small bowel obstruction", "Bowel obstruction", "Bowel ischaemia", "Redcurrant jelly stool", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Coiled spring appearance"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology", "Acquired childhood disease"], "Description": ["\"\nMost common cause of bowel obstruction from 6 months - 3 years. \n\nUsually starts at the ileocolic junction.\n\nClinically:\n1) Dance's sign - retraction of the right iliac fossa\n2) sausage shaped swelling on palpation\n\n\nManagement:\n1)A barium contrast enema", "confirms  diagnosis", "and  successfully reduces it. \n  Success rate = 80%. \n 10%  recur in 24 hours.\n\n2)Surgical Reduction/Resection\n\nIn adults", "intussusception is often associated with neoplasm.\""]}
,{"Name": "Visible blood skin capillaries", "Causes": ["Acne rosacea"]}
,{"Name": "Optic neuritis", "Synonyms": ["Papillitis"], "Causes": ["Multiple sclerosis", "Devic syndrome", "Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Effects": ["Optic neuropathy", "Papilloedema", "Optic atrophy"], "Parents": ["Neuritis", "Fundoscopy sign"], "Description": ["\"Inflammation of optic nerve head\""]}
,{"Name": "Subthalamic nucleus lesion", "Synonyms": ["Nucleus of Luys lesion"], "Effects": ["Hemiballismus"], "Parents": ["Subcortical lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Nasal polyp", "Causes": ["Cystic fibrosis", "Kartagener syndrome", "Young syndrome", "Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Allergic rhinitis"], "Effects": ["Blocked nose", "Post-nasal drip", "Rhinitis", "Sinusitis", "Halitosis", "Snoring", "Nasal obstruction"], "Parents": ["Rhinology", "Polyp"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"overgrowths of the mucosa that frequently accompany allergic rhinitis\""]}
,{"Name": "Steroid inhaler", "Effects": ["Oral candidiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Myotonic dystrophy", "Synonyms": ["Dystrophia myotonica", "Dystrophy myotonia", "MyoD"], "Causes": ["DMPK gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Myopathy", "Myotonia", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Bilateral ptosis", "Frontal balding", "Decreased gut motility", "Hypogonadism", "Mental retardation", "Myopathic facies", "Congenital cataract", "Ptosis", "Insulin resistance", "Familial dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Triplet repeat disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy"], "Treatments": ["Procainamide"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 19", "Myotonin gene\nDystrophy myotonia protein kinase (DMPK)\nOnset 20-30 yrs\nMultisystemic.\""]}
,{"Name": "Peritonism", "Synonyms": ["Peritoneal irritation"], "Causes": ["Appendicitis", "Diverticulitis", "Bowel infarction", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Mittelschmerz", "Ruptured ectopic pregnancy", "Rupture of abdominal viscus"], "Effects": ["Rebound tenderness", "Guarding"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic viral infection", "Effects": ["Anaemia of chronic disease"], "Parents": ["Chronic infection"], "Children": ["Hepatitis B", "Hepatitis C", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Epstein Barr virus", "Herpes zoster"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired limb deformity", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"], "Children": ["Boutonniere deformity", "Swan-neck deformity", "La main succulente", "Ulnar claw hand", "Wrist drop", "Ulnar deviation", "Cubitus valgus", "Volkmann Contracture", "Dupuytren's contracture", "Sclerodactyly", "Mallet finger"]}
,{"Name": "Oesophageal impression", "Causes": ["Reverse 3 sign"]}
,{"Name": "Osteoporosis", "Causes": ["Female gender", "Old age", "Asian origin", "Post menopause", "Premature menopause", "Prolonged immobilisation", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Cushing syndrome", "Hypogonadism", "Malabsorption state", "Chronic renal failure", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Corticosteroid", "Low testosterone", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Chronic liver disease", "Alcoholism", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Heparin", "Phenytoin", "Carbamazepine", "Frusemide", "Myeloma", "Homocystinuria", "Total parenteral nutrition", "Cigarette smoking", "Ketogenic diet", "Systemic mastocytosis"], "Effects": ["Pathological fracture", "Hip fracture", "Colles fracture", "Vertebral body fracture", "High alkaline phosphatase", "Raised urine hydroxyproline", "Kyphosis"], "Parents": ["Rheumatological pathology", "Metabolic bone disease"], "Treatments": ["Bisphosphonate", "Calcium", "Vitamin D", "Raloxifene"], "Description": ["\"  - Peak Bone mass occurs at 20-35 years \n  - Normal bone density loss is 1% per year\n  - Men and women have similar rates of decline \n  - Menopause accelerates decline to 4% per year \n\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Respiratory failure", "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"], "Children": ["Hypoxic respiratory failure", "Hypoventilatory respiratory failure"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-GM1 antibody", "Effects": ["Multifocal motor neuropathy", "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy", "Acute motor axonal neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Anti-glycolipid antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Albuterol", "Synonyms": ["Ventolin"], "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"]}
,{"Name": "Clostridium", "Effects": ["Intravascular haemolysis"], "Parents": ["Gram positive bacillus", "Anaerobe"], "Children": ["Clostridium difficile", "Clostridium tetani", "Clostridium perfringens", "Clostridium botulinum"]}
,{"Name": "BTD gene mutation", "Effects": ["Biotinidase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 3p25\""]}
,{"Name": "Weil-Marchesani syndrome", "Causes": ["FBN1 gene mutation", "ADAMTS10 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Dislocation of lens", "Short stature"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Defective neutrophil chemotaxis", "Causes": ["Job syndrome"], "Effects": ["Defective phagocyte function"]}
,{"Name": "Brachydactyly", "Causes": ["Trisomy 9", "Albright's osteodystrophy"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Cholera", "Causes": ["Vibrio cholerae", "Faecal contamination of food"], "Effects": ["Dysentery", "Watery diarrhoea"], "Parents": ["Exotoxin syndrome", "Notifiable disease"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Solitary rectal ulcer", "Causes": ["Manual evacuation"], "Effects": ["Lower gastrointestinal bleed", "Painful defaecation", "Incomplete evacuation"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"], "Description": ["\"80% anterior rectal wall\""]}
,{"Name": "Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia", "Synonyms": ["CaSR mutation", "Calcium-sensing receptor mutation", "Familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia", "FBHH"], "Effects": ["Hypocalciuria", "Hypercalcaemia", "Excess parathyroid hormone"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Urinary calcium:creatinine clearance ratio < 0.01\nChromosome 3 or 9\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypogonadism", "Synonyms": ["Gonadal failure"], "Causes": ["Type I polyglandular syndrome", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Salpingooophorectomy", "Haemochromatosis", "Myotonic dystrophy", "Gigantism", "Zinc deficiency", "Fanconi anaemia", "Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome"], "Effects": ["Late puberty", "Infertility", "Loss of libido", "Osteoporosis"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"], "Children": ["Primary ovarian failure", "Low oestrogen", "Primary testicular failure", "Low testosterone"]}
,{"Name": "Rossolimo sign", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Tapping the undersurfaces of toes (dorsiflexion) causes plantar flexion of all toes. Normally no response.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cabergoline", "Parents": ["Dopamine receptor agonist"], "Treats": ["Prolactinoma", "Cushing syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Prune-belly syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Eagle-Barret syndrome"], "Effects": ["Gastroschisis", "Cryptorchidism", "Genitourinary malformation", "Oligohydramnios"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Interleukin-9", "Synonyms": ["IL-9"], "Effects": ["Mast cell proliferation"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Interleukin-8", "Synonyms": ["IL-8"], "Effects": ["Phagocyte activation"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Interleukin-7", "Synonyms": ["IL-7"], "Effects": ["B-cell proliferation"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Interleukin-6", "Synonyms": ["IL-6"], "Causes": ["Bone metastasis", "Tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Polycythaemia rubra vera"], "Effects": ["Fatigue", "Sterile inflammation"], "Parents": ["Inflammatory cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Interleukin-5", "Effects": ["B-cell proliferation"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Hemiballismus", "Causes": ["Subthalamic nucleus lesion"], "Effects": ["Semi-purposeful movement"], "Parents": ["Extrapyramidal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Crocidolite", "Synonyms": ["Blue asbestos"], "Effects": ["Mesothelioma", "Pleural fibrous plaques"], "Parents": ["Asbestos inhalation"]}
,{"Name": "Interleukin-4", "Synonyms": ["IL-4"], "Effects": ["B-cell proliferation"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Interleukin-3", "Synonyms": ["Multi-colony stimulating factor", "Multi-CSF", "IL-3"], "Effects": ["Mast cell proliferation", "Eosinophilia", "Phagocyte activation"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Avocado", "Effects": ["Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Interleukin-2", "Synonyms": ["IL-2"], "Effects": ["T-cell activation", "Interferon gamma", "Phagocyte activation"], "Parents": ["Inflammatory cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Interleukin-1", "Synonyms": ["IL-1"], "Causes": ["Endotoxin"], "Effects": ["Fibroblast proliferation", "Muscle wasting", "Inducible nitric oxide synthase", "Phospholipase A2 activation", "Anaemia of chronic disease", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Interferon gamma", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Inflammatory cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Lymph node metastases at Porta hepatis", "Effects": ["Common bile duct obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Duodenal perforation", "Causes": ["Duodenal ulcer"], "Effects": ["Peritonitis", "Pneumoperitoneum", "Air under diaphragm"], "Parents": ["Rupture of abdominal viscus"]}
,{"Name": "Toxocara", "Parents": ["Nematode"], "Children": ["Toxocara canis", "Toxocara gondii"]}
,{"Name": "Skin signs on examination", "Synonyms": ["Cutaneous sign"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Cold skin", "Cigarette-paper thin skin", "Koebner phenomenon", "Calabar swelling", "Darier's sign", "Leser-Trelat sign", "Casal necklace", "Tylosis", "Fish-mouth ulcer", "Pseudotumour under scar", "Compressible", "Tender nodules", "Thrombophlebitis", "Necrolytic migratory erythema", "Erythema gyratum repens", "Diabetic dermopathy", "Lipodystrophy", "Lipoatrophy", "Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum", "Pseudoxanthomatous plaques", "Panniculitis", "Pretibial myxoedema", "Lymphomatoid papulosis", "Cutaneous anergy", "Positive pathergy test", "Subcutaneous nodule", "Solar keratosis", "Hypertrichosis", "Cutis laxa", "Ten serious rashes"]}
,{"Name": "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Synonyms": ["Histoplasmosis"], "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Farming"], "Effects": ["Chronic headache", "Cough", "Hepatomegaly", "Splenic response to infection", "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Coagulating toxin", "Fungal meningitis", "Erythema nodosum", "Erythema multiforme", "Mycetoma", "Mediastinitis", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Fungal infection"], "Description": ["\"Inhalation of spores from soil\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Nasal packing", "Parents": ["ENT procedure"], "Treats": ["Epistaxis"]}
,{"Name": "Ocular sign", "Synonyms": ["Eye sign", "Ophthalmic sign"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Chemosis", "Pale conjunctivae", "Subconjunctival haemorrhage", "Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis", "Corneal sign", "Scleral sign", "Pupil sign", "Iris sign", "Ophthalmoplegia", "Visual field loss", "Decreased visual acuity", "Lid retraction", "Lid lag", "Proptosis", "Ptosis", "Enophthalmos", "Delayed accommodation", "Myopia", "Raised intraocular pressure", "Racoon sign", "Stellwag sign", "Joffroy sign", "Gifford sign", "Boston sign", "Rosenbach sign", "Suker sign", "Enroth sign", "Jellinek sign", "Buphthalmos", "Haenel sign", "Retinal detachment", "Blepharophimosis", "Bitot spot", "Down and out eyeball", "Beckers sign", "Gritty eye", "Yellow conjunctival nodule", "Conjunctival injection", "Dalrymple's sign", "von Graefe sign", "Beck sign", "Abadie sign", "Lenticonus", "Aplasia of iris"]}
,{"Name": "Dialysis", "Effects": ["Vitamin C deficiency"], "Parents": ["Renal procedure"], "Children": ["Peritoneal dialysis", "Haemodialysis"], "Treats": ["Acute kidney injury", "Chronic renal failure"]}
,{"Name": "Expressionless face", "Synonyms": ["Blank face", "Decreased facial expression", "Mask-like facies", "Hypomimia"], "Causes": ["Bradykinesia", "Myopathic facies", "Mobius syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cardiovascular symptom", "Synonyms": ["Cardiac symptom"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Chest pain", "Palpitation", "Syncope", "Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea", "Haemoptysis", "Swelling of ankles", "Periorbital oedema", "Sacral oedema", "Intermittent claudication"]}
,{"Name": "Macroorchidism", "Synonyms": ["Large testes"], "Causes": ["Fragile X syndrome"], "Parents": ["Genital examination sign"]}
,{"Name": "Bacillus cereus", "Causes": ["Cooked meat"]}
,{"Name": "Haematuria", "Causes": ["Urinary tract infection", "Renal calculi", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Transitional cell carcinoma of ureter", "Urethral injury", "Acute nephritic syndrome", "Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Benign prostatic hypertrophy", "Renal papillary necrosis", "Renal emboli", "Bladder calculus", "Exercise haematuria", "Wilm's tumour", "Weil disease", "Schistosomia haematobium", "Non invasive transitional cell carcinoma of bladder", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder", "Ureteric obstruction", "Alport syndrome", "Hypernephroma triad"], "Effects": ["Dark urine"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"], "Children": ["Microscopic haematuria", "Bleeding per urethrum"]}
,{"Name": "Probenecid", "Parents": ["Uricosuric agent"]}
,{"Name": "Crystalline keratopathy", "Causes": ["Ocular hereditary cystinosis", "Schnyder corneal dystrophy", "Gout", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Myeloma", "Cryoglobulinaemia", "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia", "Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance", "Ciprofloxacin"], "Parents": ["Corneal sign", "Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Jendrassik sign", "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ophthalmoplegia"], "Description": ["\"Paralysis of extraocular muscles\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Haemoglobin M", "Synonyms": ["Hb M"], "Effects": ["Congenital methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Haemoglobinopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Myocarditis", "Causes": ["Coxsackie virus", "Lyme disease", "Diphtheria", "Trypanosoma cruzi", "Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae"], "Effects": ["Left bundle branch block", "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Atrioventricular block", "Raised troponin", "Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Myocardial disease", "Inflammatory disease", "Childhood heart disease"], "Children": ["Rheumatic myocarditis", "Diphtheric myocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism", "Causes": ["Chromosome 22 mutation"], "Effects": ["Obesity", "Mental retardation", "Shortened fourth metacarpal", "Calcification of basal ganglia", "Albright's osteodystrophy"], "Parents": ["Congenital endocrine disorder"], "Description": ["\"No insensitivity to PTH\n\nHas the phenotypic appearance Albrights", "but is biochemically normal.\n \nIt is sometimes considered a variant of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy.\n\nPseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism both involve the same GNAS gene", "but pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism has normal calcium homeostasis because of the normal \nmaternal allele in the kidney\""]}
,{"Name": "Corneal sign", "Synonyms": ["Cornea sign"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Children": ["Corneal arcus", "Kayser-Fleischer ring", "Cornea verticillata", "Lattice corneal dystrophy", "Salmon patch cornea", "Crystalline keratopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Tetrabenazine", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Treats": ["Orofacial dyskinesia", "Huntington disease", "Dystonia"]}
,{"Name": "Triangular face", "Synonyms": ["Pointed chin"], "Causes": ["Russell-Silver syndrome", "Osteogenesis imperfecta"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Ceftriaxone", "Parents": ["Third generation cephalosporin"], "Treats": ["Chancroid", "Typhoid fever", "Pelvic inflammatory disease", "Gonorrhoea"]}
,{"Name": "Blast cells", "Causes": ["Acute leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Giant haemangioma", "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Kasabach-Merritt syndrome"], "Parents": ["Haemangioma"]}
,{"Name": "Frostbite", "Effects": ["Thermal injury", "Calcified Pinna"]}
,{"Name": "Thyrotrophin-secreting pituitary adenoma", "Synonyms": ["TSH-secreting adenoma", "Thyrotrophin secreting adenoma", "Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma"], "Effects": ["Thyrotoxicosis"], "Parents": ["Pituitary adenoma"]}
,{"Name": "Trichilemmoma", "Causes": ["Cowden disease"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "C8 root lesion", "Effects": ["Ulnar claw hand"], "Parents": ["Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Megathrombocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Megathrombocytes"], "Causes": ["Decreased platelet survival"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Vasodilator", "Synonyms": ["Vasodilator drug"], "Effects": ["Sinus tachycardia", "Peripheral vasodilatation"], "Parents": ["Cardiac drug", "Antihypertensive drug"], "Children": ["Calcium channel blocker", "Alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker", "Nitrates", "Potassium channel opener", "Atropine", "Calcitonin gene-related peptide", "Methylxanthine", "Papaverine", "Hydralazine"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphangitis", "Causes": ["Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Wucheria bancrofti"]}
,{"Name": "Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy", "Synonyms": ["PCNL"], "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Renal calculi"]}
,{"Name": "Deferoxamine", "Treats": ["Haemochromatosis"]}
,{"Name": "Loewi sign", "Synonyms": ["L\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwi sign"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"], "Description": ["\"Dilatation of pupil with weak adrenaline solution\""]}
,{"Name": "Erythroderma", "Causes": ["Dermatitis", "Psoriasis", "Thiazide", "Sezary syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dehydration", "Sinus tachycardia", "Hypothermia", "Peripheral vasodilatation", "Hypoalbuminaemia", "High plasma urate", "Increased folate loss"], "Description": ["\"Erythematous inflammatory rash >90% surface area\""]}
,{"Name": "Cephalhaematoma", "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"], "Description": ["\"\nHemorrhage between  skull and  periosteum due to \nrupture of blood vessels crossing  periosteum. \n\nLimited by suture lines in contrast to a Caput succedaneum.\n\nComplications:\n -jaundice", "- anemia  \n -hypotension. \n\nTakes weeks to resolve.\n \""]}
,{"Name": "Violaceous papule", "Causes": ["Kaposi sarcoma", "Gottron papules"], "Parents": ["Papular rash", "Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Salicylate poisoning", "Synonyms": ["Aspirin overdose"], "Causes": ["Aspirin"], "Effects": ["Tinnitus", "Sensorineural deafness", "Increased H ion intake", "Acquired lactate acidosis", "Hyperventilation", "Erythema multiforme", "Hypoglycaemia"], "Parents": ["Drug toxicity"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous bicarbonate"]}
,{"Name": "Toxocara gondii", "Causes": ["Cat faeces"], "Effects": ["Liver granuloma", "Uveitis"], "Parents": ["Toxocara"]}
,{"Name": "Synovitis", "Causes": ["Rheumatoid arthritis", "Psoriatic arthropathy", "Polymyalgia rheumatica", "Reiter's syndrome", "Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy"], "Parents": ["Rheumatological pathology", "Joint sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous haemosiderosis", "Synonyms": ["Iron deposition in skin"], "Causes": ["Varicose veins of leg"], "Effects": ["Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Haemosiderosis"]}
,{"Name": "Post-traumatic", "Effects": ["Hypersomnia"]}
,{"Name": "Fish-mouth ulcer", "Causes": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Description": ["\"Gaping wound after injury\""]}
,{"Name": "Trematode", "Synonyms": ["Fluke", "Trematoda"], "Parents": ["Helminth"], "Children": ["Schistosomiasis", "Fasciola hepatica", "Clonorchis sinensis"]}
,{"Name": "Thought anticipation", "Parents": ["Auditory hallucination"]}
,{"Name": "Ibuprofen", "Parents": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug"], "Treats": ["Fibrocystic disease of the breast"]}
,{"Name": "Neck pain", "Causes": ["Cervical spondylosis", "Whiplash", "Lymphadenitis", "Subacute thyroiditis"], "Parents": ["Pain"]}
,{"Name": "Skin signs on observation", "Parents": ["Observation sign"], "Children": ["Coarse skin", "Atrophic skin", "Scaly skin", "Chicken skin", "Skin colour", "Spider naevi", "Telangiectasia", "Angiokeratoma", "Anhidrosis", "Sweating", "Target lesion", "Herald patch", "Wickham striae", "Perifollicular haemorrhage", "Axillary freckling", "Livedo reticularis", "Palm and sole desquamation", "Keratoderma blenorrhagica", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Coup de sabre", "Lupus pernio", "Pastia line", "Sweet disease", "Bazex syndrome", "Bulla", "Vesicle", "Pustule", "Violaceous papule", "Eschar", "Collarette", "Ivory white plaque", "Granuloma annulare", "Palmoplantar pit", "Dusky palmar macules", "Palmar xanthoma", "Tripe palm", "Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum", "Cutaneous scarring", "Skin hair loss", "Greasy yellow papules"]}
,{"Name": "Staphylococcus albicans", "Parents": ["Staphylococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Hand trauma", "Causes": ["Chronic occupational hand injury"], "Effects": ["Dupuytren's contracture", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Onycholysis", "Carpal tunnel syndrome"], "Parents": ["Trauma"]}
,{"Name": "Non Invasive", "Children": ["Invasive Bladder Cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Mayer sign", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Forcible flexion of proximal phalanx of middle finger normally causes thumb adduction. Absent in upper motor neurone lesions\""]}
,{"Name": "Extrapyramidal sign", "Causes": ["Trypanosoma brucei gambiense", "Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Bradykinesia", "Resting tremor", "Cogwheel rigidity", "Hemiballismus", "Chorea", "Athetosis", "Oculomasticatory myoarrhythmia", "Akinetic-mute syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Synonyms": ["PAN"], "Effects": ["Hypertension", "Haemoptysis", "Weight loss", "Acute nephritic syndrome", "Acute kidney injury", "Renal ischaemia", "Subcutaneous nodule", "Coronary artery disease", "Positive p-ANCA", "Livedo reticularis", "Acute pancreatitis", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Erythema multiforme", "Eosinophilia", "Scleromalacia perforans", "Scleritis", "Roth spots", "Polyphonic wheeze", "Non-caseating granuloma"], "Parents": ["Primary vasculitis"]}
,{"Name": "Intestinal anthrax", "Effects": ["Abdominal pain", "Diarrhoea", "Nausea and vomiting", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed"], "Parents": ["Anthrax"], "Treatments": ["Ciprofloxacin", "Doxycycline"]}
,{"Name": "Hydroquinone", "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Cholasma"], "Description": ["\"a phenol.\ntopical application for skin whitening.(depigmentation)\""]}
,{"Name": "Casoni intradermal test positive", "Causes": ["Echinococcosis"], "Parents": ["Microbiological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Breast Biopsy", "Effects": ["Fat necrosis"], "Parents": ["Procedure"]}
,{"Name": "Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["GI cancer", "GI malignancy"], "Causes": ["Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Bloom syndrome", "Membranous glomerulonephritis"], "Effects": ["Anorexia", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Lower gastrointestinal bleed", "Bowel stricture", "Bowel obstruction"], "Parents": ["Intra-abdominal malignancy", "Carcinoma"], "Children": ["Postcricoid carcinoma", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Ileocaecal carcinoma", "Colorectal carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "FBN1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Marfan syndrome", "Weil-Marchesani syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 15 q21\""]}
,{"Name": "Absent radii", "Causes": ["Fanconi anaemia", "Edward's syndrome", "TAR syndrome", "Holt-Oram syndrome"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity", "Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Optic atrophy", "Synonyms": ["Optic nerve atrophy", "Small pale optic disc"], "Causes": ["Optic neuritis", "Optic neuropathy", "Chronic glaucoma", "Optic nerve compression", "Leber's optic atrophy", "Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Sturge-Weber syndrome", "Nephronophthisis", "Friedrich ataxia", "Hallevorden-Spatz disease", "Krabbe disease"], "Effects": ["Marcus Gunn pupil", "Desaturation", "Monocular blindness", "Central scotoma", "Tunnel vision"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"], "Description": ["\"Small hard bright white disc\""]}
,{"Name": "High gastrin level", "Causes": ["Pernicious anaemia", "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome", "Carcinoid tumour"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Exanthemous rash", "Synonyms": ["Genearlised erythematous rash"], "Causes": ["Rubella", "Measles", "Slapped cheek syndrome", "Roseola infantum"], "Parents": ["Maculopapular rash"]}
,{"Name": "Mullerian agenesis", "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Tangier disease", "Synonyms": ["Familial alpha-lipoprotein deficiency", "Hypoalphalipoproteinemia"], "Causes": ["ABCA1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Low high density lipoprotein", "Orange tonsils", "Steatosis", "Corneal arcus", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Spinothalamic tract lesion", "Dissociated sensory loss"], "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia", "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Severe reduction in high density lipoprotein (HDL) i.e good cholesterol.\nHDL transports cholesterol and phospholipids from the body's tissues to the liver", "where they are removed from the blood.\nHigh levels of HDL reduce devlopment of cardiovascular disease.\nOriginally discovered on Tangier Island off the coast of Virginia\""]}
,{"Name": "Crew haircut appearance", "Causes": ["Beta thalassaemia", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Bone marrow hyperplasia"], "Parents": ["Skull radiographical sign"]}
,{"Name": "Local infiltration of lung cancer", "Causes": ["Lung malignancy"], "Effects": ["Mediastinal carcinomatosis", "Pancoast syndrome", "Brachial plexus lesion", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy", "Thoracic outlet obstruction", "Obstruction of superior vena cava"]}
,{"Name": "Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease", "Synonyms": ["Pelizeus Merzbacher disease", "PMD"], "Causes": ["PLP1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Nystagmus", "Ataxia", "Chorea", "Neonatal hypotonia"], "Parents": ["Leukodystrophy", "X-linked recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"inability to form myelin .\nA leucodystrophy.\""]}
,{"Name": "Kidney biopsy", "Synonyms": ["Renal biopsy", "Renal histology"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Children": ["Crescentic nephritis", "Renal intercapillary hyaline thrombi", "Renal capillary thickening", "Spike appearance of glomerular basement membrane", "Mesangial hypercellularity", "Green birefringence under Congo red", "Mesangial widening", "Thickened basement membrane", "Renal capillary obliteration", "Diffuse glomerulosclerosis", "Subepithelial humps", "Podocyte fusion", "Waxy cast", "Wire-loop appearance of membrane"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-migraine drug", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Paracetamol", "Naproxen", "Sumatriptan", "Ondansetron", "Amitriptyline", "Propranolol", "Pizotifen", "Topiramate"], "Treats": ["Migraine"]}
,{"Name": "Primaquine", "Effects": ["Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Antimalarial drug"], "Treats": ["Pneumocystis pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Thyroglobulin antibody", "Synonyms": ["Tg antibody"], "Parents": ["Thyroid antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Angelman syndrome", "Synonyms": ["UBE3A mutation", "15q11 mutation"], "Causes": ["Ubiquitin mutation"], "Effects": ["Brachycephaly", "Hypopigmented skin", "Drooling", "Diastema", "Hyperreflexia", "Sleep disorder", "Congenital strabismus", "Laughter"], "Parents": ["Congenital neurological disease", "Genetic imprinting"], "Description": ["\"Genetic imprinting at 15q11 Maternal\""]}
,{"Name": "Retinal vasculitis", "Causes": ["Behcet disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology", "Primary vasculitis"]}
,{"Name": "Mithramycin", "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Treats": ["Hypercalcaemia", "Paget disease"]}
,{"Name": "V-shaped nail defects", "Causes": ["Darier disease"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pressure of thought", "Causes": ["Mania"], "Parents": ["Altered stream of thought"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic mastoidits", "Causes": ["Chronic suppurative otitis media"], "Parents": ["Acute mastoiditis"]}
,{"Name": "Hemihepatectomy", "Synonyms": ["Liver resection"], "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Treats": ["Hepatocellular carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Partial seizure", "Effects": ["Stereotyped movements"], "Parents": ["Seizure"], "Treatments": ["Felbamate", "Carbamazepine"]}
,{"Name": "Laryngology", "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat disease"], "Children": ["Laryngitis", "Laryngocoele", "Vocal cord palsy", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx"]}
,{"Name": "Polya gastrectomy", "Parents": ["Gastrectomy"], "Treats": ["Gastric adenocarcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Radiofrequency catheter ablation", "Parents": ["Radiological procedure"], "Treats": ["Ventricular tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes", "Causes": ["Alagille syndrome", "Down syndrome", "DiGeorge syndrome", "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome", "CHARGE syndrome", "Holt-Oram syndrome", "Marfan syndrome", "Noonan syndrome", "Turner syndrome", "Phenylketonuria", "Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Congenital heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Ropinirole", "Parents": ["Dopamine receptor agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Dysbetalipopriteinaemia", "Synonyms": ["Broad-beta disease", "Broad beta disease", "Remnant hyperlipidaemia", "Type III hyperlipidaemia", "Type 3 hyperlipidaemia", "Remnant dyslipidaemia"], "Causes": ["Apolipoprotein E2"], "Effects": ["Palmar xanthoma", "Tuberous xanthoma", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Coronary artery disease", "Impaired glucose tolerance", "Hypothyroidism"], "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia", "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Accumulation of LDL - reduced hepatic uptake\n1 in 10", "000\nRespond well to fibrate\""]}
,{"Name": "Paroxysmal coughing", "Causes": ["Cough", "Pertussis"], "Effects": ["Vasovagal reflex", "Sudden fall in blood pressure", "Subconjunctival haemorrhage", "Epistaxis", "Repeated vomiting", "Laryngitis", "Laryngocoele"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudoxanthomatous plaques", "Causes": ["Pseudoxanthoma elasticum"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Azidothymidine", "Synonyms": ["Zidovudine", "AZT"], "Effects": ["Acute pancreatitis", "Macrocytosis"], "Parents": ["Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Piecemeal necrosis", "Causes": ["Chronic active hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Liver biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Stress fracture", "Effects": ["Foot pain"]}
,{"Name": "Otitis externa", "Synonyms": ["Swimmers ear"], "Causes": ["Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Swimming"], "Effects": ["Earache"], "Parents": ["Otological disease"]}
,{"Name": "Diffuse organ ischaemia", "Causes": ["Hypoxaemia", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Effects": ["Diffuse organ infarcts"], "Parents": ["Ischaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Sore throat", "Synonyms": ["Throat pain"], "Causes": ["Tonsillitis", "Epiglottitis", "Laryngitis", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx", "Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Oropharyngeal anthrax"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Monoamine oxidase inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["MAOI"], "Effects": ["Cheese effect", "Hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Antidepressant", "Vasoconstrictor drug"], "Children": ["Phenelzine", "Selegiline"]}
,{"Name": "Ketoconazole", "Effects": ["Prolonged QT interval", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Anti-fungal agent", "P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Cutaneous leishmaniasis", "Coccidioides immitis"]}
,{"Name": "Transitional cell carcinoma of ureter", "Synonyms": ["Ureteric TCC", "Ureteric transitional cell carcinoma", "TCC of Ureter"], "Effects": ["Haematuria", "Ureteric obstruction", "Filling defect"], "Parents": ["Urological disease"], "Treatments": ["Nephro-ureterctomy"]}
,{"Name": "Blindness", "Synonyms": ["Visual loss"], "Causes": ["Quinine", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Chronic glaucoma", "Angioid streak", "Bilateral visual failure", "Conversion disorder", "Cogan syndrome"], "Effects": ["Decreased visual acuity"], "Parents": ["Visual field loss", "Visual symptom"], "Children": ["Monocular blindness", "Cortical blindness", "Night blindness"]}
,{"Name": "Left sided pleural effusion", "Causes": ["Rupture of oesophagus", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm"], "Parents": ["Pleural effusion"]}
,{"Name": "Infective hepatitis", "Causes": ["Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Legionella", "Fasciola hepatica", "Kala-azar", "Plasmodium falciparum"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased urate clearance", "Effects": ["High plasma urate"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphocytic meningoradiculitis", "Causes": ["Bannwarth syndrome"], "Parents": ["Aseptic meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Complex seizure", "Parents": ["Seizure"], "Children": ["Grand mal", "Petit mal"], "Treatments": ["Primidone"]}
,{"Name": "Ophthalmic herpes zoster", "Causes": ["Herpes zoster"], "Effects": ["Eye discharge", "Scleromalacia perforans", "Scleritis"]}
,{"Name": "Vocal breaks", "Causes": ["Laryngeal nodule"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Auditory canal stenosis", "Causes": ["Craniosynostosis"]}
,{"Name": "Basal cell carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["BCC"], "Causes": ["Xeroderma pigmentosa", "Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome", "Outdoor occupation"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of skin"], "Treatments": ["Radiotherapy", "5-fluorouracil"]}
,{"Name": "Hypotonia", "Synonyms": ["Low muscle tone", "Reduced muscle tone"], "Causes": ["Lower motor neurone lesion", "Hypokalaemia", "Cerebellar lesion"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Neonatal hypotonia"]}
,{"Name": "Terlipressin", "Parents": ["Vasopressin analogue"], "Treats": ["Oesophageal varices"]}
,{"Name": "Gynaecomastia", "Causes": ["High oestrogen", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Spironolactone", "Digoxin", "Cimetidine", "Griseofulvin", "Marijuana", "Diazepam", "Isoniazid", "Methyldopa", "Reserpine", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Kallman syndrome", "High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Choriocarcinoma", "Interstitial cell carcinoma of testis", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Kennedy disease", "Proton pump inhibitor"], "Parents": ["Chest sign"], "Treatments": ["Tamoxifen"]}
,{"Name": "Mutation GNAS1", "Effects": ["Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"]}
,{"Name": "Bradykinesia", "Synonyms": ["Bradykinesis"], "Causes": ["Parkinsonism"], "Effects": ["Slow movement", "Monotonous speech", "Dysarthria", "Expressionless face", "Dribbling", "Shuffling gait", "Festinant gait", "Low blink rate", "Micrographia", "Fall in elderly"], "Parents": ["Extrapyramidal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Clot limited by suture line", "Causes": ["Extradural haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["CT sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pulsatile tinnitus", "Causes": ["Arteriovenous malformation", "Caroticocavernous fistula", "Carotid artery dissection", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Spontaneous intracranial hypotension", "Glomus tumour"], "Parents": ["Tinnitus"], "Description": ["\"42% pathological\""]}
,{"Name": "Ebstein anomaly", "Synonyms": ["Ebstein's anomaly"], "Effects": ["Right atrial hypertrophy", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Atrial fibrillation"], "Parents": ["Acyanotic heart disease"], "Description": ["\"Atrialisation of the right ventricle\""]}
,{"Name": "Selective IgA deficiency", "Causes": ["Congenital IgA deficiency", "Phenytoin", "Penicillamine", "Sulphasalazine", "Hydroxychloroquine"], "Effects": ["Chronic pulmonary infection", "Atopy", "Coeliac disease", "Inflammatory bowel disease"], "Parents": ["Serum electrophoresis"]}
,{"Name": "Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Abetalipoproteinaemia"], "Causes": ["MTTP gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Malabsorption state", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Acanthocytosis", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Vitamin E deficiency"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"100 cases worldwide\ncannot make beta lipoprotein required for absorption of  dietary fats", "cholesterol", "and fat-soluble vitamins. \nMTTP gene mutation\""]}
,{"Name": "Congenital melanocytic naevus", "Effects": ["Malignant melanoma"]}
,{"Name": "Acute monomyelocytic leukaemia", "Causes": ["Fanconi anaemia"], "Parents": ["Acute leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Round lung shadow", "Synonyms": ["Coin lesion"], "Causes": ["Lung malignancy", "Lung metastasis", "Tuberculoma", "Lung abscess", "Hydatid cyst", "Mycetoma", "Rheumatoid nodule", "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Yellow conjunctiva", "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Goitre", "Causes": ["Thyroid disease", "Iodine deficiency", "Goitrogen ingestion", "Acromegaly", "Post-partum thyroiditis", "Pendred syndrome"], "Effects": ["Neck swelling", "Mass that moves with deglutition"], "Parents": ["Neck sign", "Neck lump"], "Children": ["Multinodular goitre"]}
,{"Name": "Clipping", "Treats": ["Subarachnoid haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatic vein thrombosis", "Causes": ["Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria", "Pregnancy", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Hepatocellular carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Budd-Chiari syndrome"], "Parents": ["Venous thrombosis"]}
,{"Name": "Neonatal hypotonia", "Causes": ["Prader-Willi syndrome", "Down syndrome", "Trisomy 22", "Fragile X syndrome", "Cri-du-chat syndrome", "Glycogen storage disorder type II", "Spinal muscular atrophy type 1", "Canavan disease", "Biotinidase deficiency", "Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease", "Maple syrup urine disease"], "Parents": ["Paediatric sign", "Hypotonia"]}
,{"Name": "Delusion", "Causes": ["Psychosis", "Depression"], "Effects": ["Morbid fear", "Overvalued idea"], "Parents": ["Altered thought content"], "Children": ["Paranoid delusion", "Grandiose delusion", "Delusion of reference", "Delusional perception", "Persecutory delusion", "Hypochondriacal delusion", "Nihilistic delusion", "Morbid jealousy", "Delusion of guilt"]}
,{"Name": "Liddle syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Pseudohyperaldosteronism"], "Causes": ["African origin", "SCNN1B gene mutation", "Ubiquitin mutation"], "Effects": ["Renal fluid retention", "Low renin", "Low aldosterone", "Hypokalaemia", "Metabolic alkalosis"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Mutation of amiloride-sensitive sodium channel in DCT/CD\nearly-onset severe hypertension\""]}
,{"Name": "Refetoff syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Ineffective T3 receptor"], "Effects": ["Hypothyroidism", "High total thyroxine"]}
,{"Name": "Astigmatism", "Parents": ["Childhood ocular problems"]}
,{"Name": "Trypanosoma brucei", "Synonyms": ["African trypanosomiasis", "Sleeping sickness"], "Causes": ["Tsetse fly bite"], "Effects": ["Splenic response to infection", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Pruritus", "Giemsa stain positive"], "Parents": ["Protozoan infection"], "Children": ["Trypanosoma brucei gambiense", "Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense"], "Description": ["\"Rx Melarsoprol", "Suramin\""]}
,{"Name": "Ascites", "Causes": ["Systemic venous congestion", "Portal hypertension", "Decreased oncotic pressure", "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Fluid overload", "Budd-Chiari syndrome", "Meig syndrome", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Whipple's disease", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Intra-abdominal malignancy"], "Effects": ["Anorexia", "Abdominal striae", "Shifting dullness", "Fluid thrill", "Abdominal distension", "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis"], "Parents": ["Oedema"], "Treatments": ["Spironolactone", "Ascitic tap", "Human albumin solution"]}
,{"Name": "Photokeratitis", "Causes": ["Ultraviolet light"], "Effects": ["Superficial keratitis"]}
,{"Name": "Haemolysis", "Effects": ["High plasma urate", "Low glycated haemoglobin", "Cholelithiasis", "Iron overload"], "Parents": ["Haematological pathology"], "Children": ["Extravascular haemolysis", "Intravascular haemolysis", "Immune haemolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Picornavirus", "Synonyms": ["Pico-RNA virus"], "Effects": ["Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis"], "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus"], "Children": ["Enterovirus", "Rhinovirus"]}
,{"Name": "Peripheral infarct", "Synonyms": ["Digital infarct"], "Causes": ["Cholesterol embolus", "Aortic bypass", "Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Children": ["Splinter haemorrhage", "Nail-fold infarct"]}
,{"Name": "Coats disease", "Synonyms": ["Exudative retinitis"], "Causes": ["Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Norrie disease"], "Effects": ["Anisocoria", "Red eye", "Leucocoria", "Rubeosis iridis", "Hypertortuosity of retinal vessels", "Retinal microaneurysm", "Hard exudate", "Exudative retinal detachment"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Gas gangrene", "Synonyms": ["Clostridium alpha-toxin syndrome"], "Causes": ["Clostridium perfringens"], "Parents": ["Soft tissue infection", "Gangrene", "Exotoxin syndrome"], "Treatments": ["Hyperbaric oxygen therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Tendon xanthoma", "Synonyms": ["Tendon xanthomata"], "Causes": ["Familial hypercholesterolaemia", "Sitosterolaemia"], "Effects": ["Hand nodule"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Xanthoma"]}
,{"Name": "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Effects": ["Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Sensorineural deafness", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Short stature", "Type I diabetes mellitus", "Third degree atrioventricular block", "Proximal myopathy", "Elevated protein in CSF", "Bilateral ptosis", "Hereditary lactate acidosis", "Familial dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Mitochondrial chromosome disorder"], "Description": ["\"Under 20 yrs at presentation\n80% have deletions in mitochodrial DNA from muscle biopsy\""]}
,{"Name": "Pectus excavatum", "Causes": ["Trisomy 9", "Marfan syndrome", "Myxoid degeneration", "Williams syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hypokalaemia", "Causes": ["Thiazide", "Loop diuretic", "Gut electrolyte loss", "Cushing syndrome", "Hyperaldosteronism", "Potassium redistribution", "Distal renal tubule acidosis", "Proximal renal tubule acidosis", "Renal artery stenosis", "Liquorice", "Bartter syndrome", "Liddle syndrome", "Carbenoxolone", "Gentamicin", "Amphotericin B", "Renal tubular damage", "Metabolic alkalosis", "Verner-Morrison syndrome", "Metastasis", "Salbutamol", "Total parenteral nutrition"], "Effects": ["Hypotonia", "Muscle weakness", "Tetany", "U-wave", "Long PR interval", "Depressed ST segment", "T-wave inversion", "Prolonged QT interval", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Digoxin toxicity", "Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "Asystole", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy", "Electrolyte imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Proteus mirabilis", "Parents": ["Enterobacteriaceae", "Proteus"]}
,{"Name": "Borrelia lymphocytoma", "Causes": ["Lyme disease"], "Parents": ["Face sign"], "Description": ["\"Bluish red nodule on earlobe or nose\""]}
,{"Name": "Abnormal white cell enzyme", "Causes": ["GM1 gangliosidosis", "Tay-Sachs disease", "Sandhoff disease", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Gaucher disease", "Krabbe disease", "Fucosidosis", "Alpha-mannosidosis", "Niemann-Pick disease", "Wolman disease", "Sly syndrome", "Mucolipidosis", "Schindler disease", "Batten disease"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Vigabatrin", "Synonyms": ["GABA transaminase inhibitor"], "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug", "Fatty acid", "GABA-A receptor agonist"], "Description": ["\"Irreversibly binds GABAtr\""]}
,{"Name": "Bounding pulse", "Causes": ["Hypercapnia", "Hyperdynamic circulation"], "Parents": ["Pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "Ectopic calcification", "Synonyms": ["Calcinosis"], "Causes": ["Hypercalcaemia", "CREST syndrome", "Dermatomyositis", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Tumour lysis syndrome", "Hypervitaminosis D", "Sarcoidosis", "Trauma", "Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome", "Albright's osteodystrophy"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Chondrocalcinosis", "Corneal calcification", "Nephrocalcinosis"]}
,{"Name": "Periodic sharp wave complex", "Synonyms": ["Periodic sharp wave on EEG"], "Causes": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"], "Parents": ["EEG sign"]}
,{"Name": "Beck's triad", "Causes": ["Cardiac tamponade"], "Effects": ["Shock", "Raised jugular venous pressure", "Quiet heart sounds"], "Description": ["\"Rising JVP", "Falling BP", "Small quiet heart\""]}
,{"Name": "Astasia abasia", "Causes": ["Hysteria", "Conversion disorder"], "Effects": ["Inability to walk"], "Description": ["\"inability to either stand or walk in a normal manner. \ndramatic gait disturbance", "lurching wildly in various directions and falling only when a nearby person", "or soft object will catch them.\n \nAstasia = inability to stand upright unassisted.\n \nAbasia = lack of motor coordination in walking. \nThe base of gait (the lateral distance between the two feet) is inconstant or unmeasurable. \n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Castillo disease", "Parents": ["Klinefelter syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Congenital absence of germinal cells\""]}
,{"Name": "Extensive surgery", "Effects": ["Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Soft tissue injury", "Bleeding from wound"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Treatments": ["Tranexamic acid"]}
,{"Name": "Blalock-Taussig shunt", "Effects": ["Rib notching", "Hypoplastic limb", "Absent radial pulse"], "Parents": ["Cardiac surgery"], "Treats": ["Tetralogy of Fallot"]}
,{"Name": "Platelet-derived growth factor", "Synonyms": ["PDGF"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Lower gastrointestinal bleed", "Synonyms": ["Lower GI bleed", "Overt GI bleed", "Overt gastrointestinal bleed", "PR bleed", "Bleeding per rectum"], "Causes": ["Diverticular disease", "Ulcerative colitis", "Crohn's disease", "Ischaemic colitis", "Angiodysplasia of colon", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Bowel infarction", "Haemorrhoid", "Fissure-in-ano", "Hookworm", "Pinworm", "Proctitis", "Solitary rectal ulcer", "Gastrointestinal carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Blood in faeces"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Hypopnoea", "Causes": ["Bezold Jarisch reflex"], "Parents": ["Respiratory sign"], "Description": ["\"Shallow breathing\""]}
,{"Name": "Anderson triad", "Causes": ["Cystic fibrosis"], "Effects": ["Cystic fibrosis", "Vitamin A deficiency", "Bronchiectasis"]}
,{"Name": "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Synonyms": ["11p15 mutation", "Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome"], "Effects": ["Macroglossia", "Organomegaly", "Omphalocoele", "Umbilical hernia", "Inguinal hernia", "Prune-belly sequence", "Diastasis recti", "Failure to thrive", "Preauricular sinus", "Hydramnios", "Pyloric stenosis", "Anal atresia", "Fetal macrosomia", "Wilm's tumour", "Low-set ears"], "Parents": ["Genetic imprinting", "Disease due to genetic mutation", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 11\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Haemangioma", "Causes": ["Bannayan-Zonana syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hypophosphataemia", "Face lump"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm", "Vascular malformations", "Bone tumour"], "Children": ["Capillary haemangioma", "Cavernous haemangioma", "Giant haemangioma", "Haemangiopericytoma", "Choroidal haemangioma"]}
,{"Name": "Increased ACTH", "Causes": ["Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion", "Corticotropin releasing factor secretion", "Nelson syndrome"], "Effects": ["Adrenal hyperplasia", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"]}
,{"Name": "Adrenal insufficiency alacrima and achalasia syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Triple-A syndrome", "Quadruple-A syndrome", "Allgrove syndrome", "4A syndrome", "Achalasia-Addisonianism-Alacrimia syndrome", "AAA syndrome"], "Effects": ["Achalasia cardia", "Dry eye", "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Amyotrophy", "Autonomic dysreflexia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder:\n-adrenal insufficiency-Addison's disease due to ACTH resistance. \n-alacrima -absence of tear secretion \n-achalasia cardia\""]}
,{"Name": "Ostium primum atrial septal defect", "Synonyms": ["Primum ASD"], "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Noonan syndrome", "Atrioventricular septal defect"], "Effects": ["Left axis deviation", "Mitral regurgitation", "Coarctation of the aorta", "Congenital pulmonary stenosis", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Left hemifascicular block"], "Parents": ["Atrial septal defect"]}
,{"Name": "Octreotide", "Parents": ["Somatostatin analogue"], "Treats": ["Pretibial myxoedema", "Oesophageal varices", "Carcinoid tumour", "Ruptured oesophageal varices"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary flow murmur", "Causes": ["Atrial septal defect"], "Effects": ["Ejection systolic murmur"]}
,{"Name": "Depersonalisation disorder", "Parents": ["Dissociative disorder"], "Description": ["\"Feeling of being detached from yourself or looking at yourself from the outside", "as an observer would. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Polymyxin", "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Treats": ["Chronic suppurative otitis media"]}
,{"Name": "Severe T-cell immunodeficiency", "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Allogenic bone marrow transplant", "Thymic aplasia", "Defective T-cell function", "DiGeorge syndrome"], "Effects": ["Viral infection", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"]}
,{"Name": "Non-megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia", "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism", "Alcoholism"], "Parents": ["Macrocytic anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Thiamine deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Beri beri", "Beriberi", "Beri-beri", "Vitamin B1 deficiency"], "Causes": ["Alcoholism", "Hyperemesis gravidarum"], "Effects": ["Korsakoff dementia", "Vitamin deficiency neuropathy", "Wernicke encephalopathy", "Sinus tachycardia", "Raised pyruvate", "Low red cell transketolase", "High cardiac output state", "Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"], "Description": ["\"Thiamine is a Krebs cycle cofactor\""]}
,{"Name": "Anal wart", "Parents": ["Condyloma accuminata"]}
,{"Name": "Methanol", "Effects": ["Increased H ion intake", "Sinus tachycardia", "Hypernatraemia", "Optic neuropathy", "Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Abused drug"], "Description": ["\"Produces methanoic acid\nRx gastric lavage", "ethanol or fomepizole", "high-dose folic acid", "bicarb if pH<7", "dialysis if no response.\""]}
,{"Name": "Reabsorption of urine", "Causes": ["Extravasation of urine"], "Effects": ["Elevated plasma creatinine"]}
,{"Name": "Parasomnia", "Synonyms": ["Sleep disorder with abnormal behvaiour"], "Parents": ["Sleep disorder"], "Children": ["Somnambulism", "Somniloquy", "Bruxism"]}
,{"Name": "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia", "Causes": ["McCune Albright syndrome", "Mutation GNAS1"], "Effects": ["Pathological fracture", "Short stature", "Scoliosis", "Facial dysmorphism", "Cafe au lait patch", "Precocious puberty", "Increased growth hormone secretion", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Cushing syndrome", "Hypophosphataemia", "Osteomalacia", "Optic nerve compression", "Looser's zone", "Osteosarcoma", "Leontiasis ossea"], "Parents": ["Congenital skeletal dysplasia"], "Treatments": ["Bisphosphonate", "anti-androgens", "Anti-oestrogen"]}
,{"Name": "Lemierre syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Septic thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein", "Lemi\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrre syndrome"], "Causes": ["Fusobacterium necrophorum"], "Effects": ["Neck swelling", "Lung abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Kashin-Beck disease", "Causes": ["Selenium deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid", "Synonyms": ["EDTA"], "Parents": ["Chelating agent"], "Description": ["\"Used in iron overload\""]}
,{"Name": "Absent corneal reflex", "Causes": ["Trigeminal neuropathy", "Brainstem death"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign"]}
,{"Name": "Telogen effluvium", "Causes": ["Emotional stress"], "Effects": ["Non-scarring alopecia", "Exclamation mark hair"], "Description": ["\"Shock", "emotion etxc\""]}
,{"Name": "Pendred syndrome", "Effects": ["Hypothyroidism", "Goitre", "Sensorineural deafness"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Catatonic excitement", "Causes": ["Organic catatonic disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Lutein cyst", "Parents": ["Ovarian cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Granisetron", "Parents": ["5-HT3 antagonist"]}
,{"Name": "Vertigo", "Causes": ["Meniere's disease", "Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo", "Labyrinthitis", "Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy", "Ototoxicity", "Vertebrobasilar infarct", "Hyperviscosity", "Cinchonism", "Pontine lesion", "Cogan syndrome", "Spontaneous intracranial hypotension", "Ciguatera"], "Effects": ["Dizziness", "Nausea and vomiting", "Vasovagal reflex"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom", "Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Scalenus anticus spasm", "Effects": ["Thoracic outlet obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Renal intercapillary hyaline thrombi", "Causes": ["Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Vasopressin analogue", "Synonyms": ["ADH analogue", "AVP analogue", "Antidiuretic hormone analogue", "Arginine vasopressin analogue"], "Effects": ["Endocrine fluid retention", "Hyponatraemia"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Vasoconstrictor drug"], "Children": ["Glypressin", "Terlipressin", "Desmopressin"], "Treats": ["Threatened abortion", "Dystocia", "Uterine inertia", "Gynaecological haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Sumatriptan", "Parents": ["Anti-migraine drug", "5-HT1D agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Periungual fibroma", "Synonyms": ["Koenen subungual angiofibroma", "Ungual fibroma"], "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Waxy cast", "Causes": ["End-stage renal failure"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Blue-grey skin pigmentation", "Causes": ["Amiodarone", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"]}
,{"Name": "Hirsutism", "Synonyms": ["Masculine hair growth pattern"], "Causes": ["Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Cushing syndrome", "Virilisation", "Phenytoin", "Acromegaly", "Minoxidil", "Cyclosporin", "Diazoxide"]}
,{"Name": "Infective endocarditis", "Causes": ["Prosthetic cardiac valve", "Valvular heart disease", "Pacemaker", "Mitral regurgitation", "Intravenous drug abuse", "Central line", "Haemodialysis", "Ventricular septal defect", "Ostium secundum atrial septal defect", "Cardiomyopathy", "Coarctation of the aorta", "Severe combined immunodeficiency", "Atrial myxoma", "Whipple's disease", "Congenital heart disease"], "Effects": ["Splinter haemorrhage", "Osler node", "Janeway lesion", "Subconjunctival haemorrhage", "Roth spots", "Cardiac vegetation", "Valvular heart disease", "Mitral regurgitation", "Normocytic anaemia", "septic emboli", "Mycotic aneurysm", "Microvasculitis", "Secondary vasculitis", "Monocytosis", "Fingernail clubbing", "Aortic regurgitation", "Renal emboli", "Rheumatoid factor positive", "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis", "Acquired complement deficiency", "Cotton wool exudate", "Peripheral infarct", "Splenic response to infection"], "Parents": ["Chronic bacterial infection", "Endocarditis"], "Children": ["Right-sided bacterial endocarditis", "Bacterial endocarditis", "Fungal endocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Proximal renal tubule acidosis", "Synonyms": ["PRT acidosis", "PRTA", "Type II renal tubular acidosis", "Type 2 renal tubular acidosis"], "Causes": ["Fanconi syndrome", "Acetazolamide", "Wilson's disease", "Lowe syndrome"], "Effects": ["Bicarbonate loss", "Decreased H ion excretion", "Osteomalacia", "Hypokalaemia", "Hyperchloraemic acidosis"], "Parents": ["Renal tubule acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Epistaxis", "Synonyms": ["Nosebleed", "Nose bleed", "Nasal haemorrhage"], "Causes": ["Nasal trauma", "Hypertension", "Bleeding disorder", "Aspirin", "Paranasal sinus tumour", "Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Paroxysmal coughing"], "Effects": ["Haematemesis", "Melaena", "High plasma urea"], "Parents": ["Rhinology", "Ear nose and throat symptom"], "Treatments": ["Compression", "Adrenaline", "Tranexamic acid", "Nasal packing", "Cauterisation"], "Description": ["\"Anterior nosebleed\n-arises from  lower nasal septum. Kiesselbach's plexus- 4 arteries anastamose here to form a plexus.  \n-Anterior nosebleeds  easily treated at home.\n-seen in children.\n\nPosterior nosebleed\n-originates further back and higher up the nose where artery branches supply blood to the nose\n -Seen in adults.\n-more serious and may require medical attention. \n \""]}
,{"Name": "Weight loss program", "Effects": ["Ketogenic diet"], "Parents": ["Diet"]}
,{"Name": "Aminoglutethimide", "Synonyms": ["Cytadren"], "Effects": ["Low oestrogen", "Increased androgen secretion", "High testosterone"], "Parents": ["Hormonal manipulation"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma of breast"], "Description": ["\"blocks aromatase in the generation of estrogens from androstenedione and testosterone\""]}
,{"Name": "Systemic mastocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Mast cell hyperlasia"], "Effects": ["Gastric acid hypersecretion", "Urticaria pigmentosa", "Facial flushing", "Osteoporosis"], "Parents": ["Myeloproliferative disorder"], "Treatments": ["Clomethiazole", "Ranitidine", "Cromoglycate"], "Description": ["\"Polyclonal non-neoplastic proliferation\nAny age or sex\""]}
,{"Name": "Pet", "Parents": ["Animal"], "Children": ["Canine or feline", "Hamster", "Avian"], "Description": ["\"Zoonosis in the absence of a vector.\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Neck swelling", "Synonyms": ["Neck lump", "Neck mass", "Cervical mass"], "Causes": ["Cervical lymphadenopathy", "Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy", "Goitre", "Thyroid adenoma", "Thyroglossal cyst", "Branchial cyst", "Sialolithiasis", "Sternocleidomastoid tumour", "Laryngocoele", "Pharyngeal pouch", "Quinsy", "Lemierre syndrome", "Zenker diverticulum"], "Parents": ["Neck sign"]}
,{"Name": "Atypical monocytes", "Causes": ["Myelodysplastic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Anthrax", "Causes": ["Bacillus anthracis"], "Parents": ["Zoonosis"], "Children": ["Cutaneous anthrax", "Oropharyngeal anthrax", "Intestinal anthrax", "Inhalation anthrax"]}
,{"Name": "Norrie disease", "Effects": ["Coats disease"]}
,{"Name": "Sanfilippo syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Heparan N-sulphatase deficiency", "MPS type III A-D", "Mucopolysaccaridosis type III A-D"], "Parents": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Sheehan post-partum pituitary necrosis", "Synonyms": ["Sheehan syndrome", "Sheehan postpartum pituitary necrosis"], "Causes": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Effects": ["Panhypopituitarism"], "Parents": ["Post-partum disease", "Necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Coarctation of the aorta", "Synonyms": ["Coarctation"], "Causes": ["Turner syndrome", "Ostium primum atrial septal defect"], "Effects": ["Ejection systolic murmur", "Hypertension", "Radiofemoral delay", "Rib notching", "Absent radial pulse", "Aortic dissection", "Berry aneurysm", "Infective endocarditis", "Wide pulse pressure", "Hypertortuosity of retinal vessels", "Absent arterial pulse", "Reverse 3 sign"], "Parents": ["Systolic murmur radiating to back", "Thoracic malformations"], "Children": ["Preductal coarctation", "Juxtaductal coarctation"], "Description": ["\"Usually idiopathic\r\nJust below left subclavian artery origin\r\nMale : female = 2:1\r\n25% survive till age 50\""]}
,{"Name": "Nail-fold telangiectasia", "Synonyms": ["Nail fold telangiectasia"], "Causes": ["Dermatomyositis"], "Parents": ["Telangiectasia", "Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Double-stranded RNA virus", "Parents": ["Viral infection"], "Children": ["Rotavirus"]}
,{"Name": "Nemaline myopathy", "Parents": ["Congenital myopathy", "Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"so called beacuse of the presence of  rod-shapedstructures called nemaline (`thread-like') bodies in the muscle fibres.\""]}
,{"Name": "Group B streptococcus", "Synonyms": ["Lancefield group B streptococcus", "Streptococcus agalactiae", "S. agalactiae"], "Effects": ["Septic abortion", "Bacterial meningitis"], "Parents": ["Beta haemolytic streptococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Impaired vertical saccades", "Causes": ["Progressive supranuclear palsy", "Gyrophilic brain disease", "Huntington disease", "Whipple's disease", "Mitochondrial chromosome disorder", "PolG mutation", "Niemann-Pick disease", "Neurofilament inclusion disease", "Spinocerebellar ataxia 1", "Spinocerebellar ataxia 3", "Kufor Rakeb disease"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign"]}
,{"Name": "Outdoor occupation", "Effects": ["Squamous cell skin cancer", "Basal cell carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Occupational hazard"]}
,{"Name": "Tattooing", "Effects": ["Hepatitis B", "Human immunodeficiency virus"]}
,{"Name": "Excess iron intake", "Effects": ["Iron overload"], "Parents": ["Diet"]}
,{"Name": "Grandiose delusion", "Synonyms": ["Grandiosity"], "Causes": ["Mania"], "Parents": ["Delusion"]}
,{"Name": "Clopidogrel", "Parents": ["Cardiac drug", "Anticoagulant drug"], "Treats": ["Cerebral infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Permethrin", "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"]}
,{"Name": "Life event", "Synonyms": ["Psychological trauma"], "Effects": ["Depression"]}
,{"Name": "Gilbert syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Gilbert's syndrome"], "Causes": ["Inadequate diet", "Nicotinic acid"], "Effects": ["UDP-glucuronase deficiency", "Hepatocellular jaundice"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Onset after birth", "prevalence 1-2%\n7:2 Male preponderance\nTransient jaundice", "during fasting", "infection", "haemolysis\nmutation of TATA box promotor of UDP glucuronase\nUGT1A1 gene  chromosome 2\""]}
,{"Name": "IgA antibody", "Effects": ["High IgA"], "Parents": ["Antibody"], "Children": ["Anti-gliadin antibody", "Anti-endomysial antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Spinocerebellar ataxia 3", "Synonyms": ["Machado-Joseph disease", "MJD", "SCA-3", "SCA 3", "SCA3"], "Effects": ["Impaired vertical saccades"], "Parents": ["Spinocerebellar ataxia"]}
,{"Name": "Cretinism", "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation", "Hypertelorism", "Macroglossia"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"], "Children": ["Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome"], "Treatments": ["Thyroxine", "Guthrie test"]}
,{"Name": "Invasive Bladder Cancer", "Parents": ["Non Invasive"]}
,{"Name": "Spinocerebellar ataxia 1", "Synonyms": ["SCA-1", "SCA 1", "SCA1"], "Effects": ["Impaired vertical saccades"], "Parents": ["Spinocerebellar ataxia"]}
,{"Name": "Intracystic haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Acquired renal cystic disease", "Adult polycystic kidney disease"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Familial adenomatous polyposis coli", "Synonyms": ["FPC", "APC", "Adenopolyposis coli", "Familial polyposis coli", "FAP"], "Causes": ["APC gene mutation", "Turcot syndrome"], "Effects": ["Colonic polyp", "Malignant transformation", "Hepatoblastoma"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Congenital neoplastic syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 5\nAccounts for only 1% of colon Ca\nInvariably results in Ca by age 40\""]}
,{"Name": "Gynaecological surgery", "Effects": ["Ureteric obstruction", "Ureteric perforation"], "Parents": ["Surgery", "Gynaecology"], "Children": ["Cone Biopsy", "Dilatation and Curettage", "Hysterectomy", "Caesarian section", "Myomectomy", "Salpingectomy", "Salpingooophorectomy", "Fallopian tube surgery", "Endometrial ablation"]}
,{"Name": "Eczema herpeticum", "Synonyms": ["Kaposi varicelliform eruption"], "Causes": ["Herpes simplex virus"]}
,{"Name": "Bleeding disorder", "Synonyms": ["Haemorrhagic diathesis", "Clotting deficiency"], "Causes": ["Thrombocytopenia", "Platelet dysfunction", "Clotting factor deficiency", "Anticoagulant drug", "Fragile blood vessel", "Chronic liver disease", "Yellow fever", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever"], "Effects": ["Acute blood loss", "Chronic blood loss", "Epistaxis", "Subconjunctival haemorrhage", "Ecchymosis", "Contusion", "Haemarthrosis", "Petechial rash", "Menorrhagia", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Intracerebral haemorrhage", "Haemopericardium"], "Parents": ["Haematological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Open reduction", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Rose spots", "Causes": ["Typhoid fever"], "Description": ["\"on trunk\""]}
,{"Name": "Eclampsia", "Causes": ["Pre-eclampsia"], "Effects": ["Delirium", "Generalised seizure", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Intracerebral haemorrhage", "Hypertensive encephalopathy", "Miscarriage"], "Parents": ["Toxaemia"], "Treatments": ["Childbirth", "Magnesium", "Benzodiazepine"], "Description": ["\"Generalised fit during pregnancy\""]}
,{"Name": "Tauopathy", "Parents": ["Histology"], "Children": ["Corticobasal degeneration", "Progressive supranuclear palsy", "Frontotemporal dementia", "Alzheimer disease"]}
,{"Name": "Hypertrichosis", "Causes": ["Cyclosporin", "Porphyria cutanea tarda"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Dislocation of lens", "Synonyms": ["Lens dislocation", "Ectopia lentis", "Subluxation of lens"], "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome", "Alport syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Weil-Marchesani syndrome", "Refsum disease"], "Effects": ["Iridodonesis"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Children": ["Downward dislocation of lens"]}
,{"Name": "Lance-Adams syndrome", "Synonyms": ["LAS"], "Causes": ["Hypoxic brain injury"], "Effects": ["Action myoclonus"], "Description": ["\"3 days after hypoxic injury\""]}
,{"Name": "Parental chromosome abnormality", "Effects": ["Recurrent miscarriage"], "Parents": ["Karyotypic abnormality"], "Children": ["Robertsonian translocation"]}
,{"Name": "Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment", "Synonyms": ["RRD"], "Causes": ["Posterior vitreous detachment", "Marfan syndrome", "Cytomegalovirus retinitis"], "Parents": ["Retinal detachment"], "Description": ["\"Caused by fluid accumulation behind a retinal tear\""]}
,{"Name": "Anterograde amnesia", "Synonyms": ["Short term memory loss"], "Causes": ["HIV encephalitis", "Hippocampal damage"], "Parents": ["Amnesia"]}
,{"Name": "Placental-like alkaline phosphatase", "Synonyms": ["PLAP", "Placental-like isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase"], "Causes": ["Teratoma"], "Parents": ["High alkaline phosphatase"]}
,{"Name": "Thrombosis", "Causes": ["Virchow's triad"], "Effects": ["Raised D-dimer"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Arterial thrombosis", "Venous thrombosis", "Intravascular thrombus formation", "Left atrial thrombosis", "Aneurysmal thrombosis"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Clomipramine", "Synonyms": ["Anafranil"], "Parents": ["Tricyclic antidepressant"]}
,{"Name": "Coronary artery bypass graft", "Synonyms": ["CABAG"], "Parents": ["Cardiac surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperactivity", "Causes": ["Psychosis", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Glycosaminoglycan", "Synonyms": ["Mucopolysaccharide"], "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Children": ["Heparin"]}
,{"Name": "Continuous murmur", "Synonyms": ["machinery murumur"], "Causes": ["Takayasu arteritis", "Patent ductus arteriosus"], "Parents": ["Murmur"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary nephritis", "Causes": ["Alport syndrome"], "Effects": ["Acute glomerulonephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Catheter displacement", "Causes": ["Total parenteral nutrition"]}
,{"Name": "Watery diarrhoea", "Causes": ["Giardiasis", "Verner-Morrison syndrome", "High serotonin", "Pseudomembranous colitis", "Cholera"], "Parents": ["Diarrhoea"]}
,{"Name": "Absent ear", "Synonyms": ["Microtia"], "Causes": ["Isotretinoin"], "Effects": ["Conductive deafness"], "Parents": ["Face sign"], "Description": ["\"isotretinoin during pregnancy\""]}
,{"Name": "Ankle clonus", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Neonatal hypoxia", "Causes": ["Meconium aspiration", "Diaphragmatic hernia", "Premature birth", "Congenital heart disease", "Pulmonary hypoplasia"], "Effects": ["Hypoxic respiratory failure"]}
,{"Name": "Chemotheraputic drug", "Synonyms": ["Anticancer drug", "Chemotherapy agent"], "Effects": ["Bowel irritation by drug", "Tumour lysis syndrome", "High plasma urate", "Thrombocytosis", "Amenorrhoea", "Immunosuppression"], "Parents": ["Drug", "Chemotherapy", "Teratogenic drug"], "Children": ["Cytotoxic drug", "EGFR inhibitor", "VEGF inhibitor", "Ifosfamide"], "Treats": ["Hodgkin lymphoma", "Carcinoma of breast", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Malignant melanoma"]}
,{"Name": "Mediastinal teratoma", "Parents": ["Thoracic malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Irregular QRS complex", "Causes": ["Atrial fibrillation"]}
,{"Name": "Secondary hyperparathyroidism", "Causes": ["Hypocalcaemia", "Chronic renal failure", "Rickets", "Osteomalacia", "Malabsorption state", "Lithium"], "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Excess parathyroid hormone"], "Parents": ["Hyperparathyroidism"], "Treatments": ["Cinacalcet", "Parathyroidectomy"], "Description": ["\"Increase in PTH secretion in response to hypocalcemia  :\nAs in  chronic renal failure (Renal Osteodystrophy)\n\nPTH elevated due to decreased levels of calcium or 1", "25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3.\nFailing kidneys do not convert enough vitamin D to its active form\n\nMost patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease \nwill improve after renal transplantation", "but many will continue to have a degree of \nresidual hyperparathyroidism (tertiary hyperparathyroidism) post-transplant \nwith associated risk of bone loss", "etc.\n \nPrognosis\nIf left untreated", "the disease will progress to tertiary hyperparathyroidism", "where correction of the underlying cause will not stop excess PTH secretion", "i.e. parathyroid gland hypertrophy becomes irreversible.\n\nTREATMENT:\nMedical\n1) Treat underlying cause ie. renal transplant\n2) Dietary restriction of phosphorus.\n   (Phosphate is not excreted in CRF", "which alters calcium levels) \n3)Vitamin D supplements\n4)Cinacalcet\n\nSurgical:\n Parathyroidectomy\""]}
,{"Name": "Dohle body", "Synonyms": ["Toxic granulation"], "Causes": ["Leukoerythroblastosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Referred chest pain", "Parents": ["Referred pain", "Chest pain"]}
,{"Name": "Quiet first heart sound", "Synonyms": ["Quiet S1"], "Causes": ["Severe mitral stenosis"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Sunitnib", "Synonyms": ["Sutent"], "Parents": ["VEGF inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Renal cell carcinoma"], "Description": ["\"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor\""]}
,{"Name": "Leuprolein", "Synonyms": ["Prostap"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Urological drug", "Hormonal manipulation"], "Treats": ["Prostate cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Causes": ["Nulliparity", "Carcinoma of breast", "Hormone replacement therapy", "Endometriosis", "Polygenic inheritance", "HNPCC gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Ascites", "Abdominal mass", "Peritoneal metastasis", "High CA 125 tumour marker", "Ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion", "Hypercalcaemia"], "Parents": ["Ovarian tumour"], "Children": ["Serous cystadenoma", "Mucinous cystadenoma", "Endometrioid carcinoma", "Clear cell  carcinoma of ovary"], "Treatments": ["Hysterectomy", "Salpingooophorectomy", "Pelvic Lymphadenectomy", "Omental resection"], "Description": ["\"most occur over age 50 years\n\nSTAGING\nStage I: Ovary only (25%) \nStage II: Pelvic Extension\nStage III: Peritoneal implants\nStage IV: Distant Metastasis\n\nPROGNOSIS\nFive year survival:\n - 1.Overall five year survival: 40%\n - 2.5 year survival for advanced Ovarian Cancer: 20%\n\nManagement:\nHysterctomy+ Bil. Sapligo-oophorectomy+ Pelvic lymhadenectomy+ Omental resection.\""]}
,{"Name": "Axillary freckling", "Synonyms": ["Axillary freckles"], "Causes": ["Neurofibromatosis I"], "Parents": ["Hyperpigmentation", "Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Auscultatory lung sign", "Parents": ["Respiratory sign", "Auscultatory sign"], "Children": ["Decreased breath sounds", "Vesicular breath sounds", "Bronchial breathing", "Bronchophony", "Egophony", "Cavernous breath sounds", "Whispered pectoriloquy", "Crepitations", "Wheeze", "Pleural rub", "Silent chest"]}
,{"Name": "Fludarabine", "Parents": ["Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Hughlings Jackson syndrome", "Effects": ["Cranial accessory nerve palsy", "Hypoglossal nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Ante-partum haemorrhage", "Synonyms": ["Bleeding in pregnancy", "PV bleeding during pregnancy", "Per vaginem bleed in pregnancy"], "Causes": ["Placenta praevia", "Ectopic pregnancy", "Abruptio placentae", "Uterine rupture", "Hydrops fetalis", "Ruptured ectopic pregnancy", "Fetal death"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological haemorrhage", "Complication of childbirth"]}
,{"Name": "Limited movement of spine", "Causes": ["Klippel-Feil syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Genu valgum", "Parents": ["Lower limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "CMV inclusion bodies", "Causes": ["CMV proctitis"], "Parents": ["Inclusion body"]}
,{"Name": "Cleft palate", "Causes": ["Stickler syndrome", "Treacher Collins syndrome", "Edward's syndrome", "Patau syndrome", "Cornelia de Lange syndrome", "DiGeorge syndrome", "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome", "Pierre Robin syndrome", "Velocardiofacial syndrome", "Larson syndrome", "Cat eye syndrome", "Congenital syphilis", "Obesity"], "Effects": ["Feeding problems", "Otitis media", "Conductive deafness", "Cosmetic disfigurement"], "Parents": ["Head and neck malformation", "Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic glaucoma", "Synonyms": ["Open-angle glaucoma", "Open angle glaucoma"], "Causes": ["Old age", "African origin", "Polygenic inheritance", "Marfan syndrome", "Anterior uveitis", "Diabetic retinopathy"], "Effects": ["Arcuate field defect", "Blindness", "Tunnel vision", "Cupping of optic disc", "Optic atrophy", "Caecocentral scotoma", "Retinal vein occlusion"], "Parents": ["Glaucoma"], "Children": ["Congenital rubella"], "Treatments": ["Prostaglandin analogues", "Acetazolamide", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Sympathomimetic", "Miotics", "Iridotomy"], "Description": ["\"Commonest type.\nBilateral.\nSilent killer of the eye.\nUnless treated", "this is progressive.\nOpen-angle glaucoma can't be cured.\nTreat with eyedrops.\""]}
,{"Name": "Miliary shadowing of lung", "Causes": ["Miliary tuberculosis", "Pulmonary sarcoidosis", "Mycoplasmal pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Terfenadine", "Synonyms": ["Triludan"], "Effects": ["Prolonged QT interval"], "Parents": ["H1-antagonist"]}
,{"Name": "Amniocentesis", "Parents": ["Obstetric procedure"], "Treats": ["Hydramnios"]}
,{"Name": "Hirschsprung disease", "Causes": ["c-ret oncogene mutation", "EDN3 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Constipation"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Traumatic cataract", "Parents": ["Childhood ocular problems"]}
,{"Name": "Elevated serum acute phase proteins", "Causes": ["Acute phase reaction"], "Effects": ["High C-reactive protein", "Complement", "Raised amyloid A protein", "Fibrinogen", "High serum ferritin", "Raised  haptoglobin"], "Parents": ["Acute phase proteins"]}
,{"Name": "Adenovirus", "Effects": ["Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Sinusitis", "Infective conjunctivitis"], "Parents": ["Double-stranded DNA virus"]}
,{"Name": "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Synonyms": ["SJS"], "Causes": ["Erythema multiforme", "Sulphonamide", "Penicillin", "Herpes simplex virus", "Orf", "Lamotrigine", "Piroxicam", "Allopurinol", "5-aminosalicylic acid", "Carbamazepine", "HLA-B58"], "Effects": ["Fever", "Arthralgia", "Myalgia", "Interstitial pneumonitis", "Mucosal erosion", "Bulla"], "Parents": ["Drug induced skin disease", "Conjunctivitis", "Ten serious rashes"]}
,{"Name": "Quinsy", "Synonyms": ["Tonsillar abscess", "Retropharyngeal abscess"], "Causes": ["Pharyngitis", "Tonsillitis"], "Effects": ["Neck swelling", "Hot potato speech"], "Parents": ["Pyogenic abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency", "Synonyms": ["MTHFR deficiency"], "Causes": ["MTHFR gene  mutation", "MTHFR gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Homocystinuria", "Anencephaly", "Spina bifida", "Genetic hypercoagulable state", "Homocysteinaemia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"MTFHR  is required for folic acid synthesis.\nIt converts 5", "10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. \nThis reaction is required for the multistep process that converts the amino acid homocysteine to methionine.\""]}
,{"Name": "Antibiotic", "Effects": ["Pseudomembranous colitis"], "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Penicillin", "Cephalosporin", "Macrolide", "Tetracycline", "Aminoglycoside", "Quinolone", "Nitrofurantoin", "Sulphonamide", "Fusidic acid", "Anti-tuberculous agent", "Glycopeptide", "Very broad spectrum antibiotic", "Metronidazole", "Actinomycin D", "Doxorubicin", "Diaminopyrimidine", "Daunorubicin", "Dapsone", "Clindamycin", "Paromycin", "Teicoplanin", "Streptomycin", "Nalidixic acid", "Polymyxin", "Mithramycin"], "Treats": ["Ischaemic colitis", "Sinusitis", "Tonsillitis", "Acute mastoiditis", "Septic arthritis", "Hordeolum", "Dacryocystitis"]}
,{"Name": "Affective disorder", "Synonyms": ["Mood disorder"], "Causes": ["Huntington disease"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric disease"], "Children": ["Depression", "Organic depressive disorder", "Mania", "Bipolar disorder", "Hypomania", "Seasonal affective disorder"], "Description": ["\"Dramatic changes of mood. \n - manic (elevated mood", "hyperactive", "inflated self-esteem) or \n - depressive (dejected mood with disinterest in life) or\n - manic-depressive: alternating mania & depression (bipolar)\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Scleromalacia perforans", "Causes": ["Scleritis", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Rheumatoid disease", "Ophthalmic herpes zoster"], "Effects": ["Episcleritis"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Description": ["\"Rx High dose steroids\""]}
,{"Name": "Leriche syndrome", "Causes": ["Aortic occlusive disease", "Aortic saddle embolism"], "Effects": ["Buttock claudication", "Absent femoral pulses", "Impotence"]}
,{"Name": "Squared ear", "Causes": ["Velocardiofacial syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Fallopian tube surgery", "Effects": ["Ectopic pregnancy"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Contralateral hemiplegia", "Synonyms": ["Contralateral hemiparesis", "Contralesional hemiparesis"], "Causes": ["Weber syndrome", "Millard-Gubler syndrome", "Benedict syndrome", "Avellis syndrome", "Jackson syndrome"], "Parents": ["Paresis"]}
,{"Name": "Radiological investigation", "Synonyms": ["Radiographical sign", "X-ray sign"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Chest X-ray sign", "Abdominal X-ray sign", "Skull radiographical sign", "Bone X-ray sign", "Barium sign", "Intravenous urogram sign", "CT sign", "Brain MRI sign"]}
,{"Name": "Vascular sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Quincke sign", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Buergers test positive", "Venous guttering", "Venous refill poor", "Limb hypertrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Soft tissue injury", "Synonyms": ["Injury to soft tissues"], "Causes": ["Penetrating injury", "Crush Injury", "Contusion", "Laceration", "Abrasion", "Maceration", "Burn", "Chemical injury", "Irradiation", "Extensive surgery"], "Effects": ["Tendon injury", "Vascular injury", "Nerve injury", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation"]}
,{"Name": "Plasmacytoid cell", "Causes": ["Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Liver biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Speech therapy", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Laryngeal nodule"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudohypoparathyroidism", "Synonyms": ["PTH resistance"], "Causes": ["Chromosome 20 mutation"], "Effects": ["Albright's osteodystrophy", "Tetany", "Howard-Ellsworth test positive", "Lymphoedema"], "Parents": ["Congenital endocrine disorder"], "Treatments": ["Calcium"], "Description": ["\"Gmos mutation disrupting intracellular signalling from PTH receptor", "leading to global PTH insensitivity\n\nPHP type 1a (Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy):\n\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Bipolar I", "Children": ["Bipolar II"]}
,{"Name": "Detrusor Failure", "Causes": ["Bladder outflow obstruction", "Neurogenic bladder", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Anticholinergic drug"], "Effects": ["Chronic urinary retention"], "Parents": ["Urological disease"], "Treatments": ["Urinary catheter"]}
,{"Name": "Turkish origin", "Synonyms": ["Origin from Turkey"], "Effects": ["Behcet disease"], "Parents": ["Mediterranean origin"]}
,{"Name": "Acute abdominal pain", "Synonyms": ["Acute abdomen"], "Causes": ["Infective gastroenteritis", "Acute gastritis", "Rupture of abdominal viscus", "Peritonitis", "Appendicitis", "Meckels diverticulum", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Small bowel obstruction", "Bowel infarction", "Toxic megacolon", "Acute pancreatitis", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Ectopic pregnancy", "Torsion of ovarian cyst", "Acute urinary retention", "Urinary tract infection", "Endometriosis", "Referred abdominal pain", "Carcinoid tumour", "Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Sickle cell crisis", "Splenic infarction", "Food allergy", "Addisonian crisis", "Haemochromatosis", "Hypercalcaemia", "Musculoskeletal pain", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Tender hepatomegaly", "Digoxin toxicity", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Abdominal pain"]}
,{"Name": "Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Synonyms": ["Hyperglycaemic ketoacidosis", "DKA"], "Causes": ["Type I diabetes mellitus"], "Effects": ["Increased H ion production", "Hyperglycaemia", "Ketosis", "Coma", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Acute abdominal pain", "High urinary Potassium", "Rhabdomyolysis"], "Parents": ["Metabolic acidosis", "Acidosis"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous bicarbonate"]}
,{"Name": "Slow movement", "Causes": ["Bradykinesia"]}
,{"Name": "Dysostosis multiplex", "Causes": ["Fucosidosis"], "Parents": ["Congenital skeletal dysplasia"]}
,{"Name": "Restrictive cardiomyopathy", "Causes": ["Systemic amyloidosis", "Haemochromatosis", "Sarcoidosis", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Loffler's eosinophilic carditis", "Endomyocardial fibrosis", "Irradiation", "Carcinoid tumour", "Anthracycline", "Hypereosinophilic syndrome", "Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy"], "Effects": ["Cardiac tamponade"], "Parents": ["Cardiomyopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Gallavardin phenomenon", "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis", "Old age"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign"], "Description": ["\"High frequency component of ESM may radiate to apex.\""]}
,{"Name": "Massive splenomegaly", "Causes": ["Myelofibrosis", "Chronic myeloid leukaemia", "Malaria", "Kala-azar", "AIDS with mycobacterium avium complex"], "Parents": ["Splenomegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Salt-wasting nephropathy", "Synonyms": ["Renal salt wasting"], "Causes": ["Pyelonephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Upper limb deformity", "Synonyms": ["Upper limb malformation", "Upper limb defect"], "Parents": ["Observation sign", "Orthopaedic malformations"], "Children": ["Phocomelia", "Hypoplastic limb", "Dolichostenomelia", "Absent radii", "Sprengel's shoulder", "Polydactyly", "Oligodactyly", "Syndactyly", "Arachnodactyly", "Brachydactyly", "Shortened fifth metacarpal", "Shortened fourth metacarpal", "Overlapping 3rd and 4th digits", "Hypoplastic clavicle"]}
,{"Name": "Downward slanting palpebral fissures", "Causes": ["Cat eye syndrome", "Treacher Collins syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Thromboembolism", "Causes": ["Total parenteral nutrition", "Central line"]}
,{"Name": "Pickwickian syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Obesity hypoventilation syndrome"], "Causes": ["Obesity", "Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome"], "Effects": ["Narcolepsy", "Snoring"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Primary chancre", "Synonyms": ["Primary syphilis", "Hard chancre"], "Causes": ["Syphilis"], "Parents": ["Genital sore"]}
,{"Name": "Pancreatic islet tumour", "Synonyms": ["Endocrine pancreatic adenoma"], "Causes": ["MEN I", "Von Hippel-Lindau disease"], "Effects": ["Zollinger-Ellison syndrome", "Glucagonoma", "Verner-Morrison syndrome", "Carcinoid tumour", "Insulinoma"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm", "Gastrointestinal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Lumbar puncture", "Synonyms": ["CSF investigation", "Spinal tap", "Cerebrospinal tap", "LP"], "Effects": ["Low intracranial pressure", "Coning of medulla"], "Parents": ["Neurological investigation", "Neurological procedure"], "Children": ["Purulent cerebrospinal fluid", "Xanthochromic CSF", "Elevated protein in CSF", "Lymphocytic cerebrospinal fluid", "Protein 14-3-3", "Protein S-100 in CSF", "Neuron-specific enolase", "CSF tau protein"]}
,{"Name": "Ruptured interventricular septum", "Synonyms": ["Septal rupture", "Rupture of interventricular septum"], "Causes": ["Myocardial infarction"], "Effects": ["Septal damage"]}
,{"Name": "Sulpiride", "Effects": ["Hyperprolactinaemia"], "Parents": ["Neuroleptic drug", "Dopamine receptor antagonist"]}
,{"Name": "Sex hormone imbalance", "Effects": ["Fibrocystic disease of the breast", "Acne vulgaris"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"], "Children": ["Low testosterone", "High testosterone", "Low oestrogen", "High oestrogen", "Elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone", "Low Progestrone", "High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Raised follicle-stimulating hormone", "Low follicle-stimulating hormone", "Hyperprolactinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Shooting pains", "Synonyms": ["Lightning pain", "Lancinating pain"], "Causes": ["Tabes dorsalis"], "Parents": ["Pain"]}
,{"Name": "Entacapone", "Parents": ["Catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Phlycten", "Synonyms": ["Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis", "Phlyctenulosis"], "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus", "Candida albicans"], "Effects": ["Conjunctival injection"], "Parents": ["Type IV hypersensitivity reaction"], "Treatments": ["Topical antibiotic", "Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Trichinellosis", "Synonyms": ["trichiniasis", "Trichinosis"], "Causes": ["Trichinella spiralis"], "Effects": ["Heartburn", "Fever", "Myalgia", "Periorbital oedema", "Splinter haemorrhage", "Nurse cells", "Nausea and vomiting"], "Parents": ["Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["Mebendazole", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Caused by eating undercooked pork  infected with the larvae of the roundworm Trichinella spiralis.\nLarvae penetrate intestinal mucosa and spread via bloodstream.\n\nMinor symptoms.\nRarely fatal from myocarditis", "encephalitis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Pyuria", "Synonyms": ["Leucocytes in urine", "Leucocyturia", "Pus in urine", "Urinary white cells", "Urinary leucocytosis"], "Causes": ["Urinary tract infection"], "Effects": ["Cloudy urine"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Cherry-red spot", "Synonyms": ["Cherry red spot"], "Causes": ["Central retinal artery occlusion", "Tay-Sachs disease", "GM1 gangliosidosis", "Niemann-Pick disease", "Mucolipidosis", "Sialidosis"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "CYP21A2  gene mutation", "Effects": ["21-hydroxylase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus  6p21.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Deranged liver function test", "Synonyms": ["Deranged LFT", "Abnormal LFT"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Children": ["Elevated liver enzymes", "High alkaline phosphatase", "Raised gamma glutaryl transferase"]}
,{"Name": "Thrombocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Thrombocythaemia", "Raised platelets", "High platelets"], "Causes": ["Inflammatory disease", "Anaemia of blood loss", "Essential thrombocythaemia", "Hyposplenism", "Malignancy", "Blood change in pregnancy", "Chemotheraputic drug"], "Effects": ["Artefactual high potassium"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Chrysops fly bite", "Effects": ["Loa loa"], "Parents": ["Insect bite"]}
,{"Name": "Impalement", "Effects": ["Stab injury"]}
,{"Name": "Nuclear factor kB", "Effects": ["Inflammatory cytokine", "Chemokine", "Inducible nitric oxide synthase"], "Parents": ["Hormone"], "Description": ["\"Inhibited by cortisol\""]}
,{"Name": "Melanonychia", "Causes": ["Subungual melanoma"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"], "Description": ["\"Longitudinal brown streaks\""]}
,{"Name": "Nappy infection", "Effects": ["Fused labia"]}
,{"Name": "Neuroblastoma", "Parents": ["Neurological tumour", "Childhood malignancy"], "Treatments": ["Vincristine"]}
,{"Name": "Cardiomegaly", "Causes": ["Left ventricular hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Vulval infection", "Effects": ["Vulval irritation"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological infection"], "Children": ["Vaginal candidiasis", "Vulval wart"]}
,{"Name": "Compartment syndrome", "Causes": ["Long bone fracture", "Orthopaedic surgery", "Aortic bypass", "Crush Injury", "Rhabdomyolysis"], "Effects": ["Pallor", "Capillary refill poor", "Paraesthesia", "Musculoskeletal pain", "Limb ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology", "Paresis"], "Treatments": ["Fasciotomy", "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy"], "Description": ["\"Pain out of proportion to the clinical picture.\nA lack of pulse is rare", "as compartment pressures  are often well below arterial pressures \""]}
,{"Name": "Thought insertion", "Parents": ["Altered thought posession", "Schneider first rank criterion"]}
,{"Name": "Marijuana", "Synonyms": ["Weed", "Pot", "Ganja", "Hash", "Cannabis"], "Effects": ["Gynaecomastia", "Psychoactive substance use", "Conjunctival injection"], "Parents": ["Abused drug"]}
,{"Name": "Pyridoxine", "Synonyms": ["Vitamin B6"], "Parents": ["Vitamin"], "Treats": ["Homocystinuria", "Vitamin B6 deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Verapamil", "Effects": ["Third degree atrioventricular block", "Digoxin toxicity"], "Parents": ["Calcium channel blocker", "Class IV antiarrhythmic drug"], "Treats": ["Fetal tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Low serum iron", "Synonyms": ["Low blood iron"], "Causes": ["Iron deficiency anaemia", "Anaemia of chronic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Guarding", "Causes": ["Peritonitis", "Peritonism", "Acute pancreatitis", "Splenic tear"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Leathery patches", "Causes": ["Dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Increased thyroid-binding globulin", "Synonyms": ["Increased TBG"], "Causes": ["High oestrogen"], "Effects": ["High total thyroxine"], "Description": ["\"99% T4 is bound\""]}
,{"Name": "Budesonide", "Synonyms": ["Pulmicort"], "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"], "Description": ["\"Inhaled corticosteroid.\nused to prevent asthma attacks. \nIt will not treat an asthma attack that has already begun.\""]}
,{"Name": "Diabetes", "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"], "Children": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Diabetes insipidus"]}
,{"Name": "Coarse crepitations throughout", "Causes": ["Bronchiectasis", "Chronic bronchitis"], "Parents": ["Crepitations"]}
,{"Name": "Cutis marmorata", "Parents": ["Erythema"]}
,{"Name": "Osteoclastoma", "Effects": ["Osteolysis"], "Parents": ["Bone tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Loss of bony achitecture", "Causes": ["Acute Osteomyelitis"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Acute gastritis", "Causes": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Corticosteroid", "Stress ulcer", "Alcohol", "Uraemia"], "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain", "Nausea and vomiting"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology", "Gastritis"]}
,{"Name": "Parinaud syndrome", "Causes": ["Pineal tumour"], "Effects": ["Convergence-retraction nystagmus", "Impaired upgaze", "Sluggish pupillary reflex"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral vasodilatation", "Causes": ["Cushing's triad"], "Effects": ["Chronic headache"], "Parents": ["Peripheral vasodilatation"]}
,{"Name": "Heart disease", "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Congenital heart disease", "Coronary artery disease", "Cardiac arrhythmia", "Valvular heart disease", "Heart block", "Heart failure", "Myocardial disease", "Endocarditis", "Pericardial disease", "Shunt"]}
,{"Name": "Nausea and vomiting", "Synonyms": ["N+V"], "Causes": ["Acute gastritis", "Acute pancreatitis", "Infective gastroenteritis", "Small bowel obstruction", "Appendicitis", "Uraemia", "Migraine", "Vertigo", "Acute glaucoma", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Vasovagal reflex", "Hepatitis A", "Small round-structured virus", "Echovirus", "Irradiation", "Emetic", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Barrett's oesophagus", "Testicular torsion", "Haemodialysis", "Wernicke encephalopathy", "Penicillamine", "Bile acid binding resin", "Theophylline", "Digoxin toxicity", "Sulphonamide", "Tetracycline", "Macrolide", "Levodopa", "Bromide", "Felbamate", "Ethosuximide", "Azathioprine", "Dopamine receptor agonist", "Food allergy", "Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Maple syrup urine disease", "Manganese deficiency", "Intestinal anthrax", "Trichinellosis", "HELLP syndrome", "Panic attack"], "Effects": ["Anorexia", "Repeated vomiting"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"], "Treatments": ["Propofol", "Chlorpromazine", "Antiemetic"]}
,{"Name": "Plasma cell neoplasm", "Parents": ["Lymphoid neoplasm"], "Children": ["Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Coarse hair", "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "POEMS syndrome", "Homocystinuria", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Transposition of great arteries", "Synonyms": ["Transposition", "Transposition of great vessels of heart"], "Effects": ["Preductal coarctation"], "Parents": ["Cyanotic congenital heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Hydroxyzine", "Synonyms": ["Atarax"], "Parents": ["H1-antagonist"]}
,{"Name": "Non-pitting ankle swelling", "Synonyms": ["Non-pitting ankle oedema"], "Causes": ["Wucheria bancrofti", "Lymphoedema praecox", "Pretibial myxoedema"], "Parents": ["Swelling of ankles"]}
,{"Name": "Immunosuppressant drug", "Synonyms": ["Immunosuppressants", "Immunomodulatory agent"], "Effects": ["Immunosuppression"], "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Corticosteroid", "Cytotoxic drug", "Calcineurin inhibitor", "Immunoglobulin", "Mycophenolate mofetil"], "Treats": ["Myasthenia gravis", "Nephrotic syndrome", "Psoriasis", "Pemphigus vulgaris", "Pretibial myxoedema", "Connective tissue disease", "Primary vasculitis"]}
,{"Name": "Tiagabine", "Parents": ["Fatty acid", "Anticonvulsant drug"]}
,{"Name": "Hair dyes", "Effects": ["Allergic contact dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudocyst", "Causes": ["Acute pancreatitis"], "Effects": ["Duodenal filling defect", "Abdominal mass"]}
,{"Name": "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Causes": ["Pregnancy", "Iron deficiency anaemia", "Folic acid deficiency", "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Multiple birth", "Hyperemesis gravidarum"], "Effects": ["Premature birth", "Low birth weight", "Global developmental delay", "Spina bifida", "Anencephaly", "Maternal Risk"], "Parents": ["Normocytic anaemia", "Complication of pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "IKBKAP gene mutation", "Effects": ["Riley-Day syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus  9q31\""]}
,{"Name": "Colo-vesical fistula", "Synonyms": ["vesico-colic fistula", "Bowel-bladder fistula"], "Causes": ["Colorectal carcinoma", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Pelvic irradiation"], "Effects": ["Pneumaturia", "Urinary tract infection"], "Parents": ["Urinary fistula"]}
,{"Name": "Posterior urethral valve", "Causes": ["Russell-Silver syndrome"], "Effects": ["Oligohydramnios", "Chronic urinary tract obstruction"], "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Pituitary surgery", "Effects": ["Panhypopituitarism", "Cranial diabetes insipidus", "Low testosterone", "Hypothalamic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Brain surgery"], "Children": ["Hypophysectomy"], "Treats": ["Acromegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Anisocoria", "Synonyms": ["Normal asymmetric pupil"], "Causes": ["Coats disease", "Ophthalmic autonomic dysregulation"], "Effects": ["Constricted pupil", "Dilated pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hypophosphataemia", "Causes": ["Excess parathyroid hormone", "Vitamin D deficiency", "Vitamin D resistant rickets", "Hungry bone syndrome", "Fanconi syndrome", "Haemangiopericytoma", "Haemangioma", "Leiomyoma", "Prostate cancer", "Myeloma", "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia", "Alcoholism", "Diabetes mellitus", "Respiratory alkalosis", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia", "Total parenteral nutrition"], "Effects": ["Muscle weakness", "Intravascular haemolysis", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Osteomalacia", "Toxic encephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Electrolyte imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Cornelia de Lange syndrome", "Synonyms": ["De Lange syndrome 1", "Brachmann-Cornelia de Lange syndrome", "CdLS", "BCDL", "Amsterdam dwarf", "Status degenerativus amstelodamensis"], "Causes": ["NIPBL gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Craniosynostosis", "Failure to thrive", "Mental retardation", "Dermatoglyphics", "Sandifer anomaly", "Oligodactyly", "Phocomelia", "Cleft palate"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"1:10", "000\""]}
,{"Name": "Peau d'orange", "Causes": ["Carcinoma of breast", "Pretibial myxoedema"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Caroticocavernous fistula", "Synonyms": ["Intracavernous carotid artery rupture", "Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula", "CC fistula"], "Effects": ["Proptosis", "Chemosis", "Pulsatile tinnitus", "Eye pain", "Cavernous sinus lesion"], "Parents": ["Vascular malformation of brain"]}
,{"Name": "Lung metastasis", "Causes": ["Carcinoma of breast", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Testicular tumour", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Malignant melanoma", "Sarcoma", "Ewing sarcoma"], "Effects": ["Hilar lymphadenopathy", "Round lung shadow"], "Parents": ["Metastasis", "Lung malignancy"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Aortic regurgitation", "Synonyms": ["Aortic incompetence"], "Causes": ["Rheumatic fever", "Hypertension", "Aortic dissection", "Seronegative spondyloarthritis", "Marfan syndrome", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Behcet disease", "Rheumatoid disease", "Quaternary syphilis", "Congenital aortic valve malformation", "Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm", "Fenestrated semilunar valves", "Takayasu arteritis", "Aortic valve replacement", "Infective endocarditis", "Libmann-Sachs endocarditis"], "Effects": ["Collapsing pulse", "Thrusting apex", "Austin Flint murmur", "Soft second heart sound", "Third heart sound", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Left ventricular failure", "Left atrial hypertrophy", "Hyperdynamic circulation", "Hill sign", "Left bundle branch block", "Cor bovinum", "Early diastolic murmur"], "Parents": ["Valvular heart disease"], "Treatments": ["Aortic valve replacement"], "Description": ["\"4% per year of asymptomatic patients will develop symptoms or failure.\nPrevalence: 13% of persons age 75-86 have moderate to severe AR.\n\nReplacement if EF 20-50%", "NYHA III-IV", "concomitant IHD", "aortic root dilatation > 50 mm\n\n\nAetiology:\nValvular disease = 40% \n  - congenital\n  - endocarditis\n\nNonvalvular disease = 60 %\n  - idiopathic 90%\n  - Marfans 10%\n  - systemic hypertension in 90% - suggests that altered elasticity of  aortic root may have been  cause of valve incompetence.\n\nIn the developing world", "most common cause = rheumatic heart disease. \""]}
,{"Name": "Raynaud phenomenon", "Synonyms": ["Reynaud phenomenon", "Raynaud syndrome"], "Causes": ["Raynaud disease", "Cold weather", "Thoracic outlet obstruction", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "CREST syndrome", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Rheumatoid disease", "Sjogren syndrome", "Dermatomyositis", "Cryoglobulinaemia", "Cold antibody haemolysis", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Hyperviscosity", "Limb ischaemia", "Hand trauma", "Repetitive stress injury", "Bleomycin", "Vincristine", "Ergot alkaloid", "Sulphasalazine", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Peripheral vascular disease"], "Effects": ["Peripheral cyanosis", "Reactive hyperaemia", "Hand pain", "Chilblains", "Nail-fold infarct", "Atrophy of finger pulp"], "Parents": ["Vascular sign", "Hand sign", "Autoimmune disease"], "Treatments": ["Calcium channel blocker", "Alpha adrenoceptor blocker", "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor", "Prostacyclin", "Sympathectomy"], "Description": ["\"White", "blue", "red.\nRx nifedipine", "ACEi", "gamolenic acid", "prostacyclin", "sympathectomy.\n90% patients are female.\""]}
,{"Name": "Disorientation in person", "Parents": ["Disorientation"]}
,{"Name": "SERPING1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Hereditary angioedema"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Schilling test positive", "Causes": ["Vitamin B12 malabsorption"]}
,{"Name": "Clutton joints", "Synonyms": ["Clutton's joints", "Painless knee effusion"], "Causes": ["Congenital syphilis"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Elejalde syndrome", "Effects": ["Albinism"], "Parents": ["Griscelli syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Similar to Type I Griscelli.\nDescribed in Columbia.\nresearchers have proposed that Griscelli syndrome type 1 and Elejalde disease are actually the same disorder\""]}
,{"Name": "Bone marrow infiltration", "Synonyms": ["Space occupying bone lesion"], "Causes": ["Bone metastasis", "Leukaemia", "Lymphoma", "Disseminated cancer", "Myelofibrosis", "Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Bone marrow granuloma"], "Effects": ["Bone marrow suppression", "Bone pain"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow sign"]}
,{"Name": "Leucocyte adhesion molecule deficiency", "Effects": ["Recurrent pyogenic infection", "Neutrophilic leukocytosis"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Norovirus", "Causes": ["Faecal contamination of food", "Salad"]}
,{"Name": "Pistol shot femorals", "Synonyms": ["Traube sign"], "Causes": ["Hyperdynamic circulation"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"], "Description": ["\"Sharp sound heard over femoral arteries in time with heart beat\""]}
,{"Name": "Alopecia areata", "Causes": ["Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Down syndrome", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Atopy"], "Effects": ["Non-scarring alopecia", "Nail pitting", "Trachonychia", "Anonychorrhexis", "Exclamation mark hair"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune skin disease"], "Treatments": ["Psoralen and ultraviolet-A light", "Dithranol", "Minoxidil", "Infliximab", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"75% below the age of 40\n25% familial\""]}
,{"Name": "Psychiatric symptom", "Parents": ["Psychiatry"], "Children": ["Early morning waking", "Suicidal ideation", "Palilalia", "Echolalia", "Coprolalia", "Copropraxia", "Echopraxia", "Euphoria", "Self-mutilation", "Cataplexy", "Mental retardation", "Globus hystericus", "Low self-esteem", "Apathy"]}
,{"Name": "J-wave", "Synonyms": ["Osborne wave"], "Causes": ["Hypothermia"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Silver", "Effects": ["Argyria"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Diffuse glomerulosclerosis", "Causes": ["Diabetic nephropathy"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Brown gums", "Causes": ["Tetracycline"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Bone cyst", "Synonyms": ["Subperiostial lytic lesion"], "Causes": ["Osteoarthritis", "Subperiosteal bone resorption", "Primary hyperparathyroidism"], "Parents": ["Cyst", "Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital cataract", "Causes": ["Myotonic dystrophy", "Wilson's disease", "Marfan syndrome", "Still disease", "DiGeorge syndrome", "Galactosaemia", "Alport syndrome", "Werner syndrome", "Fabry disease", "Lowe syndrome", "Sialidosis", "Congenital rubella"], "Parents": ["Cataract"]}
,{"Name": "Boas sign", "Causes": ["Cholecystitis"], "Description": ["\"Dermal hyperaesthesia at inferior angle of R scapula.\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Brucellosis", "Synonyms": ["Brucella"], "Effects": ["Back pain", "Anorexia", "Weight loss", "Muscle weakness", "Sacroiliitis", "Liver granuloma", "Culture-negative endocarditis", "Bacterial lymphocytic meningitis", "Splenic response to infection", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Uveitis", "Fever of unknown origin", "Transverse myelitis"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus", "Notifiable disease", "Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["Streptomycin", "Doxycycline", "Rifampicin"], "Description": ["\"Endemic:\nMiddle East", "Africa\n\nManagement:\n2 antibiotics concurrently x 6 weeks", "because bacteria incubate within cells.\nTreatment\nA) Gold standard\n     IM streptomycin 1 g x 14 days \n     Doxycycline 100 mg bd x 45 days (concurrently). \n\nB Oral Regime:\n   Doxycycline + Rifampin bd for x6 weeks. \n\nRelapse rate 10%\n\nComplications if untretaed:\na) Endocarditis.\nb) Liver abscess.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Aspirin", "Synonyms": ["Acetylsalicylic acid"], "Effects": ["High plasma urate", "Low plasma urate", "Reye syndrome", "Salicylate poisoning", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Crohn's disease", "Non-immunological urticaria", "Epistaxis"], "Parents": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Treats": ["Cerebral infarction", "Acne vulgaris", "Acute coronary syndrome", "Vertebrobasilar infarct"], "Description": ["\"29% decrease vascular events post-MI\""]}
,{"Name": "St.Louis encephalitis", "Effects": ["Infectious encephalitis"]}
,{"Name": "ADAMTS13 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 9q34\""]}
,{"Name": "Meningococcus", "Synonyms": ["Neisseria meningitidis"], "Effects": ["Meningococcal septicaemia", "Bacterial meningitis", "Positive Quellung test", "Endotoxin", "Transverse myelitis"], "Parents": ["Neisseria", "Capsulated organism"], "Description": ["\"Meningitis of adolescents and adults\""]}
,{"Name": "Knie sign", "Synonyms": ["Unequal pupillary dilatation"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"], "Description": ["\"Uneven pupillary dilatation in dim light\""]}
,{"Name": "Pericardial effusion", "Causes": ["Pericarditis", "Myocardial infarction", "Cardiac surgery", "Yellow nail syndrome"], "Effects": ["Cardiac tamponade", "Absent apex beat", "Hot water bottle sign"], "Parents": ["Pericardial disease"]}
,{"Name": "Taenia solium", "Synonyms": ["Pork tapeworm"], "Causes": ["Undercooked meat"], "Effects": ["Cysticercosis"], "Parents": ["Cestode"]}
,{"Name": "Rhabdomyolysis", "Synonyms": ["Striated muscle infarction", "Muscle breakdown"], "Causes": ["Contusion", "Fall in elderly", "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Heatstroke", "Hypothermia", "Ecstasy", "Cocaine", "Sympathomimetic", "Malignant hyperpyrexia", "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor", "Viral necrotising myositis", "Status epilepticus", "Electrocution", "Hypokalaemia", "Hypophosphataemia", "Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Glycogen storage disorder type V"], "Effects": ["Hyperkalaemia", "Myoglobinuria", "Raised creatine kinase", "Myalgia", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Hypocalcaemia", "High alanine aminotransferase", "Compartment syndrome", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous bicarbonate"]}
,{"Name": "Slow-relaxing reflex", "Synonyms": ["Slow relaxing reflex"], "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism", "Myotonia"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"]}
,{"Name": "Large blind spot", "Causes": ["Papilloedema"], "Parents": ["Visual field loss"]}
,{"Name": "Haematological procedure", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Children": ["Plasmapheresis"]}
,{"Name": "High testosterone", "Synonyms": ["Raised testosterone", "Elevated testosterone"], "Causes": ["Aminoglutethimide", "Androgen resistance", "Polycystic ovary syndrome"], "Effects": ["Anovulatory cycle"], "Parents": ["Sex hormone imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Strychnine toxicity", "Effects": ["Tetany"], "Parents": ["Drug toxicity"]}
,{"Name": "Adenomyosis", "Parents": ["Ectopic endometrium"]}
,{"Name": "Bitot spot", "Synonyms": ["Bitost spot", "Bit\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt spot"], "Causes": ["Vitamin A deficiency"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Triangular conjunctival spot\""]}
,{"Name": "Diastolic rise on standing", "Causes": ["Essential hypertension"], "Parents": ["Blood pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Bartholin's gland abscess", "Effects": ["Vulval irritation", "Vulval pain"], "Parents": ["Pyogenic abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-Jo antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-Histidyl-t-RNA synthetase"], "Effects": ["Dermatomyositis", "Polymyositis", "Trachonychia"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Platelet sequestration", "Causes": ["Splenomegaly", "Hypersplenism"], "Effects": ["Thrombocytopenia"], "Description": ["\"normally sequesters 30% of all platelets\nenlarged spleen may sequester 90%\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyperoxaluria", "Synonyms": ["High urinary oxalate"], "Causes": ["Oxalate", "Bile salt malabsorption", "Spinach", "Rhubarb", "Chocolate", "Tea"], "Effects": ["Calcium oxalate stone"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Description": ["\"Rx calcium carbonate\""]}
,{"Name": "Suxamethonium", "Synonyms": ["Succinylcholine"], "Causes": ["General anaesthetic"], "Effects": ["Malignant hyperpyrexia"], "Parents": ["Depolarising blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Focal cerebral neurological sign", "Synonyms": ["Focal cortical neurological sign", "Cerebral localising neurological sign"], "Causes": ["Transient ischaemic attack", "Cerebral lesion", "Todd paresis", "Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "Cerebral arteriovenous malformation", "Encephalocele"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Upper motor neurone lesion", "Neglect syndrome", "Balint syndrome", "Gerstmann syndrome", "Aphasia", "Dysgraphia", "Dyscalculia", "Left-right disorientation", "Finger agnosia", "Anomia", "Alexia", "Prosopagnosia", "Agrammatism", "Agnosia", "Circumlocution", "Lower pitch perception", "Utilisation behaviour", "Oculomotor apraxia", "Simultanagnosia", "Optic ataxia", "Hemisensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Valsalva manoevure", "Synonyms": ["Exhalation with closed glottis"], "Causes": ["Straining at stool"], "Effects": ["Paradoxical embolus", "Laryngocoele", "Subconjunctival haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Manoeuvre"], "Treats": ["Supraventricular tachycardia", "Hiccup"], "Description": ["\"forced expiration against a closed glottis.\n\nincreases intraocular pressure and the risk of retinal detachment.\n\nUses:\n1) to arrest episodes of supraventricular tachycardia.\n2) to diagnose heart abnormalities", "especially when used in conjunction with echocardiogram.\n    e.g.it increases the intensity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmurs", "but decreases the intensity \n    of  most other murmurs.\n3) Aid in al diagnosis of problems  in the nerves of the cervical spine.  It increases intraspinal pressure .    Neuropathies or radicular pain may be felt or exacerbated. \n4) In diving", "the Valsalva maneuver is often used on descent to equalise the pressure in the middle ear\n    to the ambient pressure.\""]}
,{"Name": "Delusional perception", "Synonyms": ["Primary delusion", "Autochthonous delusion"], "Parents": ["Delusion", "Schneider first rank criterion"]}
,{"Name": "Smear cells", "Synonyms": ["Smudge cell"], "Causes": ["Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\"Fraglie lymphocytes damaged by slide preparation\""]}
,{"Name": "Pet dander", "Effects": ["Childhood asthma"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Post-ictal state", "Causes": ["Generalised seizure"], "Effects": ["Delirium"]}
,{"Name": "Shrinking lung", "Causes": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Effects": ["Restrictive pulmonary disease"]}
,{"Name": "Myeloproliferative disorder", "Synonyms": ["Myeloid neoplasm", "Chronic myeloproliferative syndrome", "MPD"], "Effects": ["Splenomegaly", "High plasma urate", "Basophilia"], "Parents": ["Haematological malignancy"], "Children": ["Chronic myeloid leukaemia", "Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Essential thrombocythaemia", "Myelofibrosis", "Systemic mastocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Self-mutilation", "Synonyms": ["Self-harm"], "Causes": ["Fragile X syndrome", "Lesch Nyhan syndrome"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Mesalazine", "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia"], "Parents": ["5-aminosalicylic acid"], "Treats": ["Ulcerative colitis"]}
,{"Name": "Monosomy X", "Effects": ["Turner syndrome"], "Parents": ["Chromosomal abnormalities"], "Description": ["\"absence of an entire sex chromosome", "the Barr body.\""]}
,{"Name": "Incomplete abortion", "Parents": ["Miscarriage"], "Description": ["\"Incomplete evacuation of products of conception\n\nIf bleeding profuse", "pain", "gestation>13/40\nERPC indicated = evacuation of retain products of conception.\""]}
,{"Name": "Alpha haemolytic streptococcus", "Synonyms": ["Partially haemolytic streptococcus", "Green haemolytic streptococcus", "?-haemolytic streptococcus"], "Parents": ["Streptococcus"], "Children": ["Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Viridans streptococci", "Streptococcus mitior"]}
,{"Name": "Anergia", "Synonyms": ["Lack of energy"], "Causes": ["Depression"]}
,{"Name": "Tyramine", "Causes": ["Cheese", "Wine"], "Effects": ["Cheese effect"], "Parents": ["Sympathomimetic"]}
,{"Name": "Perforated tympanic membrane", "Causes": ["Acute otitis media", "Chronic suppurative otitis media"]}
,{"Name": "Hormonal change in pregnancy", "Causes": ["Pregnancy"], "Effects": ["High oestriol", "High progesterone", "High human placental lactogen", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Low thyroid stimulating hormone", "High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Cholestasis of pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "Semantic dementia", "Effects": ["Anomia", "Agnosia", "Dysgraphia", "Prosopagnosia", "Circumlocution"], "Parents": ["Frontotemporal dementia"], "Description": ["\"Fluent\""]}
,{"Name": "Auscultatory sign", "Synonyms": ["Stethoscope sign"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Auscultatory heart sign", "Auscultatory lung sign", "Auscultatory abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Central nervous system lymphoma", "Causes": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Brain tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Hemithyroidectomy", "Parents": ["Thyroidectomy"], "Treatments": ["Thyroid adenoma"]}
,{"Name": "Chest sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Increased tactile vocal fremitus", "Loss of cardiac dullness", "Low lying liver", "Gynaecomastia", "Breast atrophy", "Ghon focus", "Ghon Complex", "Redcurrant jelly sputum"]}
,{"Name": "Basophilic stippling", "Causes": ["Lead poisoning", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Beta thalassaemia major", "Pyrimidine-5-nucleotidase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\"Erythrocytes with blue dots representing condensed cytoplasmic RNA\""]}
,{"Name": "Thought repetition", "Parents": ["Auditory hallucination"]}
,{"Name": "Heberden node", "Synonyms": ["Distal interphalangeal joint swelling"], "Causes": ["Osteoarthritis"], "Effects": ["Hand nodule"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Description": ["\"Swelling at base of distal phalanx\""]}
,{"Name": "Aortic aneurysm repair", "Synonyms": ["Repair of aortic aneurysm", "AAA repair"], "Parents": ["Vascular surgery"], "Treats": ["Abdominal aortic aneurysm", "Aortic dissection"], "Description": ["\"Elective: mortality 10%\nEmergency: mortality 90%\""]}
,{"Name": "Good syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Good's syndrome", "Immunodeficiency with thymoma"], "Causes": ["Thymoma"], "Effects": ["Defective B-cell function"], "Description": ["\"Onset 40-70 yrs\""]}
,{"Name": "Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Synonyms": ["C-S vasculitis", "Churg Strauss syndrome", "Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis", "EGPA"], "Effects": ["Rhinitis", "Asthma", "Eosinophilia", "Transient bilateral lung shadowing", "Positive p-ANCA", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Nail-fold vasculitis", "Nasal polyp"], "Parents": ["Primary vasculitis"], "Description": ["\"Systemic skin", "nerve & lung granulomata\""]}
,{"Name": "Low fibrinogen", "Causes": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Parents": ["Haematological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Azithromycin", "Parents": ["Macrolide"], "Treats": ["Chancroid", "Typhoid fever", "Venereal disease", "Gonorrhoea", "Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Chlamydia trachomatis infection", "Trachoma", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Campylobacter jejuni", "Zoonosis", "Lyme disease"]}
,{"Name": "Helicobacter pylori", "Synonyms": ["H. pylori", "H pylori"], "Effects": ["Peptic ulcer", "Menetrier disease", "Urease breath test positive", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Gastrointestinal lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus", "Anaerobe"], "Treatments": ["Clarithromycin", "Amoxycillin", "Proton pump inhibitor"], "Description": ["\"6-fold risk of gastric Ca\n15% lifetime risk of peptic ulcer\nPresent in 80% DU and 60% of PU\""]}
,{"Name": "Cocaine", "Synonyms": ["Crack"], "Effects": ["Dilated pupil", "Coronary vasospasm", "Abruptio placentae", "Sinus tachycardia", "Psychoactive substance use", "Hyperthermia", "Conjunctival injection", "Rhabdomyolysis"], "Parents": ["Abused drug", "Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor", "Local anaesthetic", "Teratogenic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Spinal fifth nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["Loss of facial temperature and pain sensation"], "Causes": ["Lateral medullary syndrome"], "Parents": ["Trigeminal neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal flame-shaped haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Malignant hypertension"], "Parents": ["Hypertensive retinopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Hairy leukoplakia", "Synonyms": ["Oral hairy leukoplakia", "OHL"], "Causes": ["Epstein Barr virus", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Lymphopaenia"], "Effects": ["White oral plaque"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"], "Description": ["\"Caused by EBV superinfection.\nHarbinger of progression to AIDS\""]}
,{"Name": "Macular oedema", "Causes": ["Retinal vein occlusion"], "Effects": ["Desaturation", "Central scotoma"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Ulrich muscular dystrophy", "Parents": ["Congenital muscular dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Elevated liver enzymes", "Causes": ["Hepatitis", "Chronic liver disease", "Liver failure", "HELLP syndrome"], "Parents": ["Deranged liver function test"], "Children": ["High alanine aminotransferase", "High liver dehydrogenase", "High aspartate aminotransferase"]}
,{"Name": "Trigger for viral infection", "Causes": ["Immunosuppression"], "Effects": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Herpes zoster", "Cold sore"]}
,{"Name": "Benign exostosis", "Causes": ["Gardener's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Ascitic lymphocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Lymphocytes in ascites", "Lymphocytes in ascitic fluid"], "Causes": ["Peritoneal metastasis", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis"], "Parents": ["Ascitic tap"]}
,{"Name": "Sciatic nerve palsy", "Effects": ["Foot drop", "Below knee sensory loss"], "Parents": ["Mononeuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Stiff man syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Moersch-Woltmann syndrome"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune neurological disease"]}
,{"Name": "Gardener's syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Gardener syndrome", "Gardner syndrome"], "Causes": ["APC gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Colonic polyp", "Malignant transformation", "Carcinoma of thyroid", "Osteoma skull", "Fibroma", "Desmoid tumours", "Benign exostosis", "Epidermal cysts", "Teratoma", "Leiomyoma", "Neurofibroma", "Retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy", "Lipoma"], "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"APC gene located in chromosome 5q21\""]}
,{"Name": "Facial myoclonus", "Causes": ["Whipple's disease"], "Parents": ["Myoclonus"]}
,{"Name": "Elevated very low density lipoprotein", "Synonyms": ["Elevated VLDL"], "Causes": ["Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Caraway", "Synonyms": ["Caraway seed", "Caraway fruit"], "Parents": ["Carminative"]}
,{"Name": "Maculopapular rash", "Synonyms": ["Rash in patches and spots"], "Causes": ["Rickettsia", "HIV seroconversion illness", "Dengue fever", "Still disease"], "Parents": ["Rash"], "Children": ["Exanthemous rash"]}
,{"Name": "Tic borne viral disease", "Causes": ["Colorado tick fever", "Tic borne meningoencephalitis"], "Parents": ["Tic-borne disease"]}
,{"Name": "Sensory ataxia", "Synonyms": ["Deafferentation ataxia", "Proprioceptive ataxia"], "Causes": ["Spinocerebellar ataxia", "Dorsal column lesion", "Large fibre neuropathy"], "Effects": ["Broad-based gait"], "Parents": ["Ataxia"]}
,{"Name": "Leopard skin spotting", "Causes": ["Pseudoxanthoma elasticum"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"], "Description": ["\"Yellowish mottling of posterior pole temporal to macula\""]}
,{"Name": "Iliac artery aneurysm", "Causes": ["Angiographic procedure"], "Effects": ["Groin swelling"], "Parents": ["Aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Laser therapy", "Treats": ["Acne rosacea", "Port wine stain", "Proliferative retinopathy", "Telangiectasia", "Cervical cancer", "Retinoblastoma"]}
,{"Name": "Feeding problems", "Causes": ["Velocardiofacial syndrome", "Cleft palate"]}
,{"Name": "Familial mediterranean fever", "Synonyms": ["FMF"], "Causes": ["Mediterranean origin"], "Effects": ["Serositis", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Migratory polyarthritis"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Infectious encephalitis", "Synonyms": ["Infectious encephalopathy"], "Causes": ["Herpes simplex virus", "Herpes simplex in immunocompromised", "Mumps", "Rubella", "Epstein Barr virus", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Toxoplasmosis", "Viral meningitis", "HIV encephalitis", "Eastern equine encephalitis", "St.Louis encephalitis", "Rabies", "Typhoid fever", "Dengue fever", "Tic-borne typhus", "Japanese encephalitis", "Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "Kuru", "Psittacosis", "West Nile fever", "Listerosis", "Rat-bite fever", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Tic-borne encephalitis"], "Effects": ["Seizure"], "Parents": ["Encephalitis", "Encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["NRTI"], "Effects": ["Steatosis", "Acute pancreatitis", "Hereditary lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Anti-retroviral agent"], "Children": ["Azidothymidine", "Stavudine", "Lamivudine", "Didanosine", "Zalcitabine"]}
,{"Name": "Pinta", "Effects": ["Positive VDRL"], "Parents": ["Treponemal infection"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased oncotic pressure", "Causes": ["Hypoalbuminaemia"], "Effects": ["Oedema", "Ascites", "Transudate pleural effusion", "Pulmonary oedema"]}
,{"Name": "Brun nystagmus", "Synonyms": ["Brun's nystagmus", "Dissociated nystagmus", "Ataxic nystagmus"], "Causes": ["Internuclear ophthalmoplegia"], "Parents": ["Nystagmus"], "Description": ["\"Irregular nystagmus in abducting eye\""]}
,{"Name": "Ileocaecal carcinoma", "Effects": ["Abdominal mass", "Diarrhoea"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Episiotomy", "Effects": ["Stress incontinence", "Colo-vaginal fistula"], "Parents": ["Obstetric procedure"]}
,{"Name": "Dental filling", "Effects": ["Oral trauma"]}
,{"Name": "Familial hyperekplexia", "Synonyms": ["GLRA1 mutation", "Glycine receptor mutation"], "Parents": ["Myoclonus", "Channelopathy"], "Description": ["\"Fast inhibition in spinal cord and brainstem\""]}
,{"Name": "Swimmers' itch", "Causes": ["Schistosomiasis"], "Parents": ["Pruritus"]}
,{"Name": "Sabin polio vaccine", "Parents": ["Live vaccine"]}
,{"Name": "Heliotrope rash", "Causes": ["Dermatomyositis"], "Parents": ["Facial erythema"], "Description": ["\"Neck (V-shaped)", "shoulders (shawl sign)", "elbows", "knees", "malleoli\""]}
,{"Name": "Inducible nitric oxide synthase", "Synonyms": ["i-NOS", "iNOS"], "Causes": ["Nuclear factor kB", "Interleukin-1"], "Effects": ["Peripheral vasodilatation"]}
,{"Name": "Loss of light touch", "Synonyms": ["Loss of fine touch", "Fine touch deficit"], "Causes": ["Dorsal column lesion"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Traction of hair", "Effects": ["Non-scarring alopecia"]}
,{"Name": "Halitosis", "Synonyms": ["Bad breath", "Smelly breath"], "Causes": ["Bronchiectasis", "Sinusitis", "Nasal polyp", "Periodontitis", "Scurvy", "Zenker diverticulum"], "Parents": ["Breath smell"]}
,{"Name": "Natalizumab", "Parents": ["Monoclonal antibody"], "Treats": ["Multiple sclerosis"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy", "Causes": ["Gardener's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous anthrax", "Effects": ["Pruritic papules", "Cutaneous ulcer", "Eschar"], "Parents": ["Anthrax"], "Treatments": ["Doxycycline"]}
,{"Name": "Increased H ion production", "Causes": ["Lactate acidosis", "Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Raised pyruvate"], "Effects": ["Metabolic acidosis", "Negative anion gap"]}
,{"Name": "Brown-Sequard syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Brown-S\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdquard syndrome"], "Effects": ["Contralesional spinothalamic deficit"], "Parents": ["Myelopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Captopril", "Effects": ["Proteinuria", "Drug rash", "Altered sensation of taste", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease"], "Parents": ["Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Cystinuria"]}
,{"Name": "Quiet heart sounds", "Synonyms": ["Muffled heart", "Soft heart sounds"], "Causes": ["Beck's triad"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Caput succedanum", "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"], "Description": ["\"subcutaneous", "fluid collection with poorly defined margins.\n\ncaused by  pressure of the scalp against the dilating cervix \n(tourniquet effect of the cervix) \""]}
,{"Name": "Vesico-vaginal fistula", "Causes": ["Hysterectomy", "Pelvic irradiation", "Dystocia"], "Parents": ["Urinary fistula"], "Description": ["\"Prolonged labor:\nProlonged labor presses fetus tightly against pelvis- Ischaemic necrosis.\nComnest cause of VVF in developing countries.\n\nMajority of VVFs in developed countries are due to gynecological surgery. \n\nTreatment:\nlaparoscopic VVF repair -  high success rate", "low rate of complications\""]}
,{"Name": "Raised thyroid stimulating hormone", "Synonyms": ["High TSH", "Raised TSH", "Elevated TSH", "High thyrotrophin"], "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism", "Amiodarone", "Lithium"], "Effects": ["Precocious puberty"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Ochronotic arthritis", "Causes": ["Alkaptonuria triad"]}
,{"Name": "Leser-Trelat sign", "Synonyms": ["Leser-Tr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdlat sign"], "Causes": ["Adenocarcinoma of lung", "Colorectal carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Seborrhoeic keratosis"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Description": ["\"Sudden appearance of multiple seborrhoeic keratoses\""]}
,{"Name": "Localised lymphadenopathy", "Causes": ["Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Lymphadenopathy"], "Children": ["Cervical lymphadenopathy", "Hilar lymphadenopathy", "Enlarged tonsil", "Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Early onset dementia", "Synonyms": ["Cognitive decline"], "Causes": ["Huntington disease", "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Hallevorden-Spatz disease", "Normal pressure hydrocephalus", "Lafora body disease", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Aspartylglucosaminuria", "Whipple's disease"], "Effects": ["Behavioural change"], "Parents": ["Dementia"]}
,{"Name": "Cleft lip", "Effects": ["Cosmetic disfigurement"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Diastema", "Synonyms": ["Increased interdental space", "Widely spaced teeth", "Wide-spaced teeth"], "Causes": ["Acromegaly", "Angelman syndrome", "Pachydermoperiostosis", "Williams syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Enterocutaneous fitsula", "Causes": ["Surgery for inflammatory bowel disease", "Surgery for intestinal adhesions", "Surgery for intestinal cancer"], "Effects": ["Total parenteral nutrition"], "Parents": ["Abdominal fistula"], "Treatments": ["Total parenteral nutrition"], "Description": ["\"Predisposing factors:\n-Sepsis\n-Malnutrition\n-Anastamotic breakdown\n-Iatrogenic eneterotomy\n \nCarry a significant mortality rate of 5-20%.\n\nClassification:\n-Low-output fistula (< 200mL/day)", "-Moderate-output fistula (200-500mL/day)\n-High-output fistula (>500mL/day)\n\nA high-output fistula increases the possibility of malnutrition.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Progestogen", "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Hormone"], "Treats": ["Endometriosis", "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding"]}
,{"Name": "Genetic disease", "Synonyms": ["Genetic disorder", "Inherited disorder", "Heritable disorder", "Hereditable disorder", "Hereditary disorder"], "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Karyotypic abnormality", "Mitochondrial chromosome disorder", "Triplet repeat disease", "Mutation", "Autosomal dominant disorder", "Autosomal recessive disorder", "X-linked recessive disorder", "X-linked dominant disorder", "Polygenic inheritance", "Polymorphism", "Hereditary neoplasia", "Genetic collagen disease"], "Description": ["\"Risk of defective genes increases with woman's age.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Expressive aphasia", "Synonyms": ["Expressive dysphasia"], "Causes": ["Progressive nonfluent aphasia", "Aura"], "Effects": ["Mutism"], "Parents": ["Aphasia"]}
,{"Name": "Disorientation", "Parents": ["Cognitive disturbance"], "Children": ["Disorientation in time", "Disorientation in place", "Disorientation in person"]}
,{"Name": "Nail trauma", "Effects": ["Onychogryphosis"], "Parents": ["Trauma"]}
,{"Name": "Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis", "Effects": ["Crohn's disease"], "Parents": ["Mycobacterial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Dysphonia", "Synonyms": ["Difficulty in phonation"], "Causes": ["Vagus palsy", "Muscle weakness", "Jugular foramen syndrome", "Vocal cord palsy"], "Parents": ["Oral symptom", "Speech sign"], "Children": ["Hoarse voice", "Deep voice", "Nasal speech"], "Description": ["\"Problem with speech volume", "but normal articulation and normal language.\""]}
,{"Name": "Bladder diverticulum", "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Venous guttering", "Synonyms": ["Empty veins"], "Causes": ["Limb ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Vascular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Antinuclear antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-nuclear antibody", "ANA"], "Causes": ["Drug-induced lupus"], "Effects": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Sjogren syndrome", "Morphoea", "Type I chronic active hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Sluggish pupillary reflex", "Synonyms": ["Pupillary areflexia"], "Causes": ["Autonomic neuropathy", "Parinaud syndrome", "Holmes-Adie pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma of thyroid", "Synonyms": ["Thyroid cancer", "Thyroid carcinoma"], "Causes": ["Obesity", "Gardener's syndrome", "Cowden disease"], "Effects": ["Bone metastasis", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion", "Mass that moves with deglutition"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma"], "Children": ["Papillary thyroid cancer", "Follicular thyroid cancer", "Medullary thyroid cancer", "Anaplastic thyroid cancer", "Thyroid lymphoma"], "Description": ["\"5% of thyroid cancers\n\nSpread:\nLocal infiltration - trachea", "oesophagus\nBlood spread\nLymphatic spread\n\nNot hormone responsive\n\nPrognosis: dead within 12 months.\""]}
,{"Name": "Distorted body image", "Causes": ["Anorexia nervosa", "Bulimia nervosa"]}
,{"Name": "Phimosis", "Parents": ["Genital examination sign"]}
,{"Name": "Photophobia", "Causes": ["Migraine", "Meningism", "Anterior uveitis", "Albinism", "Rickettsia", "Uveitis", "Interstitial keratitis", "Superficial keratitis", "Ocular hereditary cystinosis", "Fievre boutonneuse", "Q-fever"], "Parents": ["Ocular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Orf", "Synonyms": ["contagious pustular dermatitis", "scabby mouth", "infectious labial dermatitis", "ecthyma contagiosum", "thistle disease"], "Effects": ["Pustule", "Paronychia", "Erythema multiforme", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome"], "Parents": ["Zoonosis", "Pox virus"], "Description": ["\"Infection  by a parapox virus occurring  in sheep and goats.\nNo specific treatment is necessary .\nUsually clears up by itself in about 6 weeks.\""]}
,{"Name": "Lymphadenitis", "Causes": ["Wucheria bancrofti", "Bubonic plague"], "Effects": ["Neck pain"]}
,{"Name": "Nail-fold infarct", "Synonyms": ["Nail fold infarct", "Periungual infarct"], "Causes": ["Nail-fold vasculitis", "Raynaud phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Nail sign", "Peripheral infarct"]}
,{"Name": "Delayed relaxation of ankle jerk", "Synonyms": ["Prolonged deep tendon reflexes", "Woltman sign", "Delayed reflexes"], "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism"], "Parents": ["Hyporeflexia"]}
,{"Name": "Donald duck speech", "Causes": ["Pseudobulbar palsy"], "Parents": ["Speech sign"]}
,{"Name": "Semont manoeuvre", "Parents": ["Manoeuvre"], "Treats": ["Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo"], "Description": ["\"To treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.\""]}
,{"Name": "Dressler syndrome", "Causes": ["Myocardial infarction"], "Effects": ["Pericarditis", "Fever"], "Description": ["\"10 days post MI\""]}
,{"Name": "Dermatomyositis", "Causes": ["Anti-Jo antibody", "Carcinoma of breast", "Bronchial carcinoma", "Gynaecological cancer", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Testicular tumour", "Mixed connective tissue disease", "Anti-PM/Scl antibody", "Renal cell carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Myositis", "Cryptogenic organising pneumonia", "Ectopic calcification", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Gottron papules", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Erythema multiforme", "Nail-fold telangiectasia", "Migratory polyarthritis", "Heliotrope rash", "Photosensitivity"], "Parents": ["Collagen vascular disease"], "Treatments": ["Methotrexate", "Azathioprine", "Intravenous immunoglobulin", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Onset weeks to months\nAssociated with internal malignancy in 40% of cases over 60\""]}
,{"Name": "Uhtoff phenomenon", "Causes": ["Multiple sclerosis"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"], "Description": ["\"Worsening vision with rise in body temperature\""]}
,{"Name": "Oculocutaneous albinism", "Synonyms": ["Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome"], "Causes": ["HPS1 gene mutation", "Hermanski-Pudlak syndrome"], "Effects": ["Albinism"], "Description": ["\"11q14.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Podophyllotoxin", "Synonyms": ["Podofilox"], "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Human papilloma virus", "Molluscum contagiosum"]}
,{"Name": "Mast cell proliferation", "Causes": ["Interleukin-9", "Interleukin-3"]}
,{"Name": "Phenobarbitone", "Synonyms": ["Phenobarbital"], "Effects": ["Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid"], "Parents": ["Barbiturate"]}
,{"Name": "Biguanide", "Parents": ["Oral hypoglycaemic"], "Children": ["Metformin"]}
,{"Name": "Viridans streptococci", "Synonyms": ["Streptococcus mutans"], "Effects": ["Optochin resistance", "Bacterial endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Alpha haemolytic streptococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Silica", "Effects": ["Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Inhalation of silica"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Trigeminal neuralgia", "Causes": ["Multiple sclerosis", "Basilar artery aneurysm", "Acoustic neuroma", "Trotter's triad"], "Effects": ["Facial pain", "Tic doloureux"], "Treatments": ["Carbamazepine"], "Description": ["\"mandibular and maxillary division of trigeminal\nlast seconds\""]}
,{"Name": "Webbed neck", "Causes": ["Turner syndrome", "Trisomy 22"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Alpha-mannosidosis", "Synonyms": ["Alpha-mannosidase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Abnormal white cell enzyme"], "Parents": ["Glycoproteinosis"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-tuberculous agent", "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Children": ["Rifampicin", "Isoniazid", "Pyrazinamide", "Ethambutol", "Rifabutin", "Capreomycin"]}
,{"Name": "Malignancy", "Synonyms": ["Cancer", "Malignant tumour", "Malignant neoplasia"], "Causes": ["Carcinogen", "Irradiation", "Malignant transformation"], "Effects": ["Constitutional symptom", "Metastasis", "Disseminated cancer", "Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Thrombocytosis", "Organic mood disorder", "Sterile inflammation", "Fever", "Fever of unknown origin", "Weight loss", "Anaemia of chronic disease"], "Parents": ["Tumour"], "Children": ["Carcinoma", "Sarcoma", "Haematological malignancy", "Intra-abdominal malignancy", "Gynaecological cancer", "Ear nose and throat neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Class IV antiarrhythmic drug", "Effects": ["Atrioventricular block", "Shortened cardiac action potential duration", "Negative inotropic effect"], "Parents": ["Antiarrhythmic drug"], "Children": ["Verapamil", "Diltiazem"]}
,{"Name": "Otosclerosis", "Effects": ["Conductive deafness"]}
,{"Name": "Obstetric sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Fetal tachycardia", "Absent fetal heart sounds", "Meconium stained liquor", "Low APGAR score"], "Description": ["\"Childbirth\""]}
,{"Name": "Congenital head malformation", "Synonyms": ["Congenital skull malformation", "Cranial deformity"], "Parents": ["Observation sign", "Head and neck malformation"], "Children": ["Microcephaly", "Macrocephaly", "Brachycephaly", "Dolichocephaly", "Acrocephaly", "Plagiocephaly", "Anencephaly", "Craniosynostosis", "Craniofacial syndromes"]}
,{"Name": "Phocomelia", "Causes": ["Cornelia de Lange syndrome", "Thalidomide"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous ulcer", "Causes": ["Bulla", "Cutaneous anthrax", "Tularemia"], "Parents": ["Erythema"]}
,{"Name": "Burn", "Causes": ["Irradiation"], "Effects": ["Thermal injury", "Dehydration", "Necrosis", "Hypoalbuminaemia", "Marjolin ulcer", "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Total parenteral nutrition", "Soft tissue injury", "Acquired cataract", "Oral trauma"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Human albumin solution", "Total parenteral nutrition"]}
,{"Name": "Darier's sign", "Causes": ["Urticaria pigmentosa"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Description": ["\"Urticaria on trauma", "rubbing", "or heat\""]}
,{"Name": "Mass that moves with deglutition", "Synonyms": ["Mass that rises on swallowing"], "Causes": ["Goitre", "Carcinoma of thyroid"]}
,{"Name": "Group D streptococcus", "Synonyms": ["Enterococcus", "Strep faecalis", "Streptococcus faecalis"], "Effects": ["Necrotising fasciitis"], "Parents": ["Beta haemolytic streptococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Internuclear ophthalmoplegia", "Synonyms": ["INO", "Medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion", "MLF lesion"], "Causes": ["Multiple sclerosis", "Cerebrovascular accident", "Wernicke encephalopathy", "Pontine lesion"], "Effects": ["Brun nystagmus"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign", "Ophthalmoplegia"]}
,{"Name": "Low urea", "Causes": ["Blood change in pregnancy"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Sterile inflammation", "Causes": ["Necrosis", "Immune response", "Collagen vascular disease", "Neurogenic inflammation", "Myositis", "Osteoarthritis", "Haemarthrosis", "Trauma", "Thermal injury", "Chemical injury", "Irradiation", "Malignancy", "Extravasation of urine", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Interleukin-6", "Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome"], "Effects": ["Neutrophilic leukocytosis"], "Parents": ["Inflammatory disease"]}
,{"Name": "Nephro-ureterctomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Transitional cell carcinoma of ureter"]}
,{"Name": "Ginka alkaloid", "Causes": ["Poisonous mushroom"], "Effects": ["Fulminant liver failure"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Tachypnoea", "Synonyms": ["Increased respiratory rate", "Increased RR", "Fast breathing"], "Causes": ["Breathlessness", "Re-feeding syndrome", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis", "Congestive heart failure triad"], "Parents": ["Respiratory sign"]}
,{"Name": "Meropenem", "Parents": ["Very broad spectrum antibiotic"]}
,{"Name": "Purpura", "Causes": ["Thrombocytopenia", "Microvasculitis"], "Parents": ["Rash"], "Children": ["Petechial rash", "Ecchymosis", "Palpable purpura", "Contusion"]}
,{"Name": "Echopraxia", "Causes": ["Gilles de la Tourette syndrome"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Hay fever", "Synonyms": ["Seasonal allergic rhinitis", "Hayfever"], "Causes": ["Pollen"], "Effects": ["Chemosis", "Eye discharge"], "Parents": ["Allergic rhinitis"], "Treatments": ["Antihistamine", "Desensitization", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"The link with hay came about due to an early (and incorrect) theory\n that the symptoms were brought about by the smell of new hay\""]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma Tongue", "Parents": ["Carcinoma"], "Treatments": ["Brachytherapy"]}
,{"Name": "Haemofiltration", "Synonyms": ["Continuous venovenous haemofiltration", "CVVH"], "Parents": ["Renal procedure"]}
,{"Name": "Brain metastasis", "Synonyms": ["Brain mets", "Cerebral metastasis"], "Effects": ["Intracranial space occupying lesion"], "Parents": ["Metastasis"]}
,{"Name": "High protein diet", "Synonyms": ["Eating meat", "Meat ingestion", "High protein intake"], "Effects": ["Uraemia"], "Parents": ["Diet", "Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Choriocarcinoma", "Synonyms": ["Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia"], "Causes": ["Hydatidiform mole", "Miscarriage", "Ectopic pregnancy"], "Effects": ["High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Gynaecomastia"], "Parents": ["Gestational trophoblastic disease", "Testicular tumour", "Germ cell ovarian tumour"], "Treatments": ["Methotrexate", "Etoposide", "Hysterectomy"], "Description": ["\"Trophoblastic cancer of the placenta\n\n50%  develop on a hydatiform mole\n20% with prevoius ectopic /spontaneous abortion\n\nPrognosis\nAt diagnosis 90%  have lung metastases!\nWith chemotherapy- 80% 5-year survival. \nPrognosis poor with  liver and brain metastases\n\nChoriocarcinoma also occur de novo in the testicle & ovary\""]}
,{"Name": "Ochner test positive", "Synonyms": ["Impaired flexion of proximal interphalangeal joint"], "Causes": ["Median neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"Clasping hands causes protrusion of affected index finger\""]}
,{"Name": "Paratracheal lymphadenopathy", "Causes": ["Post-primary tuberculosis", "Sarcoidosis", "Lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign", "Lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Fluctuating conscious level", "Synonyms": ["Decreased conscious level", "Intermittent drowsiness"], "Causes": ["Subdural haematoma", "Extradural haemorrhage", "Hepatic encephalopathy", "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome"], "Parents": ["Drowsiness"]}
,{"Name": "Thoracic surgery", "Effects": ["Haemothorax", "Chylothorax", "Mediastinitis"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Cardiac surgery", "Pneumonectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Salivary gland tumours", "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat neoplasm"], "Children": ["Parotid pleiomorphic adenoma", "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid", "Warthin tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Atrophic skin", "Synonyms": ["Skin atrophy", "Cutaneous atrophy"], "Causes": ["Limb ischaemia", "Sensory loss", "Cushing syndrome", "Corticosteroid", "Irradiation", "Poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare", "Old age"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Aortic aneurysm", "Causes": ["Hypertension", "Atherosclerosis", "Coronary artery disease", "Peripheral vascular disease", "Marfan syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Copper deficiency", "Cystic medial necrosis"], "Effects": ["Abdominal arterial bruit", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Aortic dissection", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Kasabach-Merritt syndrome"], "Parents": ["Aneurysm"], "Children": ["Ascending aortic aneurysm", "Abdominal aortic aneurysm"], "Treatments": ["Antihypertensive drug", "Endovascular repair"]}
,{"Name": "Stokes-Adams attack", "Synonyms": ["Transient arrhythmia", "Self-terminating arrhythmia"], "Causes": ["Ventricular tachycardia", "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Sick sinus syndrome"], "Effects": ["Sudden fall in blood pressure", "Palpitation"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal microaneurysm", "Causes": ["Coats disease", "Diabetic retinopathy"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Gluten-free diet", "Parents": ["Diet"], "Treats": ["Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Coeliac disease"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchoconstriction", "Synonyms": ["Bronchospasm"], "Causes": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "High endothelin-1", "Adenosine", "Platelet activating factor", "Carcinoid tumour", "Anaphylaxis", "Oesophagitis", "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency"], "Effects": ["Asthma", "Chest tightness"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous anergy", "Causes": ["Hodgkin lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Drug toxic to lung", "Causes": ["Bleomycin", "Methotrexate", "Cyclophosphamide", "Amphotericin B", "Colchicine", "Gold", "Kerosene", "Paraquat", "Sulphasalazine", "Diamorphine"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary microvascular injury"]}
,{"Name": "Examination sign", "Parents": ["Sign"], "Children": ["Skin signs on examination", "Breath smell", "Ocular sign", "Neck sign", "Hand sign", "Nail sign", "Pulse sign", "Blood pressure sign", "Precordial sign", "Chest sign", "Auscultatory sign", "Respiratory sign", "Abdominal sign", "Genital examination sign", "Neurological sign", "Fundoscopy sign", "Vascular sign", "Paediatric sign", "Obstetric sign", "Psychiatric sign", "Joint sign", "Foot sign", "Gait", "Xanthoma", "Lymphadenopathy", "Hyperthermia"]}
,{"Name": "Tertiary hyperparathyroidism", "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure", "Kidney transplant", "Osteomalacia"], "Effects": ["Excess parathyroid hormone"], "Parents": ["Hyperparathyroidism"], "Treatments": ["Cinacalcet", "Parathyroidectomy"], "Description": ["\"CAUSE:\nAutonomous parathyroid activity and hypercalcaemia occur following prolonged \nsecondary hyperparathyroidism.\nThe set point at which serum calcium shuts off PTH production is raised.\n\nMost commonly seen in patients undergoing renal dialysis\n\n\nTREATMENT:\nMedical:\nCinacalcet increases  sensitivity of calcium receptors on parathyroid cells to reduce \nparathyroid hormone (PTH) levels .\n95% response rate.\n\nSurgical:\nParathyroidectomy.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Naloxone", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Treats": ["Primary biliary cirrhosis"]}
,{"Name": "Biliary cirrhosis", "Effects": ["Chronic liver disease"], "Parents": ["Cirrhosis"], "Children": ["Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Secondary biliary cirrhosis"]}
,{"Name": "Autosplenectomy", "Causes": ["Splenic infarction"], "Parents": ["Splenectomy"], "Description": ["\"Seen in sickle cell disease\""]}
,{"Name": "Myotonia", "Synonyms": ["Impaired muscle relaxation"], "Causes": ["Myotonic dystrophy", "Myotonia congenita", "Hoffman syndrome", "Hypothermia", "Albinism and Neurolgical deficit", "Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Slow-relaxing reflex"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Raised gamma glutaryl transferase", "Synonyms": ["Raised gamma-GT", "Raised GGT", "High GGT", "Raised ?GT", "High gamma GT"], "Causes": ["Alcoholic hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Deranged liver function test"]}
,{"Name": "Drugs that increase effect of warfarin", "Parents": ["Drugs influencing anticoagulant therapy"], "Children": ["P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Chloral hydrate", "Cephalosporin", "Ticlopidine"]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial lymphocytic meningitis", "Causes": ["Partially treated bacterial meningitis", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Listeria monocytogenes", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Brucellosis", "Spirochaete infection", "Secondary syphilis"], "Parents": ["Aseptic meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Primary testicular failure", "Causes": ["Klinefelter syndrome", "Mumps", "Testicular torsion", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Cystic fibrosis"], "Effects": ["Low testosterone", "Azoospermia"], "Parents": ["Hypogonadism"], "Description": ["\"Conflicting evidence on cause of  hypogonadism in sickle cell disease.  \n? primary testicular failure or? secondary pituitary/hypothalamic dysfunction \""]}
,{"Name": "Bipolar disorder", "Synonyms": ["Manic depression", "Manic depressive illness", "Manic-depressive illness", "Manic depressive disorder"], "Causes": ["Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Mania", "Depression"], "Parents": ["Affective disorder"], "Treatments": ["Valproate", "Mood stabiliser", "Tamoxifen"], "Description": ["\"1% prevalence\n1% lifetime incidence\nonset <30yrs\n\ngo from very happy", "\"up", "\" and active to very sad and \"down", "\" and inactive", "and then back again\n\nHhaving periods of depression", "and periods of mania.\""]}
,{"Name": "Delayed near reflex", "Causes": ["Holmes-Adie pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"], "Description": ["\"Delayed constriction in response to convergence and re-dilatation afterwards\""]}
,{"Name": "Foot pain", "Causes": ["Corn", "Bunion", "Plantar fascitis", "Heel spur", "Morton' neuroma", "Sprained ligaments", "Stress fracture", "Achilles tendonitis", "Gout", "Rheumatoid arthritis"], "Parents": ["Pain"]}
,{"Name": "Calcitonin gene-related peptide", "Synonyms": ["CGRP"], "Parents": ["Vasodilator"]}
,{"Name": "Guanethidine", "Parents": ["Noradrenaline blocker"], "Description": ["\"Inhibits noradrenaline release\""]}
,{"Name": "General anaesthetic", "Synonyms": ["Endotracheal intubation", "Intubation and ventilation"], "Causes": ["Surgery"], "Effects": ["Aspiration pneumonia", "Acute hypoxia", "Laryngospasm", "Peripheral vasodilatation", "Pneumothorax", "Suxamethonium", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Burst suppression"], "Parents": ["Procedure", "Drug", "Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Halothane", "Isofluorane", "Propofol", "Etomidate"]}
,{"Name": "Blastomycosis", "Effects": ["Erythema nodosum"], "Parents": ["Fungal infection"]}
,{"Name": "Adrenalectomy", "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Treats": ["Cushing syndrome", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Conn syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Squamous cell carcinoma of lung", "Synonyms": ["SCC of lung", "Epidermoid carcinoma of lung", "Squamous cell lung cancer"], "Causes": ["Male gender"], "Effects": ["Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy", "Cavitating lung lesion", "Bazex syndrome"], "Parents": ["Bronchial carcinoma", "Squamous cell tumour"], "Treatments": ["Pneumonectomy", "Cisplatin"], "Description": ["\" 25-40% of bronchial carcinoma \n5 yr survival =15%\n\nLocated centrally", "in larger bronchi \nlinked more strongly with smoking than other lung cancers. \n\nDue to their location", "are found earlier than other lung cancers.\n\nSCC more often associated with: \n -Pancoasts \n -Horners\n -Hypercalcemia\n \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyperphagia", "Synonyms": ["Increased appetite"], "Causes": ["Hypothalamic syndrome", "Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome", "Prader-Willi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign", "Appetite disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Albinism", "Synonyms": ["Albino phenotype", "Tyrosinase deficiency"], "Causes": ["Oculocutaneous albinism", "Ocular albinism", "Chediak-Higashi syndrome", "Griscelli syndrome", "Elejalde syndrome", "Albinism and Neurolgical deficit"], "Effects": ["Amelanosis", "Nystagmus", "Photophobia", "Squamous cell skin cancer", "Congenital strabismus"], "Parents": ["Congenital skin disease", "Autosomal recessive disorder", "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Synonyms": ["EDS"], "Causes": ["COL1A1  gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Joint hypermobility", "Cigarette-paper thin skin", "Fragile blood vessel", "Blue sclera", "Posterior vitreous detachment", "Mitral valve prolapse", "Aortic aneurysm", "Dislocation of lens", "Angioid streak", "Inguinal hernia", "Myopia", "Fish-mouth ulcer", "Pseudotumour under scar", "Aortic dissection", "Achalasia cardia", "Gorlin sign", "Posterior scalloping", "Lop ears"], "Parents": ["Genetic collagen disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder", "Congenital skin disease"], "Children": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IV", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome VI", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX"]}
,{"Name": "Macrocephaly", "Causes": ["Bannayan-Zonana syndrome", "Alexander disease", "Canavan disease"], "Parents": ["Congenital head malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Dental abscess", "Synonyms": ["Peridontal abscess", "Tooth infection"], "Effects": ["Vincent angina", "Ludwig angina", "Earache", "Fever of unknown origin"], "Parents": ["Dentures", "Pyogenic abscess"], "Treatments": ["Dental procedure"]}
,{"Name": "Micrognathia", "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome", "Turner syndrome", "Treacher Collins syndrome", "DiGeorge syndrome", "Cri-du-chat syndrome", "Edward's syndrome", "Cat eye syndrome", "Pierre Robin syndrome", "Russell-Silver syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Urinary diversion", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Detrusor instability"]}
,{"Name": "Oppenheim sign", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Stroking along shin from knee to ankle causes upgoing hallux\""]}
,{"Name": "Ruptured ovarian cyst", "Causes": ["Ovarian cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Epidermal cysts", "Causes": ["Gardener's syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hand nodule"], "Parents": ["Cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Prolymphocytosis", "Causes": ["Prolymphocytic transformation"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "5-HT3 antagonist", "Parents": ["Antiemetic", "Serotonin antagonist"], "Children": ["Ondansetron", "Granisetron"], "Treats": ["Irritable bowel syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Colorado tick fever", "Causes": ["Tic bite"], "Effects": ["Tic borne viral disease"]}
,{"Name": "Stamping gait", "Causes": ["Dorsal column lesion", "Glove and stocking sensory loss", "Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gait"]}
,{"Name": "Crescentic nephritis", "Synonyms": ["Crescenteric nephritis"], "Causes": ["Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis"], "Effects": ["Subepithelial humps"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Redcurrant jelly sputum", "Causes": ["Klebsiella"], "Parents": ["Chest sign"]}
,{"Name": "Status asthmaticus", "Synonyms": ["Severe asthma attack", "Acute severe asthma"], "Causes": ["Asthma"], "Effects": ["Pulsus paradoxux", "Silent chest"], "Treatments": ["Salbutamol", "Magnesium", "Theophylline"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphoedema", "Causes": ["Turner syndrome", "Hypocalcaemia", "Pseudohypoparathyroidism", "Wucheria bancrofti"], "Effects": ["Leg ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "P450 enzyme inducer", "Synonyms": ["Liver enzyme inducing drug", "Enzyme inducing drug", "Microsomal enzyme-inducing drug"], "Parents": ["Drug that decreases effect of warfarin", "Drug metabolised by P450 enzymes"], "Children": ["Rifampicin", "Carbamazepine", "Barbiturate", "Griseofulvin", "Phenytoin", "Alcohol", "Cigarette smoking", "Sulphonylurea"]}
,{"Name": "Oral symptom", "Synonyms": ["Mouth symptom"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Xerostomia", "Drooling", "Oral ulcer", "Jaw claudication", "Altered sensation of taste", "Dysphonia", "Metallic taste"]}
,{"Name": "Raised amyloid A protein", "Synonyms": ["AA amyloidosis"], "Causes": ["Secondary amyloidosis", "Elevated serum acute phase proteins"], "Parents": ["Systemic amyloidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Varicocele", "Causes": ["Valvular incompetence", "Renal cell carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Infertility", "Scrotal swelling", "Groin pain"], "Treats": ["Embolisation"], "Description": ["\"Dilated", "tortuous veins in scrotum.\n\n'Bag of worms' on examination\n\nPresentation:\nDragging pain on standing for long\nInfertility.\nLeft varicocele- suspect left renal carcinoma\n\nTreat only if pain or infertility is a problem.\n\nTreatment:\nSurgery\nEmbolisation\""]}
,{"Name": "Fencing stance", "Causes": ["Lesch Nyhan syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Antidepressant", "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea", "Night sweats", "Malaise"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric drug", "Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Monoamine oxidase inhibitor", "Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor", "Catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Toxic neuropathy", "Synonyms": ["Drug-induced neuropathy", "Drug neuropathy", "Drug-related neuropathy", "Drug induced neuropathy"], "Causes": ["Alcohol", "Lead poisoning", "Phenytoin", "Vincristine", "Isoniazid", "Stavudine", "Zalcitabine", "Arsenic", "Thallium", "Germanium", "Mercury"], "Effects": ["Peripheral neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Pacemaker", "Effects": ["Cannon waves", "Septal damage", "Pneumothorax", "Right-sided bacterial endocarditis", "Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Device"], "Children": ["Right ventricular pacing"], "Treats": ["Sick sinus syndrome", "Mobitz type II heart block"]}
,{"Name": "Lepromatous leprosy", "Synonyms": ["Lepromatous disease"], "Effects": ["Erythema nodosum", "Saddle nose", "Caseating granuloma", "Leonine facies", "Lateral eyebrow hair loss"], "Parents": ["Leprosy"]}
,{"Name": "Early diastolic murmur", "Causes": ["Aortic regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Diastolic murmur"]}
,{"Name": "Glibenclamide", "Parents": ["Sulphonylurea"]}
,{"Name": "Mucopolysaccharidosis", "Synonyms": ["MPS"], "Effects": ["Raised urinary glycosaminoglycan", "Dwarfism", "Congenital skeletal dysplasia", "Narrowing of joint space", "Compression of peripheral nerve", "Corneal clouding", "Mixed aortic valve disease", "Mental retardation", "Hydrocephalus"], "Parents": ["Lysosomal storage disorder"], "Children": ["Hurler syndrome", "Hunter syndrome", "Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome", "Hurler-Scheie syndrome", "Sanfilippo syndrome", "Morquio syndrome", "Sly syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Lacking enzyme to break down glycosaminoglycans(GAG)\nGAG = long  chain carbohydrates involved in connective tissue building.\""]}
,{"Name": "Chronic plaque psoriasis", "Parents": ["Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Dusky palmar macules", "Causes": ["Secondary syphilis"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Septicaemia", "Synonyms": ["Sepsis", "Bacteraemia", "Blood poisoning", "Systemic infection"], "Causes": ["Neutropenia"], "Effects": ["Peripheral vasodilatation", "Sinus tachycardia", "Microvasculitis", "Diffuse pulmonary infection", "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Leukoerythroblastosis", "Raised troponin", "Maternal Risk", "Hypoalbuminaemia", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia", "Petechial rash", "Hyperthermia"], "Children": ["Gram negative sepsis", "Gram positive sepsis", "Meningococcal septicaemia"], "Treatments": ["Methylene blue", "Human albumin solution", "Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Periorbital oedema", "Causes": ["Nephrotic syndrome", "Hypothyroidism", "Dacryocystitis", "Trichinellosis"], "Parents": ["Oedema", "Cardiovascular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Obstructive jaundice", "Causes": ["Common bile duct obstruction"], "Parents": ["Jaundice"], "Description": ["\"Post hepatic jaundice\""]}
,{"Name": "Trimethadione", "Effects": ["Frontal bossing"], "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug"], "Description": ["\"anticonvulsant\""]}
,{"Name": "Hereditory sensory and motor neuropathy", "Effects": ["Congenital peripheral neuropathy"], "Children": ["Riley-Day syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Normal pressure hydrocephalus", "Synonyms": ["Normal-pressure hydrocephalus", "NPH"], "Effects": ["Urinary incontinence", "Gait apraxia", "Early onset dementia", "Fall in elderly", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Magnetic gait"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Description": ["\"Insidious progressive decline.\nUnknown aetiology.\nDifficult to diagnose.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Venesection", "Synonyms": ["Blood letting", "Therapeutic phlebotomy"], "Parents": ["Medical treatment"], "Treats": ["Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Haemochromatosis", "Sickle cell crisis"]}
,{"Name": "Osteoma", "Effects": ["Sclerosis of bone"], "Parents": ["Bone tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Aural irrigation", "Parents": ["ENT procedure"], "Treats": ["Chronic suppurative otitis media", "Chronic mastoiditis"]}
,{"Name": "Phantom limb pain", "Effects": ["Arm pain"], "Parents": ["Referred pain"], "Description": ["\"80% of amputees experience  pains where the limb used to be.\nPainful sensations referred to the absent limb.\""]}
,{"Name": "Panacinar emphysema", "Causes": ["Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency"], "Parents": ["Emphysema"]}
,{"Name": "Heart failure", "Synonyms": ["Cardiac failure", "HF"], "Causes": ["Supraventricular tachycardia", "Cardiac tamponade", "Cardiomyopathy", "Chronic constrictive pericarditis", "Dilated cardiomyopathy", "Myocardial infarction", "Third degree atrioventricular block"], "Effects": ["Sinus tachycardia", "Fluid overload", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Ischaemia", "Shock", "High endothelin-1", "Terry's nail", "Raised troponin", "Hepatojugular reflux", "Maternal Risk", "Malaise", "Congestive heart failure triad"], "Parents": ["Heart disease"], "Children": ["Left ventricular failure", "Right ventricular failure", "Congestive cardiac failure", "High-output cardiac failure", "Fetal heart failure"], "Treatments": ["Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor", "Angiotensin blocker", "Bisoprolol", "Carvedilol", "Metoprolol", "Spironolactone"], "Description": ["\"Rx ACEi", "ARB", "beta blocker (bisoprolol", "carvedilol", "metoprolol or nebivolol)", "and spironolactone all improve outcome.\""]}
,{"Name": "Ergometrine", "Parents": ["Ergot alkaloid", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Description": ["\"Used to prevent PPH\""]}
,{"Name": "Dysgerminoma", "Effects": ["High human chorionic gonadotrophin"], "Parents": ["Germ cell ovarian tumour"], "Description": ["\"Female equivalent of  Seminoma\""]}
,{"Name": "Chromosome 5 mutation", "Effects": ["Cri-du-chat syndrome"], "Parents": ["Chromosome mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Valvular heart disease", "Synonyms": ["Valve disease", "Valvular pathology"], "Causes": ["Infective endocarditis", "Rheumatic fever", "Adult polycystic kidney disease"], "Effects": ["Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Heart disease"], "Children": ["Mitral stenosis", "Mitral regurgitation", "Mitral valve prolapse", "Aortic stenosis", "Aortic sclerosis", "Aortic regurgitation", "Pulmonary stenosis", "Pulmonary regurgitation", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Tricuspid stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Disorder of keratinsation", "Synonyms": ["Keratinisation abnormality"], "Parents": ["Dermatological disease"], "Children": ["Callus", "Corn", "Lichen planus", "Lichen sclerosus", "Ichthyosis", "Keratosis pilaris", "Darier disease", "Tylosis", "Leukoplakia"]}
,{"Name": "Bone deformity", "Causes": ["Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Fanconi syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Caisson disease", "Synonyms": ["Decompression sickness", "DCS", "The bends"], "Causes": ["Diving"], "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Arthralgia", "Delirium", "Avascular necrosis"], "Treatments": ["Hyperbaric oxygen therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary microvascular injury", "Synonyms": ["Damaged pulmonary microvasculature", "Hyaline membrane disease"], "Causes": ["Diffuse pulmonary infection", "Aspiration pneumonia", "Inhaled irritant", "Lung trauma", "Drug toxic to lung", "Irradiation", "Atypical pneumonia"], "Effects": ["Increased alveolar capillary permeability", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Basal lung fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Plethoric face", "Synonyms": ["Facial plethora"], "Causes": ["Alcoholism", "Cushing syndrome", "Cor pulmonale", "Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Carcinoid tumour"], "Parents": ["Face sign", "Skin colour"]}
,{"Name": "Isolation", "Synonyms": ["Solitary confinement"], "Treats": ["Neutropenia", "Lymphopaenia"]}
,{"Name": "Trans-urethral resection of bladder tumour", "Synonyms": ["TURBT"], "Effects": ["Bladder perforation"], "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Non invasive transitional cell carcinoma of bladder"]}
,{"Name": "Endometriosis", "Effects": ["Deep dyspareunia", "Dysmenorrhoea", "Ectopic pregnancy", "Endometriotic ovarian cyst", "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Acute abdominal pain", "Chronic abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Ectopic endometrium", "Gynaecological disease"], "Treatments": ["Progestogen", "Danazol", "Gonadotropin analogue"], "Description": ["\"PATHOLOGY\nEctopic endometrium in pelvis\nThis reacts to the menstrual cycle each month. \nCcauses inflammation", "pain and formation of scar tissue\n\nPRESENTATION:\n - Pelvic pain\n - Dyspareunia\n\nTREATMENT\nA. Hormonal\n    \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd The combined oral contraceptive pill. .\n    \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd a levonorgestrel-releasing(progeststogen) intrauterine system \n    \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd GnRH analogues- create artifical menopause \n    \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd progestogens -  (to shrink endometrial tissue)\n    \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd antiprogestogens -Danazol (cause artificial menopause)\n\n  Progestogens and antiprogestogens = more  side effects.\n\nB. Surgery:\n   1) Laparoscopic removal of endometriosis\n   2)Hysterctomy and salpingo-oophorectomy\""]}
,{"Name": "Coronary artery ectasia", "Causes": ["Kawasaki disease"]}
,{"Name": "Lassa fever", "Causes": ["Arenavirus"], "Effects": ["Viral haemorrhagic shock"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperprolinaemia", "Causes": ["Alport syndrome"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Centripetal fat distribution", "Causes": ["Cushing syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "MTHFR gene mutation", "Effects": ["Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"locus 1p36.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Shallow orbit", "Causes": ["Craniosynostosis"]}
,{"Name": "Venogram", "Parents": ["Angiographic procedure"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperpigmentation", "Synonyms": ["Increased skin pigmentation", "Hyperpigmented skin"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"], "Children": ["Cafe au lait patch", "Axillary freckling", "Hyperpigmented maculae on lips", "Hyperpigmented palmar creases", "Onchocercomatosis", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"]}
,{"Name": "Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity", "Causes": ["PRPS1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["High plasma urate"], "Parents": ["X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"characterized by the overproduction and accumulation of uric acid.\nneurological and developmental abomalies.\""]}
,{"Name": "Acute myeloid leukaemia", "Synonyms": ["AML", "Acute myelogenous leukemia"], "Causes": ["Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Philadelphia chromosome", "Fanconi anaemia"], "Effects": ["Neoplastic coagulation factors", "Pancytopaenia", "Auer rods", "Sweet disease"], "Parents": ["Myeloid leukaemia", "Acute leukaemia", "Childhood malignancy"], "Children": ["Acute promyelocytic leukaemia", "Acute myeloblastic leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Chlamydial infection", "Synonyms": ["Chlamydia"], "Effects": ["Invisibility on gram stain", "Giemsa stain positive", "Culture-negative endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Obligate intracellular prokaryote"], "Children": ["Chlamydia trachomatis infection", "Chlamydis psittaci infection", "Chlamydia pneumoniae", "Chlamydial veneral infection"], "Description": ["\"Bacteria that are obligate intracellular parasites. \nMost common bacterial sexually transmitted diseases.\nLeading cause of infectious blindness worldwide.\""]}
,{"Name": "Myoclonic epilepsy", "Effects": ["Myoclonus"]}
,{"Name": "Retained dead fetus", "Causes": ["Fetal death"], "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "Toxocara canis", "Effects": ["Eosinophilic pneumonia", "Ocular granuloma"], "Parents": ["Toxocara"]}
,{"Name": "Hypomania", "Effects": ["Elation"], "Parents": ["Affective disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Palmar xanthoma", "Synonyms": ["Palmar crease xanthoma"], "Causes": ["Dysbetalipopriteinaemia"], "Parents": ["Xanthoma", "Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Electrical shock", "Synonyms": ["DC shock", "DC electrical shock"], "Causes": ["Lightning strike"], "Effects": ["Ventricular arrhythmia", "Acquired cataract", "Thermal injury"], "Parents": ["Cardioversion"], "Children": ["Electrical cardioversion", "Defibrillation"]}
,{"Name": "Supernumerary teeth", "Synonyms": ["Extra teeth"], "Causes": ["Cranio-cleido dysostosis"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Paranasal sinus tumour", "Effects": ["Nasal discharge", "Nasal obstruction", "Epistaxis", "Facial asymmetry", "Leontiasis ossea"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Orthopaedic sign", "Children": ["Limitation of all joint movement"]}
,{"Name": "Fatigue", "Synonyms": ["Lethargy", "Tiredness", "Anergia", "Lack of energy"], "Causes": ["Interleukin-6", "Depression", "Hypothyroidism", "Hypercalcaemia", "Anaemia", "Polymyalgia rheumatica", "Myasthenia gravis", "Left ventricular failure", "Right ventricular failure", "Mitral regurgitation", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Haemochromatosis", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Temporal arteritis", "Takayasu arteritis", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Sick sinus syndrome", "Hepatitis B", "Haemodialysis"], "Parents": ["Constitutional symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Synonyms": ["SVT", "Reentrant tachycardia", "Re-entrant tachycardia"], "Causes": ["Caffeine", "Digoxin toxicity", "Alcohol", "Exercise", "Myocardial infarction", "Myocarditis", "Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome", "Infiltrative cardiomyopathy"], "Effects": ["Palpitation", "Angina pectoris", "Breathlessness", "Heart failure", "Stokes-Adams attack"], "Parents": ["Atrial tachycardia"], "Children": ["Junctional tachycardia"], "Treatments": ["Adenosine", "Electrical cardioversion", "Chemical cardioversion", "Valsalva manoevure"]}
,{"Name": "Haemophilia B", "Synonyms": ["Christmas disease", "Factor IX deficiency"], "Causes": ["F9 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Congenital coagulation defect", "Chondrocalcinosis"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "X-linked recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"sex linked recessive\""]}
,{"Name": "Haemophilia A", "Synonyms": ["Factor VIII deficiency"], "Causes": ["F8 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Congenital coagulation defect", "Chondrocalcinosis"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder", "Congenital haematological disorder"], "Treatments": ["Desmopressin"], "Description": ["\"sex linked recessive\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Alpha adrenoceptor blocker", "Synonyms": ["Alpha blocker", "?-blocker"], "Effects": ["Postural hypotension"], "Parents": ["Adrenoceptor drug", "Urological drug"], "Children": ["Alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker", "Phenoxybenzamine", "Phentolamine", "Ergotamine", "Ketanserin", "Tricyclic antidepressant"], "Treats": ["Raynaud phenomenon"]}
,{"Name": "Furuncle", "Synonyms": ["Boil", "Hair follicle infection", "Folliculitis"], "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus"], "Effects": ["Cutaneous abscess"], "Children": ["Furuncle of external ear", "Stye"]}
,{"Name": "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Synonyms": ["Invasive TCC of urinary tract"], "Effects": ["Haematuria", "Dysuria", "Urinary frequency", "Urinary urgency", "Ureteric obstruction", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Lung metastasis"], "Parents": ["Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder"], "Treatments": ["Radical Cystectomy", "Radiotherapy", "Cisplatin"], "Description": ["\"Invasive tumors are either:\r\n - Solid nodular lesions \r\n - Ulcerative\r\n\r\nTREATMENT\r\nA. Radical cystectomy followed by one of the foll:\r\n    a) Urostomy\r\n    b) Bladder reconstruction (Neo bladder)\r\n    c) Continet urinary diversion\r\n\r\nB. Radiotherapy if \r\n    a) not fit for surgery\r\n    b) Inoperable tumor\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Reserpine", "Synonyms": ["Rauwolfia extract"], "Effects": ["Depression", "Gynaecomastia", "Hyperprolactinaemia"], "Parents": ["Noradrenaline blocker"], "Description": ["\"Prevents noradrenaline vesicle transport\""]}
,{"Name": "Zolpidem", "Parents": ["Benzodiazepine"]}
,{"Name": "Ward-Romano syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Long QT syndrome", "Hereditory prolonged Q-T interval", "Romano-Ward syndrome"], "Effects": ["Prolonged QT interval"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Channelopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Ganglion", "Effects": ["Hand nodule"]}
,{"Name": "Anovulatory cycle", "Causes": ["Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis malfunction", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Post menopause", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Hypothyroidism", "Neuroleptic drug", "Valproate", "High testosterone"], "Effects": ["Dysfunctional uterine bleeding", "Endometrial hyperplasia", "Infertility"]}
,{"Name": "Perthe disease", "Synonyms": ["Perthes disease", "Perth\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd disease", "Perthe disease of the hip", "Legg-Calve-Perthe disease"], "Effects": ["Avascular necrosis"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"], "Treats": ["Hip replacement"]}
,{"Name": "Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis", "Effects": ["Oligoclonal bands in CSF"]}
,{"Name": "DDC gene mutation", "Effects": ["Aromatic acid decarboxylase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 7p12.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Obligate intracellular prokaryote", "Parents": ["Bacterial infection"], "Children": ["Chlamydial infection", "Rickettsia", "Bartonella", "Legionella", "Mycoplasmal infection"]}
,{"Name": "Genetic collagen disease", "Synonyms": ["Collagenopathy", "Hereditary connective tissue disease", "Congenital collagen disorder"], "Effects": ["Mitral regurgitation", "Sick sinus syndrome", "Spontaneous intracranial hypotension"], "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Children": ["Marfan syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Alport syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Threatened abortion", "Parents": ["Miscarriage"], "Treatments": ["Dilatation and Curettage", "Vasopressin analogue", "Prostacyclin"], "Description": ["\"Cervix closed\n\nMANAGEMENT OF THREATENED ABORTION\n1.Hydration-IV fluids\n2.RhoGAM if mother is Rh negative\n3.Pelvic rest .\n\nThe woman may be sent home if:\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd cervical os is closed. \n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Bleeding is not heavy. \n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Lab results are normal. \n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd US reveals the pregnancy is not tubal.\n\nDilatation and Curettage Indications:\n1.Gestational age 8 to 14 weeks\n2.Excessive intrauterine bleeding (>1 pad/hour) or pain\n3.Prolonged symptoms or delayed passage of tissue\n\nDelivery options for 14-20 weeks gestation\n1.Pitocin\n2.Prostaglandin \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Sex cord tumour", "Parents": ["Ovarian tumour"], "Children": ["Granulosa cell tumour", "Thecoma", "Ovarian fibroma"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired cataract", "Causes": ["Old age", "Diabetes mellitus", "Corticosteroid", "Ophthalmological surgery", "Ultraviolet light", "Electrical shock", "Laser injury", "Anterior uveitis", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Cushing syndrome", "Rickets", "Takayasu arteritis", "Ocular trauma", "Burn"], "Parents": ["Cataract"], "Treatments": ["Phacoemulsification", "Extracapsular extraction of lens", "Intracapsular extraction of lens"], "Description": ["\"Thermal injury cataract  is seen in furnace workers anbd glass blowers.\""]}
,{"Name": "Sly syndrome", "Synonyms": ["MPS type VII", "Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII", "Beta-glucuronidase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Abnormal white cell enzyme"], "Parents": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Groin pain", "Causes": ["Inguinal hernia", "Varicocele", "Epididymitis", "Testicular torsion"], "Parents": ["Pain"]}
,{"Name": "Pityrosporum ovale", "Effects": ["Pityriasis versicolor"], "Parents": ["Yeast"]}
,{"Name": "Silhouette sign", "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"], "Description": ["\"The loss of the normal silhouette of a structure is called the silhouette sign.\nVery important sign.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Class IA antiarrhythmic drug", "Synonyms": ["IA Antiarrhythmics"], "Effects": ["Right bundle branch block", "Prolonged cardiac action potential duration", "Decreased rate of cardiac depolarisation", "Prolonged cardiac refractory period", "Atrioventricular block", "Prolonged QT interval"], "Parents": ["Class I antiarrhythmic drug"], "Children": ["Quinidine", "Procainamide", "Disopyramide"]}
,{"Name": "Bad posture", "Synonyms": ["Postural problem", "Poor posture"], "Effects": ["Kyphosis"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["NNRTI"], "Parents": ["Anti-retroviral agent"], "Children": ["Nevirapine", "Efavirenz"]}
,{"Name": "Palmar pitting", "Causes": ["Darier disease"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Dubin-Johnson syndrome", "Effects": ["Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia", "Black liver", "Hepatocellular jaundice", "Kernicterus"], "Parents": ["Bilurubin metabolism disorder"], "Description": ["\"Benign. Unable to excrete conjugated bilirubin.\""]}
,{"Name": "Dermatological drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Antihistamine", "Corticosteroid", "Topical salicylic acid", "Benzoyl peroxide", "Tacrolimus", "Griseofulvin", "Terbinafine", "Ketoconazole", "Fluconazole", "Dianthrol", "Podophyllotoxin", "Hydroquinone", "Dapsone", "Doxepin", "Actiretin", "Isotretinoin", "Psoralen and ultraviolet-A light", "Thalidomide", "Aminolaevulanic acid", "Hydroxychloroquine", "Methotrexate", "5-fluorouracil", "Mycophenolate mofetil", "Azelaic acid", "Selenium sulfide", "Permethrin", "Benzyl benzoate", "Malathion"], "Treats": ["Discoid lupus erythematosus"]}
,{"Name": "NF2 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Neurofibromatosis II"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 22q12.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary muscular dystrophy", "Effects": ["Proximal myopathy", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Raised creatine kinase"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease", "X-linked recessive disorder", "Congenital muscle disease"], "Children": ["Congenital muscular dystrophy", "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "Becker muscular dystrophy", "Erb's muscular dystrophy", "Emery-Dreyfuss muscular dystrophy", "Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy", "Myotonic dystrophy", "McLeod syndrome", "Levator dystrophy"], "Description": ["\"mutation in the dystrophin gene locus xp21\nLife expectancy 25\""]}
,{"Name": "Diffuse organ infarcts", "Synonyms": ["Diffuse infarction"], "Causes": ["Diffuse organ ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Subcostal recession", "Causes": ["Dyspnoea"]}
,{"Name": "Leptospira infection", "Synonyms": ["Leptospirosis"], "Causes": ["Sewage worker", "Abattoir worker", "Water sport", "Swimming in a lake"], "Parents": ["Spirochaete infection", "Zoonosis"], "Children": ["Weil disease", "Canicola fever"], "Treatments": ["Penicillin", "Doxycycline"], "Description": ["\"Caused by bacteria from the genus Leptospira.\nSpread to humans by contact with soil or water contaminated with the urine of certain wild animals", "including cattle", "pigs", "dogs", "and rats. \""]}
,{"Name": "Acromegaly", "Synonyms": ["Acromegalic habitus"], "Causes": ["Growth hormone-secreting adenoma", "Growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion"], "Effects": ["Gigantism", "Frontal bossing", "Large ears", "Diastema", "Macroglossia", "Prognathism", "Deep voice", "Coarse skin", "Spade hands", "Sweaty palm", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Organomegaly", "Proximal myopathy", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Hypertension", "Impaired glucose tolerance", "Arthralgia", "Kyphosis", "Sweating", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Hirsutism", "Goitre", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Chondrocalcinosis", "Bowed legs", "Rolling gait", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Calcified Pinna", "Posterior scalloping", "Macrognathia", "Hypercalciuria"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"], "Treatments": ["Bromocriptine", "Somatostatin analogue", "Pituitary surgery", "Radiotherapy"], "Description": ["\"High growth hormone.\nBone and soft-tissue overgrowth\n\nIncidence 3 per million per year\nPrevalence 40 per million\n\nDIAGNOSIS\nOral 75g glucose tolerance test fails to suppress GH to below 2 mU/L within 2 hrs\n\nCOMPLICATIONS \n -diabetes mellitus \n -hypertension \n -cardiovascular disease \n\nPROGNOSIS\n - complications reduce lifespan by 10 years\n - mortality rate = 2 times the rate in the general pop.\nCOMPLICATIONS \n -diabetes mellitus \n -hypertension \n -cardiovascular disease \n\nPROGNOSIS\n - complications reduce lifespan 10 years\n - mortality rate = 2 x  general pop.\n - complications reduced with treatment.\n - cure  reverses increased mortality. \n\nRx \ntranssphenoidal surgery", "radiotherapy", "somatostatin analogue\""]}
,{"Name": "Coloboma", "Causes": ["CHARGE syndrome", "Patau syndrome", "Edward's syndrome", "Cat eye syndrome", "Treacher Collins syndrome"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Description": ["\"Greek 'koloboma' = defect\nCongenital key hole shaped defect in the iris/ retina/ choroid/eyelid\""]}
,{"Name": "Impaired bacterial ribosomal function", "Causes": ["Macrolide"]}
,{"Name": "Pelvic irradiation", "Effects": ["Carcinoma of endometrium", "Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder", "Vesico-vaginal fistula", "Colo-vaginal fistula", "Colo-vesical fistula"], "Parents": ["Radiotherapy"], "Treats": ["Cervical cancer", "Uterine cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Seminoma", "Parents": ["Testicular tumour"], "Treatments": ["Radiotherapy", "Cisplatin", "Etoposide", "Bleomycin"], "Description": ["\"painless", "age 15-35", "excellent prognosis\n\n\nPATHOLOGY:\nCut surface like a potato - homogenous\nMicroscopically: sheets of cells with a fibrous stroma.\n\n\nTREATMENT:\nSeminomas are very radiosensitive.\n\nStage I Tumour : inguinal orchidectomy + radiotherapy to ipsilateral abdominal and pelvic nodes.\n\nAll other stages: Chemotherapy -  PEB ( cisplatin", "etoposide and bleomycin)\n\n\nPROGNOSIS\n5-year survival :\n95% with Stage I disease \n85% with Stage 2 disease\""]}
,{"Name": "Idiopathic skin disease", "Parents": ["Dermatological disease"], "Children": ["Acne vulgaris", "Comedone", "Acne rosacea", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Calciphylaxis", "Bowen disease", "Prurigo nodularis"]}
,{"Name": "Pneumatosis coli", "Causes": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"], "Effects": ["Colonic polyp", "Bowel perforation"]}
,{"Name": "Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis", "Effects": ["Progressive myoclonic epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Weil-Felix test positive", "Causes": ["Typhus"], "Description": ["\"Heterophil antibody test\""]}
,{"Name": "Chronic suppurative otitis media", "Causes": ["Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Klebsiella"], "Effects": ["Otorrhoea", "Perforated tympanic membrane", "Conductive deafness", "Chronic mastoidits", "Brain abscess", "Bacterial meningitis"], "Parents": ["Otitis media", "Chronic bacterial infection"], "Treatments": ["Neomycin", "Polymyxin", "Aural irrigation", "Tympanoplasty", "Mastoidectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Oxalate", "Effects": ["Iron malabsorption", "Hyperoxaluria"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased cricosternal distance", "Causes": ["Hyperinflation"], "Parents": ["Neck sign"]}
,{"Name": "Ureterolithotomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Venous refill poor", "Causes": ["Limb ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Vascular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Second degree atrioventricular block", "Synonyms": ["Second degree heart block"], "Effects": ["Bradycardia"], "Parents": ["Atrioventricular block"], "Children": ["Mobitz type I heart block", "Mobitz type II heart block"]}
,{"Name": "Psychoactive substance use", "Causes": ["Alcohol", "Opioid", "Marijuana", "Cocaine", "Volatile solvents", "Sedative drug", "Amphetamine", "Caffeine", "Cigarette smoking", "Intravenous drug abuse"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric disease"]}
,{"Name": "Post-menopausal bleeding", "Synonyms": ["PMB", "Post-menopausal PV bleed"], "Causes": ["Cervical cancer", "Uterine cancer", "Uterine fibroid", "Carcinoma of endometrium"], "Effects": ["Chronic blood loss"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal pain", "Synonyms": ["Abdo pain"], "Causes": ["Intestinal anthrax", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Hypernephroma triad"], "Parents": ["Pain", "Gastrointestinal symptom"], "Children": ["Acute abdominal pain", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Abdominal colic", "Epigastric pain", "Right iliac fossa pain", "Loin pain", "Dysmenorrhoea"]}
,{"Name": "Sudden death", "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Ventricular fibrillation", "Coning of medulla"], "Parents": ["Death"]}
,{"Name": "Epigastric pain", "Causes": ["Peptic ulcer", "Acute pancreatitis", "Cholecystitis", "Biliary colic", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Epigastric hernia", "Hepatitis", "Pre-eclampsia", "HELLP syndrome"], "Parents": ["Abdominal pain"]}
,{"Name": "Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["Anticholineseterase"], "Effects": ["Hyperkalaemia"], "Parents": ["Depolarising blocker"], "Children": ["Neostigmine", "Pyridostigmine", "Donepezil", "Galantamine", "Rivastigmine"], "Treats": ["Myasthenia gravis"]}
,{"Name": "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Synonyms": ["PCO syndrome", "PCOS", "Stein-Leventhal syndrome", "POCD", "Polycystic ovary disease", "Polycystic ovarian syndrome"], "Causes": ["Increased androgen secretion", "Valproate"], "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea", "Hirsutism", "Obesity", "Anovulatory cycle", "Recurrent miscarriage", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Raised luteinising hormone", "High testosterone", "Raised androstenedione", "Low follicle-stimulating hormone", "Endometrial hyperplasia", "Insulin resistance", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Gestational diabetes", "Acne vulgaris", "Coarse hair"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological pathology", "Cyst", "Gynaecological disease"], "Treatments": ["Weight loss", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Gonadotropin analogue", "Clomiphene"]}
,{"Name": "Phlyctenular conjunctivitis", "Synonyms": ["Conjunctival phlycten"], "Causes": ["Primary tuberculosis", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Candida albicans", "Chlamydia trachomatis infection"], "Treatments": ["Topical antibiotic", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Red raised 1-3 mm nodules near limbus\nCaused by hypersensitivity to microbial proteins.\n\nphlyctena", "the Greek word for blister. \n\nClassically associated with M. tuberculosis in developing countries. \nHowever", "Staph aureus is the cause in the United States.\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypersplenism", "Effects": ["Platelet sequestration", "Extravascular haemolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Lacrimal gland enlargement", "Synonyms": ["Lacrimal gland hypertrophy"], "Causes": ["Ocular sarcoidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Glossopharyngeal nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["Ninth cranial nerve palsy", "9th cranial nerve palsy", "IX nerve palsy"], "Causes": ["Jugular foramen syndrome"], "Effects": ["Earache"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Dental enamel defect", "Causes": ["Coeliac disease"]}
,{"Name": "Clindamycin", "Effects": ["Pseudomembranous colitis", "Antibiotic altering bowel flora"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Treats": ["Acne vulgaris", "Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Gardnerella", "Bacterial Vaginosis", "Toxoplasmosis"]}
,{"Name": "Risperidone", "Parents": ["Atypical antipsychotic"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-reticulin antibody", "Synonyms": ["Antireticulin antibody"], "Effects": ["Coeliac disease"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Bicarbonate loss", "Synonyms": ["Hyperchloraemic acidosis", "Normal anion-gap acidosis"], "Causes": ["Ureto-sigmoid anastomosis", "Diarrhoea", "Acetazolamide", "Pancreaticoduodenal fistula", "Proximal renal tubule acidosis"], "Effects": ["Metabolic acidosis", "Low bicarbonate"]}
,{"Name": "Bleeding gums", "Causes": ["Scurvy"]}
,{"Name": "Dribbling", "Causes": ["Bradykinesia", "Bladder outflow obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Subperiosteal haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Scurvy"]}
,{"Name": "Topical antibiotic", "Treats": ["Chalazion", "Phlycten", "Phlyctenular conjunctivitis"]}
,{"Name": "Rubral tremor", "Causes": ["Benedict syndrome", "Claude syndrome", "Midbrain lesion"], "Parents": ["Tremor"]}
,{"Name": "Betel nut", "Effects": ["Carcinoma of oesophagus"]}
,{"Name": "Bordetella pertussis", "Effects": ["Pertussis"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus"]}
,{"Name": "Citrate toxicity", "Causes": ["Blood transfusion", "Potassium citrate"], "Description": ["\"Citrate is the anticoagulant in blood products.  \nHypocalcaemia occurs when citrate binds calcium .\nResult: \n -myocardial depression \n -coagulopathy. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Delayed gastric emptying", "Causes": ["Decreased smooth muscle excitability", "Raised cholecystokinin", "Migraine", "Anxiety"], "Effects": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"]}
,{"Name": "Rubbery lymph nodes", "Synonyms": ["Tacky lymph nodes"], "Causes": ["Lymphoma", "Hodgkin lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Beck sign", "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Abnormal intense pulsation of retina's arteries\""]}
,{"Name": "Dopamine", "Effects": ["Low thyroid stimulating hormone"], "Parents": ["Catecholamine"]}
,{"Name": "Implantable defibrillator", "Synonyms": ["Implantable cardiac defibrillator", "ICD", "Internal defibrillator"], "Effects": ["Defibrillation"], "Parents": ["Device"], "Treats": ["Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Ventricular tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Laceration", "Effects": ["Soft tissue injury"]}
,{"Name": "Olanzepine", "Parents": ["Atypical antipsychotic"]}
,{"Name": "Thunderclap headache", "Causes": ["Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Pituitary apoplexy", "Migraine"], "Parents": ["Headache"]}
,{"Name": "Hartmann procedure", "Synonyms": ["Sigmoid colectomy", "Anterior resection"], "Parents": ["Colectomy"], "Treats": ["Diverticular disease", "Colorectal carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Bartter syndrome", "Causes": ["SLC12A1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Polyuria", "Polydipsia", "Hypokalaemia", "Hypercalciuria", "Hypocalcaemia", "Metabolic alkalosis", "High renin", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Impaired concentrating ability"], "Parents": ["Renal metabolic disorder"], "Treatments": ["Potassium therapy", "Potassium-sparing diuretic"], "Description": ["\"Mutations of genes encoding proteins transporting ions in ascending limb of nephron.\n SLC12A1 gene \n\nDefective reabsorption of sodium", "chloride", "and potassium.\nPrognosis good with early treatment of electrolyte imbalance\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "BRCA2 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Carcinoma of breast", "Ovarian tumour", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Prostate cancer", "Malignant melanoma"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 13q12.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Beclomethasone", "Parents": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Treats": ["Asthma"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphocyte chemotaxis", "Causes": ["Beta-chemokine"], "Parents": ["Immune response"]}
,{"Name": "Herpes gladiatorum", "Causes": ["Herpes simplex virus"], "Description": ["\"\nstrongly associated with contact sports \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd common in wrestlers\""]}
,{"Name": "Micturition myoclonus", "Synonyms": ["Urination myoclonus"], "Parents": ["Propriospinal myoclonus"]}
,{"Name": "Gustatory hallucination", "Parents": ["Hallucination"]}
,{"Name": "Orthopaedic surgery", "Effects": ["Fat embolus", "Compartment syndrome", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Arthroscopy", "Carpal tunnel release", "Meniscectomy", "Internal Fixation", "Arthroplasty", "Knee replacement", "Open reduction", "Joint drainage", "Laminectomy", "Discectomy", "Sequestercetomy"], "Treats": ["Non-union"]}
,{"Name": "Joint drainage", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"], "Treats": ["Septic arthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Fracture", "Causes": ["Crush Injury"], "Effects": ["Bone pain"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology", "Trauma"], "Children": ["Long bone fracture", "Vertebral body fracture", "Base of skull fracture", "Orbital blowout fracture", "Colles fracture", "Clavicle Fracture", "Hip fracture", "Pelvic fracture", "Recurrent fractures", "Pathological fracture", "Looser's zone"]}
,{"Name": "Odynophagia", "Synonyms": ["Painful swallowing", "Pain during deglutition"], "Causes": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Oesophagitis", "Tonsillitis"], "Parents": ["Chest pain"]}
,{"Name": "Wine", "Effects": ["Migraine", "Tyramine"], "Parents": ["Alcohol"]}
,{"Name": "Ruptured oesophageal varices", "Causes": ["Oesophageal varices"], "Effects": ["Upper gastrointestinal bleed"], "Treatments": ["Octreotide", "Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt"], "Description": ["\"Mortality 20%\""]}
,{"Name": "Glue ear", "Causes": ["Eustachian tube dysfunction"], "Effects": ["Earache", "Conductive deafness"], "Parents": ["Otological disease"], "Treatments": ["Tympanosotomy"], "Description": ["\"Middle ear fills with glue-like fluid instead of air; stops ossicle vibrating.\nHigh incidence in Down syndrome.\""]}
,{"Name": "Needlestick injury", "Effects": ["Blood-borne disease", "Hepatitis B", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Penetrating injury"]}
,{"Name": "Lobulated", "Causes": ["Capillary haemangioma", "Parotid pleiomorphic adenoma"]}
,{"Name": "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Synonyms": ["Opiate receptor agonist"], "Causes": ["General anaesthetic"], "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Decreased gut motility", "Constricted pupil", "Apnoea", "Pruritus", "Non-immunological urticaria"], "Parents": ["Analgesic drug", "Narcotic", "Sedative drug", "Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy"], "Children": ["Opiate", "Opioid"], "Treats": ["Acute coronary syndrome", "Pain"]}
,{"Name": "Sinusoidal ECG", "Causes": ["Ventricular tachycardia"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Neck sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Jugular venous pressure sign", "Deviated trachea", "Tracheal tug", "Decreased cricosternal distance", "Carotid pulse sign", "Goitre", "Neck swelling", "Neck distension", "Neck stiffness", "Torticollis", "Lump Superficial to maseter", "Hard consistency of parotid", "Mastoid tenderness"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased resonance", "Synonyms": ["Dull to percussion", "Low percussion note", "Dull percussion note"], "Causes": ["Consolidation", "Atelectasis"], "Parents": ["Percussion sign"]}
,{"Name": "Toxic encephalopathy", "Causes": ["Alcohol", "Solvents", "Glycine", "Hypophosphataemia", "Dopamine receptor antagonist", "GABAantagonist", "Serotonin antagonist", "Carbon monoxide toxicity", "Chromium deficiency", "Bismuth", "Pertussis", "Ifosfamide"], "Parents": ["Encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Post-stenotic widening of aorta", "Synonyms": ["Post-stenotic dilatation of aorta"], "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Diabetic nephropathy", "Synonyms": ["Nodular glomerulosclerosis", "Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Effects": ["Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Chronic renal failure", "Mesangial widening", "Thickened basement membrane", "Renal capillary obliteration", "Diffuse glomerulosclerosis", "Renal arteriosclerosis", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease"], "Description": ["\"40% IDDM develop nephropathy after 40 years\n25% of Type II develop nephropathy after 20 years\n\nClinical triad of hypertension", "proteinuria and impaired renal function\nProgression inevitable\nRx ACEI or AT2RB\""]}
,{"Name": "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Type 2 polyglandular syndrome", "Schmidt syndrome", "Type 2 PAS", "Type II PAS"], "Effects": ["Addison disease", "Hashimoto thyroiditis", "Graves disease", "Type I diabetes mellitus", "Panhypopituitarism", "Hypogonadism", "Myasthenia gravis", "Parkinson's disease", "Coeliac disease", "Pernicious anaemia", "Antiplatelet antibody", "Vitiligo"], "Parents": ["Endocrine autoimmune disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Presents age 40", "incomplete penetrance\""]}
,{"Name": "Bath liquids", "Effects": ["Bacterial Vaginosis"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Muteness", "Synonyms": ["Mute"], "Parents": ["Disconnected thought"]}
,{"Name": "Peyronie's disease", "Effects": ["Dupuytren's contracture", "Superficial dyspareunia"]}
,{"Name": "Multinodular goitre", "Causes": ["McCune Albright syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dysphagia", "Upper airway obstruction", "Stridor", "Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Thyrotoxicosis"], "Parents": ["Goitre"], "Treatments": ["Partial Throidectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Blow to side of head", "Effects": ["Extradural haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Diclofenac", "Parents": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug"], "Treats": ["Gout"]}
,{"Name": "Acrodermatitis", "Causes": ["Zinc deficiency", "Bromide"], "Parents": ["Rash"], "Children": ["Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans"]}
,{"Name": "Promiscuity", "Synonyms": ["Sexual promiscuity"], "Effects": ["Venereal disease", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Bacterial Vaginosis"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Progressive myoclonic epilepsy", "Synonyms": ["PME"], "Causes": ["Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibres", "Unterverricht lundborg disease", "Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy", "Sialidosis", "Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis", "Lafora body disease"]}
,{"Name": "Triangular lunulae", "Synonyms": ["Triangular lunnula"], "Causes": ["Nail-patella syndrome"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased urinary coproporphyrin", "Causes": ["Porphyria"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Riley-Day syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Familial dysautonomia", "Hereditory sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III", "HSAN III"], "Causes": ["Ashkenazi Jew", "IKBKAP gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Autonomic neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Hereditory sensory and motor neuropathy", "Disease due to genetic mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Ergonovine", "Parents": ["Ergot alkaloid"]}
,{"Name": "Lower limb deformity", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic malformations"], "Children": ["Congenital dislocation of hip", "Coxa vara", "Sacral agenesis", "Congenital pelvic malformation", "Talipes", "Genu valgum", "Genu varum", "Hypoplastic patella", "Hypoplastic iliac bones"]}
,{"Name": "Subacute thyroiditis", "Synonyms": ["Granulomatous thyroiditis", "De Quervain thyroiditis"], "Causes": ["Cryoglobulinaemia"], "Effects": ["Neck pain", "Fever", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Hypothyroidism", "Non-caseating granuloma", "Fever of unknown origin"], "Parents": ["Thyroid disease"], "Description": ["\"Neutrophilic infiltrate of thyroid gland\""]}
,{"Name": "Homogentisic aciduria", "Causes": ["Alkaptonuria"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"], "Description": ["\"False positive for glycosuria\""]}
,{"Name": "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis", "Synonyms": ["SBP"], "Causes": ["Ascites"], "Effects": ["Peritonitis", "Ascitic lymphocytosis"], "Parents": ["Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Cough", "Causes": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Chronic bronchitis", "Asthma", "Upper respiratory tract infection", "Primary tuberculosis", "Pulmonary embolus", "Pulmonary infarct", "Blocked bronchus", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Katayama fever", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Oesophagitis", "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency", "Mesothelioma", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"], "Effects": ["Paroxysmal coughing", "Musculoskeletal chest pain"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"], "Children": ["Bovine cough", "Haemoptysis"]}
,{"Name": "Pernicious anaemia", "Synonyms": ["Autoimmune atrophic gastritis", "Addisonian pernicious anaemia"], "Causes": ["Endocrine autoimmune disease", "Anti-parietal cell antibody", "Anti-intrinsic factor antibody", "HLA-DR5", "Type I polyglandular syndrome", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Scandinavian descent"], "Effects": ["Intrinsic factor deficiency", "Achlorhydria", "Bone marrow suppression", "High gastrin level", "Shilling test positive", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Malignant transformation"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune bowel disease"], "Description": ["\"50% have antibodies to intrinsic factor\n5% have adenoCa at diagnosis (threefold incidence)\""]}
,{"Name": "Lipoprotein lipase deficiency", "Effects": ["Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia"], "Parents": ["Type IV hyperlipidaemia"]}
,{"Name": "High endothelin-1", "Causes": ["Heart failure", "Myocardial infarction", "Acute kidney injury", "Asthma", "Pulmonary hypertension"], "Effects": ["Bronchoconstriction", "Increased vascular tone"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Description": ["\"21-amino acid peptide\""]}
,{"Name": "Cholangiocarcinoma", "Causes": ["Clonorchis sinensis", "Pesticide", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Thorotrast"], "Effects": ["Biliary stricture"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of liver", "Intra-abdominal malignancy"], "Description": ["\"10% of liver cancer\""]}
,{"Name": "Conductive deafness", "Synonyms": ["Conductive hearing loss"], "Causes": ["Acute otitis media", "Chronic suppurative otitis media", "Glue ear", "Barotrauma", "Otosclerosis", "Bullous myringitis", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Treacher Collins syndrome", "Craniosynostosis", "Absent ear", "Trotter's triad", "Cleft palate"], "Effects": ["Rinne sign", "Tinnitus"], "Parents": ["Deafness"]}
,{"Name": "PAH gene mutation", "Effects": ["Phenylketonuria"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 12 q22-q24.2.\""]}
,{"Name": "Chronic liver disease", "Synonyms": ["Parenchymal liver disease", "Chronic hepatic disease"], "Causes": ["Alcoholic liver disease", "Hepatitis B", "Hepatitis C", "Non alcoholic fatty liver disease", "Biliary cirrhosis", "Haemochromatosis", "Systemic venous congestion", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Liver metastasis", "Wilson's disease", "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency", "Budd-Chiari syndrome", "Fasciola hepatica", "Schistosomiasis", "Alpers syndrome"], "Effects": ["Cirrhosis", "Portal hypertension", "Hepatocellular jaundice", "Hepatomegaly", "Elevated liver enzymes", "Hypoalbuminaemia", "High oestrogen", "Bleeding disorder", "Liver failure", "Spider naevi", "Palmar erythema", "Telangiectasia", "Fingernail clubbing", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "Weight loss", "Muscle wasting", "Metabolic neuropathy", "Osteoporosis", "Osteomalacia", "Lag storage curve", "Macrocytosis"], "Parents": ["Liver disease"]}
,{"Name": "Listerosis", "Causes": ["Salad"], "Effects": ["Myalgia", "Brain abscess", "Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["Ampicillin"], "Description": ["\"bacterial infection  by Listeria monocytogenes.\nthrough the ingestion of contaminated food .\nListeria has also been reported to colonize the hearts of some patients\""]}
,{"Name": "Romanus lesion", "Causes": ["Ankylosing spondylitis"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"], "Description": ["\"Erosion of upper anterior corner of vertebral body\""]}
,{"Name": "Variable PR interval", "Causes": ["Third degree atrioventricular block", "Mobitz type I heart block"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Epileptic encephalopathy", "Causes": ["Otohara syndrome", "Status epilepticus"], "Effects": ["Cognitive disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Ambiguous genitalia", "Synonyms": ["Hermaphroditic genitalia"], "Causes": ["Testicular feminisation", "True hermaphroditism", "5-alpha-reductase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Raised luteinising hormone"], "Parents": ["Urological Sign"]}
,{"Name": "Quinine", "Effects": ["Cinchonism", "Photosensitivity", "Blindness", "Digoxin toxicity", "Ventricular arrhythmia", "Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Hypoglycaemia", "Ototoxicity", "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Antimalarial drug"], "Treats": ["Plasmodium falciparum"]}
,{"Name": "Bone tumour", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"], "Children": ["Osteoma", "Chondroma", "Haemangioma", "Osteosarcoma", "Osteoclastoma", "Ewing sarcoma", "Chondrosarcoma", "Bone metastasis"]}
,{"Name": "Altitude sickness", "Causes": ["High altitude"], "Treatments": ["Acetazolamide"]}
,{"Name": "Staining of teeth", "Synonyms": ["Stained teeth", "Tooth staining"], "Causes": ["Tetracycline"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic myeloid leukaemia", "Synonyms": ["CML", "Chronic granulocytic leukaemia"], "Causes": ["Philadelphia chromosome"], "Effects": ["Splenic infarction", "Priapism", "Low leucocyte alkaline phosphatase", "Granulocytic bone marrow", "Hypervitaminosis B12", "Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia", "Acute myeloblastic leukaemia", "Promyelocyte"], "Parents": ["Myeloid leukaemia", "Myeloproliferative disorder"], "Treatments": ["Hydroxyurea", "Allogenic bone marrow transplant", "Interferon alpha", "Glivec", "Imatinib"], "Description": ["\"Median survival 4 yrs\nVariable hepatomegaly\n95% Philadelphia\""]}
,{"Name": "CBS gene mutation", "Effects": ["Cystathione beta-synthase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 21q22.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Catatonia", "Causes": ["Schizophrenia", "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Neurological mental disorder", "Psychosis"]}
,{"Name": "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Synonyms": ["RPGN", "Rapidly progressing GN", "Crescentic glomerulonephritis"], "Causes": ["Wegeners granulomatosis", "Lupus nephropathy", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "IgA nephropathy", "Goodpasture syndrome", "Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Post-streptococcal autoimmunity", "Microscopic polyangiitis", "Septicaemia", "Renal infection", "Scarlet fever"], "Effects": ["Urinary red cell casts", "Sterile pyuria", "Crescentic nephritis", "Acute nephritic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Glomerulonephritis"], "Description": ["\"autoimmune eg. immune complex mediated via complement\""]}
,{"Name": "Addison disease", "Synonyms": ["Addison's disease", "Autoimmune adrenalitis"], "Causes": ["HLA-B8", "HLA-DR3", "Endocrine autoimmune disease", "Type I polyglandular syndrome", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Adrenomyeloneuropathy"], "Effects": ["Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Hypotension", "Postural hypotension", "Generalised hyperpigmentation", "Addisonian crisis", "Muscle weakness", "Myalgia", "Weight loss", "Anorexia", "Calcified Pinna", "Type IV renal tubule acidosis", "Eosinophilia"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Hyperpigmentation of areas not exposed to sun.\n-skin creases\n-buccal mucosa\""]}
,{"Name": "Irritant contact dermatitis", "Causes": ["Solvents", "Alkalis", "Surfactants"], "Parents": ["Contact dermatitis"], "Description": ["\"usually within 48 hours of coming into contact with the irritant.\""]}
,{"Name": "Obsession", "Causes": ["Obsessive compulsive disorder"], "Parents": ["Altered thought posession"]}
,{"Name": "Antihistamine", "Synonyms": ["Benadryl"], "Effects": ["Drug fever", "Malaise"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug", "Sedative drug", "Dermatological drug", "Anti-inflammatory drug"], "Children": ["H1-antagonist", "H2-antagonist", "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Phenothiazine", "Non-sedating antihistamine"], "Treats": ["Hay fever", "Cutaneous mastocytosis", "Urticaria", "Angioedema"]}
,{"Name": "Endotracheal intubation", "Effects": ["Laryngitis", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury"], "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Epiglottitis"]}
,{"Name": "Child abuse", "Effects": ["Post-traumatic stress disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Interferon beta", "Parents": ["Cytokine"], "Treats": ["Multiple sclerosis"]}
,{"Name": "Osteomalacia", "Synonyms": ["Osteopenia"], "Causes": ["Hypocalcaemia", "Hypophosphataemia", "Malabsorption state", "Wilson's disease", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Fanconi syndrome", "Proximal renal tubule acidosis", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Gastrectomy", "Chronic liver disease", "Heparin", "Phenytoin", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"], "Effects": ["Recurrent fractures", "Pathological fracture", "Hip fracture", "Vertebral compression fracture", "Waddling gait", "Myopathy", "Looser's zone", "Tertiary hyperparathyroidism", "High alkaline phosphatase", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism"], "Parents": ["Rheumatological pathology", "Metabolic bone disease"], "Description": ["\"Defective bone mineralization due to lack of phosphorus and calcium\""]}
,{"Name": "ABCA12 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Harlequin icthyosis"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 2q34\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Cystitis", "Causes": ["Urinary tract infection", "Irradiation"], "Treatments": ["Potassium citrate"]}
,{"Name": "Saddle anaesthesia", "Synonyms": ["Sensory loss of medial buttock and perianal area"], "Causes": ["Cauda equina syndrome"], "Parents": ["Localised sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Choking", "Causes": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Tinea pedis", "Synonyms": ["Athlete's foot"], "Parents": ["Ringworm infection", "Fungal infections of skin", "Contagious disease"]}
,{"Name": "Acute glaucoma", "Synonyms": ["Closed angle glaucoma"], "Causes": ["Dilating eyedrops", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Sturge-Weber syndrome", "Chinese"], "Effects": ["Acute headache", "Nausea and vomiting", "Clouding of vision", "Scleral eye pain", "Fixed half dilated pupil", "Corneal oedema", "Monocular blindness", "Chemosis"], "Parents": ["Glaucoma"], "Treatments": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Pilocarpine", "Mannitol", "Iridotomy", "Iridectomy", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"An emergency.\nUnilateral.\nTreatment: Intravenous\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypoxic brain injury", "Synonyms": ["Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury", "Hypoperfusion brain injury", "Hypoxic brain damage"], "Causes": ["Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "Shock", "Hypoxic respiratory failure", "Carbon monoxide toxicity", "Near drowning"], "Effects": ["Lance-Adams syndrome", "Hippocampal damage", "Burst suppression"], "Parents": ["Cerebral pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma", "Synonyms": ["Pre-B cell ALL"], "Parents": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"], "Description": ["\"85% of ALL\nWhite 4 year old\nCure rate 70%\""]}
,{"Name": "Near drowning", "Effects": ["Aspiration pneumonia", "Hypothermia", "Hypoxic encephalopathy", "Hypoxic brain injury"]}
,{"Name": "Transthyretin-related familial amyloid polyneuropathy", "Synonyms": ["TTR-FAP"], "Parents": ["Systemic amyloidosis", "Autosomal recessive disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Increased erythropoiesis", "Synonyms": ["Increased haemopoiesis", "Haematopoiesis"], "Causes": ["Haemolytic anaemia", "Granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor", "Raised erythropoietin"], "Effects": ["Bone marrow hyperplasia", "Extramedullary haematopoiesis", "Increased folate requirement"]}
,{"Name": "Impaired deiodination of T4", "Synonyms": ["Impaired peripheral conversion of T4 to T3"], "Causes": ["Severe illness"], "Effects": ["Sick euthyroidism"]}
,{"Name": "Cyanate", "Effects": ["Inhaled irritant"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Cauterisation", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Epistaxis"]}
,{"Name": "Detachment light phenomenon", "Causes": ["Posterior vitreous detachment"], "Description": ["\"Single line or curve\nTemporal\nDim\nEye movements exacerbate\nlast 4 to 12 / 52\""]}
,{"Name": "Chinese", "Effects": ["Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Acute glaucoma"]}
,{"Name": "Bone marrow failure anaemia", "Parents": ["Anaemia of reduced erythropoiesis"], "Children": ["Aplastic anaemia", "Pure red cell aplasia", "Myelophthisic anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Sialidosis", "Synonyms": ["Cherry-red-spot-myoclonus disease", "NEU gene mutation", "Alpha-N-acetyl neuraminidase deficiency", "Sialidase deficiency", "Oligosaccharide deposition disorder"], "Effects": ["Cherry-red spot", "Night blindness", "Nystagmus", "Myoclonus", "Congenital skeletal dysplasia", "Progressive myoclonic epilepsy", "Congenital cataract"], "Parents": ["Mucolipidosis", "Glycoproteinosis"], "Description": ["\"6p21.3\nAlso calssified as glycoproteinosis\""]}
,{"Name": "Dystonia", "Causes": ["Parkinsonism", "Huntington disease", "Tetany", "Chorea", "Primary dystonia", "Metoclopramide", "Dopamine receptor agonist", "Wilson's disease", "Sandifer anomaly", "Torsion dystonia", "Arteriosclerosis of basal ganglia", "Leigh disease", "Lipid storage disorder", "Lesch Nyhan syndrome"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom", "Chorea"], "Children": ["Blepharospasm", "Torticollis", "Paroxysmal kinesogenic dyskinesia", "Paroxysmal non-kinesogenic dyskinesia", "Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia"], "Treatments": ["Tetrabenazine", "Haloperidol", "Thalamotomy"]}
,{"Name": "Low leucocyte alkaline phosphatase", "Synonyms": ["Low leukocyte alk phos", "Low leucocyte ALP"], "Causes": ["Chronic myeloid leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphomatoid papulosis", "Synonyms": ["Cutaneous lymphoid infiltration"], "Causes": ["Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma", "Hodgkin lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Trachoma", "Synonyms": ["Granular conjunctivitis", "Blinding conjunctivitis", "Egyptian opthalmia"], "Causes": ["Chlamydia trachomatis infection"], "Effects": ["Eye discharge", "Palpebral oedema", "Palpebral scarring", "Entropion"], "Treatments": ["Azithromycin"], "Description": ["\"Results in:\n- roughening of inners surface of eyelids.\n- inversion of eyelashes from scarring of eyelid (Trichiasis)\n- consequent abrasion of corneal surface\n- blindness\n\nAffects 80 million worldwide- Africa", "Asia", "South America.\n\nDiagnostic:\nwhite lumps in the undersurface of the upper eyelid (conjunctival follicles or lymphoid germinal centres)\""]}
,{"Name": "Bird fancier's lung", "Synonyms": ["Pigeon fancier's lung", "Bird fanciers' lung", "Pigeon fanciers' lung"], "Parents": ["Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"]}
,{"Name": "Paraesthesia", "Synonyms": ["Parasthesiae", "Tingling", "Pins and needles"], "Causes": ["Lower motor neurone lesion", "Hypocalcaemia", "Topiramate", "Aura", "Compartment syndrome", "Ciguatera"], "Effects": ["Neuropathic pain"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"], "Children": ["Acroparaesthesia"]}
,{"Name": "Pemphigoid gestationis", "Synonyms": ["Herpes gestationis"], "Causes": ["Pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Vesicle"], "Description": ["\"Periumbilical\""]}
,{"Name": "Fusarium", "Effects": ["Keratomycosis"], "Parents": ["Fungal infection"]}
,{"Name": "High liver copper", "Synonyms": ["Rubionic acid staining in liver"], "Causes": ["Wilson's disease", "Primary biliary cirrhosis"], "Parents": ["Liver biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Devic syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Neuromyelitis optica", "NMO"], "Causes": ["Aquaporin-4 antibody"], "Effects": ["Transverse myelitis", "Optic neuritis"], "Parents": ["Multiple sclerosis"], "Treatments": ["Plasmapheresis"]}
,{"Name": "Laser injury", "Effects": ["Acquired cataract"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Virchow's triad", "Causes": ["Endothelial injury", "Hypercoagulable state", "Abnormal blood flow"], "Effects": ["Thrombosis"]}
,{"Name": "Motion sickness", "Synonyms": ["Travel sickness", "Motion sensitivity"], "Causes": ["Migraine"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Inappropriately raised erythropoietin", "Causes": ["Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Cerebellar haemangioma", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Ovarian fibroma", "Kidney transplant", "Phaeochromocytoma"], "Effects": ["Polycythaemia"], "Parents": ["Raised erythropoietin"]}
,{"Name": "Pethidine", "Parents": ["Opioid"]}
,{"Name": "Trochlear nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["Fourth nerve palsy", "IV nerve palsy", "4th nerve palsy"], "Causes": ["Cavernous sinus lesion"], "Effects": ["Disjunct gaze palsy", "Skew deviation", "Bielschowsky test"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Tinel sign", "Synonyms": ["Percussion paraesthesia"], "Causes": ["Carpal tunnel syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Description": ["\"Tapping over median nerve causes paraesthesia\""]}
,{"Name": "Corn", "Causes": ["Improper footware"], "Effects": ["Foot pain"], "Parents": ["Disorder of keratinsation"], "Treatments": ["Keratin removal", "Proper footware", "Topical salicylic acid"], "Description": ["\"A form of callosity on the foot.\nHyperkeratoses on bony prominences.\nA core of hard keratin surrounded by an opalescent margin.\nCause= external pressure.\""]}
,{"Name": "Positive pregnancy test", "Causes": ["High human chorionic gonadotrophin"]}
,{"Name": "Hearing symptom", "Synonyms": ["Auditory symptom", "Audiological symptom", "Altered hearing"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat symptom"], "Children": ["Deafness", "Tinnitus", "Presbycusis"]}
,{"Name": "Morton' neuroma", "Effects": ["Foot pain"]}
,{"Name": "Intradermal naevus", "Parents": ["Benign melanoma"], "Description": ["\"- nevus cells are located in the dermis only.\n  -  raised\n   - flesh-colored (not pigmented).\""]}
,{"Name": "Phaeochromocytoma", "Causes": ["MEN II", "Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Sturge-Weber syndrome", "Neurofibromatosis I", "MEN III", "MEN I"], "Effects": ["Paroxysmal Hypertension", "Sinus tachycardia", "Chronic headache", "Sweating", "Physiological tremor", "Increased vascular tone", "Raised urinary vanillylmandelic acid", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Inappropriately raised erythropoietin", "Hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"], "Treatments": ["Adrenalectomy"], "Description": ["\"catecholamine excess\n10% extra-medullary\n10% malignant\n\nDIAGNOSIS\n24-hour urinary collection for catecholamines and metanephrines\nCT \n\nPREOP PREPARATION:\nTo protect from the effects of excessive catecholamine release", "during surgery\n\n1)  alpha blockade with phenoxybenzamine 7-10 days preop\n   \n2) Initiate a beta blocker only after adequate alpha blockade", "to avoid precipitating a hypertensive crisis from unopposed alpha stimulation.\n \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Small bowel obstruction", "Causes": ["Adhesion", "Bowel hernia", "Intussusception", "Small bowel tumour", "Ileal stricture", "Ascaris lumbricoides"], "Effects": ["Abdominal colic", "Acute abdominal pain", "Nausea and vomiting", "Gut electrolyte loss", "Repeated vomiting", "Fluid levels"], "Parents": ["Bowel obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Improper footware", "Effects": ["Corn"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital heart disease", "Synonyms": ["Congenital cardiac disease"], "Effects": ["Neonatal hypoxia", "Infective endocarditis", "Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Congenital disease", "Heart disease"], "Children": ["Congenital heart malformation", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes"], "Description": ["\"80% are malformations due to a combination of  of genetic and environmental factors.\r\nOthers are part of gene mutation syndromes .\""]}
,{"Name": "Cowden disease", "Synonyms": ["Cowden syndrome", "Multiple hamartoma syndrome"], "Effects": ["Multiple hamartomas", "Colonic polyp", "Oral papilloma", "Trichilemmoma", "Lipoma", "Carcinoma of breast", "Carcinoma of thyroid", "Uterine cancer", "Dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum"], "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased platelet production", "Synonyms": ["Reduced thrombocyte production"], "Causes": ["Megaloblastic anaemia", "Aplastic anaemia", "Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria", "Measles", "Drug induced platelet production impairment", "Bone marrow suppression", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Chediak-Higashi syndrome", "Hermanski-Pudlak syndrome"], "Effects": ["Thrombocytopenia"], "Description": ["\"ineffective megakaryopoiesis\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Trimethoprim", "Parents": ["Sulphonamide"], "Treats": ["Pneumocystis pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Clue cells", "Causes": ["Bacterial Vaginosis"]}
,{"Name": "Posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion", "Synonyms": ["PICA occlusion"], "Effects": ["Lateral medullary syndrome"], "Parents": ["Vertebrobasilar infarct"]}
,{"Name": "Lordotic gait", "Causes": ["Lumbar lordosis"], "Parents": ["Gait"]}
,{"Name": "Mixed connective tissue disease", "Synonyms": ["Mixed connective tissue disorder", "MCTD"], "Causes": ["Anti-PM/Scl antibody"], "Effects": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Dermatomyositis"], "Parents": ["Connective tissue disease"]}
,{"Name": "Q-fever", "Causes": ["Tic bite"], "Effects": ["Culture-negative endocarditis", "Acute headache", "Photophobia", "Atypical pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Tic-borne bacterial disease"], "Treatments": ["Doxycycline"], "Description": ["\"infection with Coxiella burnetii.\nobligate intracellular pathogen.\nincubation period 10\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd40 days.\n\nQ stands for \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdquery\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd due to the unknown etiology of the mystery disease when it was first recognized.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Septic arthritis", "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus", "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Lyme disease", "Gonorrhoea", "Rubella", "Candida albicans", "Group A streptococcus", "Streptobacillus", "Haemophilus influenzae"], "Effects": ["Limitation of all joint movement", "Joint effusion", "Bone pain"], "Parents": ["Arthritis", "Local infection"], "Treatments": ["Antibiotic", "Joint drainage"], "Description": ["\"50% aureus. 10% Strep\nOrigin:\n- Haematogenous spread\n- Joint injury\n- Joint surgery\n\nEmergency drainage of effusion to save damage to articular cartilage.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Capillary haemangioma", "Synonyms": ["Strawberry naevi"], "Causes": ["Female gender", "Caucasian"], "Effects": ["Bright red", "Compressible", "No pulsation", "Lobulated"], "Parents": ["Haemangioma"], "Description": ["\"60% on  head and neck\n\nPrognosis\n \n 95% - spontaneous complete reghression.\n 90%  resolve by  age 10\n\n\nManagement \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\n  Indications for referral :\n   - Not improved before school going age\n   - Interfering with breathing", "feeding", "vision\n   - Bleeding or ulceration\n   -  lumbo-sacral area: 50% have tethering / cord compression\""]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation", "Synonyms": ["Pulmonary AV malformation", "Pulmonary AVM", "Pulmonary AV fistula", "Pulmonary AV shunt"], "Causes": ["Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia"], "Effects": ["Right to left shunt", "Fingernail clubbing", "Round lung shadow", "Decreased KCO", "Haemoptysis", "Rib notching"], "Parents": ["Vascular pathology", "Arteriovenous malformation", "Cyanotic congenital heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Synonyms": ["Post-primary TB"], "Causes": ["Tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Cough", "Mucoid sputum", "Haemoptysis", "Consolidation", "Cavitating lung lesion", "Apical lung fibrosis", "Cold abscess", "Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy", "Unilateral lung fibrosis", "Fatigue", "Anorexia", "Dull chest pain", "Tuberculoma", "Bronchiectasis", "Bacterial pneumonia", "Paratracheal lymphadenopathy", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Purulent sputum", "Exudate pleural effusion"], "Treatments": ["Isoniazid", "Rifampicin", "Ethambutol", "Pyrazinamide"]}
,{"Name": "Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy", "Synonyms": ["HPOA"], "Causes": ["Squamous cell carcinoma of lung", "Mesothelioma"], "Effects": ["Periostitis", "Synovitis"], "Parents": ["Arthropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Thick mucus", "Synonyms": ["Inspissated secretion"], "Causes": ["Cystic fibrosis"], "Effects": ["Chronic pulmonary infection", "Sinusitis", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Pancreatic insufficiency", "Meconium ileus", "Meconium ileus equivalent", "Bronchial plug"]}
,{"Name": "Amoebiasis", "Synonyms": ["Entamoeba histolytica", "Amoeba", "Amoebic infection", "Amoebal infection"], "Causes": ["Faecal contamination of food"], "Effects": ["Amoebic dysentery", "Liver abscess", "Superficial keratitis"], "Parents": ["Protozoan infection", "Contagious disease"], "Treatments": ["Metronidazole"]}
,{"Name": "Hemisensory loss", "Synonyms": ["Loss of sensation on one side"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss", "Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "UDP-glucuronase deficiency", "Causes": ["Crigler-Najjar syndrome", "Gilbert syndrome"], "Effects": ["Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome", "Synonyms": ["NBCCS", "Gorlin syndrome"], "Effects": ["Basal cell carcinoma", "Palmoplantar pit", "Jaw cyst"], "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Meclizine", "Parents": ["H1-antagonist"]}
,{"Name": "Perinatal hypoxia", "Synonyms": ["Perinatal anoxia", "Hypoxia during birth"], "Causes": ["Premature birth", "Overdue pregnancy", "Fetal tachycardia", "Umblical cord copmpression", "Umblical cord prolapse"], "Effects": ["Fetal tachycardia", "Reduced fetal movement", "Cerebral palsy", "Torsion dystonia"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"]}
,{"Name": "Dyspnoea", "Causes": ["Breathlessness", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency", "Mesothelioma", "Generalised anxiety disorder", "Panic attack"], "Effects": ["Tracheal tug", "Use of accessory respiratory muscles", "Subcostal recession", "Intercostal recession", "Supraclavicular recession", "Nasal flaring", "Chest tightness"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Heart block", "Synonyms": ["Conduction problem", "Conduction defect"], "Causes": ["Loffler's eosinophilic carditis", "Fabry disease"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation", "Heart disease", "Ventricular arrhythmia"], "Children": ["Left bundle branch block", "Right bundle branch block", "Atrioventricular block", "Left hemifascicular block"]}
,{"Name": "Intravenous bicarbonate", "Effects": ["Metabolic alkalosis"], "Parents": ["Intravenous fluid"], "Treats": ["Salicylate poisoning", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Diabetic ketoacidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Subungual melanoma", "Effects": ["Melanonychia"], "Parents": ["Malignant melanoma", "Nail sign"], "Description": ["\"confirmed by biopsy of the nail bed.\nA difficult diagnosis requiring examination by expert dermatopathologists.\""]}
,{"Name": "Terson syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Terson's syndrome"], "Causes": ["Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Raised intracranial pressure"], "Effects": ["Subhyaloid haemorrhage", "Vitreous haemorrhage", "Retinal haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Na-V1.1-associated benign neonatal epilepsy", "Causes": ["SCN1A mutation"], "Parents": ["Primary generalised epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Hypochloraemia", "Causes": ["Hyperaldosteronism", "Repeated vomiting"], "Effects": ["High bicarbonate"], "Parents": ["Electrolyte imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Gastrointestinal drug", "Synonyms": ["GI drug"], "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Antacid", "Cimetidine", "Proton pump inhibitor", "Carbenoxolone", "Antispasmodic drug", "Misoprostol", "Bismuth", "5-aminosalicylic acid", "Salazopyrin", "Cholesterol binding salt", "Emetic", "Laxative", "Pancreatic enzyme"]}
,{"Name": "Reverse 3 sign", "Causes": ["Carcinoma Head of Pancreas", "Coarctation of the aorta"], "Effects": ["Oesophageal impression"], "Parents": ["Barium sign"]}
,{"Name": "Device", "Parents": ["Treatment"], "Children": ["Pacemaker", "Implantable defibrillator", "Intrauterine coil device"]}
,{"Name": "Low plasma urate", "Synonyms": ["Decreased uric acid", "Hypouricaemia", "Low urate"], "Causes": ["Uricosuric agent", "Allopurinol", "Aspirin", "Wilson's disease", "Fanconi syndrome", "Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Low high density lipoprotein", "Synonyms": ["Low HDL", "Decreased HDL"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Tangier disease", "Asian origin"], "Effects": ["Coronary artery disease"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Alexia", "Synonyms": ["Dyslexia"], "Causes": ["Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"], "Children": ["Surface dyslexia", "Deep dyslexia"]}
,{"Name": "CHF gene mutation", "Effects": ["Atypical haemolytic uraemia syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudogout", "Synonyms": ["Pyrophosphate crystal arthropathy"], "Causes": ["Hyperphosphataemia"], "Effects": ["Chondrocalcinosis", "Positive birefringence"], "Parents": ["Rheumatological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "PLP1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq22\""]}
,{"Name": "Clozapine", "Effects": ["Neutropenia"], "Parents": ["Atypical antipsychotic"]}
,{"Name": "Gemfibrozil", "Parents": ["Lipid-lowering drug"], "Treats": ["Hypercholesterolaemia", "Hypertriglyceridaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Vascular pathology", "Synonyms": ["Vasculopathy"], "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Atherosclerosis", "Varicose vein", "Primary vasculitis", "Secondary vasculitis", "Vascular malformation of brain", "Phlebitis", "Thrombotic microangiopathy", "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation", "Aneurysm", "Aneurysmal rupture", "Thrombophlebitis"]}
,{"Name": "Birth trauma", "Synonyms": ["Birth injury"], "Effects": ["Torsion dystonia", "Brachial plexus lesion", "Clavicle Fracture"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"]}
,{"Name": "Polycythaemia", "Causes": ["Dehydration", "Chronic hypoxia", "Stress polycythaemia", "Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Inappropriately raised erythropoietin", "High progesterone"], "Effects": ["Hyperviscosity", "Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Raised red cell mass", "Pruritus", "Increased KCO", "Ruddy complexion", "Erythromelalgia", "High haematocrit", "Raised leucocyte alkaline phosphatase", "Kernicterus"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Barotrauma", "Causes": ["Diving", "Aeroplane ascent", "Blast injury", "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy"], "Effects": ["Conductive deafness", "Earache"], "Description": ["\"due to unequal pressures that develop either side of the eardrum.\""]}
,{"Name": "Conjunctival autograft", "Parents": ["Ophthalmological surgery"], "Treats": ["Pterygium of the eye"]}
,{"Name": "Neck lump", "Parents": ["Lump"], "Children": ["Goitre", "Thyroglossal cyst", "Branchial cyst", "Lymphadenopathy", "Parotid pleiomorphic adenoma", "Carotid body tumour", "Pharyngeal pouch", "Cystic hygroma"]}
,{"Name": "Oesophageal varices", "Synonyms": ["Oesophageal varix"], "Causes": ["Portal hypertension"], "Effects": ["Ruptured oesophageal varices"], "Parents": ["Varicose vein"], "Treatments": ["Propranolol", "Glypressin", "Terlipressin", "Octreotide"], "Description": ["\"present in 50% of  cirrhosis\""]}
,{"Name": "Antispasmodic drug", "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"], "Children": ["Carminative"], "Treats": ["Irritable bowel syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Otohara syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy"], "Causes": ["SCN1A mutation", "ATP1A3 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Epileptic encephalopathy", "Burst suppression"]}
,{"Name": "Progressive rubella panencephalitis", "Synonyms": ["Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis", "SSPE"], "Effects": ["Oligoclonal bands in CSF"], "Parents": ["Cerebral pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Paget-Schroetter syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Paget-Schrotter syndrome", "Paget Schroetter syndrome", "Paget-Schr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdtter syndrome"], "Causes": ["Thoracic outlet obstruction"], "Effects": ["Deep vein thrombosis", "Swelling of arm"]}
,{"Name": "Ivermectin", "Parents": ["Anti-helminthic drug"], "Treats": ["Nematode", "Scabies", "Pediculosis capitis"]}
,{"Name": "Absent Kell antigen", "Causes": ["McLeod syndrome"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Syncope", "Synonyms": ["Acute global cerebral hypoperfusion"], "Causes": ["Sudden fall in blood pressure", "Postural hypotension", "Hypoglycaemia", "Aortic stenosis"], "Effects": ["Fall in elderly"], "Parents": ["Loss of consciousness", "Cardiovascular symptom"], "Description": ["\"Acute loss of consciousness due to global cerebral hypoperfusion\""]}
,{"Name": "L5 root lesion", "Causes": ["Cauda equina syndrome"], "Effects": ["Foot drop"], "Parents": ["Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Malnutrition", "Causes": ["Anorexia", "Depression", "Inadequate diet", "Ill fitting dentures", "Dysphagia", "Malabsorption state", "Hyperemesis gravidarum"], "Effects": ["Weight loss", "Low protein intake", "Steatosis", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Candida endophthalmitis", "Short stature", "Endomyocardial fibrosis", "Emotional stress", "Acanthocytosis", "Re-feeding syndrome"], "Children": ["Childhood malnutriton"]}
,{"Name": "Oesophageal atresia", "Causes": ["VATER syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Chvostek sign", "Causes": ["Tetany"], "Description": ["\"Tapping on facial nerve causes facial muscle twitch\""]}
,{"Name": "Lymphocytic infiltrate", "Causes": ["Coeliac disease"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Jugular venous pressure sign", "Synonyms": ["JVP sign"], "Parents": ["Neck sign"], "Children": ["Large JVP v-wave", "Raised jugular venous pressure", "Prominent JVP a-wave", "Absent JVP a-wave", "Cannon waves", "Kussmaul sign", "Hepatojugular reflux"]}
,{"Name": "Altered stream of thought", "Parents": ["Thought disturbance"], "Children": ["Pressure of thought", "Flight of ideas", "Mental slowing"]}
,{"Name": "Gastric ulcer", "Causes": ["Gastritis", "Kidney transplant", "Gastric adenocarcinoma"], "Parents": ["Peptic ulcer", "Barium sign"]}
,{"Name": "Caplan syndrome", "Causes": ["Pneumoconiosis", "Rheumatoid disease"], "Effects": ["Haemoptysis", "Breathlessness"], "Description": ["\"Modified rheumatoid nodules of the lung\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Childhood malignancy", "Synonyms": ["Childhood cancer", "Paediatric malignancy"], "Parents": ["Acquired childhood disease"], "Children": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Glioma", "Neuroblastoma", "Medulloblastoma", "Retinoblastoma", "Wilm's tumour", "Osteosarcoma", "Ewing sarcoma", "Acute myeloid leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Ulnar claw hand", "Synonyms": ["Main-en-griffe"], "Causes": ["Ulnar nerve palsy", "Medial cord of brachial plexus lesion", "C8 root lesion", "Klumpke palsy", "Thoracic outlet obstruction"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Acquired limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphoid leukaemia", "Effects": ["Cold antibody haemolysis"], "Parents": ["Leukaemia", "Lymphoid neoplasm"], "Children": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia", "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Insect bite", "Effects": ["Cellulitis", "Type I hypersensitivity reaction"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Mosquito bite", "Tsetse fly bite", "Tic bite", "Sandfly bite", "Chrysops fly bite", "Flea bite"]}
,{"Name": "Neuroma", "Causes": ["MEN III"], "Parents": ["Neurological tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Lipoma", "Causes": ["Dercum disease", "Cowden disease", "MEN I", "Bannayan-Zonana syndrome", "Gardener's syndrome"], "Effects": ["Face lump"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"], "Treatments": ["Excision"], "Description": ["\"Commonest soft tissue tumor.\nVery slow-growing .\nAdipose tissue enclosed by thin", "fibrous capsule.\n\nLocation : \n   - Subcutaneous (commonest)\n   - Intramuscular/  Submuscular \n   - Retroperitoneal - can grow to giant sizes\n   - Gastrointestinal - submuosal tumors-obstruction/bleeding\n   - Extradural Spinal - cord compression\n\nHereditary Lipomatosis - multiple lipomas .\n\nDercums disease- multiple painful lipomas.\n\nClinically:\n- Lobulated \n -Slippery edge\n- Pseudoflctuant\n\nDon\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt need treatment - usually removed for cosmetic reasons\n\nMalignant change to liposarcomas very rare. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Carotid aneursm", "Effects": ["Horner syndrome", "Carotid artery dissection"]}
,{"Name": "Temporal lobe lesion", "Effects": ["Receptive aphasia", "Conductive aphasia", "Cortical blindness", "Anomia", "Circumlocution"], "Parents": ["Cerebral lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphangioleiomyomatosis", "Effects": ["Pneumothorax"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Pharyngeal pouch", "Synonyms": ["Zenker's diverticulum"], "Causes": ["Old age"], "Effects": ["Neck swelling", "Dysphagia", "Regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Head and neck malformation", "Pharyngology", "Neck lump"], "Treatments": ["Diverticulectomy", "Cricopharyngeal myotomy"], "Description": ["\"pulsion diverticulum through Killian's dehiscenc\""]}
,{"Name": "Electrocardiographic investigation", "Synonyms": ["ECG sign", "ECG abnormality", "EKG sign", "Electrocardiographic sign"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Heart block", "Cardiac arrhythmia", "Left axis deviation", "Right axis deviation", "Depressed ST segment", "P pulmonale", "Small P-wave", "P mitrale", "Bifid P wave", "Long PR interval", "Prolonged QT interval", "Short QT interval", "Wide QRS complex", "J-wave", "Delta wave", "Torsades de pointes", "Electrical alternans", "Sinusoidal ECG", "S1 Q3 T3", "S wave in V1", "ST elevation", "Saddle-shaped ST segment", "T-wave inversion", "Tall tented T-wave", "U-wave", "Fusion beats", "Increased R wave amplitude", "Cardiac action potential change", "Low-voltage T wave", "Variable PR interval", "Short PR interval"]}
,{"Name": "Thoracic trauma", "Synonyms": ["Chest trauma"], "Effects": ["Haemothorax", "Lung trauma", "Pneumothorax", "Pericarditis", "Chylothorax", "Brachial plexus lesion", "Commotio cordis", "Pneumonectomy"], "Parents": ["Trauma"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchial breathing", "Causes": ["Consolidation", "Lung abscess", "Bronchial carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"], "Description": ["\"1)The length and intensity of inspiration and expiration are equal.\n2) There is an audible gap between the inspiratory and expiratory phase sounds. \n3) Expiratory phase is loud & high pitched.\n\nSimilar sounds can be heard in healthypeople", "by listening over the trachea or bronchus.\nIn healthypeople however", "these sounds are not conducted to the chest wall since they are attenuated by air filled alveoli and lung parenchyma.\nIn the presence of consolidation however the sound of air flow in the bronchi is conducted more effectively to the chest wall and bronchial rather than vesicular breath sounds are heard.\n\nFor bronchial breathing to be present", "the bronchus to the diseased area MUST be patent. \""]}
,{"Name": "Emetic", "Synonyms": ["Cathartic", "Vomit-inducing drug"], "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"], "Children": ["Ipecachuana"]}
,{"Name": "Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet syndrome"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Polydactyly", "Syndactyly", "Hypogonadism", "Obesity", "Hyperphagia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Claudication", "Effects": ["Calf pain"], "Parents": ["Pain"], "Children": ["Jaw claudication", "Buttock claudication", "Intermittent claudication"]}
,{"Name": "Raised follicle-stimulating hormone", "Synonyms": ["Raised FSH", "High follicle stimulating hormone", "High FSH", "Elevated FSH"], "Causes": ["Primary ovarian failure"], "Parents": ["Sex hormone imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Endocrine autoimmune disease", "Causes": ["POEMS syndrome"], "Effects": ["Addison disease", "Pernicious anaemia", "Type I diabetes mellitus", "Primary ovarian failure", "Hashimoto thyroiditis"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease"], "Children": ["Type I polyglandular syndrome", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Type III polyglandular syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Cryptogenic organising pneumonia", "Synonyms": ["COP"], "Causes": ["Polymyositis", "Dermatomyositis", "Rheumatoid disease"], "Effects": ["Transient bilateral lung shadowing"], "Parents": ["Interstitial pneumonitis"]}
,{"Name": "Chromosome 17 mutation", "Effects": ["Neurofibromatosis I"], "Parents": ["Chromosome mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Coma", "Synonyms": ["Unconsciousness"], "Causes": ["Acute hypoxia", "Shock", "Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Hypoglycaemia", "Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma", "Hypothermia", "Hypothyroidism", "Hypercapnia", "Hypertensive encephalopathy", "Hepatic encephalopathy", "Fulminant liver failure", "Uraemic encephalopathy", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Intracerebral haemorrhage", "Epileptic seizure", "Alcohol", "Benzodiazepine", "Bromide", "Carbon monoxide toxicity", "Drug abuse", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Effects": ["Altered sensorium", "Central hypoventilation", "Unresponsiveness", "Death", "Preserved brainstem reflexes"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Renal capillary obliteration", "Causes": ["Diabetic nephropathy"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Palatal petaechiae", "Causes": ["Infectious mononucleosis"], "Parents": ["Petechial rash"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatitis E", "Synonyms": ["Hep E"], "Effects": ["Viral hepatitis", "Fulminant liver failure", "Acute hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis virus"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatitis D", "Synonyms": ["Hep D", "Delta virus"], "Causes": ["Hepatitis B"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis virus"], "Description": ["\"Superinfection on top of Hep B\""]}
,{"Name": "Hepatitis C", "Synonyms": ["Hep C", "HCV"], "Causes": ["Intravenous drug abuse"], "Effects": ["Viral hepatitis", "Chronic liver disease", "Type II cryoglobulinaemia", "Type III cryoglobulinaemia", "Aplastic anaemia", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Lichen planus", "Hepatic haemosiderosis", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Secondary vasculitis"], "Parents": ["Flavivirus", "Hepatitis virus", "Blood-borne disease", "Chronic viral infection"], "Treatments": ["Interferon alpha", "Ribvarin"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatitis B", "Synonyms": ["Hep B", "HBV"], "Causes": ["Maternal Transfer", "Intravenous drug abuse", "Tattooing", "Blood transfusion", "Needlestick injury"], "Effects": ["Viral hepatitis", "Chronic liver disease", "Anorexia", "Fatigue", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Fulminant liver failure", "Hepatitis D", "Lichen planus", "Hepatic haemosiderosis", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis virus", "Venereal disease", "Blood-borne disease", "Hepadnavirus", "Chronic viral infection"], "Treatments": ["Symptomatic treatment", "Interferon alpha", "Tenofovir", "Entecavir", "Prophylactic immunisation", "Immunoglobulin"], "Description": ["\"TYPES:\nAcute:\n    -Fever\n    -Nausea \n    -Jaundice\n\n     Sequale:\n     -90% recover fully in 3 mths.\n    - Immune thereafter.\n    -10%  chronic \n     \n\nChronic:\n  a) chronic inactive HepB= Asymptomatic Carrier\n  b) chronic  active Hep  B=  symptoms> cirrhosis\n    \nAcute hepatitis B = notifiable disease.\n      \n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hepatitis A", "Synonyms": ["Hep A"], "Causes": ["Faecal contamination of food", "Travel", "Homosexuality", "Shellfish", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Effects": ["Viral hepatitis", "Anorexia", "Nausea and vomiting", "Hepatocellular jaundice", "Fulminant liver failure", "HAV antibodies", "Aplastic anaemia", "Acute hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis virus", "Enterovirus", "Notifiable disease"], "Treatments": ["Symptomatic treatment", "Prophylactic immunisation"], "Description": ["\"Incubation period =28 days .\n\nResistant to detergent", "acid", "drying.\nSurvives for months in fresh & salt water.\nInactivated by chlorine  .\n\nNo specific treatment .\nSymptoms last  2 months.\nIimmune for life.\nDoes not become chronic.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Anti-GD1a antibodies", "Effects": ["Acute motor axonal neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Anti-glycolipid antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Surgery for inflammatory bowel disease", "Effects": ["Enterocutaneous fitsula"], "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Potassium perchlorate", "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia", "Hypothyroidism", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Antithyroid drug"]}
,{"Name": "Epley manoeuvre", "Synonyms": ["Canalith repositioning manoeuvre"], "Parents": ["Manoeuvre"], "Treats": ["Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo"]}
,{"Name": "Patent sinus venosus", "Parents": ["Atrial septal defect"]}
,{"Name": "Low haematocrit", "Causes": ["Microcytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Unstable angina", "Synonyms": ["Angina decubitus"], "Effects": ["Myocardial infarction"], "Parents": ["Acute coronary syndrome"], "Description": ["\"ECG changes but normal troponin\""]}
,{"Name": "Cigarette-paper thin skin", "Synonyms": ["Cigarette paper scars", "Papyraceous scar"], "Causes": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Renal tubule acidosis", "Effects": ["Short stature", "Late puberty", "Primary biliary cirrhosis"], "Parents": ["Renal tubular disease"], "Children": ["Distal renal tubule acidosis", "Proximal renal tubule acidosis", "Type IV renal tubule acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria", "Synonyms": ["PNH", "Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome", "Phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene mutation", "Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol deficit", "PIGA gene mutation", "GPI deficit"], "Causes": ["PIGA gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Intravascular haemolysis", "Venous thrombosis", "Decreased platelet production", "Pancytopaenia", "Positive Ham's test", "Hepatic vein thrombosis"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder", "Haematological pathology"], "Description": ["\"Haemopoietic stem cell disease\nAcquired sensitivity to complement destruction\""]}
,{"Name": "Tietze syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Tietze's costochondritis", "Idiopathic costochondritis"], "Effects": ["Musculoskeletal chest pain"], "Parents": ["Chest pain"]}
,{"Name": "Conversion disorder", "Synonyms": ["hysteria"], "Causes": ["Anxiety disorder"], "Effects": ["Numbness", "Blindness", "Seizure", "Astasia abasia"], "Parents": ["Dissociation", "Anxiety disorder", "Paresis"], "Description": ["\"Pseudo-symptoms: without a definable organic cause. \nSymptoms arise in response to stress. \nSymptoms are not deliberate but involuntary.\n\nFormerly known as \"hysteria\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Autoimmune bowel disease", "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease"], "Children": ["Inflammatory bowel disease", "Pernicious anaemia", "Coeliac disease"]}
,{"Name": "Redcurrant jelly stool", "Causes": ["Intussusception"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom", "Faeces sign"]}
,{"Name": "Antibiotic altering bowel flora", "Causes": ["Penicillin", "Cephalosporin", "Quinolone", "Clindamycin"], "Effects": ["Diarrhoea"]}
,{"Name": "Voltage-gated calcium channel antibody", "Synonyms": ["VGCCA", "Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel antibody"], "Effects": ["Eaton-Lambert syndrome"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Parvovirus", "Synonyms": ["Parvovirus B-19", "Erythrovirus"], "Effects": ["Slapped cheek syndrome", "Aplastic anaemia", "Upper respiratory tract infection"], "Parents": ["Single-stranded DNA virus"], "Description": ["\"Aplastic anaemia particularly in sickle cell disease.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cirrhosis", "Synonyms": ["Liver fibrosis"], "Causes": ["Chronic liver disease"], "Effects": ["Portal hypertension", "Liver failure", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Cholestasis", "Cholelithiasis", "IgA nephropathy", "Raised alpha-fetoprotein", "Terry's nail"], "Parents": ["Hepatobiliary pathology", "Fibrosis"], "Children": ["Biliary cirrhosis", "Macronodular cirrhosis"], "Treatments": ["Ursodeoxycholic acid"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-dsDNA antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-double stranded DNA antibody"], "Effects": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Parents": ["Antibody"], "Description": ["\"in 80% od SLE\""]}
,{"Name": "Increased Basal Metabolic rate", "Synonyms": ["Increased BMR"], "Causes": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Fever"]}
,{"Name": "Amphotericin B", "Effects": ["Drug toxic to lung", "Hypokalaemia", "Drug nephrotoxicity"], "Parents": ["Anti-fungal agent"], "Treats": ["Cutaneous leishmaniasis", "Leishmania donovani", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Coccidioides immitis"]}
,{"Name": "GRACILE syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Finnish lethal neonatal metabolic syndrome", "FLNMS"], "Effects": ["Growth retardation", "Amino-aciduria", "Cholestasis", "Iron overload", "Hereditary lactate acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Plasmodium falciparum", "Synonyms": ["Falciparum malaria"], "Effects": ["Intravascular haemolysis", "Respiratory distress", "Hypoglycaemia", "Decreased platelet survival", "Absence of exoerythrocytic schizogony", "Greater than 0.5% ring forms", "Infectious encephalitis", "Infective hepatitis", "Hepatomegaly", "Hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Malaria"], "Treatments": ["Quinine", "Chloroquine"], "Description": ["\"Rx Quinine or chloroquine\""]}
,{"Name": "Procedure", "Parents": ["Treatment"], "Children": ["Cardiological procedure", "Radiological procedure", "Obstetric procedure", "Neurological procedure", "Renal procedure", "Haematological procedure", "Urological procedure", "ENT procedure", "Central line", "Rehydration", "Bronchoscopy", "General anaesthetic", "Endotracheal intubation", "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "Ascitic tap", "Breast Biopsy", "Oesophageal dilatation", "Endoscopic coagulation", "Cauterisation", "Needle Aspiration", "Pleurodesis", "Enema", "Electroconvulsive therapy", "Manoeuvre", "Desensitization", "Speech therapy", "Dental procedure"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Parasitic infection", "Synonyms": ["Parasite", "Parasitic infestation"], "Effects": ["Endomyocardial fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Infectious disease", "Inflammatory disease"], "Children": ["Protozoan infection", "Helminth", "Phithirus pubis", "Pediculosis corporis", "Gut parasite"]}
,{"Name": "Reticulohistocytosis", "Effects": ["Acquired lactate acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Ischaemic hepatitis", "Synonyms": ["Shock liver", "Ischaemic liver disease"], "Causes": ["Shock", "Sickle cell crisis", "Nutmeg liver"], "Effects": ["Acute hepatitis", "Fulminant liver failure"]}
,{"Name": "Gram positive sepsis", "Causes": ["Gram positive coccus", "Bacterial pneumonia", "Bacterial meningitis", "Toxic shock syndrome", "Central line"], "Parents": ["Septicaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Fibrofolliculomas"], "Causes": ["FLCN gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Fibrofolliculoma", "Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma", "Lung cyst"], "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Fibrofolliculomas are always around the nose and ear.\n7 times greater renal cancer risk than the unaffected population.\nThese are not renal cell carcinomas however.\""]}
,{"Name": "Increased sympathetic tone", "Synonyms": ["increased sympathetic activity"], "Causes": ["Anxiety", "Pain", "Autonomic nervous hyperactivity", "Beta adrenergic stimulation", "Mercury"], "Effects": ["Sweating", "Physiological tremor", "Increased vascular tone", "High renin"]}
,{"Name": "Vertebrobasilar infarct", "Causes": ["Arterial embolus"], "Effects": ["Cranial nerve palsy", "Vertigo", "Bulbar palsy", "Brainstem syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cerebrovascular accident"], "Children": ["Posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion"], "Treatments": ["Aspirin"]}
,{"Name": "Rooting reflex", "Parents": ["Primitive reflex"], "Description": ["\"Visual", "tactile lateral motion --> lip movement\""]}
,{"Name": "Rhinophyma", "Causes": ["Acne rosacea"], "Effects": ["Cosmetic disfigurement"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoalbuminaemia", "Synonyms": ["Low plasma albumin", "Low albumin"], "Causes": ["Burn", "Septicaemia", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Chronic liver disease", "Liver failure", "Nephrotic syndrome", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Low protein intake", "Metastasis", "Pre-eclampsia", "Blood change in pregnancy", "Increased systemic vascular permeability", "Erythroderma", "Decreased serum acute phase proteins"], "Effects": ["Decreased oncotic pressure", "Hyponatraemia", "Leukonychia", "Sick euthyroidism"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Low protein intake", "Causes": ["Malnutrition"], "Effects": ["Hypoalbuminaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Pure red cell aplasia", "Causes": ["Thymoma"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow failure anaemia"], "Description": ["\"normal granulocytes", "thrombocytes\""]}
,{"Name": "Shunt nephritis", "Causes": ["Ventriculoperitoneal shunt"], "Effects": ["Acquired complement deficiency", "Acute nephritic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Nephritis"], "Description": ["\"Results from a chronically  infected hydrocephalus shunt by Staph.epidermidis.\nKidney disease results from an immune response that deposits immune complexes in the kidney. \""]}
,{"Name": "Gottron papules", "Synonyms": ["Gottron's sign"], "Causes": ["Dermatomyositis"], "Effects": ["Violaceous papule", "Hand nodule"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Papular rash"], "Description": ["\"Heliotrope rash over dorsum of metacarpophalangeal joint\""]}
,{"Name": "Ketogenic diet", "Synonyms": ["Nutritonal ketosis", "Dietary ketosis"], "Causes": ["Weight loss program", "Epilepsy treatment"], "Effects": ["Ketosis", "Growth retardation", "Osteoporosis", "Calcium oxalate stone"], "Description": ["\"Treats refractory epilepsy.\nHigh-fat", "adequate-protein", "low-carbohydrate diet.\nReduces siezures by 50% in 50% of those who use the diet.\n\nSome evidence that ketogenic diet can be neuroprotective.\n\nMay increase  risk of:\n-stunted growth\n- bone fractures  \n- kidney stones\""]}
,{"Name": "Loss of proprioception", "Synonyms": ["Loss of joint position sense", "Diminished JPS", "Proprioceptive deficit"], "Causes": ["Dorsal column lesion", "Large fibre neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Chromosome 20 mutation", "Effects": ["Pseudohypoparathyroidism"], "Parents": ["Chromosome mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Bovine tuberculosis", "Parents": ["Zoonosis"]}
,{"Name": "Non-immunological urticaria", "Causes": ["Cold weather", "Heat", "Emotional stress", "Dermatographism", "Aspirin", "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Urticaria pigmentosa"], "Parents": ["Urticaria"], "Description": ["\"Mechanism:\n-Physical stimuli causing mast cell release.\n-Direct mast cell releasing drugs.\""]}
,{"Name": "Allogenic bone marrow transplant", "Synonyms": ["Allogenic BMT"], "Effects": ["Severe T-cell immunodeficiency", "Graft versus host disease"], "Parents": ["Transplant Surgery"], "Treats": ["Pre-T cell acute lymphoid leukaemia", "Chronic myeloid leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Dermatitis", "Synonyms": ["Eczema", "Eczma"], "Causes": ["Phenylketonuria", "Nicotinic acid deficiency"], "Effects": ["Dry skin", "Skin irritation", "Pruritus", "Leathery patches", "Cutaneous scarring", "Erythroderma", "Scaly skin"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune skin disease", "Erythema"], "Children": ["Atopic dermatitis", "Lichen sclerosus", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Pompholyx eczema", "Scrotal dermatitis"], "Treatments": ["Doxepin"], "Description": ["\"eczema\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd =Greek  \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdto boil over\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. \n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdDermatitis\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd = Greek  'inflamed skin'\n both terms refer to exactly the same skin condition. \n\n\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Ifosfamide", "Effects": ["Haemorrhagic cystitis", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome", "Toxic encephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Chemotheraputic drug"], "Treats": ["Sarcoma", "Lymphoma", "Carcinoma of breast", "Lung malignancy", "Testicular tumour"], "Description": ["\"Nitrogen mustard alkylating agent.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cephalopelvic disproportion", "Causes": ["Pelvic fracture", "Congenital pelvic malformation", "Kyphosis", "Scoliosis", "Rickets", "Fetal macrosomia", "Overdue pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Dystocia"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoplastic iliac bones", "Causes": ["Cranio-cleido dysostosis"], "Parents": ["Lower limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Ketanserin", "Parents": ["5-HT2 antagonist", "Alpha adrenoceptor blocker"], "Treats": ["Carcinoid tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic hypoxia", "Causes": ["Blue bloater", "Asthma", "Pulmonary fibrosis", "Cigarette smoking", "Bronchiectasis", "Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome", "Kyphosis", "Scoliosis", "High altitude"], "Effects": ["Polycythaemia", "Raised erythropoietin", "Central hypoventilation", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension"], "Parents": ["Hypoxaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudoarthrosis", "Synonyms": ["False joint"], "Causes": ["Non-union"]}
,{"Name": "Hallevorden-Spatz disease", "Effects": ["Eye-of-the-tiger sign", "Chorea", "Optic atrophy", "Early onset dementia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation"]}
,{"Name": "Pasteurella multocida", "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus"]}
,{"Name": "Pruritic papules", "Causes": ["Lichen planus", "Cutaneous anthrax"], "Parents": ["Pruritus", "Papular rash"]}
,{"Name": "DR-3", "Effects": ["Graves disease"]}
,{"Name": "Praziquantel", "Parents": ["Anti-helminthic drug"], "Treats": ["Cysticercosis", "Schistosomiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Irradiation", "Synonyms": ["Radiation", "Ionising radiation exposure"], "Causes": ["Radiotherapy", "Nuclear power plant accident"], "Effects": ["Atrophic skin", "Scarring alopecia", "Anorexia", "Nausea and vomiting", "Diarrhoea", "Xerostomia", "Apical lung fibrosis", "Pulmonary microvascular injury", "Chronic constrictive pericarditis", "Oesophagitis", "Mediastinitis", "Aplastic anaemia", "Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Cystitis", "Proctitis", "Malignancy", "Papillary thyroid cancer", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Congenital malformation", "Bowel bacterial overgrowth", "Baroreceptor deafferentation syndrome", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Enterocolic fistula", "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid", "Parotid pleiomorphic adenoma", "Burn", "Sterile inflammation", "Soft tissue injury", "Ulcerative colitis", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma of breast"]}
,{"Name": "Positive Mantoux test", "Causes": ["Tuberculosis", "Sarcoidosis", "Mycobacterium bovis"], "Parents": ["Immunological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy", "Synonyms": ["Precipitating factor of hepatic encephalopathy"], "Effects": ["Hepatic encephalopathy"], "Children": ["Alcohol", "Constipation", "High protein diet", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Benzodiazepine", "Uraemia", "Hypokalaemia", "Hyponatraemia"]}
,{"Name": "Drug secreted in breast milk", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Tetracycline", "Chloramphenicol", "Quinolone", "Amphetamine", "Amiodarone", "Aspirin", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Lithium", "Barbiturate", "Benzodiazepine", "Isotretinoin", "Metronidazole", "Nitrofurantoin", "Antimetabolite", "Thiazide", "Ergometrine", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Opiate"]}
,{"Name": "Fetal heart failure", "Causes": ["Hydrops fetalis", "Fetal tachycardia"], "Parents": ["Heart failure"]}
,{"Name": "Jellinek sign", "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Increased pigmentation of the margins of eyelids\""]}
,{"Name": "Normal vaginal delivery", "Causes": ["Pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Amniotic fluid embolism", "Urinary incontinence", "Post-partum disease"], "Parents": ["Childbirth"]}
,{"Name": "Pneumaturia", "Causes": ["Colo-vesical fistula"]}
,{"Name": "Pergolide", "Parents": ["Dopamine receptor agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Aeroplane ascent", "Effects": ["Barotrauma"]}
,{"Name": "Arthritis mutilans", "Synonyms": ["Mutilating arthropathy"], "Causes": ["Psoriatic arthropathy", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Charcot joints"], "Parents": ["Arthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Frontal release", "Synonyms": ["Frontal syndrome", "Frontal lobe deficit"], "Causes": ["Frontal lobe lesion", "Frontotemporal dementia", "Progressive supranuclear palsy"], "Effects": ["Primitive reflex", "Emotional lability"]}
,{"Name": "FXN gene mutation", "Effects": ["Friedrich ataxia"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 9q21.11\""]}
,{"Name": "Buccal snail-track ulcer", "Causes": ["Secondary syphilis"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "GDF3 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Klippel-Feil syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 12p13.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Demeclocycline", "Effects": ["Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus"], "Parents": ["Tetracycline"], "Treats": ["Inappropriate ADH secretion"]}
,{"Name": "Clobazam", "Parents": ["Benzodiazepine"], "Treats": ["Catamenial epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Epithelial casts", "Parents": ["Urinary casts"]}
,{"Name": "Infantile pyknocytosis", "Effects": ["Pyknocytosis", "Acanthocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Bamboo spine", "Synonyms": ["Calcification of interspinous ligaments"], "Causes": ["Ankylosing spondylitis"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pancreatic Cyst", "Synonyms": ["Cyst of pancreas"], "Causes": ["Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Adult polycystic kidney disease"], "Parents": ["Cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Psychiatric disease", "Parents": ["Psychiatry", "Disease"], "Children": ["Organic mental disorder", "Schizophrenia", "Affective disorder", "Neurotic disorder", "Psychosis", "Impulse control disorder", "Psychoactive substance use", "Childhood mental disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Urease breath test positive", "Causes": ["Helicobacter pylori", "Klebsiella", "Proteus", "Ureaplasma urealyticum"], "Description": ["\"Radiolabelled 13C-urea broken down into ammonia and CO2.\""]}
,{"Name": "Absent bowel sounds", "Causes": ["Ileus"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Acute traumatic encephalopathy", "Parents": ["Traumatic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Skin Tumours", "Synonyms": ["Neoplastic disease of skin", "Skin Tumours"], "Parents": ["Dermatological disease", "Tumour"], "Children": ["Carcinoma of skin", "Malignant melanoma", "Benign melanoma", "Kaposi sarcoma"]}
,{"Name": "Guaifenesin", "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"], "Description": ["\"Expectorant\""]}
,{"Name": "Amelanotic naevus", "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis"]}
,{"Name": "Acidic urine", "Synonyms": ["Low urinary pH", "Hyperaciduria"], "Effects": ["Uric acid stone"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Pubic lice", "Synonyms": ["Crabs"], "Causes": ["Phithirus pubis"], "Parents": ["Venereal disease"]}
,{"Name": "Combined B12 and iron deficiency", "Effects": ["Dimorphic blood film"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Beighton criteria", "Causes": ["Benign joint hypermobility syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Onion skin appearance", "Causes": ["Ewing sarcoma"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"], "Description": ["\"lamellated or \"onion skin\" type periosteal reaction \""]}
,{"Name": "Tumour", "Synonyms": ["Growth", "Neoplasm", "Neoplasia"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Benign neoplasm", "Malignancy", "Neuroendocrine tumour", "Squamous cell tumour", "Large cell tumour", "Mesenchymal tumour", "Atrial myxoma", "Parotid tumour", "Skin Tumours"], "Treatments": ["Excision"]}
,{"Name": "Tension pneumothorax", "Causes": ["Pneumothorax"], "Effects": ["Deviated trachea", "Asystole"]}
,{"Name": "Atresia of choanae", "Causes": ["CHARGE syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Melancholia", "Causes": ["Depression"], "Effects": ["Early morning waking"], "Parents": ["Mood disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary regurgitation", "Causes": ["Cor pulmonale", "Fenestrated semilunar valves"], "Effects": ["Graham Steell murmur"], "Parents": ["Valvular heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Trichomoniasis", "Effects": ["Vaginal discharge", "Pruritus"], "Parents": ["Venereal disease"], "Treatments": ["Metronidazole"]}
,{"Name": "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Adult respiratory failure", "Shock lung", "Diffuse alveolar damage", "Acute alveolar injury", "Traumatic wet lungs", "ARDS", "Acute lung injury", "ALI", "Acute respiratory distress syndrome"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary microvascular injury", "Multiple transfusion", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Cardiopulmonary bypass", "Haemodialysis", "Acute pancreatitis", "Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity", "Fat embolus", "Eclampsia"], "Effects": ["Breathlessness", "Restrictive pulmonary disease", "Hypoxic respiratory failure", "Acute hypoxia", "Hypoalbuminaemia"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"], "Treatments": ["Human albumin solution"]}
,{"Name": "Arachnodactyly", "Synonyms": ["Long fingers", "Long digits"], "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome", "Trisomy 22"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Mirena coil", "Synonyms": ["Progesterone coil"], "Parents": ["Intrauterine coil device"]}
,{"Name": "Squatting", "Synonyms": ["Crouching"], "Causes": ["Tetralogy of Fallot"], "Parents": ["Paediatric sign", "Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Aggression", "Synonyms": ["Violence"], "Causes": ["Psychosis", "Levetiracetam", "Bromide"], "Parents": ["Mood disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy", "Synonyms": ["ASH"], "Causes": ["Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Mitral valve prolapse"], "Parents": ["Echocardiography sign"]}
,{"Name": "High muscle bulk", "Effects": ["Elevated plasma creatinine"]}
,{"Name": "Pancreaticoduodenal fistula", "Effects": ["Bicarbonate loss", "Hyperchloraemic acidosis"], "Parents": ["Abdominal fistula"]}
,{"Name": "Coitus", "Effects": ["Hyperprolactinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Anacrotic pulse", "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis"], "Description": ["\"Notch in upstroke of pulse\nSign of severe stenosis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypomelanosis of Ito", "Effects": ["Hypopigmented skin", "Mental retardation", "Aplasia of iris", "Seizure"], "Description": ["\"patches and whorls of pale skin\nSeizures\""]}
,{"Name": "Dry eye", "Synonyms": ["Decreased tear secretion", "Xerophthalmia", "Alacrymia", "Alacrimia"], "Causes": ["Sjogren syndrome", "Rheumatoid disease", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Ocular sarcoidosis", "Vitamin A deficiency", "Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome", "Adrenal insufficiency alacrima and achalasia syndrome"], "Parents": ["Ocular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased visual acuity", "Synonyms": ["Impaired visual acuity", "Visual impairment", "Impaired vision", "Impaired eyesight"], "Causes": ["Central scotoma", "Clouding of vision", "Blindness", "Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "Premature birth", "Retinoblastoma", "Biotinidase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom", "Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma", "Synonyms": ["HONK", "HONC"], "Causes": ["Type II diabetes mellitus"], "Effects": ["Deep vein thrombosis", "Coma", "Hypernatraemia"]}
,{"Name": "Staphylococcus aureus", "Synonyms": ["Staph aureus", "S. aureus"], "Effects": ["Folliculitis", "Furuncle", "Carbuncle", "Paronychia", "Impetigo", "Phlyctenular conjunctivitis", "Lung abscess", "Right-sided bacterial endocarditis", "Septic arthritis", "Acute Osteomyelitis", "Scalded skin syndrome", "Toxic shock syndrome", "Liver abscess", "Perleche", "Coagulase positive colony", "Chronic suppurative otitis media", "Superficial keratitis", "Hordeolum", "Dacryocystitis", "Infective conjunctivitis", "Phlycten", "Bacterial endocarditis", "Necrotising fasciitis"], "Parents": ["Staphylococcus"], "Treatments": ["Cephalosporin", "Flucloxacillin", "Vancomycin", "Clindamycin", "Teicoplanin"], "Description": ["\"Most strains of Staphylococcus aureus are now resistant to penicillin.\n\nMethicillin-resistant strains o (MRSA) are common in hospitals \n\n\nMRSA requires Vancomycin.\nIf allergic to Vancomycin", "use Teicoplanin.\n\n\nCurrent prevalence of MRSA infectiosn after surgery in UK = 0.5%\nA reduction of 65%  between 2009-2013\""]}
,{"Name": "Nuclear power plant accident", "Synonyms": ["Nuclear explosion", "Nuclear fallout", "Nuclear holocaust"], "Effects": ["Irradiation"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Osler node", "Causes": ["Infective endocarditis"], "Effects": ["Hand nodule"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"]}
,{"Name": "Gastric atrophy", "Synonyms": ["Partial villous atrophy"], "Causes": ["Iron deficiency anaemia"], "Effects": ["Malabsorption state"]}
,{"Name": "Type IV renal tubule acidosis", "Causes": ["Type II diabetes mellitus", "Addison disease"], "Effects": ["Hyperkalaemia"], "Parents": ["Renal tubule acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-retroviral agent", "Synonyms": ["Antiretroviral agent"], "Parents": ["Antiviral agent"], "Children": ["Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor", "Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor", "Protease inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Human immunodeficiency virus"]}
,{"Name": "VATER syndrome", "Effects": ["Vertebral defect", "Anal atresia", "Tracheo-oesophageal fistula", "Oesophageal atresia", "Renal agenesis"]}
,{"Name": "Joint sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Joint hypermobility", "Tophus", "Synovitis", "Genu varum"]}
,{"Name": "Lightheadedness", "Synonyms": ["Light-headed sensation"], "Causes": ["Hypoglycaemia", "Hyperventilation"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Antacid", "Effects": ["Milk-alkali syndrome"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"], "Treats": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Gastritis"]}
,{"Name": "Neomycin", "Effects": ["Subtotal villous atrophy"], "Parents": ["Lipid-lowering drug", "Aminoglycoside"], "Treats": ["Chronic suppurative otitis media", "Chronic mastoiditis"]}
,{"Name": "Thought disturbance", "Synonyms": ["Thought disorder"], "Causes": ["Delirium"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric sign"], "Children": ["Altered stream of thought", "Disconnected thought", "Altered thought posession", "Altered thought content"]}
,{"Name": "Lipid inclusion", "Causes": ["Fabry disease"], "Parents": ["Skin biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Renal tubular disease", "Parents": ["Renal pathology"], "Children": ["Acute tubular necrosis", "Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Renal tubule acidosis", "Renal tubular damage"]}
,{"Name": "Nephritis", "Synonyms": ["Nephritic disease"], "Effects": ["High liver dehydrogenase"], "Parents": ["Renal pathology"], "Children": ["Acute nephritic syndrome", "Glomerulonephritis", "CMV nephritis", "Shunt nephritis", "Tubulointerstitial nephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Canicola fever", "Effects": ["Bacterial meningitis"], "Parents": ["Leptospira infection"], "Description": ["\"Caused by Leptospira canicola\""]}
,{"Name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Effects": ["Urinary tract infection", "Chronic suppurative otitis media", "Otitis externa", "Bronchiectasis", "Folliculitis", "Acute Osteomyelitis", "Ecthyma", "Superficial keratitis", "Necrotising fasciitis"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus"], "Treatments": ["Aminoglycoside"]}
,{"Name": "Ventricular hypertrophy", "Parents": ["Echocardiography sign"], "Children": ["Right ventricular hypertrophy", "Left ventricular hypertrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Prognathism", "Synonyms": ["Jaw protrusion", "Protruding mandible"], "Causes": ["Acromegaly", "Fragile X syndrome", "Congenital syphilis", "Pachydermoperiostosis", "Cranio-cleido dysostosis"]}
,{"Name": "Ultraviolet light", "Effects": ["Photokeratitis", "Acquired cataract", "Pterygium of the eye"], "Parents": ["Carcinogen"]}
,{"Name": "Thoracic outlet obstruction", "Synonyms": ["Thoracic outlet syndrome", "Thorax outlet obstruction"], "Causes": ["Cervical rib", "Fibrous band", "Scalenus anticus spasm", "Local infiltration of lung cancer", "Pancoast syndrome"], "Effects": ["Brachial plexus lesion", "Ulnar claw hand", "Arm pain", "Swelling of arm", "Absent radial pulse", "Radiofemoral delay", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Paget-Schroetter syndrome", "Adson's sign"]}
,{"Name": "Horder's spots", "Causes": ["Psittacosis"], "Parents": ["Facial erythema"], "Description": ["\"Rose spots \""]}
,{"Name": "Kerley B lines", "Causes": ["Pulmonary hypertension", "Pulmonary oedema"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Synonyms": ["MNM", "Inflammatory polyneuropathy", "Multiple inflammatory mononeuropathy"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Sarcoidosis", "Rheumatoid disease", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Essential thrombocythaemia", "Cryoglobulinaemia", "Tangier disease", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Tuberculoid leprosy", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Lyme disease", "Lymphoma", "Insulin neuritis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Effects": ["Mononeuropathy", "Asymmetrical neuropathy", "Peripheral neuropathy", "Neuropathic pain"], "Parents": ["Neuritis"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous immunoglobulin"]}
,{"Name": "Cortical hamartoma", "Synonyms": ["Tuber"], "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation", "Localisation-related epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm", "Brain tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Dianthrol", "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"]}
,{"Name": "Infectious skin disease", "Parents": ["Dermatological disease", "Local infection"], "Children": ["Bacterial infections of skin", "Fungal infections of skin", "Viral infections of skin", "Scabies"]}
,{"Name": "Ophthalmoplegia", "Synonyms": ["Eye muscle paralysis", "Ocular paresis", "Extraocular muscle paralysis", "Eye movement restriction", "Decreased range of eye movement"], "Effects": ["Diplopia"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Children": ["Internuclear ophthalmoplegia", "Impaired upgaze", "Mobius sign", "Jendrassik sign", "Ballet sign", "Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Strabismus", "Disjunct gaze palsy", "Dysconjugate gaze paresis", "Conjugate gaze paresis"]}
,{"Name": "Lactation", "Synonyms": ["Breast milk"], "Causes": ["Puerperal period"], "Parents": ["Nipple discharge"]}
,{"Name": "Herpes simplex type II", "Effects": ["Genital herpes", "Mollaret's meningitis"], "Parents": ["Herpes simplex virus", "Venereal disease"]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial gastroenteritis", "Causes": ["Escherichia coli", "Escherichia coli O157:H7", "Campylobacter jejuni", "Salmonella", "Shigella", "Clostridium botulinum", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Legionella"], "Parents": ["Infective gastroenteritis"]}
,{"Name": "Imipramine", "Parents": ["Tricyclic antidepressant", "P450 enzyme inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Neuropathic pain"]}
,{"Name": "Posterior communicating artery aneurysm", "Synonyms": ["PCom aneurysm"], "Effects": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Berry aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Coffee bean sign", "Causes": ["Volvulus"], "Parents": ["Abdominal X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Intravenous drug abuse", "Synonyms": ["IVDU", "IVDA", "Intravenous drug addiction"], "Causes": ["Chronic pancreatitis"], "Effects": ["Right-sided bacterial endocarditis", "Lung abscess", "Groin abscess", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Candida endophthalmitis", "Infective endocarditis", "Hepatitis C", "Hepatitis B", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Psychoactive substance use"], "Parents": ["Drug abuse"], "Treatments": ["Methadone"]}
,{"Name": "Promethazine", "Synonyms": ["Phenergan"], "Parents": ["H1-antagonist"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperparathyroidism", "Effects": ["High plasma urate", "Sclerosis of bone"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism", "Tertiary hyperparathyroidism"]}
,{"Name": "Right iliac fossa pain", "Causes": ["Appendicitis", "Rovsing's sign", "Ectopic pregnancy", "Pelvic inflammatory disease"], "Parents": ["Abdominal pain"], "Description": ["\"<html>\n  \n\n  <head>\n\n  </head>\n  <body>\n  </body>\n</html>\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Gum hyperplasia", "Synonyms": ["Gum hypertrophy", "Hypertrophic gingiva", "Gingival hyperplasia"], "Causes": ["Phenytoin", "Nifedipine", "Cyclosporin", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Acute monocytic leukaemia", "Scurvy", "High oestrogen", "Tuberous sclerosis"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Thyroxine", "Synonyms": ["T4", "Tetraiodothyronine", "Levothyroxine"], "Effects": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Insomnia", "Angina pectoris", "Benign intracranial hypertension"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Hormone"], "Treats": ["Hypothyroidism", "Cretinism", "Hashimoto thyroiditis"]}
,{"Name": "G6PD gene mutation", "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Dilutional effect", "Causes": ["Blood transfusion"], "Effects": ["Thrombocytopenia", "Clotting factor deficiency"], "Description": ["\"Massive blood transfusion is defined as:\na) replacement of a patient's total blood volume in less than 24 hours", "OR\nb) the acute administration of more than half the patient's estimated blood volume per hour. \""]}
,{"Name": "Ross syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Segmental loss of sweating"], "Effects": ["Anhidrosis", "Holmes-Adie syndrome"], "Parents": ["Dysautonomia"]}
,{"Name": "Paracrystalline inclusion", "Causes": ["Mitochondrial myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes"], "Parents": ["Muscle biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Perihepatitis", "Synonyms": ["Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome", "Curtis-Fitz-Hugh syndrome"], "Causes": ["Gonorrhoea", "Chlamydia trachomatis infection"], "Effects": ["Hepatic friction rub"]}
,{"Name": "Bromide", "Synonyms": ["Potassium bromide", "Bromine", "Bromism", "KBr"], "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Decreased concentration", "Somnolescence", "Coma", "Hyporeflexia", "Physiological tremor", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Papilloedema", "Aggression", "Psychosis", "Acrodermatitis", "Asthma", "Chronic headache"], "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary Fanconi syndrome", "Causes": ["Cystinosis", "Nephropathic hereditary cystinosis", "Galactosaemia", "Fructosaemia", "Tyrosinemia", "Wilson's disease", "Lowe syndrome", "Von Gierke disease"], "Parents": ["Fanconi syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Proximal tubular dysfunction:\nExcessive loss of substances in the urine eg amino acids", "glucose", "phosphate", "bicarbonate", "in the absence of high plasma concentrations\n\nInheritance variable.\nAutosomal dominant or Recessive or X-Linked recessive.\nCystinosis is the commonest cause in childhood.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Post encephalitic syndrome", "Effects": ["Neurological mental disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Thrombolysis", "Synonyms": ["Thrombolytic agent", "Clot-buster"], "Effects": ["Bigeminy", "Ventricular extrasystole", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Cardiac drug"], "Children": ["Streptokinase", "Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator"], "Treats": ["Myocardial infarction", "Major pulmonary embolus", "Cerebral infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Iridectomy", "Effects": ["Dilated pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"], "Treats": ["Synechia", "Acute glaucoma"]}
,{"Name": "Dysentery", "Causes": ["Amoebic dysentery", "Cholera", "Campylobacter jejuni", "Shigella", "Salmonella", "Escherichia coli O157:H7"], "Effects": ["Bloody diarrhoea", "Blood in faeces", "Pus in faeces", "Reiter's syndrome"], "Description": ["\"blood or pus in diarrhoea\""]}
,{"Name": "Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Synonyms": ["Rickettsia rickettsi", "Black measles", "Sau Paulo fever", "Fiebre manchada", "Tobia fever", "myalg"], "Causes": ["Tic bite"], "Effects": ["Macular rash", "Myalgia", "Arthralgia", "Abdominal pain", "Renal failure", "Bleeding disorder", "Coagulating toxin", "Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Tic-borne typhus", "Rickettsia", "Tic-borne bacterial disease", "Ten serious rashes"], "Treatments": ["Doxycycline"], "Description": ["\"Called black measles because of its characteristic rash.\nCentripetal rash.\n\nMost lethal and most frequently reported rickettsial illness in USA.\""]}
,{"Name": "Lymphocytic bronchoalveolar lavage", "Synonyms": ["Lymphocytic BAL"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary sarcoidosis", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis", "Usual interstitial pneumonia", "Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Bronchoalveolar lavage"], "Description": ["\"Denotes good response in fibrosing alveolitis\""]}
,{"Name": "Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea", "Synonyms": ["PND"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary oedema", "Fluid overload"], "Parents": ["Cardiovascular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Acral melanoma", "Parents": ["Malignant melanoma"], "Description": ["\"on the palms", "soles", "or beneath the nail\nnot related to sun exposure\naffects all skin types \""]}
,{"Name": "WAS gene mutation", "Effects": ["Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus  Xp11.4-p11.21\""]}
,{"Name": "Pelvic mass", "Causes": ["Ovarian tumour", "Uterine fibroid"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Ascitic tap", "Synonyms": ["Peritoneal tap", "Drainage of ascites", "Paracentesis"], "Parents": ["Investigation", "Procedure"], "Children": ["Ascitic lymphocytosis"], "Treats": ["Ascites"]}
,{"Name": "Speech sign", "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Dysarthria", "Dysphonia", "Monotonous speech", "Hot potato speech", "Donald duck speech"]}
,{"Name": "Fissures", "Causes": ["Crohn's disease"]}
,{"Name": "Palmoplantar pit", "Causes": ["Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Oral trauma", "Causes": ["Sharp teeth", "Dental filling", "Dental crown", "Dental braces", "Caustic soda", "Burn"], "Effects": ["Oral ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Increased R wave amplitude", "Causes": ["Prinzmetal angina"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Poorly controlled diabetes", "Synonyms": ["Poor diabetic control"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Effects": ["Recurrent miscarriage", "Candida albicans", "Miscarriage"]}
,{"Name": "Vesico-ureteric reflux", "Effects": ["Urinary tract infection", "Hydronephrosis", "Pyelonephritis"], "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"], "Description": ["\"UTI present in 40%\""]}
,{"Name": "Acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy", "Synonyms": ["AMPPPE"], "Effects": ["Cerebral vasculitis"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoactive delirium", "Parents": ["Delirium"]}
,{"Name": "Monophonic wheeze", "Causes": ["Bronchial carcinoma", "Primary tuberculosis"], "Parents": ["Wheeze"], "Children": ["Pulmonary crackles"], "Description": ["\"loud", "continuous sounds occurring in inspiration", "expiration or throughout the respiratory cycle. \nThe constant pitch of these sounds creates a musical tone. \nThe single tone suggests the narrowing of a larger airway.\""]}
,{"Name": "Facial surgery", "Effects": ["Ptosis", "Cosmetic disfigurement"], "Parents": ["Surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Myoglobinuria", "Causes": ["Rhabdomyolysis", "Glycogen storage disorder type V", "Paroxysmal myoglobinuria", "Crush Injury syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dark urine", "Acute kidney injury"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital neoplastic syndrome", "Parents": ["Hereditary neoplasia"], "Children": ["Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Familial adenomatous polyposis coli", "Gardener's syndrome", "Cronkhite-Canada syndrome", "Turcot syndrome", "Cowden disease", "Hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome", "Phakomatosis", "Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome", "Li-Fraumeni syndrome", "Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome", "Bannayan-Zonana syndrome", "WAGR syndrome", "Hereditary multiple exostoses", "Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome"], "Description": ["\"These syndromes show a high life time risk of developing:\n1) cancer \n2) multiple independent primary tumors. \n\nMany of these syndromes are caused by mutations in tumor suppressor genes.\""]}
,{"Name": "Autism spectrum disorder", "Synonyms": ["Autistic syndrome"], "Causes": ["Fragile X syndrome", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation"], "Parents": ["Childhood mental disorder"], "Children": ["Asperger disease"], "Description": ["\"impaired social interaction", "imapired verbal and non-verbal communication", "restricted and repetitive behavior\""]}
,{"Name": "Scald", "Effects": ["Thermal injury"]}
,{"Name": "Electrical alternans", "Causes": ["Cardiac tamponade"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Description": ["\"Alternating QRS morphologies\""]}
,{"Name": "Fat necrosis", "Causes": ["Trauma", "Breast Biopsy", "Breast surgery"], "Effects": ["Breast lump"], "Parents": ["Breast disease"], "Description": ["\"Lipase releases fatty acids from fat. \r\nFatty acids combine with Calcium  (chalky white deposits)\r\n\r\nCauses -blunt trauma. \r\n            - breast biopsy/surgery\r\nPresents as hard lump- mimicks breast cancer.\r\nDiagnosis  is by biopsy/excision\""]}
,{"Name": "Sulphamethoxazole", "Synonyms": ["Sulfamethoxazole"], "Effects": ["Kernicterus", "Noninfective meningitis"], "Parents": ["Sulphonamide", "P450 enzyme inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Shigella"]}
,{"Name": "Lower limb symptom", "Synonyms": ["Leg symptom"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Swelling of ankles", "Calf pain", "Knee pain", "Bowed legs"]}
,{"Name": "Thrusting apex", "Synonyms": ["Volume overloaded apex beat", "Forceful unsustained apex beat", "Hyperdynamic apex"], "Causes": ["Mitral regurgitation", "Aortic regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign", "Forceful apex beat"]}
,{"Name": "Unverricht-Lundborg disease", "Effects": ["Myoclonus", "Metabolic epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic airway obstruction", "Causes": ["Asthma", "Upper airway obstruction"], "Effects": ["Pectus carinatum", "Harrison's sulcus"]}
,{"Name": "Baclofen", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Treats": ["Increased muscle tone"]}
,{"Name": "Non-nodal lymphoid mass", "Synonyms": ["Extranodal lymphoid tumour"], "Causes": ["Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Burkitt lymphoma"]}
,{"Name": "Prostatitis", "Causes": ["Ankylosing spondylitis"]}
,{"Name": "Urological disease", "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Renal calculi", "Kidney carcinoma", "Wilm's tumour", "Pelviureteric junction obstruction", "Transitional cell carcinoma of ureter", "Chronic urinary tract obstruction", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Prostate cancer", "Benign prostatic hypertrophy", "Bladder outflow obstruction", "Detrusor Failure", "Detrusor instability", "Urinary incontinence", "Bladder calculus", "Testicular torsion", "Urinary fistula"]}
,{"Name": "Psoralen and ultraviolet-A light", "Synonyms": ["PUVA"], "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Psoriasis", "Alopecia areata", "Mycosis fungoides", "Lichen planus"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchiolitis obliterans", "Synonyms": ["Obliterative bronchiolitis"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid disease", "Usual interstitial pneumonia", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"], "Parents": ["Parenchymal lung disease"], "Children": ["Bronchiolitis obliterans with organising pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Moon face", "Causes": ["Cushing syndrome", "Albright's osteodystrophy"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Wartenberg syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Cheiralgia paraesthetica", "Numb thumb"], "Effects": ["Radial nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Entrapment neuropathy"], "Description": ["\"Superficial branch of radial nerve \""]}
,{"Name": "Clostridium perfringens", "Causes": ["Undercooked meat", "Cooked meat"], "Effects": ["Gas gangrene", "Necrotising fasciitis"], "Parents": ["Clostridium"]}
,{"Name": "Preauricular sinus", "Synonyms": ["Ear pit", "Congenital auricular sinus"], "Causes": ["Trisomy 22", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Livedo reticularis", "Causes": ["Primary vasculitis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Bronchial carcinoma", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Cholesterol embolus", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Homocystinuria", "Cryoglobulinaemia", "Hyperviscosity", "Cold weather", "Amantadine"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"Reticulated vascular pattern ( lace-like purplish discoloration) of  skin.\nSwelling of venules due to obstruction by thrombi.\""]}
,{"Name": "Microcephaly", "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome", "Trisomy 22", "Cri-du-chat syndrome", "Fanconi anaemia", "Fetal alcohol syndrome", "Aicardi syndrome", "DiGeorge syndrome", "Congenital varicella syndrome"], "Parents": ["Congenital head malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Antiviral agent", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Amantadine", "Anti-retroviral agent", "Ribvarin", "Acyclovir", "Tenofovir", "Entecavir"]}
,{"Name": "Amniotic membrane transplant", "Parents": ["Ophthalmological surgery"], "Treats": ["Pterygium of the eye"]}
,{"Name": "Lupus nephropathy", "Synonyms": ["SLE nephropathy"], "Causes": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Effects": ["Proliferative glomerulonephritis", "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition", "Acquired complement deficiency", "Wire-loop appearance of membrane"]}
,{"Name": "Morganella morganii", "Parents": ["Enterobacteriaceae"]}
,{"Name": "Increased red cell turnover", "Causes": ["Polycythaemia rubra vera"], "Effects": ["Splenomegaly", "High plasma urate"]}
,{"Name": "Travellers' myelitis", "Causes": ["Schistosomia japonicum"], "Effects": ["Transverse myelitis"]}
,{"Name": "Bilateral acoustic neuroma", "Causes": ["Neurofibromatosis II"], "Effects": ["Acoustic neuroma"]}
,{"Name": "Appetite disturbance", "Synonyms": ["Appetite disorder"], "Parents": ["Vegetative function disturbance"], "Children": ["Eating disorder", "Anorexia", "Hyperphagia"]}
,{"Name": "Hernia", "Causes": ["Peritoneal dialysis"], "Parents": ["Surgical pathology"], "Children": ["Bowel hernia", "Morgagni hernia"]}
,{"Name": "Carbimazole", "Synonyms": ["Methimazole"], "Effects": ["Neutropenia", "Aplastic anaemia", "Hypothyroidism", "Pruritus", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Chronic headache"], "Parents": ["Antithyroid drug", "Teratogenic drug"], "Treats": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Graves disease"]}
,{"Name": "Cetirizine", "Synonyms": ["Zirtec"], "Parents": ["Non-sedating antihistamine", "H1-antagonist"], "Treats": ["Urticaria"]}
,{"Name": "Cheese", "Effects": ["Migraine", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Tyramine", "Listeria monocytogenes"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Paronychia", "Synonyms": ["Nail-fold infection", "Nail fold infection"], "Causes": ["Group A streptococcus", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Orf", "Candida albicans"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Bacterial infections of skin"]}
,{"Name": "Beta adrenergic stimulation", "Causes": ["Myocardial infarction", "Beta adrenoceptor agonist", "Adrenaline", "Isoprenaline"], "Effects": ["Potassium redistribution", "Increased sympathetic tone", "Bronchodilation"]}
,{"Name": "Lacunar infarct", "Synonyms": ["Basal ganglia lacune", "Subcortical infarct"], "Causes": ["Vascular dementia"]}
,{"Name": "Sedative drug", "Synonyms": ["Hypnotic drug", "Sedation agent", "Sedating drug"], "Effects": ["Drowsiness", "Psychoactive substance use"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Benzodiazepine", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Barbiturate", "Diphenhydramine", "Antihistamine", "Clomethiazole"], "Treats": ["Insomnia"]}
,{"Name": "Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis", "Synonyms": ["Limited scleroderma", "lcSSc"], "Causes": ["Anticentromere antibody"], "Effects": ["CREST syndrome", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension", "Gastric antral vascular ectasia"], "Parents": ["Collagen vascular disease"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral autosomal dominant angiopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy", "Synonyms": ["CADASIL"], "Effects": ["Cerebral infarction", "Migraine"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Oxidative haemolysis", "Causes": ["Sulphonamide", "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Intravascular haemolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Common peroneal nerve palsy", "Effects": ["Foot drop", "Dorsum of foot sensory loss", "Lateral leg sensory loss"], "Parents": ["Mononeuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Lid lag", "Causes": ["Thyrotoxicosis"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin C deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Ascorbic acid deficiency"], "Causes": ["Inadequate diet", "Alcoholism", "Tuberculosis", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Dialysis"], "Effects": ["Scurvy"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Kawasaki disease", "Synonyms": ["Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome", "Kawasaki syndrome"], "Effects": ["Mucosal erosion", "Cervical lymphadenopathy", "Palmar erythema", "Palm and sole desquamation", "Coronary artery ectasia", "Coronary artery aneurysm", "Strawberry tongue", "Polyarthralgia", "Autoimmune conjunctivitis"], "Parents": ["Primary vasculitis", "Childhood heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "River blindness", "Synonyms": ["Onchocerca volvulus", "Onchocerciasis"], "Effects": ["Onchocercomatosis", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Interstitial keratitis"], "Parents": ["Filarial worm"], "Description": ["\"Blackfly vector\""]}
,{"Name": "Spastic tongue", "Causes": ["Pseudobulbar palsy", "Meige syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Desquamative interstitial pneumonia", "Synonyms": ["DIP"], "Parents": ["Interstitial pneumonitis"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Mean survival 12.4-14 years\n62% steroid responsive\n22% spontaneous remission\""]}
,{"Name": "Kidney carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["Renal carcinoma", "Renal tumour"], "Parents": ["Urinary tract carcinoma", "Intra-abdominal malignancy", "Urological disease"], "Children": ["Renal cell carcinoma", "Transitional cell carcinoma kidney"]}
,{"Name": "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Synonyms": ["G6P dehydrogenase deficiency", "G6PD deficiency", "Oxidative haemolysis", "Favism"], "Causes": ["G6PD gene mutation", "Dapsone", "Primaquine", "Chloroquine", "Sulphonamide", "Nitrofurantoin", "Hepatitis virus", "Pneumonia", "Typhoid fever", "Fava bean"], "Effects": ["Oxidative haemolysis", "Extravascular haemolysis", "Intravascular haemolysis", "Hereditary lactate acidosis", "Congenital methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Haematological pathology", "X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Oxidation product Glutathione usually protects against oxidation injury\n\nG6PD hemolysis is predominantly intravascular as hemolysis is due to increase oxidant stress inside RBC. \nThere is no structural abnormality in RBC.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Urethral stricture", "Causes": ["Urinary catheter", "Gonorrhoea", "Urethral injury", "WAGR syndrome"], "Effects": ["Bladder outflow obstruction"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary pathology", "Stricture"], "Treatments": ["Urethral dilatation", "Optical Urethrotomy"], "Description": ["\"Treatment:\n  - Urethral dilatation\n  - Optical Urethrotomy\n  - Urethroplasty\""]}
,{"Name": "Altered thought content", "Parents": ["Thought disturbance"], "Children": ["Delusion", "Morbid fear", "Overvalued idea"]}
,{"Name": "Absent ears", "Causes": ["Treacher Collins syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Acral gangrene", "Causes": ["Bubonic plague"], "Description": ["\"Gangrene of the extremities such as toes", "fingers", "lips and tip of the nose.\""]}
,{"Name": "Episcleritis", "Causes": ["Leprosy", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Scleromalacia perforans"], "Effects": ["Conjunctival injection"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Frontal lobe lesion", "Synonyms": ["Frontal lobe damage"], "Effects": ["Conductive aphasia", "Frontal release", "Gait apraxia", "Magnetic gait", "Apathy", "Alien limb", "Utilisation behaviour"], "Parents": ["Cerebral lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy", "Synonyms": ["Pruritic urticarial plaques of pregnancy", "PUPP"], "Causes": ["Pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Abdominal striae", "Pruritus"]}
,{"Name": "Artefactual high potassium", "Causes": ["Sample haemolysis", "Thrombocytosis", "Calcineurin inhibitor"], "Effects": ["Hyperkalaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Anterior uveitis", "Synonyms": ["Iritis"], "Effects": ["Eye pain", "Red eye", "Epiphora", "Photophobia", "Constricted pupil", "Dilated ciliary vessels", "Synechia", "Chronic glaucoma", "Acquired cataract"], "Parents": ["Uveitis"], "Children": ["Iritis", "Iridocyclitis"], "Description": ["\"Usually unilateral and recurrent\""]}
,{"Name": "Misoprostol", "Effects": ["Bowel irritation by drug", "Miscarriage"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"], "Treats": ["Gynaecological haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Noonan syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Noonan's syndrome"], "Causes": ["PTPNL gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Atrial septal defect", "Congenital pulmonary stenosis", "Low-set ears", "Shortened fourth metacarpal", "Ostium primum atrial septal defect", "High arched palate", "Congenital strabismus", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation", "Craniofacial syndromes"]}
,{"Name": "Bretylium", "Parents": ["Noradrenaline blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Atrioventricular dissociation", "Causes": ["Ventricular tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Weber syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Basilar artery occlusion"], "Effects": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Contralateral hemiplegia"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Sclerotic bone lesion", "Causes": ["Prostate cancer"], "Parents": ["Pathological fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Neutrophilic bronchoalveolar lavage", "Synonyms": ["Neutrophilic BAL"], "Causes": ["Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"], "Parents": ["Bronchoalveolar lavage"]}
,{"Name": "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Synonyms": ["Ogilvie syndrome", "Pseudo-obstruction"], "Causes": ["Systemic amyloidosis", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Parkinsonism", "Lead poisoning", "Phenothiazine", "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Hypothyroidism", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Polymyositis", "Dermatomyositis", "Trypanosoma cruzi", "Diabetes mellitus"], "Effects": ["Abdominal distension", "Abdominal colic", "Toxic megacolon", "Bowel obstruction"], "Parents": ["Obstruction", "Lower gastrointestinal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Dendritic ulcer", "Synonyms": ["Dendritic keratitis"], "Causes": ["Herpes simplex virus"], "Effects": ["Superficial keratitis"]}
,{"Name": "Positive Schober test", "Causes": ["Ankylosing spondylitis"], "Parents": ["Gait"], "Description": ["\"Increase in separation of less than 5 cm of a 15 cm line at the sacral promontory during bending forward.\""]}
,{"Name": "Astereognosis", "Synonyms": ["Impaired tactile recognition"], "Causes": ["Parietal lobe lesion"], "Description": ["\"Patients cannot tell what they are holding with their eyes closed\""]}
,{"Name": "Neuroacanthocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Chorea-acanthocytosis"], "Effects": ["Chorea", "Acanthocytosis"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Children": ["Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration"]}
,{"Name": "Facial asymmetry", "Causes": ["Paranasal sinus tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Electrocution", "Effects": ["Rhabdomyolysis", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Haemarthrosis", "Causes": ["Scurvy", "Bleeding disorder"], "Effects": ["Arthralgia", "Sterile inflammation"], "Parents": ["Arthropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Atenolol", "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker"], "Description": ["\"Beta 1 selective\""]}
,{"Name": "Crush Injury", "Synonyms": ["Compression injury"], "Effects": ["Soft tissue injury", "Crush Injury syndrome", "Compartment syndrome", "Fracture", "Fat embolus", "Contusion"], "Treatments": ["Hyperbaric oxygen therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Cobalamin deficiency"], "Causes": ["Decreased vitamin B12 intake", "Vitamin B12 malabsorption", "Increased vitamin B12 requirement", "Metformin"], "Effects": ["Megaloblastic anaemia", "Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord", "Vitamin deficiency neuropathy", "Large fibre neuropathy", "Pancytopaenia", "Geographic tongue", "Homocysteinaemia", "Methylmalonaturia", "Optic neuropathy", "Caecocentral scotoma", "Anaemia of pregnancy"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Tic-borne typhus", "Synonyms": ["Tic borne typhus", "Tick borne typhus"], "Effects": ["Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Typhus"], "Children": ["Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Fievre boutonneuse"]}
,{"Name": "Specific phobia", "Causes": ["Animal", "Insects", "Water", "Heights", "Air travel", "Darkness", "Blood-Injection-Injury", "Agoraphobia"], "Parents": ["Phobia"]}
,{"Name": "Yersinia pestis", "Synonyms": ["Plague", "Black death"], "Causes": ["Flea bite"], "Effects": ["Erythema nodosum"], "Parents": ["Enterobacteriaceae"], "Children": ["Pneumonic plague", "Bubonic plague"]}
,{"Name": "Ocular pathology", "Synonyms": ["Ophthalmological pathology", "Eye pathology"], "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Hordeolum", "Chalazion", "Ectropion", "Entropion", "Trichiasis", "Pinguecula", "Pterygium of the eye", "Conjunctivitis", "Superficial keratitis", "Interstitial keratitis", "Corneal opacity", "Corneal calcification", "Crystalline keratopathy", "Cataract", "Dislocation of lens", "Uveitis", "Synechia", "Glaucoma", "Coloboma", "Scleritis", "Episcleritis", "Scleromalacia perforans", "Posterior vitreous detachment", "Vitreous haemorrhage", "Macular degeneration", "Retinal vasculitis", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Optic neuropathy", "Choroidal haemangioma", "Retinal vein occlusion", "Macular oedema", "Ocular granuloma", "Terson syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Scleritis", "Causes": ["Rheumatoid disease", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Microscopic polyangiitis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Secondary syphilis", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Leprosy", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Gout", "Ocular sarcoidosis", "Ophthalmic herpes zoster"], "Effects": ["Scleromalacia perforans"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic constrictive pericarditis", "Causes": ["Irradiation", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Rheumatoid disease"], "Effects": ["Left atrial hypertrophy", "Pericardial knock", "Pulsus paradoxux", "Heart failure", "Cardiac tamponade", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Systemic venous congestion"], "Parents": ["Pericarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Streptococcus mitior", "Synonyms": ["Strep mitior"], "Parents": ["Alpha haemolytic streptococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Chrysotile", "Synonyms": ["White asbestos"], "Parents": ["Asbestos inhalation"]}
,{"Name": "Botulinum toxin", "Synonyms": ["Botox", "Botulinum toxicity", "Botulism"], "Causes": ["Clostridium botulinum"], "Effects": ["Flaccid paralysis", "Hyporeflexia", "Complex ophthalmoplegia"], "Parents": ["Exotoxin syndrome"], "Treats": ["Orofacial dyskinesia", "Blepharospasm", "Strabismus", "Wrinkles", "Ectropion", "Entropion", "Achalasia cardia", "Sweating"]}
,{"Name": "Fistulotomy", "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Treats": ["Perianal fistula"]}
,{"Name": "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Causes": ["HLA-B27", "Rheumatoid disease", "Still disease", "Interleukin-1", "Female gender", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Synovitis", "Raised ESR", "Hand pain", "Boutonniere deformity", "Swan-neck deformity", "Subluxation of metacarpophalangeal joint", "Ulnar deviation", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Arthritis mutilans", "Chondrocalcinosis", "Cervical spondylosis", "Osteoporosis", "Foot pain", "Baker's cyst"], "Parents": ["Collagen vascular disease", "Arthritis", "Inflammatory disease"], "Treatments": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Methotrexate", "Gold", "Penicillamine", "5-aminosalicylic acid", "Hydroxychloroquine", "Chloroquine", "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug", "Infliximab", "Raw fish", "Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Interferon gamma", "Synonyms": ["IFN gamma", "Interferon-gamma", "IFN-gamma", "Immune interferon", "Gamma interferon"], "Causes": ["T-cell activation", "Interleukin-1", "Interleukin-2", "Tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor"], "Effects": ["Anaemia of chronic disease", "Phagocyte activation", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"], "Treats": ["Osteopetrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Antalgic gait", "Synonyms": ["Painful gait"], "Causes": ["Knee pain", "Calf pain"], "Parents": ["Gait"]}
,{"Name": "Libmann-Sachs endocarditis", "Causes": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Effects": ["Aortic regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Endocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Microvasculitis", "Causes": ["Meningococcal septicaemia", "Septicaemia", "Infective endocarditis", "Rickettsiosis"], "Effects": ["Fragile blood vessel", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Purpura", "Increased systemic vascular permeability"]}
,{"Name": "Dysplastic Naevus", "Effects": ["Malignant transformation"], "Parents": ["Benign melanoma", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\" Pre-cancerous  20-30% incidence.\nAs high as 50% if family history of melanoma exists!Fdyspla\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Anti-progestogen", "Parents": ["Endocrine drug"]}
,{"Name": "Inverted nipples", "Causes": ["Turner syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Viral necrotising myositis", "Effects": ["Rhabdomyolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Uric acid stone", "Synonyms": ["Urate stone"], "Causes": ["High plasma urate", "Acidic urine", "Lesch Nyhan syndrome"], "Effects": ["Filling defect"], "Parents": ["Renal calculi"]}
,{"Name": "Late inspiratory crepitation", "Synonyms": ["Post-tussive rales"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary oedema"], "Parents": ["Crepitations"], "Description": ["\"Higher pitched than early inspiratory crackles.\nThey do not clear with coughing. (Post tussive rales)\""]}
,{"Name": "Methylxanthine", "Parents": ["Phosphodiesterase inhibitor", "Vasodilator"], "Children": ["Theophylline"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudopelade", "Synonyms": ["Idiopathic scarring hair loss"], "Effects": ["Scarring alopecia"]}
,{"Name": "Heights", "Effects": ["Specific phobia"]}
,{"Name": "Capillary telagiectasia", "Parents": ["Vascular malformation of brain"]}
,{"Name": "Carbon tetrachloride", "Synonyms": ["CCl4"], "Effects": ["Acute tubular necrosis"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Ileal resection", "Synonyms": ["Ileectomy"], "Effects": ["Vitamin B12 malabsorption", "Bowel bacterial overgrowth", "Bile salt malabsorption", "Short bowel syndrome"], "Parents": ["Bowel surgery"], "Treats": ["Crohn's disease"]}
,{"Name": "Sweet disease", "Synonyms": ["Febrile neutrophilic dermatosis", "Acute neutrophilic dermatosis", "Sweet syndrome"], "Causes": ["Acute myeloid leukaemia", "Myelodysplastic syndrome"], "Effects": ["Positive pathergy test", "Neutrophilic leukocytosis"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"Plum coloured plaques on dorum of hand\""]}
,{"Name": "Mid-systolic click", "Causes": ["Mitral valve prolapse", "Hamman sign"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Actinomycin D", "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug", "Antibiotic"]}
,{"Name": "Leukaemia", "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Phosphorus-32"], "Effects": ["Bone marrow infiltration", "Hyperviscosity", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Monospot test positive", "Roth spots", "Cotton wool exudate", "Moderate splenomegaly", "Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Haematological malignancy"], "Children": ["Lymphoid leukaemia", "Myeloid leukaemia", "Acute leukaemia", "Langerhans cell histiocytosis"], "Description": ["\"25% CLL\n15% CML\""]}
,{"Name": "Thyroglossal cyst", "Effects": ["Neck swelling"], "Parents": ["Cyst", "Head and neck malformation", "Neck lump"]}
,{"Name": "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Synonyms": ["Drug induced hepatitis", "Drug hepatotoxicity"], "Causes": ["Isoniazid", "Methyldopa", "Phenytoin", "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor", "Rifampicin", "Capreomycin", "Isotretinoin", "Halothane", "Methotrexate", "5-aminosalicylic acid", "Pyrazinamide", "Amiodarone", "Nifedipine", "Azathioprine", "Sulphasalazine"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Salad", "Effects": ["Food poisoning", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Listerosis", "Norovirus"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Gram positive bacillus", "Synonyms": ["Gram positive rod"], "Parents": ["Bacterial infection"], "Children": ["Clostridium", "Corynebacterium diphtheriae", "Bacillus anthracis", "Listeria monocytogenes", "Actinomyces", "Nocardia", "Tropheryma whippelii", "Propionibacterium acnes"]}
,{"Name": "Idiopathic urticaraia", "Parents": ["Urticaria"]}
,{"Name": "Lower gastrointestinal pathology", "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal pathology"], "Children": ["Infective gastroenteritis", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Sprue", "Whipple's disease", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Decreased gut motility", "Appendicitis", "Meckels diverticulum", "Intussusception", "Small bowel tumour", "Ileal stricture", "Colonic polyp", "Toxic megacolon", "Pseudomembranous colitis", "Diverticular disease", "Colonic stricture", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Villous adenoma of rectum", "Angiodysplasia of colon", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Pseudodiverticuli", "Solitary rectal ulcer", "CMV proctitis", "Submucous lipoma"]}
,{"Name": "Hypochondriacal delusion", "Synonyms": ["Hypochondriasis"], "Parents": ["Delusion"]}
,{"Name": "Testicular swelling", "Synonyms": ["Testicular lump", "Testicular mass"], "Causes": ["Orchitis", "Testicular tumour"], "Effects": ["Scrotal swelling"], "Parents": ["Lump"]}
,{"Name": "Scalloped vertebrae", "Causes": ["Abdominal aortic aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Codanthramer", "Parents": ["Laxative"]}
,{"Name": "Paranoid delusion", "Synonyms": ["Paranoia"], "Parents": ["Delusion"]}
,{"Name": "Gastrointestinal lymphoma", "Synonyms": ["MALT lymphoma", "MALToma", "Small bowel lymphoma"], "Causes": ["Coeliac disease", "Helicobacter pylori"], "Effects": ["Protein-losing enteropathy", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Fingernail clubbing"], "Parents": ["Lymphoma", "Small bowel tumour", "Intra-abdominal malignancy"]}
,{"Name": "Separation anxiety", "Parents": ["Anxiety disorder"], "Description": ["\"anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment\""]}
,{"Name": "Familial hyperaldosteronism", "Effects": ["Conn syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Burning chest pain", "Causes": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"], "Parents": ["Chest pain"]}
,{"Name": "High urine copper", "Causes": ["Wilson's disease"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Shigella", "Synonyms": ["Shiga toxin"], "Effects": ["Dysentery", "Travellers' diarrhoea", "Bacterial gastroenteritis", "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Enterobacteriaceae", "Exotoxin syndrome", "Contagious disease"], "Treatments": ["Sulphamethoxazole"]}
,{"Name": "Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt", "Synonyms": ["TIPS"], "Parents": ["Radiological procedure"], "Treats": ["Ruptured oesophageal varices"], "Description": ["\"Transjuglar Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt\""]}
,{"Name": "Manganese deficiency", "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Fragile blood vessel"], "Parents": ["Mineral deficiency"], "Treatments": ["Manganese"]}
,{"Name": "Low triiodothyronine", "Synonyms": ["Low T3"], "Causes": ["Sick euthyroidism"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Dysconjugate gaze paresis", "Synonyms": ["Disjunct gaze palsy", "Disconjugate ophthalmoplegia"], "Effects": ["Acquired strabismus"], "Parents": ["Ophthalmoplegia"], "Children": ["Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Skew deviation", "Down and out eyeball", "Abduction deficit"]}
,{"Name": "Tranexamic acid", "Parents": ["Antifibrinolytic drug"], "Treats": ["Epistaxis", "Menorrhagia", "Post-partum haemorrhage", "Extensive surgery"], "Description": ["\"Antifibrinolytic\nfrequently used in surgeries with high risk of blood loss such as cardiac", "liver", "vascular and large orthopedic procedures.\""]}
,{"Name": "Thyrotoxicosis", "Synonyms": ["Hyperthyroidism", "Thyrotoxic syndrome"], "Causes": ["Graves disease", "Multinodular goitre", "Thyroid adenoma", "Thyrotrophin-secreting pituitary adenoma", "Thyroxine", "Subacute thyroiditis", "Amiodarone", "High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Post-partum thyroiditis", "Struma ovarii", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"], "Effects": ["Increased Basal Metabolic rate", "Sweaty palm", "Sinus tachycardia", "Atrial fibrillation", "Physiological tremor", "Metabolic neuropathy", "Proximal myopathy", "Increased gut motility", "Lid lag", "Lid retraction", "Hypertension", "Hypercalcaemia", "Osteoporosis", "Thyroid Crisis", "Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis", "High total thyroxine", "Low thyroid stimulating hormone", "Onycholysis", "Increased vitamin B12 requirement", "Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis malfunction", "Myxoid degeneration", "Gynaecomastia", "Impotence", "Splenomegaly", "Fasciculation", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Late puberty", "Telangiectasia", "Tall stature", "Lag storage curve", "High cardiac output state", "Sweating", "Fetal tachycardia", "Organic mood disorder", "Hypercatabolic state", "Fever of unknown origin", "Fever", "Night sweats", "Weight loss"], "Parents": ["Thyroid disease", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Treatments": ["Carbimazole", "Radioiodine therapy", "Thiouracil"], "Description": ["\"30% have proximal myopathy\""]}
,{"Name": "Lithium", "Synonyms": ["Li"], "Effects": ["Hypercalcaemia", "Psoriasis", "Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "Fasciculation", "Hypothyroidism", "Raised thyroid stimulating hormone", "Hypernatraemia", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Opisthotonus", "Hyperthermia", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism"], "Parents": ["Drug secreted in breast milk", "Mood stabiliser", "Teratogenic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Clofibrate", "Effects": ["Cholelithiasis", "High high density lipoprotein", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Lipid-lowering drug"], "Treats": ["Hypercholesterolaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Orbital injury", "Effects": ["Acquired strabismus"]}
,{"Name": "Efavirenz", "Effects": ["Nightmare", "Emotional lability"], "Parents": ["Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor", "Teratogenic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoplastic frontal sinus", "Causes": ["Kartagener syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Tactile hallucination", "Parents": ["Hallucination"]}
,{"Name": "Ephedrine", "Parents": ["Sympathomimetic"]}
,{"Name": "Bartonella", "Parents": ["Obligate intracellular prokaryote"], "Children": ["Cat scratch fever"]}
,{"Name": "Purulent cerebrospinal fluid", "Synonyms": ["Purulent CSF", "Turbid cerebropinal fluid", "Turbid CSF", "Cloudy CSF"], "Causes": ["Bacterial meningitis"], "Parents": ["Lumbar puncture"]}
,{"Name": "Morning stiffness", "Causes": ["Spondylosis", "Osteoarthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Rovsing's sign", "Causes": ["Appendicitis"], "Effects": ["Right iliac fossa pain"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"], "Description": ["\"pain in right iliac fossa on palpation of the left iliac fossa\""]}
,{"Name": "Peaches and cream complexion", "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism"], "Effects": ["Facial flushing"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Tannate", "Effects": ["Iron malabsorption"], "Description": ["\"Found in tea\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Acute Osteomyelitis", "Causes": ["Haemodialysis", "Urinary catheter", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Acute mastoiditis"], "Parents": ["Osteomyelitis"], "Treatments": ["Abscess drainage", "Flucloxacillin", "Sequestercetomy"]}
,{"Name": "Atracurium", "Parents": ["Non-depolarising blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Agnosia", "Synonyms": ["Recognition error"], "Causes": ["Semantic dementia"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Trisomy", "Synonyms": ["Polyploidy"], "Causes": ["Non-disjunction"], "Parents": ["Karyotypic abnormality"], "Children": ["Down syndrome", "Edward's syndrome", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Patau syndrome", "Trisomy 9", "XYY syndrome", "Trisomy 22"]}
,{"Name": "Pfeiffer syndrome", "Effects": ["Craniosynostosis"]}
,{"Name": "Nuclear radiology finding", "Synonyms": ["Nuclear medicine scan"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Low radioiodine uptake", "Positive ventilation-perfusion scan"]}
,{"Name": "Hot compresses", "Treats": ["Hordeolum", "Dacryocystitis", "Chalazion"]}
,{"Name": "Dimorphic blood film", "Synonyms": ["Dimorphic red cell population"], "Causes": ["Combined B12 and iron deficiency", "Combined folate and iron deficiency", "Blood transfusion", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Iron deficiency anaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Carbenoxolone", "Effects": ["Hypokalaemia", "Renal fluid retention"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"]}
,{"Name": "Tuberculosis", "Synonyms": ["TB"], "Causes": ["Mycobacterium tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Primary tuberculosis", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Hypervitaminosis D", "Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Caseous necrosis", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Caseating granuloma", "Vitamin C deficiency", "Positive Mantoux test", "Positive tuberculin test", "Bloody pleural effusion", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Bowel stricture", "Pneumonectomy", "Fever of unknown origin", "Night sweats", "Weight loss"], "Parents": ["Notifiable disease", "Chronic bacterial infection", "Contagious disease"], "Treats": ["Rifabutin"]}
,{"Name": "Colectomy", "Parents": ["Bowel surgery"], "Children": ["Right hemicolectomy", "Hartmann procedure", "Panproctocolectomy"], "Treats": ["Ischaemic colitis"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired methaemoglobinemia", "Causes": ["Nitrates", "Lignocaine", "Dapsone", "Primaquine", "Sulphonamide", "Potassium perchlorate", "Cyclophosphamide", "Silver sufadiazine", "Nitroprusside", "Aniline", "Septicaemia", "Cigarette smoking"], "Effects": ["Hypoxaemia", "Mental retardation", "Blue-grey skin pigmentation"], "Parents": ["Methaemoglobinaemia", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"More common than congenital variety\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Overwhelming infection", "Effects": ["Increased neutrophil destruction"]}
,{"Name": "Pediculosis corporis", "Parents": ["Parasitic infection"]}
,{"Name": "Needle Aspiration", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Liver abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Systemic amyloidosis", "Synonyms": ["Amyloidosis", "Amyloid disease"], "Causes": ["Immunocyte dyscrasia", "Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance", "Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy"], "Effects": ["Fragile blood vessel", "Renal amyloidosis", "Macroglossia", "Splenomegaly", "Metabolic neuropathy", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Paraproteinaemia", "Infiltrative cardiomyopathy", "Mucocutaneous petaechiae", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Small fibre neuropathy", "Cutis laxa", "Hyposplenism"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Amyloid light chain", "Amyloid precursor protein", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Raised beta-2 microglobulin", "Raised amyloid A protein", "Transthyretin-related familial amyloid polyneuropathy"], "Description": ["\"Deposition of normally-soluble protein\""]}
,{"Name": "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Synonyms": ["Hypoadrenalism", "Addisonism", "Adrenocortical hypofunction"], "Causes": ["Addison disease", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Adrenal haemorrhage", "Metastasis", "Panhypopituitarism", "21-hydroxylase deficiency", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Nelson syndrome", "Coccidioides immitis", "Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Adrenal insufficiency alacrima and achalasia syndrome"], "Effects": ["Low glucocorticoid", "Decreased aldosterone", "Increased ACTH", "No response to synacthen"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"], "Children": ["Adrenal crisis"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Hydrocortisone", "Corticosteroid"], "Description": ["\"Treatment of Adrenal crisis \nIntravenous fluids\nIntravenous hydrocortisone \n\nPatients with AI require additional glucocorticoid doses during severe illness or surgery.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Janeway lesion", "Causes": ["Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Description": ["\"Non-tender", "red  macular or nodular lesions on the palms or soles.\n\nDifferential Diagnosis:\nOsler nodes: painful", "red", "raised lesions found on the hands and feet.\""]}
,{"Name": "Alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist", "Parents": ["Alpha adrenoceptor agonist"], "Children": ["Metaraminol"]}
,{"Name": "Glycine", "Effects": ["Toxic encephalopathy"], "Description": ["\"Used as irrigation fluid during transurethral prostatectomy and can be absorbed.\""]}
,{"Name": "Froin syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Spinal block", "Spinal CSF blockage"], "Causes": ["Spinal cord compression", "Bacterial meningitis"], "Effects": ["Xanthochromic CSF", "Elevated protein in CSF"], "Description": ["\"Findings below the lesion\""]}
,{"Name": "Perseveration", "Causes": ["Frontotemporal dementia"], "Parents": ["Disconnected thought", "Cognitive disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Malignant melanoma", "Causes": ["Fair skin", "Sun exposure", "Immunosuppression", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Xeroderma pigmentosa", "Amelanosis", "Levodopa", "Congenital melanocytic naevus", "Polygenic inheritance", "BRCA2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Liver metastasis", "Lung metastasis", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Cancers with polygenic inheritance"], "Parents": ["Skin Tumours"], "Children": ["Superficial spreading melanoma", "Lentigo maligna", "Lentigo maligna melanoma", "Acral melanoma", "Subungual melanoma"], "Treatments": ["Wide excision", "Lymphadenectomy", "Chemotheraputic drug", "Radiotherapy", "Cytotoxic drug"], "Description": ["\"SITES\nMen -  the back;  Women -  legs\nMucosal sites - Oral cavity", "GI tract", "vagina", "anus\nRarely -  eye\n\nWARNING SIGNS = ABCDE\nAsymmetry -Two halves of  lesion are not the same\nBorder - Borders of  lesion are irregular\nColor - Color varies from one area to another\nDiameter - greater than 6 mm in diameter\nEvolution - Lesions that change or evolve:\n  \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Getting bigger\n  \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Changing shape\n  \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Changing colour\n  \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Becomes Itchy or painful\n  \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Bleeding or becoming crusty\n  \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Looking inflamed\n  \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Satellite lesions appear\n\nHISTOLOGY : \n  - Thickness of melanoma in millimetres (Breslow depth)\n\nPROGNOSIS:\n1. Breslow thickness <0.75mm carries good prognosis\n2. Lymph node mets - 5yr survival = 30%\n3. Stage\n      Stage 1 = 90%\n      Stage 2 = 80%\n      Stage 3 = 50%\n      Stage 4 = 10%\n\nSTAGING:\nThis is based on:\n1. Breslow thickness\n2. Ulceration\n3. Lymph nodes\n4. Distant spread\""]}
,{"Name": "Proton pump inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["PPI"], "Effects": ["Gynaecomastia", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Hypocalcaemia"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal drug"], "Children": ["Omeprazole", "Lansoprazole"], "Treats": ["Gastritis", "Peptic ulcer", "Stress ulcer", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Helicobacter pylori", "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Perindopril", "Parents": ["Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Night blindness", "Synonyms": ["Night-blindness", "Loss of rod vision", "Dark blindness"], "Causes": ["Vitamin A deficiency", "Sialidosis"], "Parents": ["Blindness"]}
,{"Name": "Weight loss", "Synonyms": ["Cachexia", "Wasting away"], "Causes": ["Anorexia", "Malignancy", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Type I diabetes mellitus", "Malnutrition", "Malabsorption state", "Addison disease", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Carcinoma of breast", "Chronic liver disease", "Tuberculosis", "Hyperemesis gravidarum", "Brucellosis", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Polymyalgia rheumatica", "Glucagonoma", "Fasciola hepatica", "Haemochromatosis"], "Effects": ["Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis malfunction"], "Parents": ["Constitutional symptom"], "Treats": ["Type II diabetes mellitus", "Hypertension", "Coronary artery disease", "Cholelithiasis", "Gestational diabetes", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Osteoarthritis", "Back pain", "Sleep apnoea", "Stress incontinence", "Alzheimer disease", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Carcinoma of breast", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Uterine cancer"]}
,{"Name": "CMV nephritis", "Causes": ["Cytomegalovirus", "Kidney transplant"], "Effects": ["Renal tubular damage"], "Parents": ["Nephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Treatment", "Synonyms": ["Management"], "Children": ["Medical treatment", "Surgery", "Oncological Therapy", "Physiotherapy", "Occupational therapy", "Procedure", "Device"]}
,{"Name": "Post-nasal drip", "Causes": ["Nasal polyp"], "Parents": ["Rhinology"]}
,{"Name": "Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy sign", "Synonyms": ["Gastroscopy sign", "OGD sign", "Gastroscopic sign"], "Children": ["Oesophagitis", "Gastritis", "Duodenitis", "Peptic ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Alcoholism", "Synonyms": ["Excessive drinking", "Excessive alcohol intake", "Chronic alcohol consumption"], "Causes": ["Alcohol", "Depression"], "Effects": ["Alcoholic liver disease", "Thiamine deficiency", "Chronic gastritis", "Peptic ulcer", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Osteoporosis", "Decreased folic acid intake", "Folic acid malabsorption", "Non-megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "High plasma urate", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Alcoholic foetor", "Ketosis", "Plethoric face", "Pseudocushings", "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Stomatocytosis", "Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome", "Hypophosphataemia", "Vitamin C deficiency", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx", "Obesity", "Fetal alcohol syndrome", "Re-feeding syndrome", "Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Treatments": ["Disulfiram", "Alcohol withdrawal"]}
,{"Name": "Beta adrenoceptor agonist", "Synonyms": ["Beta-agonist", "Beta adrenergic agonist", "Beta agonist"], "Effects": ["Beta adrenergic stimulation", "Positive inotropic effect", "Insomnia"], "Parents": ["Adrenoceptor drug"], "Children": ["Salbutamol", "Dobutamine", "Isoprenaline"]}
,{"Name": "Foot sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Pes cavus", "Pes planus", "Foot drop", "Club foot", "Sandal gap", "Babinski sign positive", "Equinus foot deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Otological disease", "Synonyms": ["Otology disease"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat disease"], "Children": ["Otitis media", "Glue ear", "Otitis externa", "Mastoiditis"]}
,{"Name": "Heartburn", "Causes": ["Oesophagitis", "Trichinellosis"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Sotos syndrome", "Effects": ["Fetal macrosomia"]}
,{"Name": "Demyelination", "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"], "Children": ["Demyelination of peripheral nerve", "Demyelination of central nervous system", "Leukodystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Diphtheria", "Synonyms": ["Elongation factor-2 secretion"], "Causes": ["Corynebacterium diphtheriae"], "Effects": ["Tonsillitis", "False faucial membrane", "Diphtheric neuropathy", "Mainly motor neuropathy", "Myocarditis"], "Parents": ["Exotoxin syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-TTG antibody"], "Effects": ["Coeliac disease"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding", "Synonyms": ["Idiopathic menorrhagia", "DUB"], "Causes": ["Oral contraceptive pill", "Anovulatory cycle", "Uterine fibroid", "Uterine cancer"], "Effects": ["Menorrhagia"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological haemorrhage"], "Treatments": ["Oral contraceptive pill", "Progestogen", "Dilatation and Curettage", "Hysterectomy", "Endometrial ablation"], "Description": ["\"occurs at e beginning and end of  reproductive years: \n\n20% occur in adolescent girls", "50% occur in women older than 45\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Rupture bladder", "Causes": ["Abdominal trauma"], "Effects": ["Extravasation of urine"]}
,{"Name": "Embolectomy", "Parents": ["Vascular surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Nephroureterctomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Transitional cell carcinoma kidney"]}
,{"Name": "Type IV hypersensitivity reaction", "Parents": ["Hypersensitivity reaction"], "Children": ["Katayama fever", "Phlycten"]}
,{"Name": "Proximal myopathy", "Synonyms": ["Proximal muscle weakness"], "Causes": ["Cushing syndrome", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Acromegaly", "Hypothyroidism", "Eaton-Lambert syndrome", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Glycogen storage disorder type II", "Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy", "Nemaline rod myopathy", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy"], "Effects": ["Waddling gait", "Gower sign", "Frequent falls"], "Parents": ["Myopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Incomplete voiding", "Synonyms": ["Incomplete emptying of bladder"], "Parents": ["Lower urinary tract symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoplastic clavicle", "Synonyms": ["Clavicular hypoplasia"], "Causes": ["Cranio-cleido dysostosis"], "Parents": ["Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Propranolol", "Effects": ["Bowel irritation by drug"], "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Anti-migraine drug"], "Treats": ["Oesophageal varices", "Portal hypertension", "Benign essential tremor"]}
,{"Name": "Cervical cancer", "Causes": ["Human papilloma virus 16", "Human papilloma virus 18", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Cigarette smoking", "Multiparity", "Human papilloma virus"], "Effects": ["Post-menopausal bleeding", "Vaginal discharge", "Ureteric obstruction", "Mid-cycle bleeding"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological cancer", "Gynaecological disease"], "Treatments": ["Cone Biopsy", "Cryosurgery", "Laser therapy", "Hysterectomy", "Radiotherapy", "Pelvic irradiation", "Brachytherapy", "Cisplatin"], "Description": ["\"85% =Squamous carcinoma.  \r\n\r\nPAP SMEAR SCREENING\r\nSpecificity : 70%\r\nSensitivity : 80%\r\n\r\nSTAGING\r\nA. Carcinoma-in-situ \r\nB.Stage  -  confined to Cervix\r\nC.Stage  - spread to vagina \r\nD.Stage  - spread to pelvic wall\r\nE.Stage  - spread beyond Pelvis\r\n\r\nMANAGEMENT\r\nStage A\r\n- Cone biopsy\r\n- Laser surgery\r\n- Cryotherapy\r\n- Hysterectomy\r\n\r\nStage B\r\n - Radical Hysterectomy\r\n - Radiotherapy\r\n\r\nStage C\r\n - Radical Hysterectomy\r\n - Radiotherapy\r\n\r\nStage D\r\n - Radiotherapy\r\n\r\nStage E\r\n - Radiotherapy\r\n - Chemotherapy\r\n\r\nPROGNOSIS\r\nA.Carcinoma-in-situ  99% cure\r\nB.Stage 1:  80% cure \r\nC.Stage 2:  50% cure \r\nD.Stage 3:  30% cure \r\nE.Stage 4:  10% cure \r\n\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Ketamine", "Effects": ["Acute intermittent porphyria"]}
,{"Name": "Joint effusion", "Causes": ["Septic arthritis", "Cartilage tear"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Organic catatonic disorder", "Effects": ["Stupor", "Catatonic excitement", "Malignant catatonia"], "Treatments": ["Benzodiazepine", "Electroconvulsive therapy"], "Description": ["\"the American Psychiatric Association do not recognize this as a separate disorder", "but is associated with:\n -schizophrenia (catatonic type)", "-bipolar disorder", "-post-traumatic stress disorder", "-depression \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Decreased concentration", "Synonyms": ["Decreased attention", "Aprosexia"], "Causes": ["Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Bromide", "Generalised anxiety disorder", "Low intracranial pressure", "Vascular dementia"], "Parents": ["Cognitive disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Supracondylar fracture humerus", "Effects": ["Radial nerve palsy", "Volkmann Contracture", "Myositis ossificans", "Brachial artery injury", "Mal-union"], "Parents": ["Long bone fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Salpingitis", "Effects": ["Ectopic pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "Benedict syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Benedikt syndrome", "Red nucleus lesion"], "Effects": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Contralateral ataxia", "Rubral tremor", "Contralateral hemiplegia"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Midbrain lesion\""]}
,{"Name": "Anti-PM/Scl antibody", "Effects": ["Dermatomyositis", "Mixed connective tissue disease"], "Parents": ["Antibody"], "Description": ["\"Overlap syndrome of Dermatomyositis and scleroderma\""]}
,{"Name": "Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin", "Synonyms": ["Intravesical BCG"], "Parents": ["Urological procedure"], "Treats": ["Carcinoma in situ of bladder"]}
,{"Name": "Breathlessness", "Synonyms": ["SOB", "Shortness of breath"], "Causes": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Shock", "Pulmonary embolus", "Pulmonary oedema", "Pneumonia", "Left ventricular failure", "Metabolic acidosis", "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Pink puffer", "Mitral regurgitation", "Blocked bronchus", "Caplan syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dyspnoea", "Tachypnoea"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Psoralens", "Effects": ["Photosensitivity dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Cefradine", "Parents": ["Cephalosporin"]}
,{"Name": "Chalazion", "Causes": ["Acne rosacea"], "Effects": ["Eye pain", "Red eye", "Eye swelling"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology", "Scleral sign"], "Treatments": ["Topical antibiotic", "Hot compresses", "Excision"], "Description": ["\"non-infectious obstruction of a Meibomian gland.\nsudden-onset localized swellings of the eyelid.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cardiac arrhythmia", "Synonyms": ["Arrhythmia"], "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis", "Myocardial infarction", "Theophylline", "Re-feeding syndrome"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation", "Heart disease"], "Children": ["Supraventricular arrhythmia", "Ventricular arrhythmia", "Sick sinus syndrome", "Commotio cordis", "Torsades de pointes"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditory neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies", "Synonyms": ["HNPP", "Hereditory neuropathy with pressure palsies", "Hereditory pressure palsy", "Tomaculous neuropathy"], "Effects": ["Mononeuropathy", "Asymmetrical neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "T1 root lesion", "Effects": ["Intrinsic muscles of hand weakness"], "Parents": ["Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion", "Synonyms": ["Ectopic parathormone production", "Ectopic PTH secretion", "Ectopic PTH synthesis", "Ectopic parathyrin production", "Pseudohyperparathyroidism", "Ectopic hyperparathyroidism"], "Causes": ["Carcinoma of breast", "Lung malignancy", "Ovarian tumour", "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Renal cell carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Excess parathyroid hormone"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"]}
,{"Name": "Umblical cord prolapse", "Causes": ["Hydramnios", "Premature membrane rupture", "Multiparity", "Multiple birth"], "Effects": ["Perinatal hypoxia", "Fetal tachycardia"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"], "Description": ["\"incidence 0.5%\n\nCord preceds fetus exit\nFetus compresses cord = hypoxia\nLife threatening to fetus\n\nEmergency Caesarean\n\nMortality rate = 10%\""]}
,{"Name": "Apical lung fibrosis", "Synonyms": ["Upper lobe lung fibrosis", "Upper lobe fibrosis"], "Causes": ["Post-primary tuberculosis", "Pneumoconiosis", "Irradiation", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis", "Bleomycin", "Busulphan", "Nitrofurantoin", "Hexamethonium", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis", "Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Alcoholic liver disease", "Causes": ["Alcoholism"], "Effects": ["Steatosis", "Alcoholic hepatitis", "Chronic liver disease", "Macronodular cirrhosis", "Mallory body", "Zeef syndrome", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "High aspartate aminotransferase", "High serum ferritin", "Telangiectasia", "High IgA", "Hepatic haemosiderosis", "Dupuytren's contracture"]}
,{"Name": "Wound healing delayed", "Causes": ["Corticosteroid"]}
,{"Name": "Phithirus pubis", "Synonyms": ["Pubic louse"], "Effects": ["Pubic lice"], "Parents": ["Parasitic infection"]}
,{"Name": "Gelastic epilepsy", "Synonyms": ["Gelastic seizures", "Seizures manifesting as laughter"], "Causes": ["Hypothalamic syndrome"], "Effects": ["Laughter"], "Parents": ["Epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Post-partum thyroiditis", "Synonyms": ["Postpartum thyroiditis"], "Causes": ["Thyroid antibody"], "Effects": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Goitre", "Low radioiodine uptake"], "Parents": ["Post-partum disease"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 5% births\nOccurs at least 3 months post-partum\n90% recover spontaneously\""]}
,{"Name": "Face sign", "Synonyms": ["Facial sign"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"], "Children": ["Moon face", "Graves disease", "Toad-like facies", "Expressionless face", "Myopathic facies", "Leonine facies", "Triangular face", "Long face", "Asymetrical crying face", "Sad expression", "Plethoric face", "Facial erythema", "Slapped cheek syndrome", "Peaches and cream complexion", "Dysmorphic facies", "Prominent forehead", "Large head", "Frontal bossing", "Flat nasal bridge", "Saddle nose", "Beaked nose", "Rhinophyma", "Xanthelasma", "Hypertelorism", "Prominent epicanthic folds", "Hooded eyelid", "Upward slanting palpebral fissures", "Downward slanting palpebral fissures", "Narrow palpebral fissures", "Lateral eyebrow hair loss", "Yellow conjunctiva", "Large ears", "Low-set ears", "Lop ears", "Squared ear", "Absent ear", "Calcified Pinna", "Pigmented ear", "Ear waggling", "Frank sign", "Preauricular sinus", "Mouth sign", "Cleft lip", "Microstomia", "Battle sign", "Gorlin sign", "Rhagades", "Pseudorhagades", "Macroglossia", "Micrognathia", "Macrognathia", "Unilateral parotid swelling", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Borrelia lymphocytoma", "Lupus pernio"]}
,{"Name": "Respiratory drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Aminophylline", "Doxapram", "Guaifenesin", "Montelukast", "Salmeterol", "Ipratropium bromide", "Cromoglycate", "Budesonide", "Adrenaline", "Metaproterenol", "Terbutaline", "Albuterol", "Leukotriene antagonist", "Inhaled epinephrine"]}
,{"Name": "Blood-Injection-Injury", "Effects": ["Specific phobia"]}
,{"Name": "Diastasis recti", "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Cri-du-chat syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Cogan syndrome", "Effects": ["Interstitial keratitis", "Blindness", "Vertigo", "Sensorineural deafness"], "Parents": ["Inflammatory disease", "Autoimmune disease"]}
,{"Name": "Mycoplasmal pneumonia", "Causes": ["Mycoplasma pneumoniae"], "Effects": ["Atypical pneumonia", "Miliary shadowing of lung", "Diffuse pulmonary infection", "Inappropriate ADH secretion"], "Parents": ["Pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Ureaplasma urealyticum", "Effects": ["Urethritis", "Urease breath test positive", "Non- gonococcal urethritis"], "Parents": ["Mycoplasmataceae infection"], "Children": ["Propionibacterium acnes"], "Description": ["\"ureaplasma is urease positive\""]}
,{"Name": "Arthroplasty", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"], "Treats": ["Intracapsular fracture neck of femur", "Osteoarthritis", "Congenital dislocation of hip"]}
,{"Name": "Hypersomnia", "Synonyms": ["Excessive sleep"], "Causes": ["Narcolepsy", "Kleine-Levin syndrome", "Post-traumatic"], "Parents": ["Sleep disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Abduction deficit", "Causes": ["Abducent nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Dysconjugate gaze paresis"]}
,{"Name": "Temazepam", "Parents": ["Benzodiazepine"]}
,{"Name": "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Causes": ["HLA-DR3", "Anti-endomysial antibody", "Coeliac disease", "Hypothyroidism", "Gastrointestinal lymphoma"], "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Vesicle"], "Parents": ["Dermatitis", "Autoimmune skin disease"], "Treatments": ["Dapsone", "Gluten-free diet", "Elemental diet"], "Description": ["\"autoimmune disorder associated with a gluten-sensitive enteropath.\n\n100% association with gluten sensitivity and anti-endomysial antibody\nRx Dapsone + gluten free diet\""]}
,{"Name": "Reed-Sternberg cell positive", "Causes": ["Hodgkin lymphoma", "Infectious mononucleosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\"Cells with 'mirror image' nuclei\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hurler syndrome", "Synonyms": ["MPS IH", "Mucopolysaccharidosis 1H", "Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Frontal bossing"], "Parents": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Penetrating injury", "Synonyms": ["Penetration injury", "Penetrating trauma"], "Causes": ["Stab injury", "Missile injury", "Bone fragment", "Needlestick injury"], "Effects": ["Organ injury", "Soft tissue injury", "Pneumothorax", "Wound infection", "Bleeding from wound"], "Parents": ["Trauma"]}
,{"Name": "High pulmonary venous pressure", "Synonyms": ["High left atrial pressure"], "Causes": ["Mitral stenosis", "Left ventricular failure", "Pulmonary vein obstruction", "Fluid overload"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary oedema"]}
,{"Name": "Diet", "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Inadequate diet", "Weight loss program", "Overeating", "High fibre diet", "Low fat diet", "High protein diet", "Elemental diet", "Inadequate iron intake", "Excess iron intake", "Gluten-free diet", "Vegetarianism", "Veganism", "Cannibalism"]}
,{"Name": "Dercum disease", "Effects": ["Lipoma", "Obesity"], "Description": ["\"Multiple painful lipomas\nMiddle aged women\""]}
,{"Name": "Elation", "Causes": ["Mania", "Hypomania"], "Parents": ["Mood disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Leuccorhoea", "Causes": ["Bacterial Vaginosis"]}
,{"Name": "Index finger weakness", "Causes": ["Anterior interosseous nerve lesion", "Median neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Lower motor neurone lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Cold antibody haemolysis", "Synonyms": ["Cold agglutinin haemolysis", "Anti-I IgM", "Cold haemagglutinin haemolysis"], "Causes": ["Lymphoma", "Lymphoid leukaemia", "Rubella", "Donath Landsteiner IgG", "Infectious mononucleosis", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia"], "Effects": ["Raynaud phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Immune haemolysis"], "Description": ["\"Anti-I IgM\""]}
,{"Name": "Low serum ferritin", "Causes": ["Iron deficiency anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Severe mitral stenosis", "Effects": ["Early opening snap", "Quiet first heart sound"], "Parents": ["Mitral stenosis"], "Treatments": ["Mitral valve replacement"]}
,{"Name": "Immunocyte dyscrasia", "Effects": ["Systemic amyloidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Myopathic facies", "Causes": ["Myotonic dystrophy"], "Effects": ["Expressionless face", "Sad expression"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Indapamide", "Parents": ["Thiazide"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-Cw6", "Effects": ["Psoriasis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Avellis syndrome", "Effects": ["Vagus palsy", "Contralesional spinothalamic deficit", "Contralateral hemiplegia"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Medullary lesion\""]}
,{"Name": "HLA-Cw2", "Effects": ["Psoriasis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Aortic sclerosis", "Effects": ["Ejection systolic murmur"], "Parents": ["Valvular heart disease"], "Description": ["\"no LV outflow obstruction associated\nnormal pulse character\""]}
,{"Name": "Intrauterine coil device", "Synonyms": ["IUCD"], "Effects": ["Menorrhagia", "Ectopic pregnancy", "Bacterial Vaginosis"], "Parents": ["Contraception", "Device"], "Children": ["Mirena coil"]}
,{"Name": "Rickettsia", "Synonyms": ["Spotted fever"], "Effects": ["Maculopapular rash", "Photophobia", "Rickettsiosis", "Epidemic haemorrhagic fever", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Hepatomegaly", "Splenic response to infection", "Invisibility on gram stain", "Fever of unknown origin"], "Parents": ["Obligate intracellular prokaryote"], "Children": ["Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Fievre boutonneuse", "Typhus"], "Treatments": ["Doxycycline", "Chloramphenicol"], "Description": ["\"Gram-negative bacteria. \nObligate intracellular parasites.\nHence needs to be cultured in chick embryo.\n\nUnlike Chlamydia", "Mycoplasma", "and Ureaplasma", "they possess true cell walls similar to other Gram-negative bacteria.\n\nSensitive to tetracyclines.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Perianal fistula", "Causes": ["Anal crypt infection", "Crohn's disease", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Lymphogranuloma venereum"], "Parents": ["Abdominal fistula"], "Treatments": ["Fistulotomy", "Fistulectomy"], "Description": ["\"Abnormal connection between the epithilialised surface of the anal canal and the skin.\n\nPathology\nAnal  glands gets blocked with infection. \nAbscess forms and point to the skin surface. \nThe tract formed by this process is the fistula.\""]}
,{"Name": "Renal fluid retention", "Causes": ["Acute nephritic syndrome", "Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Chronic renal failure", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Renal artery stenosis", "Glomerulonephritis", "Pyelonephritis", "High renin", "Carbenoxolone", "Diazoxide", "Liddle syndrome"], "Effects": ["Fluid overload"]}
,{"Name": "Spinal cord pathology", "Synonyms": ["Spinal pathology"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"], "Children": ["Spinal cord tumour", "Transverse myelitis", "Dorsal column lesion", "Corticospinal tract lesion", "Spinothalamic tract lesion", "Spinal cord compression", "Syringomyelia"]}
,{"Name": "Adrenomyeloneuropathy", "Synonyms": ["AMN"], "Effects": ["Addison disease"], "Parents": ["Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy", "Leukodystrophy"], "Description": ["\"Milder form of ALD.\""]}
,{"Name": "Codeine", "Effects": ["Secondary headache"], "Parents": ["Opiate", "Opioid"]}
,{"Name": "Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy", "Synonyms": ["PML"], "Causes": ["JC virus infection"], "Effects": ["Demyelination of central nervous system"]}
,{"Name": "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease", "Parents": ["Congenital metabolic disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Children": ["Porphyria", "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Renal Glycosuria", "Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis", "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency", "Gilbert syndrome", "Liddle syndrome", "Familial combined hyperlipidaemia", "Familial hypertriglyceridaemia", "Familial hypercholesterolaemia", "Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia", "Maturity-onset diabetes of the young"]}
,{"Name": "Biochemical investigation", "Synonyms": ["Biochemistry"], "Causes": ["Elevated VEGF"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Electrolyte imbalance", "Urinalysis", "Blood gas investigation", "Uraemia", "Deranged liver function test", "Hormonal imbalance", "Acidosis", "Alkalosis", "Hyperglycaemia", "Hypoglycaemia", "High plasma urate", "Low plasma urate", "Hyperprolinaemia", "Raised serum iron", "High C-reactive protein", "Raised creatine kinase", "Raised pyruvate", "Raised insulin-like growth factor I", "High serotonin", "Cryoglobulinaemia", "High aluminium", "Hyperalbuminaemia", "Shilling test positive", "Hyperoxaluria", "Raised phytanic acid", "High low-density lipoprotein", "Low high density lipoprotein", "High high density lipoprotein", "Positive tryptophan loading test", "High serum ferritin", "High endothelin-1", "Raised alpha-fetoprotein", "High CA 125 tumour marker", "Raised thyroglobulin", "Raised alpha-2 globulin", "Nitroblue tetrazolium test positive", "Raised prostate specific antigen", "Raised C-peptide", "Raised proinsulin", "Low glycated haemoglobin", "Low hydroxybutyrate", "Low leucocyte alkaline phosphatase", "Low thyroxine-binding globulin", "Low transthyretin", "Low red cell transketolase", "Decreased urinary coproporphyrin", "Raised aminolaevulanic acid", "Howard-Ellsworth test positive", "Elevated very low density lipoprotein", "Abnormal white cell enzyme", "Raised plasma orotic acid", "Raised troponin", "High serum amylase", "High serum lipase", "Acute phase proteins", "Ketosis"]}
,{"Name": "Bullous pemphigoid", "Synonyms": ["Pemphigoid"], "Effects": ["Oral ulcer", "Bulla"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune skin disease"], "Treatments": ["Dapsone", "Mycophenolate mofetil"], "Description": ["\"Untreated may persist for months or years. \nUsually settles after about five years.\n\nPemphigus vulgaris vs Pemphigoid:\n\nPemphigus vulgaris:\n-antibodies which disrupt connections between epidermal squamous cells \n-cause very superficial", "intraepidermal", "fragile bullae. \n-Immunofluorescence - outlining of each individual epidermal cell (antibodies bound to the junctions bet    ween the cells).\n\nIn bullous pemphigoid: \n-antibodies against the basement membrane of the epidermis\n-Hence bullae are subepidermal", "henceless fragile \n  if you see a patient with bullous pemphigoid", "you\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdll see lots of intact", "tense bullae", "rather than a bunch  of ruptured bullae covered with scabs as in P vulgaris. \n-Immunofluorescence \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd only a line at the base of the epidermis (rather than the lace-like outlining of epi dermal cells ).\n\nSummary: pemphigus vulgaris has intraepidermal antibodies. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Bowel stricture", "Causes": ["Crohn's disease", "Tuberculosis", "Gastrointestinal carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Bowel obstruction"], "Parents": ["Stricture"], "Children": ["Ileal stricture", "Colonic stricture", "Oesophageal stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Hypervitaminosis D", "Synonyms": ["Elevated vitamin D", "Vitamin D-osis"], "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis", "Tuberculosis", "Lymphoma"], "Effects": ["Hypercalcaemia", "Ectopic calcification", "Sclerosis of bone"], "Parents": ["Vitamin"]}
,{"Name": "Hypervitaminosis A", "Synonyms": ["Vitamin A excess", "Vitamin A-osis"], "Effects": ["Benign intracranial hypertension", "Non-scarring alopecia"], "Parents": ["Vitamin"]}
,{"Name": "Neurofibromatosis I", "Synonyms": ["NF I", "Von Recklinghausen disease", "NF1", "NF 1"], "Causes": ["Chromosome 17 mutation", "NFK1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Neurofibroma", "Cafe au lait patch", "Axillary freckling", "Lisch nodule", "Berry aneurysm", "Renal artery stenosis", "Optic nerve glioma", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Meningioma", "Plexiform neuroma", "Acoustic neuroma", "Retinal phakoma", "Tall stature", "Honeycomb lung", "Kyphosis", "Rib notching"], "Parents": ["Neurofibromatosis"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 17q", "neurofibromin gene\nAutosomal dominant\n\nNeurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen disease)\n\nAutosomal dominant disorder.\nCharacterized by:\n1. Cafe-au-lait spots on skin (melanocytes also function abnormally in this disease)\n2. Neurofibromas of the skin or peripheral nerves.\n3. Oral involvement in 70% of cases\n4. Visceral involvement\n5. Acoustic nerve tumours\n6. Plexiform neurofibromas  - the branches of trigeminal nerve.\n7. Elephantiasis neuromatosa -massive enlargement of a limb\n8. Lisch nodules in the iris of the eye in 90%\n9. Skeletal deformities such as kyphoscoliosis .\n10. 10% of persons affected by Neurofibromatosis will develop cancer", "usually neurofibrosarcoma\""]}
,{"Name": "Rose-Waaler test positive", "Causes": ["Rheumatoid factor positive"], "Description": ["\"Agglutination of sheep erythrocytes coated in rabbit IgG\""]}
,{"Name": "Terbinafine", "Parents": ["Anti-fungal agent", "Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Onychomycosis"]}
,{"Name": "K ion or H ion pump mutation", "Effects": ["Distal renal tubule acidosis"], "Description": ["\"Pumps K+ or H+ into cell in exchange for Na+\""]}
,{"Name": "Leishmania major", "Synonyms": ["Leishmania brasiliensis"], "Causes": ["Sandfly bite"], "Effects": ["Cutaneous leishmaniasis"], "Parents": ["Protozoan infection"], "Description": ["\"Rx pentavalent antimonial", "e.g. Sodium stibogluconate\""]}
,{"Name": "Panniculitis", "Synonyms": ["Infection of fat"], "Causes": ["Primary vasculitis", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Lymphoma"], "Effects": ["Subcutaneous nodule", "Tender nodules", "Fever"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Children": ["Erythema nodosum"], "Description": ["\"inflammation of subcutaneous fat\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Fatty change", "Causes": ["Ischaemia"]}
,{"Name": "HFE gene mutation", "Effects": ["Primary haemochromatosis"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 6p21.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Pyloric stenosis", "Causes": ["Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Congenital pyloric stenosis"], "Effects": ["Repeated vomiting", "Bowel obstruction"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Infectious mononucleosis", "Synonyms": ["Glandular fever", "Pfeiffer's disease", "Kissing disease"], "Causes": ["Epstein Barr virus"], "Effects": ["Chronic headache", "Pharyngitis", "Cervical lymphadenopathy", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Splenomegaly", "Splenic response to infection", "Palatal petaechiae", "Cold antibody haemolysis", "Viral meningitis", "Antiplatelet antibody", "Atypical mononeucleocytes", "Monospot test positive", "Reed-Sternberg cell positive", "Positive VDRL"], "Parents": ["Contagious disease", "Childhood infections"], "Treatments": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Acyclovir", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Ampicillin gives erythema multiforme.\nOften misdiagnosed as streptococcal pharyngitis and given ampicillin.\nSplenomegaly is the clue.\n\nSelf-limiting.Only symptomatic treatments . \""]}
,{"Name": "Dry skin", "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism", "Dermatitis", "Ichthyosis"]}
,{"Name": "Action myoclonus", "Causes": ["Lance-Adams syndrome"], "Parents": ["Myoclonus"]}
,{"Name": "Shuffling gait", "Causes": ["Bradykinesia"], "Parents": ["Gait"]}
,{"Name": "Silver wiring", "Synonyms": ["Copper wiring", "Heightened light reflex from vessels"], "Parents": ["Hypertensive retinopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Genital herpes", "Causes": ["Herpes simplex type II"], "Effects": ["Vesicle", "Herpetic sore", "Dysuria", "Inguinal lymph node", "Vaginitis"], "Treatments": ["Acyclovir"], "Description": ["\"Genital herpes is a chronic condition. \nThe virus remains in the body and can become active again. \nRrate of recurrence is 5 times in the first two years after being infected.\n\nAntivirals due not cure the infection\n\nTopical - \nPenciclovir 1% cream -shortens duration of pain", "healing\nLidocaine - pain relief\n\nSystemic - Acyclovir\""]}
,{"Name": "Apert syndrome", "Effects": ["Craniosynostosis"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Serotonin agonist", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["5-HT1D agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Jackson syndrome", "Effects": ["Vagus palsy", "Cranial accessory nerve palsy", "Contralateral hemiplegia", "Hypoglossal nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Morphoea", "Causes": ["Antinuclear antibody", "Antihistone antibody", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Ivory white plaque", "Coup de sabre"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune skin disease"], "Description": ["\"Localised form of scleroderma\""]}
,{"Name": "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Synonyms": ["Granulomatosis with polyangiitis"], "Causes": ["HLA-B27"], "Effects": ["Rhinitis", "Cough", "Epistaxis", "Oral ulcer", "Necrotising microvascular glomerulonephritis", "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Pulmonary haemorrhage", "Gum hyperplasia", "Proptosis", "Scleritis", "Episcleritis", "Positive c-ANCA", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Cavitating lung lesion", "Scleromalacia perforans", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Saddle nose", "Retro-orbital mass", "Nail-fold vasculitis", "Non-caseating granuloma", "Acute otitis media"], "Parents": ["Primary vasculitis", "Conjunctivitis"], "Children": ["Midline granuloma"], "Description": ["\"5yr mortality 30%\nRx Pred + cyclophosphamide", "or azathioprine\""]}
,{"Name": "Low complement activity", "Synonyms": ["Reduced CH50", "Hypocomplementaemia"], "Parents": ["Immunological investigation"], "Children": ["Acquired complement deficiency", "Congenital complement deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "HTLV-2", "Parents": ["Retrovirus"]}
,{"Name": "HTLV-1", "Synonyms": ["Human T-lymphotrophic virus"], "Effects": ["Transverse myelitis", "Tropical spastic paraplegia", "Adult T-cell lymphoma"], "Parents": ["Retrovirus"]}
,{"Name": "Silvery hair", "Causes": ["Griscelli syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Signal transduction inhibitor", "Children": ["Glivec"]}
,{"Name": "Tremor", "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"], "Children": ["Asterixis", "Benign essential tremor", "Rubral tremor", "Resting tremor", "Intention tremor", "Physiological tremor"]}
,{"Name": "Dieulafoy lesion", "Synonyms": ["Exulceratio simplex", "Caliber-persistent artery", "Gastric arteriosclerosis"], "Effects": ["Upper gastrointestinal bleed"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal malformations"], "Description": ["\"large tortuous arteriole in the stomach wall that erodes and bleeds\""]}
,{"Name": "Bullying", "Effects": ["Post-traumatic stress disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Lactose intolerance", "Synonyms": ["Cow's milk intolerance"], "Causes": ["Coeliac disease"], "Effects": ["Diarrhoea", "Subtotal villous atrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Hoffman syndrome", "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism"], "Effects": ["Myotonia", "Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Muscles ache with myotonia\""]}
,{"Name": "Oesophageal candidiasis", "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Parents": ["Opportunistic gut infection", "Candida albicans"]}
,{"Name": "Pericardial disease", "Parents": ["Heart disease"], "Children": ["Pericarditis", "Pericardial effusion", "Haemopericardium", "Cardiac tamponade"]}
,{"Name": "Type III hypersensitivity reaction", "Parents": ["Hypersensitivity reaction"], "Children": ["Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis"]}
,{"Name": "L5 disc herniation", "Synonyms": ["L5 vertebral disc herniation", "L5 spondylolisthesis", "L5 disc prolapse"], "Effects": ["S1 root lesion"], "Parents": ["Intervertebral disc herniation"]}
,{"Name": "Progesterone only pill", "Synonyms": ["PoP"], "Effects": ["Ectopic pregnancy", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Contraception"]}
,{"Name": "Myopathy", "Causes": ["Myositis", "Myotonic dystrophy", "Osteomalacia"], "Effects": ["Muscle weakness"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Proximal myopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Fibroadenoma of breast", "Synonyms": ["Breast fibroma", "Breast mouse"], "Effects": ["Breast lump"], "Parents": ["Breast disease"], "Description": ["\"Freely mobile under the skin. Hence known as 'breast mouse'\nNo treatment required.\""]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary sarcoidosis", "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary fibrosis", "Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy", "Miliary shadowing of lung", "Reticulonodular shadowing", "Cavitating lung lesion", "Lymphocytic bronchoalveolar lavage", "Fever"]}
,{"Name": "Palmoplantar psoriasis", "Effects": ["Pustular psoriasis"], "Parents": ["Psoriasis"]}
,{"Name": "Muscle atrophy", "Causes": ["Prolonged immobilisation", "McLeod syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Flocculation of barium", "Causes": ["Coeliac disease", "Subtotal villous atrophy"], "Parents": ["Barium sign"]}
,{"Name": "Ulnar nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["Ulnar neuropathy"], "Effects": ["Ulnar claw hand", "Wasting of intrinsic hand muscles", "Intrinsic muscles of hand weakness", "Froment sign", "Lateral edge of hand sensory loss"], "Parents": ["Mononeuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Prolonged ileus", "Effects": ["Total parenteral nutrition"], "Treatments": ["Total parenteral nutrition"]}
,{"Name": "Carminative", "Synonyms": ["Carminativum"], "Parents": ["Food", "Antispasmodic drug"], "Children": ["Caraway", "Cinnamon", "Coriander", "Onion", "Ginger"]}
,{"Name": "Caffeine", "Causes": ["Coffee", "Tea"], "Effects": ["Psychoactive substance use", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Treats": ["Migraine"]}
,{"Name": "Ureterolysis", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Retroperitoneal fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditory spastic paraparesis", "Synonyms": ["HSP"], "Effects": ["Myelopathy", "Corticospinal tract lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Myocardial ischaemia", "Synonyms": ["Cardiac ischaemia", "Cardiac perfusion abnormality", "Myocardial perfusion abnormality"], "Causes": ["Coronary artery disease", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Hypertension"], "Effects": ["Angina pectoris", "Acute coronary syndrome", "Ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy", "Depressed ST segment", "T-wave inversion", "Prinzmetal angina", "Mitral regurgitation", "Left ventricular failure", "Left bundle branch block", "Frank sign", "Ventricular extrasystole"], "Parents": ["Ischaemia", "Myocardial disease"]}
,{"Name": "Diethylcarbamazine", "Parents": ["Anti-helminthic drug"], "Treats": ["Wucheria bancrofti"]}
,{"Name": "Amaurosis fugax", "Causes": ["Transient ischaemic attack"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal sign", "Synonyms": ["Abdomen sign"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Abdominal striae", "Visible peristalsis", "Abdominal distension", "Rebound tenderness", "Guarding", "Peritonism", "Abdominal mass", "Organomegaly", "Palpable gall bladder", "Ballotable kidney", "Hard nodular liver", "Irregular liver edge", "Pulsatile liver", "Pelvic mass", "Dullness in Traub's space", "Shifting dullness", "Fluid thrill", "Murphy sign positive", "Rovsing's sign", "Appendix mass", "Appendix abscess", "Pulsatile mass", "Abdominal venous hum", "Auscultatory abdominal sign", "Lymph node metastases", "Intracystic haemorrhage", "Mass"]}
,{"Name": "Thyroid eye disease", "Synonyms": ["TED", "Thyroid infiltrative ophthalmopathy", "Graves' ophthalmopathy", "Thyroid ophthalmopathy"], "Causes": ["Graves disease"], "Effects": ["Chemosis", "Proptosis", "Dalrymple's sign", "von Graefe sign", "Joffroy sign", "Jendrassik sign", "Mobius sign", "Stellwag sign", "Ballet sign", "Rosenbach sign", "Gifford sign", "Griffith sign", "Suker sign", "Loewi sign", "Cowen sign", "Jellinek sign", "Enroth sign", "Knie sign", "Boston sign", "Abadie sign", "Beck sign", "Superficial keratitis", "Eye muscle inflammation", "Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Optic neuropathy"], "Description": ["\"Rx lubrication", "diuretics", "tinted glasses", "tarsorrhaphy", "strabismus correction", "high dose steroid", "orbital radiotherapy", "plasma exchange", "surgical decompression.\""]}
,{"Name": "Fluconazole", "Parents": ["Anti-fungal agent", "P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Coccidioides immitis", "Oral candidiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased rate of cardiac depolarisation", "Causes": ["Class IA antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IC antiarrhythmic drug"], "Parents": ["Cardiac action potential change"]}
,{"Name": "Cystic hygroma", "Parents": ["Head and neck malformation", "Neck lump"]}
,{"Name": "Disorientation in place", "Parents": ["Disorientation"]}
,{"Name": "Ischaemia", "Causes": ["Arterial occlusion", "Venous occlusion", "Shock", "Anaemia", "Heart failure"], "Effects": ["Infarction", "Fatty change", "Stress ulcer", "Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Myocardial ischaemia", "Limb ischaemia", "Renal ischaemia", "Bowel ischaemia", "Diffuse organ ischaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Brain biopsy", "Synonyms": ["Brain histology", "Neurohistopathology"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Children": ["Rosenthal fibres", "Ubiquitin inclusion body", "Lewy bodies in substantia nigra", "Neurofibrillary tangle", "Pick body", "Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes"]}
,{"Name": "Reduced forced expiratory volume in 1s", "Synonyms": ["Reduced FEV1"], "Causes": ["Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Asthma"], "Parents": ["Decreased lung function"]}
,{"Name": "Sputum", "Causes": ["Chronic bronchitis"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"], "Children": ["Mucoid sputum", "Purulent sputum", "Haemoptysis"]}
,{"Name": "Loss of pinprick sensation", "Synonyms": ["Loss of pain sensation", "Pinprick deficit", "Loss of sensation to pinprick", "Loss of pin-prick sensation"], "Causes": ["Spinothalamic tract lesion", "Dissociated sensory loss"], "Effects": ["Neuropathic ulcer", "Charcot joints"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "EDN3 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Waardenburg syndrome", "Hirschsprung disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 20q13.2-q13.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Coprolalia", "Causes": ["Gilles de la Tourette syndrome"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Addisonian crisis", "Causes": ["Addison disease"], "Effects": ["Shock", "Hypoglycaemia", "Acute abdominal pain"]}
,{"Name": "Transvaginal Tape", "Synonyms": ["TVT"], "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Stress incontinence"]}
,{"Name": "Impotence", "Synonyms": ["Erectile dysfunction", "Erectile failure", "Sexual dysfunction"], "Causes": ["Antihypertensive drug", "Neuroleptic drug", "Alcohol", "High oestrogen", "Cimetidine", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Peripheral vascular disease", "Myelopathy", "Multiple sclerosis", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Uraemia", "Leriche syndrome", "Kennedy disease", "Low testosterone", "Liver failure"], "Parents": ["Sexual dysfunction"], "Treatments": ["Sildenafil", "Prostaglandin E1"]}
,{"Name": "Ecstasy", "Synonyms": ["MMDA", "XTC", "MDMA", "3`4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine", "Methylene dioxymethamphetamine"], "Effects": ["Psychosis", "Ataxia", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Abused drug"]}
,{"Name": "Prolactinoma", "Effects": ["Hyperprolactinaemia"], "Parents": ["Pituitary adenoma"], "Treatments": ["Bromocriptine", "Cabergoline"], "Description": ["\"PRESENTATION\nIn women \n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIrregular periods.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdReduced fertility.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdgalactorrhoea\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdIncreased growth of hair on the face\n\nIn men:\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdReduced fertility.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdErectile dysfunction\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdLoss of libido.\n \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdgynaecomastia\n\nIn both:\n  -Visual disturbances\n  -Headache\n\nDIAGNOSIS:\nNormal prolactin = 400 mU/L. \n>5000 mU/L=prolactinoma \n\nLesser levels caused by:\n  -metoclopramide \n  -domperidone.\n  -SSRI Antidepressants\n\nTREATMENT:\n1) Dopamine agonists\n  - bromocriptine\n  - cabergoline\n\n2) Transphenoidal ablation\n\nPROGNOSIS: Good\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Delusion of reference", "Parents": ["Delusion"]}
,{"Name": "Lichen planus", "Causes": ["Graft versus host disease", "Gold", "Penicillamine", "Antimalarial drug", "Sulphonylurea", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Thiazide", "Methyldopa", "Dye", "Hepatitis B", "Hepatitis C"], "Effects": ["Pruritic papules", "Scarring alopecia", "Skin irritation", "Oral ulcer", "Koebner phenomenon", "Wickham striae", "Trachonychia", "Nail dystrophy", "Nail pitting", "Pterygium of the nail", "White oral plaque"], "Parents": ["Vulval skin disorder", "Disorder of keratinsation"], "Treatments": ["Triamcinolone", "Cyclosporin", "Isotretinoin", "Psoralen and ultraviolet-A light", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Commonly idiopathic / autoimmune\nUsually asymptomatic\nPink-red polygonal papules\nWrist", "palm", "soles", "genitals", "buccal mucosa (75%", "white lacy plaque)", "shin", "ankle\nRx steroids\""]}
,{"Name": "Nail pitting", "Causes": ["Psoriasis", "Alopecia areata", "Atopic dermatitis", "Lichen planus", "Onychomycosis", "Tetracycline"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Osteomyelitis", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"], "Children": ["Acute Osteomyelitis", "Chronic osteomyelitis"]}
,{"Name": "Spinal muscular atrophy type 2", "Parents": ["Spinal muscular atrophy"], "Description": ["\"Onset adolescence\nProgresses over decades\""]}
,{"Name": "Spinal muscular atrophy type 1", "Effects": ["Neonatal hypotonia"], "Parents": ["Spinal muscular atrophy"], "Description": ["\"Infantile onset\nUsually fatal by 1 year\""]}
,{"Name": "Taenia saginata", "Synonyms": ["Beef tapeworm"], "Causes": ["Undercooked meat"], "Effects": ["Cysticercosis"], "Parents": ["Cestode"]}
,{"Name": "Compression", "Treats": ["Epistaxis"]}
,{"Name": "Proliferative retinopathy", "Synonyms": ["Ischaemic proliferative retinopathy"], "Causes": ["Diabetic retinopathy", "Sickle cell anaemia"], "Effects": ["Posterior vitreous detachment"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"], "Children": ["Hypertortuosity of retinal vessels", "Hard exudate", "Blot haemorrhage"], "Treatments": ["Laser therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Low glycated haemoglobin", "Synonyms": ["Low glycosylated haemoglobin", "Low HbA1C"], "Causes": ["Chronic blood loss", "Haemolysis", "Sickle cell trait"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Deviated trachea", "Causes": ["Tension pneumothorax", "Pleural effusion", "Atelectasis", "Unilateral lung fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Neck sign"]}
,{"Name": "Face lump", "Causes": ["Sebaceous cyst", "Lipoma", "Neurofibroma", "Dermoid", "Haemangioma", "Adenoma sebaceum", "Papilloma", "Verruca", "Dacryocystitis", "Sialolithiasis"], "Parents": ["Lump"]}
,{"Name": "Dilated cardiomyopathy", "Synonyms": ["DCM"], "Effects": ["Heart failure", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Cardiomyopathy"], "Children": ["Ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy", "Nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Treatments": ["Amiodarone"]}
,{"Name": "Ocular trauma", "Synonyms": ["Eye trauma", "Eye injury", "Ocular injury"], "Effects": ["Synechia", "Superficial keratitis", "Acquired cataract", "Conjunctival injection", "Subconjunctival haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Trauma"]}
,{"Name": "SCN4A gene mutation", "Effects": ["Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 17q23.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Neuromyotonia congenita", "Effects": ["Neuromyotonia"]}
,{"Name": "Inadequate diet", "Causes": ["Vegetarianism", "Veganism"], "Effects": ["Inadequate iron intake", "Decreased vitamin B12 intake", "Decreased folic acid intake", "Vitamin D deficiency", "Vitamin C deficiency", "Malnutrition", "Gilbert syndrome"], "Parents": ["Diet"], "Children": ["Vitamin deficiency", "Mineral deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Psychomotor retardation", "Causes": ["Psychosis"]}
,{"Name": "Carotid bruit", "Causes": ["Carotid occlusive disease"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign", "Carotid pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "Placental hydrops", "Causes": ["Rhesus disease"], "Effects": ["Pre-eclampsia"]}
,{"Name": "Athetosis", "Synonyms": ["Hand-writhing", "Wringing of hands"], "Causes": ["Chorea"], "Parents": ["Extrapyramidal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Laughter", "Synonyms": ["Laughing"], "Causes": ["Emotional lability", "Angelman syndrome", "Tuber cinereum lesion", "Atypical antipsychotic", "Gelastic epilepsy"], "Effects": ["Narcolepsy"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Treatments": ["Levodopa"]}
,{"Name": "Vocal tic", "Causes": ["McLeod syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Shortened cardiac action potential duration", "Causes": ["Class IB antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IV antiarrhythmic drug"], "Parents": ["Cardiac action potential change"]}
,{"Name": "Amnesia", "Synonyms": ["Memory loss"], "Causes": ["Epileptic seizure", "Antimuscarinic drug"], "Parents": ["Cognitive disturbance"], "Children": ["Anterograde amnesia"]}
,{"Name": "Nesidioblastosis", "Synonyms": ["Diffuse beta-cell hyperplasia", "Neodifferentiation of islet of Langerhans"], "Effects": ["Hyperinsulinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Involucrum", "Causes": ["Acute Osteomyelitis"]}
,{"Name": "Non- gonococcal urethritis", "Synonyms": ["NSU", "Non-specific urethritis"], "Causes": ["Chlamydial veneral infection", "Ureaplasma urealyticum", "Mycoplasma genitalium"]}
,{"Name": "Krukenberg tumour", "Causes": ["Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Colorectal carcinoma", "Carcinoma of breast", "Bronchial carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Signet ring cell"], "Parents": ["Secondary ovarian tumour"], "Description": ["\"Malignancy in the ovary that metastasized from the stomach or breast.\r\nMajority from stomach.\r\n\r\nBilateral in 80%\""]}
,{"Name": "Short PR interval", "Causes": ["Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Jaw cyst", "Causes": ["Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Leukopaenia", "Synonyms": ["Leukocytopaenia", "Leucopenia", "Leucocytopenia"], "Causes": ["Megaloblastic anaemia", "Dengue fever"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Children": ["Neutropenia", "Lymphopaenia"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-DR7", "Effects": ["Coeliac disease"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-DR5", "Effects": ["Hashimoto thyroiditis", "Pernicious anaemia"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Left ventricular failure", "Synonyms": ["Left heart failure", "LVF"], "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis", "Aortic regurgitation", "Hypertension", "Myocardial ischaemia", "Ventricular septal defect", "Myocardial disease", "Left to right shunt", "Congestive cardiac failure"], "Effects": ["Fatigue", "Breathlessness", "Gallop rhythm", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "High pulmonary venous pressure", "Transudate pleural effusion"], "Parents": ["Heart failure"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-DR4", "Effects": ["Rheumatoid disease", "Type I diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-DR3", "Effects": ["Coeliac disease", "Addison disease", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Graves disease", "Myasthenia gravis", "Sjogren syndrome", "Type I diabetes mellitus", "Primary glomerular membrane thickening", "Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-DR2", "Effects": ["Goodpasture syndrome", "Narcolepsy", "Multiple sclerosis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Simvastatin", "Effects": ["Drug nephrotoxicity", "Myositis"], "Parents": ["HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Wartenberg sign", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Volar surface of semi-supine hand is tapped with tendon hammer\nPositive sign is flexion of fingers and thumb\""]}
,{"Name": "Cheilitis", "Parents": ["Mouth sign"], "Children": ["Angular stomatitis", "Rhagades", "Perleche", "Pseudorhagades"]}
,{"Name": "Pallor", "Causes": ["Anaemia", "Vasovagal reflex", "Increased vascular tone", "Limb ischaemia", "Compartment syndrome"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"], "Description": ["\"Pale skin\""]}
,{"Name": "Congenital platelet dysfunction", "Causes": ["Bernard-Soulier syndrome", "Thrombasthaenia"], "Effects": ["Platelet dysfunction"]}
,{"Name": "Phenelzine", "Parents": ["Drug metabolised by N-acetyltransferase", "Monoamine oxidase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Phalen sign", "Synonyms": ["Paraesthesia on wrist flexion"], "Causes": ["Carpal tunnel syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"]}
,{"Name": "Subperiosteal clot", "Causes": ["Extradural haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["CT sign"]}
,{"Name": "Aspiration of gastric contents", "Synonyms": ["Gastric aspiration", "Inhalation of gastric contents"], "Causes": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Bulbar palsy"], "Effects": ["Aspiration pneumonia", "Upper airway obstruction", "Stridor"], "Treats": ["Acute pancreatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Sphincterof Oddi dysfunction", "Effects": ["Common bile duct obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Proteus", "Effects": ["Struvite stone", "Urease breath test positive"], "Children": ["Proteus mirabilis"], "Description": ["\"Able to produce high levels of urease. \n\nUrease hydrolyzes urea to ammonia (NH3) - makes urine alkaline\nIncreased alkalinity =renal calculi\nProteus can be found throughout the stones", "and these bacteria lurking in the kidney stones can reinitiate infection after antibiotic treatment.\""]}
,{"Name": "Hookworm", "Synonyms": ["Ancylostoma duodenale"], "Effects": ["Lower gastrointestinal bleed", "Iron malabsorption"], "Parents": ["Nematode"]}
,{"Name": "Steroid injections", "Treats": ["Osteoarthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Sjogren syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Sjoegren syndrome", "Keratoconjunctivitis sicca", "Sj\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdgren syndrome"], "Causes": ["Antinuclear antibody", "Anti-Ro antibody", "Anti-La antibody", "HLA-DR3", "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Female gender"], "Effects": ["Xerostomia", "Dry eye", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Type II cryoglobulinaemia", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Large fibre neuropathy", "Superficial dyspareunia", "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis", "Autoimmune conjunctivitis"], "Parents": ["Collagen vascular disease"]}
,{"Name": "Testicular torsion", "Causes": ["Cryptorchidism", "Bell-clapper deformity"], "Effects": ["Testicular pain", "Groin pain", "Nausea and vomiting", "High riding testes", "Primary testicular failure"], "Parents": ["Urological disease"], "Treatments": ["Scrotal fixation of testes", "Orchidectomy"], "Description": ["\"Emergency surgery required.\nWithin six hours", "the testicle can be saved  90 percent of the time.\nAfter 12 hours", "this falls to  50 percent\nAfter 24 hours", "this falls to 10 percent.\""]}
,{"Name": "Vaginal discharge", "Causes": ["Cervical cancer", "Trichomoniasis", "Gonorrhoea", "Vaginitis", "Colo-vaginal fistula"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Urinary hesitancy", "Synonyms": ["Slow initiation of urination"], "Causes": ["Bladder outflow obstruction"], "Parents": ["Lower urinary tract symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin B6 deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Pyridoxine deficiency"], "Causes": ["Penicillamine", "Isoniazid"], "Effects": ["Vitamin deficiency neuropathy", "Positive tryptophan loading test", "Homocysteinaemia"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"], "Treatments": ["Pyridoxine"]}
,{"Name": "Deep dyspareunia", "Causes": ["Pelvic inflammatory disease", "Endometriosis"], "Parents": ["Dyspareunia"]}
,{"Name": "Torsion dystonia", "Synonyms": ["Dystonia musculorum deformans"], "Causes": ["Perinatal hypoxia", "Kernicterus", "Birth trauma", "Chromosome 9 mutation"], "Effects": ["Dystonia", "Blepharospasm", "Torticollis", "Orofacial dyskinesia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 9q\""]}
,{"Name": "Gastrectomy", "Synonyms": ["Partial gastrectomy", "Removal of stomach"], "Effects": ["Intrinsic factor deficiency", "Osteomalacia", "Lag storage curve", "Decreased transit time", "Achlorhydria", "Malabsorption state"], "Parents": ["Bowel surgery"], "Children": ["Polya gastrectomy", "Bilroth gastrectomy"], "Treats": ["Stress ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Depressed ST segment", "Synonyms": ["ST depression"], "Causes": ["Myocardial ischaemia", "Hypokalaemia", "Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Secondary pulmonary hypertension", "Causes": ["Chronic hypoxia", "Mitral stenosis", "Mitral regurgitation", "Atrial septal defect", "Left to right shunt", "Pulmonary embolus", "Anticentromere antibody", "Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Schistosomiasis", "Down syndrome", "Fenfluramine", "Meconium aspiration"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Neutrophilic leukocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Neutrophilia", "Granulocytosis"], "Causes": ["Sterile inflammation", "Thrombotic microangiopathy", "Essential thrombocythaemia", "Sweet disease", "Leucocyte adhesion molecule deficiency", "Acute phase reaction"], "Parents": ["Leukocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Anaemia of blood loss", "Causes": ["Acute blood loss"], "Effects": ["Iron deficiency anaemia", "Reticulocytosis", "Thrombocytosis", "Leukocytosis"], "Parents": ["Normocytic anaemia"], "Description": ["\"haemodilution from shift of water into vascular compartment\""]}
,{"Name": "Monotonous speech", "Causes": ["Bradykinesia"], "Parents": ["Speech sign"]}
,{"Name": "Selegiline", "Parents": ["Monoamine oxidase inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Parkinsonism"]}
,{"Name": "Halothane", "Effects": ["Drug-induced hepatitis", "Liver granuloma", "Malignant hyperpyrexia"], "Parents": ["General anaesthetic"]}
,{"Name": "Irregular pulse", "Causes": ["Atrial fibrillation", "Ventricular extrasystole", "Mobitz type I heart block"], "Parents": ["Pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "excision of cyst", "Treats": ["Echinococcosis"]}
,{"Name": "Marantic endocarditis", "Synonyms": ["Thrombotic endocarditis"], "Causes": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Parents": ["Endocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Thalamotomy", "Parents": ["Brain surgery"], "Treats": ["Dystonia", "Parkinsonism"]}
,{"Name": "Herniation of cerebellar tonsils", "Causes": ["Posterior fossa space occupying lesion", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Arnold-Chiari malformation"], "Parents": ["Brain herniation"]}
,{"Name": "Hemi-arthroplasty", "Treats": ["Intracapsular fracture neck of femur"]}
,{"Name": "Paroxysmal non-kinesogenic dyskinesia", "Synonyms": ["PNKD", "Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia"], "Parents": ["Dystonia"]}
,{"Name": "Tomato", "Effects": ["Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid", "Hyperkalaemia", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor", "Parents": ["Antidepressant"], "Children": ["Tricyclic antidepressant", "Cocaine"]}
,{"Name": "Acute phase proteins", "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Children": ["Elevated serum acute phase proteins", "Decreased serum acute phase proteins"], "Description": ["\"Serum proteins whose levels increase or decrease in response to tissue injury.\nProduced by the liver in response to cytokines released by macrophages.\""]}
,{"Name": "Glial fibrillary acidic protein mutation", "Synonyms": ["GFAP mutation"], "Effects": ["Alexander disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Introital damage", "Effects": ["Vulval pain"]}
,{"Name": "Meningeal angioma", "Causes": ["Sturge-Weber syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Toxic megacolon", "Synonyms": ["Toxic dilatation of large bowel", "Toxic dilatation of colon", "Toxic colitis"], "Causes": ["Ulcerative colitis", "Pseudomembranous colitis", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IV"], "Effects": ["Abdominal distension", "Bowel perforation", "Acute abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"], "Treatments": ["Panproctocolectomy"], "Description": ["\"Blotting paper colon\""]}
,{"Name": "Retinoblastoma", "Causes": ["RB1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Leucocoria", "Nystagmus", "Decreased visual acuity", "Enucleation", "Cancers due to gene mutation", "Acquired strabismus", "Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Childhood malignancy"], "Treatments": ["Laser therapy", "Enucleation"], "Description": ["\"age< 3yrs\n50% are inherited.\nMaybe bilateral.\n\nSpread:\nDirect- along optic nerve to brain.\nBlood spread to bones\""]}
,{"Name": "Krabbe disease", "Synonyms": ["Globoid cell leukodystrophy", "Galactosylceramide lipidosis", "Galactocerebrosidase deficiency", "Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase deficiency", "GALC deficiency", "Beta-galactocerebrosidase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Elevated protein in CSF", "Demyelination of central nervous system", "Optic atrophy", "Global developmental delay", "Demyelination of peripheral nerve", "Congenital deafness", "Abnormal white cell enzyme", "Metabolic epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Sphingolipidosis", "Leukodystrophy"], "Description": ["\"1:100000\n14q31.3\nage 6 months\""]}
,{"Name": "Resting tremor", "Synonyms": ["Pill rolling tremor", "Pill-rolling tremor"], "Causes": ["Parkinsonism", "Midbrain lesion"], "Parents": ["Tremor", "Extrapyramidal sign"], "Description": ["\"4-6 Hz\""]}
,{"Name": "Visible peristalsis", "Causes": ["Congenital pyloric stenosis"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Nalixidic acid", "Effects": ["Benign intracranial hypertension", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Quinolone"]}
,{"Name": "Hamstring wasting", "Causes": ["S1 root lesion"], "Parents": ["Muscle wasting"]}
,{"Name": "Cone Biopsy", "Parents": ["Gynaecological surgery"], "Treats": ["Cervical cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Physiological raised temperature", "Causes": ["High progesterone"], "Effects": ["Fever"]}
,{"Name": "Calcium channel blocker", "Effects": ["Sinus bradycardia"], "Parents": ["Vasodilator"], "Children": ["Nifedipine", "Amlodipine", "Verapamil"], "Treats": ["Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Raynaud phenomenon"]}
,{"Name": "Dust", "Effects": ["Allergic rhinitis"]}
,{"Name": "Travel", "Effects": ["Schistosomiasis", "Hepatitis A"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Travel to West Indies", "Swimming in Lake Malawi"]}
,{"Name": "Hyposplenism", "Synonyms": ["Hyposplenism", "Asplenia"], "Causes": ["Splenectomy", "Splenic infarction", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Sarcoidosis", "Coeliac disease", "Systemic amyloidosis"], "Effects": ["Immunosuppression", "Capsulated organism", "Howell-Jolly bodies", "Target cells", "Thrombocytosis"], "Parents": ["Immunological pathology"], "Description": ["\"No spleen / reduced splenic function\""]}
,{"Name": "Ill fitting dentures", "Effects": ["Malnutrition"]}
,{"Name": "Positive base excess", "Causes": ["Respiratory acidosis"], "Parents": ["Blood gas investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Russell-Silver syndrome", "Effects": ["Failure to thrive", "Short stature", "Cafe au lait patch", "Hypoplastic limb", "Shortened fifth metacarpal", "Horseshoe kidney", "Posterior urethral valve", "Triangular face", "Frontal bossing", "Micrognathia"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 7\r\nIncidence ? 1:3000 to 1:100", "000\""]}
,{"Name": "Hepatocellular jaundice", "Synonyms": ["Haemolytic"], "Causes": ["Hepatitis A", "Yellow fever", "Plasmodium malariae", "Chloroform", "Gilbert syndrome", "Crigler-Najjar syndrome", "Dubin-Johnson syndrome", "Rotor syndrome", "Chronic liver disease", "Weil disease", "Fulminant liver failure"], "Parents": ["Jaundice"]}
,{"Name": "Optic nerve glioma", "Synonyms": ["Optic glioma"], "Causes": ["Neurofibromatosis I"], "Effects": ["Optic nerve compression"], "Parents": ["Glioma"]}
,{"Name": "Testicular atrophy", "Causes": ["High oestrogen", "Kennedy disease"]}
,{"Name": "Pectus carinatum", "Synonyms": ["Pigeon breast", "Pigeon chest", "Funnel chest"], "Causes": ["Chronic airway obstruction", "Marfan syndrome", "Rickets", "Edward's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Edward's syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Trisomy 18", "Trisomy E"], "Causes": ["Trisomy 18"], "Effects": ["Ventricular septal defect", "Atrial septal defect", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Microcephaly", "Prominent epicanthic folds", "Low-set ears", "Cleft palate", "Morgagni hernia", "Overlapping 3rd and 4th digits", "Dermatoglyphics", "Dorsiflexed hallux", "Thickened nuchal folds", "Cryptorchidism", "Spina bifida", "Absent radii", "Congenital deafness", "Syndactyly", "Mental retardation", "Micrognathia", "Umbilical hernia", "Hypoplastic fingernails", "Diastasis recti", "Hydronephrosis", "Scissoring", "Renal cyst", "Coloboma", "Pectus carinatum", "Hydramnios", "Microstomia", "Horseshoe kidney"], "Parents": ["Trisomy"]}
,{"Name": "Increased total lung volume", "Causes": ["Emphysema"], "Parents": ["Decreased lung function"]}
,{"Name": "Cor bovinum", "Synonyms": ["Bovine heart", "Ox heart"], "Causes": ["Aortic regurgitation"]}
,{"Name": "Increased neutrophil destruction", "Causes": ["Splenomegaly", "Overwhelming infection", "Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Effects": ["Neutropenia"]}
,{"Name": "Goodpasture antigen mutation", "Effects": ["Alport syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Type 4 collagen", "chain alpha-3\""]}
,{"Name": "Myasthenia", "Synonyms": ["Myasthenic syndrome", "Myasthaenia", "Fatiguable weakness"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Children": ["Eaton-Lambert syndrome", "Myasthenia gravis"]}
,{"Name": "Weakness of plantar flexion", "Synonyms": ["Weakness of ankle flexion"], "Causes": ["S1 root lesion"], "Parents": ["Muscle weakness"]}
,{"Name": "Urethral dilatation", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Urethral stricture"]}
,{"Name": "Dapsone", "Effects": ["Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Drug metabolised by N-acetyltransferase", "Antibiotic", "Sulphonamide", "Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Leprosy", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Cutaneous leishmaniasis", "Granuloma annulare", "Bullous pemphigoid", "Discoid lupus erythematosus"]}
,{"Name": "Beetroot", "Effects": ["Dark urine"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Silver sufadiazine", "Effects": ["Acquired methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Drug"]}
,{"Name": "Fibrous band", "Effects": ["Thoracic outlet obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Angiokeratoma", "Causes": ["Old age", "Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Synonyms": ["AIDS", "Symptomatic HIV infection"], "Causes": ["Human immunodeficiency virus", "Trigger for viral infection"], "Effects": ["Immunosuppression", "Severe T-cell immunodeficiency", "Herpes simplex in immunocompromised", "Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Immunosuppressed CMV infection", "Mycobacterium avium intracellulare", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Toxoplasmosis", "Opportunistic gut infection", "JC virus infection", "Oesophageal candidiasis", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Salmonella", "Hepatitis A", "Isospora belli infection", "Cryptococcus neoformans", "Oral ulcer", "Uveitis", "Maternal Risk", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia", "Malignant melanoma", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Hairy leukoplakia", "Dupuytren's contracture", "Perianal fistula", "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Perifollicular haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Scurvy"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Positive Quellung test", "Causes": ["Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Meningococcus", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Klebsiella"], "Parents": ["Microbiological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Synonyms": ["Nephrotoxic drug", "Drug toxic to kidney"], "Causes": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Aminoglycoside", "Amphotericin B", "Rifampicin", "Sulphonamide", "Capreomycin", "Calcineurin inhibitor", "Cyclophosphamide", "Methotrexate", "Cisplatin", "Cyclosporin", "Zoledronic acid", "Lithium", "Simvastatin", "Mercury", "Lead poisoning", "Paraquat"], "Effects": ["Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Acute tubular necrosis"], "Parents": ["Drug"]}
,{"Name": "Transient ischaemic attack", "Synonyms": ["TIA"], "Causes": ["Carotid occlusive disease", "Antiphospholipid syndrome"], "Effects": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign", "Amaurosis fugax", "Fall in elderly"], "Description": ["\"<24h\nVery occasionally presents as Syncope if vertebrobasilar\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Whispered pectoriloquy", "Causes": ["Consolidation"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"], "Description": ["\"The examiner can clearly distinguish the word that the patient whispers.\nPectoriloqy literally means \"chest speaking\"\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Tay-Sachs disease", "Synonyms": ["Beta-hexosaminidase A deficiency", "b-hexosaminidase deficiency"], "Causes": ["Ashkenazi Jew"], "Effects": ["Cherry-red spot", "Abnormal white cell enzyme", "Chorea"], "Parents": ["Sphingolipidosis", "Autosomal recessive disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Kennedy disease", "Synonyms": ["Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy", "SBMA", "Spinobulbar muscular atrophy"], "Causes": ["AR gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Bulbar palsy", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Lower motor neurone lesion", "Gynaecomastia", "Impotence", "Infertility", "Testicular atrophy"], "Parents": ["Triplet repeat disease", "X-linked recessive disorder", "Spinal muscular atrophy"], "Description": ["\"Androgen receptor mutation\nSpinal and bulbar muscular atrophy\n\nGene provides instructions for making a protein called an androgen receptor. \nUnclear how the altered protein disrupts nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.\n \""]}
,{"Name": "Nicotine", "Effects": ["Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug", "Carcinogen"], "Treats": ["Cigarette smoking"]}
,{"Name": "Tic-borne disease", "Parents": ["Zoonosis"], "Children": ["Tic-borne bacterial disease", "Tic borne viral disease", "Tic-borne protozoal disease"]}
,{"Name": "Cyclizine", "Parents": ["Antiemetic", "H1-antagonist"]}
,{"Name": "Interstitial cell carcinoma of testis", "Effects": ["Gynaecomastia"], "Parents": ["Testicular tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Ethambutol", "Effects": ["High plasma urate"], "Parents": ["Anti-tuberculous agent"], "Treats": ["Post-primary tuberculosis"]}
,{"Name": "Bilateral visual failure", "Causes": ["Leber's optic atrophy", "Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy", "Batten disease"], "Effects": ["Blindness"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Velopharyngeal incompetence", "Causes": ["DiGeorge syndrome"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Arterial puncture", "Causes": ["Total parenteral nutrition"]}
,{"Name": "Rhubarb", "Effects": ["Hyperoxaluria"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Erythromycin", "Effects": ["Increased gut motility", "Cholestasis", "Prolonged QT interval"], "Parents": ["Macrolide", "P450 enzyme inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Acne vulgaris", "Pertussis", "Legionella", "Chancroid", "Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Granuloma inguinale", "Chlamydia trachomatis infection", "Venereal disease"]}
,{"Name": "Social phobia", "Synonyms": ["Social phobic"], "Parents": ["Phobia"], "Description": ["\"social situations such as: \n -performance anxiety \n -fears of embarrassment by scrutiny of others\""]}
,{"Name": "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Synonyms": ["Strep pneumoniae", "Pneumococcus"], "Effects": ["Bacterial meningitis", "Bacterial pneumonia", "Tonsillitis", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Septic arthritis", "Positive Quellung test", "Acute otitis media", "Sinusitis"], "Parents": ["Alpha haemolytic streptococcus", "Capsulated organism"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Axonal neuropathy", "Parents": ["Neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Impaired optokinetic nystagmus", "Synonyms": ["Impaired OKN"], "Causes": ["Progressive supranuclear palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Pediculosis capitis", "Parents": ["Childhood infections"], "Treatments": ["Benzyl benzoate", "Pyrethrin", "Malathion", "Ivermectin"]}
,{"Name": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Synonyms": ["NMS"], "Causes": ["Phenothiazine", "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Levodopa", "Amantadine"], "Effects": ["Rhabdomyolysis", "Lead pipe rigidity", "Catatonia", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Fluctuating conscious level", "Hyperthermia"], "Description": ["\"Rx stop drug", "cool patient", "bromocriptine", "dantrolene", "benzodiazepines\n5-20% mortality\""]}
,{"Name": "Chondrocalcinosis", "Causes": ["Pseudogout", "Gout", "Osteoarthritis", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Hypothyroidism", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Haemochromatosis", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Hypophosphatasia", "Haemophilia A", "Haemophilia B", "Wilson's disease", "Chronic renal failure", "Acromegaly"], "Parents": ["Ectopic calcification"]}
,{"Name": "Oscillopsia", "Causes": ["Optic nerve compression", "Bulbar palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Gall stone ileus", "Causes": ["Cholelithiasis"], "Effects": ["Ileus"], "Description": ["\"not a true ileus", "but a mechanical obstruction\""]}
,{"Name": "Mycobacterium leprae", "Effects": ["Leprosy"], "Parents": ["Mycobacterial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Pustule", "Synonyms": ["Cutaneous microabscess", "Pimple", "Whitehead spot"], "Causes": ["Acne rosacea", "Acne vulgaris", "Orf"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Central nervous system pathology", "Synonyms": ["CNS pathology"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"], "Children": ["Encephalitis", "Meningitis", "Nervous system tumour", "Cerebral pathology", "Hydrocephalus", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Cerebellar lesion", "Myelopathy", "Brainstem syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Lead pipe rigidity", "Causes": ["Parkinsonism", "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Minamata disease"], "Parents": ["Rigidity"], "Description": ["\"throughout movement\""]}
,{"Name": "Cogwheel rigidity", "Causes": ["Parkinsonism"], "Parents": ["Rigidity", "Extrapyramidal sign"], "Description": ["\"juddering on passive movement\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypoplastic patella", "Causes": ["Nail-patella syndrome"], "Parents": ["Lower limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Ejection click", "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis", "Bicuspid aortic valve"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"], "Description": ["\"0.1 seconds after S1 along left sternal border that does not move with respiration.\""]}
,{"Name": "Poor urinary stream", "Synonyms": ["Poor stream", "Intermittent stream"], "Causes": ["Bladder outflow obstruction"], "Parents": ["Lower urinary tract symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Neurological sign", "Synonyms": ["Focal neurological sign"], "Parents": ["Examination sign", "Neurology"], "Children": ["Cranial nerve sign", "Focal cerebral neurological sign", "Gait", "Muscle wasting", "Myotonia", "Increased muscle tone", "Paresis", "Reflex sign", "Rigidity", "Myoclonus", "Dysdiadochokinesis", "Past pointing", "Ankle clonus", "Romberg sign", "Extrapyramidal sign", "Thickened peripheral nerves", "Cognitive disturbance", "Myopathy", "Apraxia", "Gower sign", "Hyperphagia", "Lhermitte phenomenon", "Trotter syndrome", "Pseudoathetosis", "Bruxism", "Opisthotonus", "Beevor's sign", "Ochner test positive", "Hypotonia", "Fasciculation", "Speech sign", "Infantile spasms"]}
,{"Name": "Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Broad thumb-hallux syndrome"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation", "Short stature", "Broad thumb", "Broad first toe", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Low-set ears"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Survive only into early childhood.\nMutation in CREBBP gene.\nRisk of developing benign and malignant tumours.\""]}
,{"Name": "Macrocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Raised MCV", "Raised mean cell volume"], "Causes": ["Blood change in pregnancy", "Megaloblastic anaemia", "Hypothyroidism", "Alcohol", "Chronic liver disease", "Reticulocytosis", "Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Methotrexate", "Azidothymidine", "Epstein Barr virus"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Pneumonia", "Synonyms": ["Chest infection", "Respiratory infection"], "Effects": ["Breathlessness", "Pleuritic chest pain", "Left atrial hypertrophy", "Chronic pulmonary infection", "Minimal change glomerulonephritis", "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Delirium"], "Parents": ["Local infection", "Pulmonary pathology"], "Children": ["Lobar pneumonia", "Bronchopneumonia", "Viral pneumonia", "Bacterial pneumonia", "Mycoplasmal pneumonia", "Atypical pneumonia", "Loeffler syndrome", "Eosinophilic pneumonia", "Aspiration pneumonia"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Calcium", "Effects": ["Hypercalcaemia"], "Parents": ["Antiarrhythmic drug"], "Treats": ["Chronic renal failure", "Osteoporosis", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Pseudohypoparathyroidism"]}
,{"Name": "Acute coronary syndrome", "Causes": ["Myocardial ischaemia", "Acute hypoxia", "Hyperviscosity"], "Parents": ["Angina pectoris"], "Children": ["Myocardial infarction", "Unstable angina", "Silent angina"], "Treatments": ["Oxygen", "Aspirin", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Glyceryl trinitrate", "Fractionated heparin"], "Description": ["\"Rx oxygen", "aspirin", "LMWH", "IV nitrates while pain present", "diamorphine", "ACEi", "statin.liq\""]}
,{"Name": "Watson-Schwarz test positive", "Causes": ["Porphyria"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"], "Description": ["\"Ehrlich's dye gives red urine", "then chloroform causes purple sedimentation of porphobilinogen\""]}
,{"Name": "Dorsal column lesion", "Causes": ["Myelopathy", "Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord", "Tabes dorsalis", "Friedrich ataxia", "Alpers syndrome"], "Effects": ["Loss of proprioception", "Loss of vibration sense", "Loss of light touch", "Romberg sign", "Sensory ataxia", "Pseudoathetosis", "Neurogenic bladder", "Constipation", "Stamping gait"], "Parents": ["Spinal cord pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Bladder outflow obstruction", "Synonyms": ["UOO", "Urinary tract obstruction", "Obstructive uropathy", "Bladder outflow obstruction", "BOO"], "Causes": ["Prostatic enlargement", "Benign prostatic hypertrophy", "Urethral stricture", "Urethral injury", "Bladder calculus", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Neurogenic bladder", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Uterine fibroid", "Prostate cancer"], "Effects": ["Urinary hesitancy", "Poor urinary stream", "Dribbling", "Raised prostate specific antigen", "Acute urinary retention", "Chronic urinary retention", "Residual urine", "Urinary tract infection", "Overflow incontinence", "Detrusor Failure", "Post-obstructive polyuria"], "Parents": ["Obstruction", "Urological disease"]}
,{"Name": "Subcutaneous nodule", "Synonyms": ["Skin lump", "Cutanous nodule"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid nodule", "Erythema nodosum", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Xanthoma", "Tuberous sclerosis", "Neurofibroma", "Rheumatic fever", "Granuloma annulare", "Cysticercosis", "Panniculitis"], "Parents": ["Lump", "Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Selenium", "Parents": ["Anti-fungal agent", "Chemical"], "Treats": ["Seborrhoeic dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Noise", "Effects": ["Tinnitus"]}
,{"Name": "GPIIb/IIIA-receptor downregulator", "Parents": ["Cardiac drug"], "Children": ["Ticlopidine", "Tirofiban", "Abciximab"], "Treats": ["Myocardial infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Griseofulvin", "Effects": ["Gynaecomastia", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["P450 enzyme inducer", "Anti-fungal agent", "Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Onychomycosis"], "Description": ["\"Oestrogen receptor agonist\""]}
,{"Name": "Epilepsy treatment", "Effects": ["Ketogenic diet"]}
,{"Name": "Chylothorax", "Synonyms": ["Lymphothorax", "Lymph in the pleural cavity", "Lymphatic pleural effusion", "Chylous pleural effusion"], "Causes": ["Lymphoma", "Thoracic trauma", "Thoracic surgery"], "Parents": ["Pleural effusion"], "Description": ["\"Aspirate > 110 mg/dl triglyceride\""]}
,{"Name": "Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome", "Causes": ["Alcoholism"], "Effects": ["Dysgraphia", "Apraxia", "Alexia", "Mutism", "Dysarthria"], "Parents": ["Dementia"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral arteriovenous malformation", "Synonyms": ["Cerebral AVM", "Osler- Weber-Rendu syndrome"], "Causes": ["Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "Parkes Weber syndrome"], "Effects": ["Seizure", "Intracranial bleed", "Intracerebral haemorrhage", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Focal cerebral neurological sign", "Chronic headache"], "Parents": ["Arteriovenous malformation", "Vascular malformation of brain"]}
,{"Name": "Anisocytosis", "Causes": ["Thalassaemia", "Iron deficiency anaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Dipyridamole", "Parents": ["Phosphodiesterase inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Cerebral infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Ballotable kidney", "Synonyms": ["Palpable kidney"], "Causes": ["Adult polycystic kidney disease"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Winged scapula", "Causes": ["Long thoracic nerve palsy", "Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary hypertension", "Effects": ["Cor pulmonale", "Right atrial hypertrophy", "Wide splitting of second heart sound", "Loud P2", "Decreased KCO", "High endothelin-1", "Kerley B lines", "Bats wing shadowing", "Transudate pleural effusion", "Eisenmenger syndrome"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"], "Children": ["Primary pulmonary hypertension", "Pickwickian syndrome", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Tyrosine", "Treats": ["Phenylketonuria"]}
,{"Name": "Craniofacial syndromes", "Parents": ["Congenital head malformation"], "Children": ["Craniosynostosis", "Pierre Robin syndrome", "Mobius syndrome", "Stickler syndrome", "Treacher Collins syndrome", "Noonan syndrome", "Velocardiofacial syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Subtotal thyroidectomy", "Parents": ["Thyroidectomy"], "Treats": ["Graves disease"]}
,{"Name": "P mitrale", "Causes": ["Left atrial hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Description": ["\"Broad notched P wave\""]}
,{"Name": "Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense", "Synonyms": ["Rhodesian sleeping sickness", "East African sleeping sickness", "East African trypanosomiasis"], "Effects": ["Intravascular haemolysis", "Decreased platelet survival", "Myocarditis"], "Parents": ["Trypanosoma brucei"]}
,{"Name": "Ortner's cardiovocal syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Ortner syndrome"], "Causes": ["Left atrial hypertrophy"], "Effects": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Raised creatine kinase", "Synonyms": ["Raised CK", "High creatine kinase", "High CK", "Raised creatine phosphokinase", "High CPK"], "Causes": ["Myositis", "Myocardial infarction", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy", "Paroxysmal myoglobinuria"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Fatty casts", "Causes": ["Nephrotic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Urinary casts"]}
,{"Name": "Suprapubic catheter", "Treats": ["Pelvic fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Xanthelasma", "Causes": ["Hyperlipidaemia", "Familial hypercholesterolaemia"], "Parents": ["Face sign", "Xanthoma"]}
,{"Name": "Haemoglobinuria", "Causes": ["Intravascular haemolysis"], "Effects": ["Dark urine"]}
,{"Name": "Anticoagulant drug", "Effects": ["Bleeding disorder"], "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Heparin", "Warfarin", "Clopidogrel"]}
,{"Name": "Low hydroxybutyrate", "Causes": ["Hyperinsulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Warm antibody haemolysis", "Causes": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia", "Methyldopa", "Levodopa", "Mefenamic acid", "Penicillin", "Evan syndrome", "Isoniazid", "Rifampicin"], "Parents": ["Immune haemolysis"], "Description": ["\"Ig G\""]}
,{"Name": "Bilobed mononucleocyte", "Synonyms": ["Large bilobed mononuclear cell", "Bilobed immature myeloid cell"], "Causes": ["Acute promyelocytic leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Calcipotriol", "Parents": ["Metabolic drug"], "Treats": ["Prurigo nodularis"]}
,{"Name": "Mycotic aneurysm", "Causes": ["Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Tumour lysis syndrome", "Causes": ["Chemotheraputic drug"], "Effects": ["Hyperkalaemia", "High plasma urate", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Acute kidney injury", "Ectopic calcification"]}
,{"Name": "Proguanil", "Synonyms": ["Paludrine"], "Parents": ["Antimalarial drug"], "Treats": ["Malaria"]}
,{"Name": "Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist", "Synonyms": ["Alpha-2 agonist", "a2 agonist", "?2 agonist"], "Parents": ["Alpha adrenoceptor agonist"], "Children": ["Clonidine"]}
,{"Name": "Dislocation of shoulder", "Effects": ["Brachial plexus lesion", "Radial nerve palsy", "Axillary nerve palsy", "Long thoracic nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"], "Treatments": ["Kocher's manoeuvre"]}
,{"Name": "Cranial nerve sign", "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Visual field loss", "Nystagmus", "Internuclear ophthalmoplegia", "Impaired vertical saccades", "Impaired smooth pursuit", "Anosmia", "Weber sign", "Rinne sign", "Strabismus", "Brisk jaw jerk", "Absent corneal reflex", "Cacosmia"]}
,{"Name": "Satiety", "Causes": ["Raised cholecystokinin", "Bloating"], "Effects": ["Anorexia"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital pyloric stenosis", "Causes": ["Male gender", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Projectile Vomiting", "Visible peristalsis", "Dehydration", "Pyloric stenosis", "Repeated vomiting"], "Treatments": ["Pyloromyotomy"], "Description": ["\" affects circular muscle fibres of pylorus\n\nNon-bile stained vomiting.\nPresents between 3 and 6 weeks of age\nChild hungry and feeds immediately after vomiting \n\nTreatment:\nCorrect dehydration\nRamstedt's pyloromyotomy\""]}
,{"Name": "Metabolic bone disease", "Causes": ["Hypercalcaemia", "Uraemia"], "Effects": ["Bone pain"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"], "Children": ["Osteoporosis", "Rickets", "Osteomalacia", "Scurvy", "Osteitis fibrosa cystica", "Paget disease", "Osteopetrosis", "Subperiosteal bone resorption"]}
,{"Name": "Blood pressure sign", "Synonyms": ["BP sign"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Hypertension", "Postural hypotension", "Wide pulse pressure", "Narrow pulse pressure", "Low ankle brachial pressure index", "Diastolic rise on standing", "Sudden fall in blood pressure", "Shock", "Hill sign", "Hypotension"]}
,{"Name": "Androgen resistance", "Synonyms": ["Androgen insensitivity"], "Causes": ["Testicular feminisation"], "Effects": ["Late puberty", "High testosterone", "High oestrogen", "Raised luteinising hormone"]}
,{"Name": "Looser's zone", "Synonyms": ["Pseudofracture", "Looser's line", "Milkman line"], "Causes": ["Osteomalacia", "Renal osteodystrophy", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Paget disease", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"], "Parents": ["Fracture", "Bone X-ray sign"], "Description": ["\"Osteopenic changes in bony pelvis and proximal femurs.\n\nRadiologically mimick fractures (pseudo-fractures)\""]}
,{"Name": "ASPA gene mutation", "Effects": ["Canavan disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 17p13.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Ticarcillin", "Parents": ["Penicillin", "Very broad spectrum antibiotic"]}
,{"Name": "Salmeterol", "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"], "Description": ["\"long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist. \nprescribed for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Neurological mental disorder", "Causes": ["Traumatic encephalopathy", "Post encephalitic syndrome", "Post concussional syndromne", "Parkinson's disease", "Alzheimer disease", "Epilepsy", "Multiple sclerosis", "General paresis of insane", "Cerebral lesion"], "Effects": ["Hallucination", "Catatonia", "Mania", "Organic depressive disorder", "Personality disorder", "Anxiety disorder"], "Parents": ["Organic mental disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Kufor Rakeb disease", "Synonyms": ["PARK9 mutation"], "Effects": ["Impaired vertical saccades"], "Parents": ["Neurodegenerative disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Doxorubicin", "Effects": ["Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug", "Antibiotic"], "Treats": ["Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Wilm's tumour", "Ewing sarcoma"]}
,{"Name": "Axillary nerve palsy", "Causes": ["Dislocation of shoulder"]}
,{"Name": "Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Synonyms": ["Leaking aortic aneurysm", "Ruptured AAA", "Rupture of AAA", "Aortic rupture"], "Causes": ["Aortic aneurysm", "Abdominal aortic aneurysm"], "Effects": ["Back pain", "Acute abdominal pain", "Peritonism", "Acute blood loss", "Haemothorax", "Left sided pleural effusion", "Dull chest pain", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Aneurysmal rupture", "Rupture of abdominal viscus"], "Description": ["\"Emergency surgery mortality = 50%\""]}
,{"Name": "Thyroid acropachy", "Synonyms": ["Acropachy", "Pseudoclubbing"], "Causes": ["Thyroid dermopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital IgA deficiency", "Effects": ["Selective IgA deficiency", "Defective B-cell function"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Impaired smooth pursuit", "Causes": ["Progressive supranuclear palsy"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign"]}
,{"Name": "Vascular surgery", "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Varicose vein surgery", "Aortic bypass", "Femoro-popliteal bypass", "Aortic aneurysm repair", "Sympathectomy", "Embolectomy", "Endarterectomy", "Amputation"]}
,{"Name": "Primary vasculitis", "Synonyms": ["Autoimmune vasculitis"], "Effects": ["Arterial thrombosis", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Peripheral neuropathy", "Panniculitis", "Avascular necrosis", "Livedo reticularis"], "Parents": ["Connective tissue disease", "Vascular pathology", "Ten serious rashes"], "Children": ["Temporal arteritis", "Takayasu arteritis", "Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Microscopic polyangiitis", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Hypersensitivity vasculitis", "Kawasaki disease", "Buerger disease", "Leucocytoclastic vasculitis", "Retinal vasculitis"], "Treatments": ["Immunosuppressant drug"]}
,{"Name": "Bannwarth syndrome", "Causes": ["Lyme disease"], "Effects": ["Lymphocytic meningoradiculitis"]}
,{"Name": "Dupuytren's contracture", "Causes": ["Hand trauma", "Alcoholic liver disease", "Diabetes mellitus", "Cigarette smoking", "Peyronie's disease", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Paget disease", "Phenytoin", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Parents": ["Observation sign", "Hand sign", "Acquired limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Missile injury", "Causes": ["Gunshot wound", "Shrapnel wound"], "Effects": ["Penetrating injury"]}
,{"Name": "Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes", "Causes": ["Retinoblastoma"], "Parents": ["Brain biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "ATP2A2 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Darier disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 12q24.11\""]}
,{"Name": "Gingivitis", "Synonyms": ["Gingivostomatitis"], "Causes": ["Vincent angina", "Herpes simplex virus", "Scurvy"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cinchonism", "Causes": ["Quinine"], "Effects": ["Tinnitus", "Vertigo", "Physiological tremor", "Clouding of vision"]}
,{"Name": "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Synonyms": ["PDA", "Aortopulmonary shunt"], "Causes": ["Female gender", "Premature birth", "Congenital rubella", "Fetal alcohol syndrome", "High altitude", "Phenytoin", "Amphetamine", "Down syndrome", "Edward's syndrome", "Congenital rubella syndrome"], "Effects": ["Fatigue", "Differential cyanosis", "Collapsing pulse", "Radiofemoral delay", "Systolic thrill", "Continuous murmur", "Paradoxical splitting of second heart sound", "Preductal coarctation", "Juxtaductal coarctation", "Third heart sound"], "Parents": ["Left to right shunt", "Systolic murmur radiating to back"], "Description": ["\"Treatment:\nPDA rarely closes on its own after the first few weeks.\n\nPremature baby - intravenous indomethacin. \n(Risks of surgery  high with prematurity).\n\nChild  over 1 year - cardiac catheterisation & closure of a PDA.  \n\nRisks of PDA\n - Pulmonary hypertension\n - cardiac failure.\n - endocarditis  \n  - bronchopulmonary dysplasia.\n - necrotising enterocolitis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Marjolin ulcer", "Causes": ["Burn"], "Effects": ["Squamous cell skin cancer", "Malignant transformation"], "Description": ["\"Squamous cell carcinoma in a burn scar\""]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type II", "Synonyms": ["HMSN II", "HSMN 2", "HSMN II", "CMT 2"], "Parents": ["Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Villaret syndrome", "Effects": ["Horner syndrome"], "Parents": ["Jugular foramen syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Primary glomerular membrane thickening", "Causes": ["HLA-DR3"], "Effects": ["Membranous glomerulonephritis"], "Description": ["\"80% of membranous GN\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Intracapsular fracture neck of femur", "Effects": ["Avascular necrosis", "Non-union"], "Parents": ["Hip fracture"], "Treatments": ["Hemi-arthroplasty", "Arthroplasty"], "Description": ["\"Leg position:\n -Shortened\n -Adducted\n -Externally rotated\""]}
,{"Name": "Nail-fold vasculitis", "Synonyms": ["Nail fold vasculitis", "Periungual vasculitis"], "Causes": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Microscopic polyangiitis", "Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Wegeners granulomatosis"], "Effects": ["Nail-fold infarct"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction", "Synonyms": ["FNHTR"], "Causes": ["Blood transfusion"], "Effects": ["Fever", "Sinus tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Low red cell transketolase", "Causes": ["Thiamine deficiency"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "ENT procedure", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Children": ["Tympanosotomy", "Antral washout", "Aural irrigation", "Nasal packing"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased lung function", "Synonyms": ["Impaired pulmonary function", "Spirometry deficit", "Spirometric impairment", "Impaired PFT"], "Effects": ["Sinus tachycardia"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Decreased vital capacity", "Decreased total lung volume", "Increased total lung volume", "Reduced forced expiratory volume in 1s", "Decreased peak expiratory flow", "Decreased KCO", "Increased KCO"]}
,{"Name": "Fluticasone", "Parents": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Treats": ["Asthma"]}
,{"Name": "Positive ventilation-perfusion scan", "Synonyms": ["Positive V/Q scan", "Positive VQ scan", "Positive ventilation/perfusion scan", "Ventilation-perfusion mismatch", "V/Q mismatch"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary embolus"], "Parents": ["Nuclear radiology finding"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-Ro antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti SS-A"], "Effects": ["Sjogren syndrome", "Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Colchicine", "Effects": ["Drug toxic to lung", "Myositis"], "Treats": ["Gout"]}
,{"Name": "Gastritis", "Causes": ["Gastric acid hypersecretion"], "Effects": ["Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Gastric ulcer"], "Parents": ["Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy sign"], "Children": ["Acute gastritis", "Chronic gastritis"], "Treatments": ["Antacid", "Proton pump inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "RB1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Retinoblastoma"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 13q14.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Methylmalonaturia", "Synonyms": ["Methylmalonic acid in urine"], "Causes": ["Vitamin B12 deficiency"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Mild splenomegaly", "Causes": ["Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Infective endocarditis", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Haemolytic anaemia", "Still disease"], "Parents": ["Splenomegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Antifibrinolytic drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Mefanamic acid", "Tranexamic acid"]}
,{"Name": "ATM gene mutation", "Effects": ["Ataxia telangiectasia"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 11q22-q23\""]}
,{"Name": "Drug metabolised by P450 enzymes", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Warfarin", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Corticosteroid", "P450 enzyme inducer", "Theophylline", "Cyclosporin", "Valproate"]}
,{"Name": "Clavicle Fracture", "Causes": ["Fall on outstretched hand", "Birth trauma", "Fetal macrosomia"], "Parents": ["Fracture"], "Treatments": ["Sling"]}
,{"Name": "Frequent falls", "Causes": ["Proximal myopathy", "Duchenne muscular dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Diffuse intestinal disease", "Causes": ["Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Vitamin B12 malabsorption", "Folic acid malabsorption"]}
,{"Name": "Bipolar II", "Parents": ["Bipolar I"]}
,{"Name": "Black sclera", "Synonyms": ["Dark sclera"], "Causes": ["Alkaptonuria"], "Parents": ["Scleral sign"]}
,{"Name": "Narrow pulse pressure", "Synonyms": ["Low pulse pressure"], "Causes": ["Aortic stenosis", "Mitral stenosis"], "Parents": ["Blood pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis", "Synonyms": ["MPGN", "Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis"], "Causes": ["Cryoglobulinaemia", "Lupus nephropathy", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Sjogren syndrome", "Infective endocarditis", "Familial lipodystrophy", "Sickle cell anaemia"], "Effects": ["Mesangial hypercellularity", "Acquired low C3", "Acute nephritic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Glomerulonephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatopulmonary syndrome", "Causes": ["Liver failure"], "Effects": ["Platypnoea"]}
,{"Name": "Demyelination of central nervous system", "Synonyms": ["Demyelination of CNS"], "Causes": ["Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis", "Multiple sclerosis", "Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Krabbe disease"], "Effects": ["Cerebellar lesion", "Cerebral lesion", "Corticospinal tract lesion", "Paraplegia"], "Parents": ["Demyelination"]}
,{"Name": "Empyema gall bladder", "Causes": ["Cholelithiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Frontotemporal dementia", "Synonyms": ["FTD", "Frontotemporal lobar degeneration", "Primary progressive aphasia", "FTLD"], "Causes": ["Corticobasal degeneration", "MAPT gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Perseveration", "Aphasia", "Frontal release", "Apathy"], "Parents": ["Dementia", "Tauopathy"], "Children": ["Pick disease", "Semantic dementia", "Progressive nonfluent aphasia"]}
,{"Name": "Organic bipolar disorder", "Parents": ["Organic mood affective disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Black tongue", "Causes": ["Aspergillus niger"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Levator dystrophy", "Synonyms": ["Myogenic ptosis", "Congenital ptosis"], "Effects": ["Ptosis"], "Parents": ["Hereditary muscular dystrophy"], "Description": ["\"congenital ptosis is myogenic due to  undeveloped  levator muscle.\""]}
,{"Name": "CTNS gene mutation", "Effects": ["Cystinosis"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus  17p13\""]}
,{"Name": "Unresponsiveness", "Synonyms": ["Minimal response to external stimuli", "Unarousable"], "Causes": ["Stupor", "Coma", "Death", "Brainstem death"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pes cavus", "Causes": ["Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome", "Friedrich ataxia", "Poliovirus", "Spina bifida"], "Parents": ["Foot sign"], "Description": ["\"Due to peripheral neuropathy during phase of bone growth\""]}
,{"Name": "Drug induced platelet production impairment", "Causes": ["Alcohol", "Thiazide", "Cytotoxic drug"], "Effects": ["Decreased platelet production"]}
,{"Name": "Midbrain lesion", "Synonyms": ["Mesencephalic lesion", "Mesencephalon damage"], "Effects": ["Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Resting tremor", "Rubral tremor", "Oculogyric crisis", "Decerebrate posturing"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperbilirubinaemia", "Causes": ["Hepatitis", "Liver failure"], "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Jaundice", "Cholelithiasis", "Yellow sclera"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"], "Children": ["Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia", "Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-endomysial antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-endomysium antibody"], "Effects": ["Coeliac disease", "Dermatitis herpetiformis"], "Parents": ["Antibody", "IgA antibody"], "Description": ["\"Robust\""]}
,{"Name": "Ruptured gall bladder", "Causes": ["Cholecystitis"], "Parents": ["Rupture of abdominal viscus"]}
,{"Name": "Conjunctival injection", "Synonyms": ["Red eye", "Blood shot eye"], "Causes": ["Conjunctivitis", "Foreign body", "Contact lens", "Ocular trauma", "Subconjunctival haemorrhage", "Pterygium", "Glaucoma", "Iritis", "Superficial keratitis", "Episcleritis", "Lagophthalmos", "Cluster headache", "Alcohol", "Cocaine", "Marijuana", "Toxic shock syndrome", "Phlycten"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Thickened nuchal folds", "Synonyms": ["Excess neck skin"], "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome", "Trisomy 22"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Blocked bronchus", "Synonyms": ["Bronchial obstruction"], "Causes": ["Bronchial plug", "Inhaled foreign body", "Hilar lymphadenopathy", "Bronchial carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Breathlessness", "Atelectasis", "Bronchiectasis", "Lobar pneumonia", "Cough"]}
,{"Name": "Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity", "Synonyms": ["Amiodarone induced lung disease"], "Causes": ["Amiodarone"], "Effects": ["Apical lung fibrosis", "Interstitial pneumonitis", "Bronchiolitis obliterans with organising pneumonia", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Exudate pleural effusion"], "Description": ["\"5% incidence with high-dose amiodarone\nAmiodarone inhibits lysosomal phospholipase\""]}
,{"Name": "Yellow fever", "Causes": ["Arbovirus"], "Effects": ["Hepatocellular jaundice", "Bleeding disorder"], "Parents": ["Live vaccine", "Notifiable disease", "Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"], "Description": ["\"Caused by yellow fever virus and spread by mosquito.\nGenus -Flavivirus\n200", "000 infections and 30", "000 deaths every year.\n90% occurring in Africa.\nMost cases are a mild infection.\nFatality rate 3%\n\nNo cure available.\nAntivirals do not help.\nHospitalization advisable and intensive care may be necessary because of rapid deterioration in some cases.\nAcetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) should not be given because of its anticoagulant effect.\""]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial infections of skin", "Parents": ["Infectious skin disease"], "Children": ["Folliculitis", "Impetigo", "Erysipelas", "Ecthyma", "Cellulitis", "Paronychia"]}
,{"Name": "Chest infection", "Causes": ["Prolonged immobilisation"]}
,{"Name": "Hypercalcaemia", "Synonyms": ["High calcium"], "Causes": ["Prolonged immobilisation", "Excess parathyroid hormone", "Carcinoma of breast", "Osteolysis", "Lung malignancy", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Ovarian tumour", "Hypervitaminosis D", "Paget disease", "Bronchial carcinoma", "Milk-alkali syndrome", "Thiazide", "Lithium", "Sarcoidosis", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Decreased aldosterone", "Familial hypercalciuric hypercalcaemia", "Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia", "Williams syndrome", "Calcium", "Epithelial ovarian tumour"], "Effects": ["Fatigue", "Impaired concentrating ability", "Depression", "Acute abdominal pain", "Metabolic bone disease", "Peptic ulcer", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Acute pancreatitis", "Ectopic calcification", "Corneal calcification", "Band Keratopathy", "Digoxin toxicity", "Short QT interval", "Hypercalciuria"], "Parents": ["Electrolyte imbalance"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Frusemide", "Electrolyte imbalance", "Bisphosphonate", "Prednisolone", "Mithramycin"], "Description": ["\"Management of acute hypercalcaemia:\r\n\r\n1. Hydration (>2 Liters per day)\r\n\r\n2. Diuretics:\r\n          Furosemide (Lasix) 40-160 mg/day\r\n          Ethacrynic Acid 50-200 mg/day\r\n\r\n3. Electrolytes\r\n        Sodium 600-900 mmol/day\r\n        Potassium 60 mmol/day\r\n        Magnesium 60 mmol/day\r\n        Phosphate (Neutra-phos) 250 mg PO q6h\r\n\r\n4. Disphosphonate (Etidronate)\r\n       15-30 mg IV q2-6h for 3-6 days\r\n      1200 mg/PO for 6 days\r\n\r\n5. Prednisone 5-15 mg PO q6h\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Ergot alkaloid", "Synonyms": ["Claviceps purpurea extract"], "Effects": ["St. Anthony's fire", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Methysergide", "Bromocriptine", "Ergonovine", "Ergotamine", "Ergometrine", "Lysergic acid diethylamide"], "Treats": ["Migraine", "Post-partum haemorrhage"], "Description": ["\"Ergotism= chronic ergot poisoning (St.Anthony's fire)\nDue to ingestion of  alkaloids produced by the Claviceps purpurea fungus that infects rye.\n\nErgot fungi refers to a group of fungi of the genus Clavicep.\n\nFrom Old French 'argot'=\"cock's spur\" - from the shape the fungus on the diseased grain.\n\nClinical usage:\n1)Dihydroergotamine - orthostatic hypotension\n2)Methylsergide - migraine prophyalxis\n3)Bromocriptine - lactation suppression\n4)Ergonovine - prevention& treatment of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Monocyte activation", "Causes": ["Transforming growth factor-beta", "Beta-chemokine"], "Parents": ["Immune response"]}
,{"Name": "Bielschowsky test", "Synonyms": ["Parks\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBielschowsky three-step test"], "Causes": ["Trochlear nerve palsy"], "Description": ["\"Tipping the patient\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds head from shoulder to shoulder to see if this improves or exacerbates double vision", "as will be the case when the head is respectively tilted away from or toward the affected side in a unilateral trochlear (IV) nerve lesion. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "Synonyms": ["ITP", "Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura", "Immune thrombocytopenic purpura"], "Effects": ["Antiplatelet antibody", "Splenomegaly"], "Description": ["\"IgG mediated.\""]}
,{"Name": "Large cell carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["Clear cell lung carcinoma", "Clear cell carcinoma of lung", "Oat cell carcinoma of lung"], "Parents": ["Bronchial carcinoma"], "Description": ["\"10% of bronchial carcinoma\""]}
,{"Name": "Wickham striae", "Causes": ["Lichen planus"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Cervical incompetence", "Effects": ["Miscarriage"]}
,{"Name": "Pelvic inflammatory disease", "Synonyms": ["PID"], "Causes": ["Gonorrhoea", "Chlamydial veneral infection"], "Effects": ["Right iliac fossa pain", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Deep dyspareunia", "Infertility"], "Parents": ["Pelvic infection"], "Treatments": ["Ceftriaxone", "Doxycycline"], "Description": ["\"DIAGNOSIS:\n1.Cervical motion tenderness\n2.Uterine tenderness\n3.Adnexal tenderness\n\nClinical diagnosis alone is accurate (when compared with imaging and laparoscopy)\n1.Test Sensitivity: 87%\n2.Test Specificity: 50%\n3.Positive Predictive Value: 65-90%\n\n\nDIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:\n- Ruptured Ovarian Cyst\n - Ectopic Pregnancy\n- Appendicitis\n -Urinary Tract Infection\n -Ovarian Torsion\n\nMANAGEMENT:\nDo not delay treatment while waiting for labs!\""]}
,{"Name": "21-hydroxylase deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Congenital adrenal hyperplasia", "CAH"], "Causes": ["CYP21A2  gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Decreased aldosterone", "Low glucocorticoid", "Increased androgen secretion", "Elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone", "Tall stature"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Converts progrsterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone\nCYP21A2 \""]}
,{"Name": "Bronchial carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["Carcinoma of bronchus", "Bronchocarcinoma", "Bronchogenic carcinoma"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking", "Asbestos inhalation"], "Effects": ["Haemoptysis", "Bronchial breathing", "Monophonic wheeze", "Blocked bronchus", "Fingernail clubbing", "Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy", "Horner syndrome", "Atrial fibrillation", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Livedo reticularis", "Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Dermatomyositis", "Thrombophlebitis migrans", "Hypercalcaemia", "Pneumonectomy", "Krukenberg tumour"], "Parents": ["Lung malignancy"], "Children": ["Squamous cell carcinoma of lung", "Adenocarcinoma of lung", "Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Large cell carcinoma", "Bronchioalveolar carcinoma", "Combined lung carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Persistent truncus arteriosus", "Causes": ["DiGeorge syndrome", "Velocardiofacial syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cyanotic congenital heart disease"], "Description": ["\"truncus divides abnormally when forming PA and aorta\""]}
,{"Name": "Enophthalmos", "Synonyms": ["Sunken eye"], "Causes": ["Horner syndrome"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Actinomyces", "Effects": ["Retroperitoneal fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Anaerobe", "Gram positive bacillus"], "Children": ["Thermoactinomyces vulgaris", "Thermoactinomyces sacchari"]}
,{"Name": "Cystathione beta-synthase deficiency", "Causes": ["CBS gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Homocysteinaemia", "Genetic hypercoagulable state"], "Description": ["\"This enzyme acts in a chemical pathway and is responsible for using vitamin B6 to convert building block of proteins (amino acid) called homocysteine and serine to a molecule called cytathionine. Another enzyme then converts cystathionine to the amino acid cysteine", "which is used to build proteins or is broken down and excreted in urine. \""]}
,{"Name": "Kuru", "Causes": ["Cannibalism"], "Effects": ["Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Prion disease"]}
,{"Name": "Atrophic vaginitis", "Causes": ["Post menopause"], "Effects": ["Vaginitis"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Low APGAR score", "Causes": ["Meconium aspiration"], "Parents": ["Obstetric sign"]}
,{"Name": "Antisocial behaviour", "Causes": ["XYY syndrome", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder"], "Parents": ["Behavioural change"]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial meningitis", "Causes": ["Meningococcus", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Escherichia coli", "Listeria monocytogenes", "Chronic suppurative otitis media", "Sinusitis", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Quaternary syphilis", "Canicola fever", "Gonorrhoea", "Whipple's disease", "Pertussis", "Brain surgery", "Group B streptococcus"], "Effects": ["Purulent cerebrospinal fluid", "Low CSF glucose", "Elevated protein in CSF", "Partially treated bacterial meningitis", "Jugular foramen syndrome", "Froin syndrome", "Gram positive sepsis"], "Parents": ["Meningitis", "Local infection", "Childhood infections"], "Description": ["\"Mortality >70% if untreated\""]}
,{"Name": "High fibre diet", "Parents": ["Diet"], "Treats": ["Irritable bowel syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Sterile pyuria", "Causes": ["Renal calculi", "Renal papillary necrosis", "Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Urinary tract tuberculosis", "Interstitial cystitis", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Transitional cell carcinoma of urinary tract", "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Adult polycystic kidney disease"], "Effects": ["Cloudy urine"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Roseola infantum", "Synonyms": ["Exanthem subitum"], "Causes": ["Human herpes virus type 6", "Human herpes virus type 7"], "Effects": ["Fever", "Exanthemous rash", "Febrile convulsion"]}
,{"Name": "Acrodynia", "Synonyms": ["Pink disease"], "Causes": ["Mercury"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Description": ["\"pink discoloration of hands - in children chronically exposed to heavy metals", "especially mercury.\n\nMercury compounds were historically used as:\n - laxatives \n - diuretics \n - antiseptics \n - antimicrobial drugs for syphilis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Lightning strike", "Synonyms": ["Struck by lightning"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Macroglossia", "Synonyms": ["Large tongue", "Enlarged tongue"], "Causes": ["Cretinism", "Acromegaly", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Down syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Pachydermoperiostosis", "Glycogen storage disorder type II"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign", "Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Multiparity", "Effects": ["Cervical cancer", "Placenta praevia", "Umblical cord prolapse"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "BLM gene mutation", "Effects": ["Bloom syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 15q26.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Radical Cystectomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Interstitial cystitis", "Squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Adenocarcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Erlotnib", "Parents": ["EGFR inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Interferon alpha", "Synonyms": ["Interferon-alpha", "IFN-alpha", "IFN alpha", "IFN-?", "Interferon ?"], "Effects": ["Myositis"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"], "Treats": ["Kaposi sarcoma", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Chronic myeloid leukaemia", "Hepatitis B", "Hepatitis C"], "Description": ["\"lymphocyte response\""]}
,{"Name": "Haemolytic anaemia", "Causes": ["Extravascular haemolysis", "Intravascular haemolysis", "Vitamin E deficiency"], "Effects": ["Reticulocytosis", "Haemosiderosis", "Marrow normoblastosis", "Increased erythropoiesis", "Aplastic crisis", "Iron deficiency anaemia", "Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia", "Haemolytic jaundice", "Kernicterus"], "Parents": ["Anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Oliguric renal failure", "Effects": ["Hyperkalaemia"], "Parents": ["Renal failure"]}
,{"Name": "Rheumatological pathology", "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Arthropathy", "Synovitis", "Gout", "Pseudogout", "Osteoporosis", "Osteomalacia", "Polymyalgia rheumatica", "Cervical spondylosis", "Tendonopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Narcotic", "Effects": ["Cheyne-Stokes respiration", "Reduced fetal movement", "Respiratory depression"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Opiate-receptor agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Viral gastroenteritis", "Causes": ["Small round-structured virus", "Echovirus", "Norwalk agent", "Rotavirus", "Immunosuppressed CMV infection"], "Parents": ["Infective gastroenteritis"]}
,{"Name": "STK11 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Peutz-Jegher syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 19p13.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Phospholipase A2 activation", "Synonyms": ["PLA2 activation"], "Causes": ["Interleukin-1"], "Effects": ["Platelet activating factor"], "Parents": ["Immune response"]}
,{"Name": "Testosterone replacement", "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Urological drug", "Hormone"], "Treats": ["Low testosterone"]}
,{"Name": "von Graefe sign", "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Upper lid lag on downward gaze.\""]}
,{"Name": "Parotid tumour", "Synonyms": ["papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum", "adenolymphoma"], "Parents": ["Tumour"], "Children": ["Parotid pleiomorphic adenoma", "Warthin tumour", "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["ACE inhibitor", "ACEI", "ACE-inhibitor"], "Effects": ["Decreased angiotensin II", "Psoriasis", "Digoxin toxicity", "Non-immunological urticaria"], "Parents": ["Diuretic", "Teratogenic drug"], "Children": ["Captopril", "Enalapril", "Ramipril", "Perindopril", "Lisinopril"], "Treats": ["Heart failure", "Mitral regurgitation", "Nephrotic syndrome", "Raynaud phenomenon"]}
,{"Name": "Subconjunctival haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Ocular trauma", "Paroxysmal coughing", "Valsalva manoevure", "Hypertension", "Infective endocarditis", "Pertussis", "Bleeding disorder", "Scurvy"], "Effects": ["Conjunctival injection"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-fungal agent", "Synonyms": ["Antifungal drug"], "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Fluconazole", "Ketoconazole", "Itraconazole", "Amphotericin B", "Griseofulvin", "Nystatin", "Selenium", "Terbinafine", "Caspofungin", "Pentamidine"]}
,{"Name": "Defective phagocyte function", "Synonyms": ["Impaired phagocytosis"], "Causes": ["Myeloperoxidase deficiency", "Defective neutrophil chemotaxis", "Defective lysosome formation"], "Effects": ["Neutropenia"], "Parents": ["Immunological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Excessive fluid intake", "Synonyms": ["Compulsive water drinking neurosis"], "Effects": ["Polyuria"]}
,{"Name": "Chicken skin", "Synonyms": ["Chicken-skin appearance", "Plucked chicken appearance"], "Causes": ["Pseudoxanthoma elasticum"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Infectious disease", "Synonyms": ["Infection"], "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Bacterial infection", "Viral infection", "Fungal infection", "Spirochaete infection", "Prion disease", "Parasitic infection", "Chronic infection", "Local infection", "Opportunistic infection", "Blood-borne disease", "Venereal disease", "Zoonosis", "Notifiable disease", "Contagious disease"]}
,{"Name": "Sacroiliitis", "Synonyms": ["Sacro-iliitis"], "Causes": ["Seronegative spondyloarthritis", "Reiter's syndrome", "Inflammatory bowel associated arthritis", "Brucellosis"], "Parents": ["Arthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Bazin disease", "Synonyms": ["Cutaneous tuberculosis"], "Causes": ["Miliary tuberculosis"]}
,{"Name": "Pelger-Huet neutrophil", "Synonyms": ["Pelger cell"], "Causes": ["Myelodysplastic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Parainfluenza virus", "Effects": ["Croup", "Upper respiratory tract infection"], "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus"], "Treatments": ["Inhaled epinephrine", "Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Faecal incontinence", "Causes": ["Anal sphincter dysfunction"], "Parents": ["Incontinence"]}
,{"Name": "Autosomal dominant disorder", "Parents": ["Genetic disease"], "Children": ["Achondroplasia", "Huntington disease", "Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Marfan syndrome", "Retinoblastoma", "Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome", "Myotonic dystrophy", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "Hereditary spherocytosis", "Von Willebrand disease", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Familial adenomatous polyposis coli", "Gardener's syndrome", "Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Neurofibromatosis", "Medullary thyroid cancer", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Osteopetrosis", "Cranio-cleido dysostosis", "Phakomatosis", "Hereditary angioedema", "Malignant hyperpyrexia", "Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease", "Alagille syndrome", "Alport syndrome", "Apert syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Erb's muscular dystrophy", "Holt-Oram syndrome", "Howel-Evans syndrome", "Li-Fraumeni syndrome", "Job syndrome", "Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome", "Sturge-Weber syndrome", "Treacher Collins syndrome", "Ward-Romano syndrome", "Williams syndrome", "Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome", "Spinocerebellar ataxia", "Olivopontocerebellar degeneration", "Myotonia congenita", "Torsion dystonia", "Central core myopathy", "Centronuclear myopathy", "Tau protein mutation", "Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy", "Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I", "Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy", "Benign essential tremor", "Tuberous sclerosis", "Pseudoxanthoma elasticum", "Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy", "Fuch's dystrophy", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Cutis laxa", "Dysplastic Naevus", "Darier disease", "Ichthyosis vulgaris", "Tylosis", "Cerebral autosomal dominant angiopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy", "Schnyder corneal dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Chlorpheniramine", "Synonyms": ["Piriton"], "Parents": ["H1-antagonist"]}
,{"Name": "Excessive salivation", "Synonyms": ["Overproduction of saliva", "Excessive saliva production"], "Causes": ["Muscarinic agonist", "Morvan syndrome"], "Effects": ["Drooling"]}
,{"Name": "Wrinkles", "Treatments": ["Botulinum toxin"]}
,{"Name": "Peritoneal metastasis", "Causes": ["Ovarian tumour", "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Gastric adenocarcinoma"], "Effects": ["Ascitic lymphocytosis"], "Parents": ["Metastasis"]}
,{"Name": "Charcot's neurological triad", "Causes": ["Multiple sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Nystagmus", "Intention tremor", "Staccato speech"], "Parents": ["Vitamin A deficiency"], "Description": ["\"Not pathognomic of MS.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cyst aspiration", "Parents": ["Radiological procedure"], "Treats": ["Adult polycystic kidney disease"]}
,{"Name": "Alkaptonuria triad", "Causes": ["Alkaptonuria"], "Effects": ["Ochronotic arthritis", "Ochronotic pigmentation", "Dark urine"]}
,{"Name": "Black rain", "Causes": ["Vitreous haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Erythema gyratum repens", "Synonyms": ["Grim reaper", "Gammel's disease"], "Causes": ["Metastasis"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Description": ["\"Paraneoplastic condition.\nHyperkeratotic hyperpigmented whorls.\nFigurate erythema that is rapidly moving. \nMarker of underlying cancer -usually from the lung.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Choroidal tubercles", "Causes": ["Miliary tuberculosis"], "Description": ["\"lesions 1/4 diameter of optic disc\nyellowish", "shiny", "raised\""]}
,{"Name": "Leukotriene antagonist", "Synonyms": ["Leucotriene blocker"], "Effects": ["Bronchodilation"], "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"], "Children": ["Montelukast"], "Treats": ["Asthma"]}
,{"Name": "Abrasion", "Synonyms": ["Graze"], "Effects": ["Soft tissue injury"]}
,{"Name": "Thiopentone", "Parents": ["Barbiturate"]}
,{"Name": "Psychiatric drug", "Parents": ["Drug", "Psychiatry"], "Children": ["Antidepressant", "Neuroleptic drug", "Barbiturate", "Mood stabiliser", "Methylphenidate"]}
,{"Name": "Medullary cystic disease", "Effects": ["Polyuric renal failure", "Renal cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Myometrial cancer", "Synonyms": ["Endometrial leiomyosarcoma"], "Causes": ["African origin"], "Parents": ["Uterine cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary embolus", "Synonyms": ["PE", "Pulmonary embolism", "Pulmonary infarct"], "Effects": ["Breathlessness", "Pleuritic chest pain", "Cough", "Haemoptysis", "Acute hypoxia", "Exudate pleural effusion", "Pulmonary infarct", "Atrial fibrillation", "Hypocapnia", "Decreased KCO", "Cavitating lung lesion", "Positive ventilation-perfusion scan", "Bloody pleural effusion", "Hypoxic respiratory failure", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Raised troponin", "Asystole", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology"], "Children": ["Thrombotic pulmonary embolus", "Major pulmonary embolus", "Amniotic fluid embolism", "Fat embolus", "Air embolus"], "Treatments": ["Fractionated heparin"], "Description": ["\"50% due to DVT\""]}
,{"Name": "Tic-borne protozoal disease", "Parents": ["Tic-borne disease"], "Children": ["Babesiosis"]}
,{"Name": "Lamellar icthyosis", "Effects": ["Colloidon baby"], "Parents": ["Ichthyosis", "Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"Collodion baby (neonate encased in a membrane)\""]}
,{"Name": "Congenital aortic valve malformation", "Causes": ["Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Turner syndrome", "Bicuspid aortic valve"], "Effects": ["Aortic stenosis", "Aortic regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Acyanotic heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Impaired upgaze", "Synonyms": ["Paralysis of upgaze", "Impaired upward gaze"], "Causes": ["Parinaud syndrome"], "Parents": ["Ophthalmoplegia"]}
,{"Name": "General paresis of insane", "Synonyms": ["GPI"], "Causes": ["Neurosyphilis"], "Effects": ["Psychosis", "Neurological mental disorder"], "Parents": ["Dementia"], "Description": ["\"Usually fatal.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Genito-urinary pathology", "Synonyms": ["GU pathology"], "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Genitourinary carcinoma", "Urethral stricture", "Benign prostatic hypertrophy", "Renal calculi"]}
,{"Name": "Benign familial neonatal convulsions", "Synonyms": ["M current mutation", "KCNQ mutation"], "Parents": ["Channelopathy", "Epileptic seizure"], "Description": ["\"M current is the low threshold current modulated by muscarinic receptors\""]}
,{"Name": "Tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Synonyms": ["TNF alpha", "TNF-alpha", "TNF-?"], "Causes": ["Bacterial infection", "Phagocyte activation", "Endotoxin"], "Effects": ["Phagocyte activation", "Anaemia of chronic disease", "Osteolysis", "Interferon gamma", "Fibroblast proliferation", "Interleukin-6", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome"], "Parents": ["Inflammatory cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Microphthalmia", "Causes": ["Patau syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Palpitation", "Synonyms": ["Palpitations"], "Causes": ["Atrial fibrillation", "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Stokes-Adams attack", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Mitral valve prolapse", "Sinus tachycardia", "Mitral stenosis", "Panic attack"], "Parents": ["Cardiovascular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Parathyroidectomy", "Effects": ["Hungry bone syndrome", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury"], "Parents": ["Neck surgery"], "Treats": ["Tertiary hyperparathyroidism", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism"]}
,{"Name": "Rigidity", "Causes": ["Kernicterus"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Clasp knife rigidity", "Lead pipe rigidity", "Cogwheel rigidity", "Axial rigidity"]}
,{"Name": "Condyloma accuminata", "Synonyms": ["Genital wart"], "Parents": ["Papilloma"], "Children": ["Vulval wart", "Anal wart"]}
,{"Name": "Leprosy", "Synonyms": ["Hansen disease"], "Causes": ["Mycobacterium leprae"], "Effects": ["Hypopigmented macules", "Infectious neuropathy", "Small fibre neuropathy", "Scleritis", "Episcleritis", "Rheumatoid factor positive", "Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Charcot joints", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Uveitis"], "Parents": ["Chronic bacterial infection", "Contagious disease"], "Children": ["Lepromatous leprosy", "Tuberculoid leprosy"], "Treatments": ["Dapsone", "Rifampicin"], "Description": ["\"Incubation = months", "years.\nRx Dapsone", "clofazimine\""]}
,{"Name": "Gastrointestinal malformations", "Parents": ["Congenital malformation"], "Children": ["Oesophageal atresia", "Gastroschisis", "Omphalocoele", "Dieulafoy lesion", "Duodenal atresia", "Malrotation of gut", "Meckels diverticulum", "Angiodysplasia of colon", "Hirschsprung disease", "Anal atresia"]}
,{"Name": "Arthropathy", "Parents": ["Rheumatological pathology"], "Children": ["Arthritis", "Osteoarthritis", "Premature arthropathy", "Haemarthrosis", "Charcot joints", "Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy", "Cheiroarthropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Elective laparotomy", "Parents": ["Emergency laparotomy"]}
,{"Name": "Keratoconus", "Effects": ["Corneal opacity"]}
,{"Name": "Chromium deficiency", "Effects": ["Vitamin deficiency neuropathy", "Impaired glucose tolerance", "Toxic encephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Mineral deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Enterovirus", "Effects": ["Viral meningitis", "Infective conjunctivitis", "Transverse myelitis"], "Parents": ["Picornavirus"], "Children": ["Coxsackie virus", "Poliovirus", "Echovirus", "Hepatitis A"]}
,{"Name": "Median neuropathy", "Causes": ["Carpal tunnel syndrome"], "Effects": ["Ochner test positive"], "Parents": ["Mononeuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Hot potato speech", "Synonyms": ["Pseudobulbar speech"], "Causes": ["Quinsy", "Cerebral palsy", "Pseudobulbar palsy"], "Parents": ["Speech sign"], "Description": ["\"Spastic dysarthria is caused by a paucity of movement of the muscles of speech \""]}
,{"Name": "Urinary casts", "Parents": ["Urinalysis"], "Children": ["Hyaline casts", "Granular casts", "Urinary red cell casts", "White cell casts", "Epithelial casts", "Bacterial casts", "Tubular casts", "Fatty casts"], "Description": ["\"\nHyaline casts\n  commonest cast\n  solidified Tamm-Horsfall protein secreted from  tubular epithelial cells .\n  \nGranular cast \n   second commonest\n   plasma protein aggregates\n\nRed cell cast\n  -Glomerular damage from vasculitis\n  -Subacute Bacterial endicarditis\n - Renal infarction\n\nWhite cell casts - Pyelonephritis\n\nBacterial casts - Pyelonephritis\n\nEpithelial casts \n - Acute tubular necrosis\n - Salicylate posoning\n  -Mercury\""]}
,{"Name": "Liver cyst", "Causes": ["Adult polycystic kidney disease"], "Parents": ["Cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Causes": ["STK11 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Colonic polyp", "Nasal polyp", "Bronchial polyp", "Hyperpigmented maculae on lips", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Intussusception", "Carcinoma of breast", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Ovarian tumour", "Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Malignant transformation", "Duodenal filling defect", "Adenocarcinoma of lung"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Small bowel tumour", "Congenital neoplastic syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Average age of first diagnosis 23.\n\nFeatures:\n - Hamartomatous polyps in small intestine", "colon", "bronchus", "nose\n  - Hyperpigmented maccules on the lips", "palms and soles.\n  - Bowel obstruction from intussusception.\n -  GI bleed\n\nThe polyps  only have a small malignant potential.\n\nHowever there is an Increased risk of carcinoma of :\nGI tract: oesophagus", "stomach", "small bowel", "colon", "rectum\nPancreas", "liver", "lungs", "Breast", "Ovaries.\nThyroid\n\n50% of patients  die from cancer by the age  57.\n\nCancer susceptibility arises from mutation activating serine/threonine kinase.\""]}
,{"Name": "Large fibre neuropathy", "Synonyms": ["A-fibre neuropathy", "A-delta fibre neuropathy", "Large-fibre neuropathy", "Sensory neuropathy"], "Causes": ["Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Sjogren syndrome", "Ganglionopathy", "Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy"], "Effects": ["Sensory ataxia", "Loss of proprioception"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Retained secretion", "Causes": ["Prolonged immobilisation"], "Effects": ["Bronchial plug"]}
,{"Name": "Blood Group A", "Effects": ["Gastric adenocarcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Serum electrophoresis", "Parents": ["Blood investigation", "Immunological investigation"], "Children": ["Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Monoclonal band", "Type III cryoglobulinaemia", "Donath Landsteiner IgG", "Selective IgA deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Gastric antral vascular ectasia", "Synonyms": ["GAVE", "Watermelon stomach", "Watermelon disease"], "Causes": ["Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Upper gastrointestinal bleed"]}
,{"Name": "Desaturation", "Synonyms": ["Decreased colour vision", "Impaired colour perception"], "Causes": ["Macular degeneration", "Optic nerve compression", "Red-green colour blindness", "Optic atrophy", "Macular oedema"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Retro-orbital pain", "Synonyms": ["Pain behind eye"], "Causes": ["Dengue fever", "Cluster headache"], "Parents": ["Headache"]}
,{"Name": "Fixed half dilated pupil", "Causes": ["Acute glaucoma"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Mastoiditis", "Parents": ["Otological disease"], "Children": ["Acute mastoiditis", "Chronic mastoiditis"]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial pericarditis", "Causes": ["Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Whipple's disease"], "Effects": ["Pericarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Yellow nail syndrome", "Causes": ["Impaired lymphatic drainage of nail"], "Effects": ["Transudate pleural effusion", "Pericardial effusion", "Chronic pulmonary infection"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cavernous haemangioma", "Effects": ["Cosmetic disfigurement", "Upper airway obstruction"], "Parents": ["Vascular malformation of brain", "Haemangioma"], "Children": ["Sturge-Weber syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Beneath skin surface \n soft", "bluie  mass.\n\nPathology\n -  jumbled growths of blood vessels fed by numerous tributary arteries\n -  making surgicalremoval extraordinarily difficult and risky.\n -  can occur in internal organs like the liver", "kidney.\n -  Can attain great size \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Systolic murmur", "Parents": ["Murmur"], "Children": ["Ejection systolic murmur", "Pansystolic murmur", "Systolic murmur radiating to back"]}
,{"Name": "Rhinovirus", "Synonyms": ["Common cold virus"], "Effects": ["Sinusitis", "Upper respiratory tract infection"], "Parents": ["Picornavirus"]}
,{"Name": "Bone marrow suppression", "Synonyms": ["Myelosuppression"], "Causes": ["Bone marrow infiltration", "Immunological bone marrow destruction", "Pernicious anaemia", "Cytotoxic drug", "Phenytoin", "Azathioprine", "Mycophenolate mofetil", "Allopurinol", "Sulphonamide", "Osteopetrosis"], "Effects": ["Pancytopaenia", "Ineffective granulopoiesis", "Myelophthisic anaemia", "Decreased platelet production", "Immunosuppression"]}
,{"Name": "Acute glomerulonephritis", "Synonyms": ["Acute GN"], "Causes": ["Acute post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Hereditary nephritis"], "Effects": ["Acute nephritic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Glomerulonephritis", "Renal disease"]}
,{"Name": "Subtotal villous atrophy", "Causes": ["Coeliac disease", "Tropical sprue", "Bowel bacterial overgrowth", "Whipple's disease", "Infective gastroenteritis", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Neomycin", "Laxative abuse", "Norwalk agent", "Lactose intolerance"], "Effects": ["Flocculation of barium"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Low intracranial pressure", "Synonyms": ["Orthostatic headache", "Headache exacerbated by standing", "Headache relieved by lying", "Low-pressure headache", "Low pressure syndrome"], "Causes": ["Lumbar puncture", "Ventriculoperitoneal shunt", "Spontaneous intracranial hypotension", "Spinal trauma", "Brain surgery"], "Effects": ["Secondary headache", "Dizziness", "Decreased concentration"]}
,{"Name": "Immunoglobulin", "Effects": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"], "Parents": ["Immunosuppressant drug"], "Treats": ["Hepatitis B"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital dislocation of hip", "Synonyms": ["CDH", "Congentinal dislocation of the hip", "Congenital hip dislocation"], "Causes": ["Phenylketonuria"], "Parents": ["Lower limb deformity"], "Treatments": ["Arthroplasty"]}
,{"Name": "TSH receptor antibody", "Synonyms": ["TSH-R antibody", "Long-acting thyroid stimulator", "LATS"], "Effects": ["Graves disease"], "Parents": ["Thyroid antibody"], "Description": ["\"Crosses placenta\""]}
,{"Name": "Werner syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Premature ageing syndrome"], "Effects": ["Short stature", "Alopecia", "Impaired glucose tolerance", "Congenital cataract"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 8\""]}
,{"Name": "Common variable immunodeficiency", "Synonyms": ["Common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia"], "Effects": ["Defective T-cell function", "Defective B-cell function", "Capsulated organism", "Giardiasis", "Campylobacter jejuni", "Herpes virus"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency"], "Description": ["\"Age 20-30\""]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I", "Synonyms": ["HMSN I", "HMSN 1", "HMSN1", "HSMN 1", "CMT 1"], "Effects": ["Thickened peripheral nerves", "Demyelination of peripheral nerve"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "X-linked dominant disorder", "Autosomal recessive disorder", "Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Heterogeneity of inheritance\""]}
,{"Name": "Cyanosis", "Causes": ["Meconium aspiration"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"], "Children": ["Central cyanosis", "Peripheral cyanosis"]}
,{"Name": "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Causes": ["Richter syndrome", "Follicular lymphoma", "Heavy chain disease", "Severe T-cell immunodeficiency"], "Effects": ["Diffuse intestinal disease", "Epstein Barr virus", "Localised lymphadenopathy", "Non-nodal lymphoid mass"], "Parents": ["Non-hodgkin lymphoma"]}
,{"Name": "MEN1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["MEN I"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 11q13\""]}
,{"Name": "Solar keratosis", "Causes": ["Xeroderma pigmentosa"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Negative inotropic effect", "Synonyms": ["Decreased inotropic effect"], "Causes": ["Class II antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IV antiarrhythmic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Schiller-Duval body", "Causes": ["Yolk sac tumour"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Sensory loss", "Synonyms": ["Loss of sensation", "Numbness", "Sensory deficit"], "Effects": ["Atrophic skin"], "Children": ["Loss of proprioception", "Loss of vibration sense", "Loss of light touch", "Loss of pinprick sensation", "Loss of temperature sensation", "Sensory level", "Localised sensory loss", "Glove and stocking sensory loss", "Limb sensory loss", "Loss of deep pain sensation", "Haenel sign", "Pitres sign", "Dissociated sensory loss", "Hemisensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital haematological disorder", "Parents": ["Congenital disease"], "Children": ["Hereditary spherocytosis", "Haemoglobinopathy", "Haemophilia A", "Von Willebrand disease", "Primary haemochromatosis", "Fanconi anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Dysgraphia", "Synonyms": ["Agraphia"], "Causes": ["Gerstmann syndrome", "Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome", "Semantic dementia"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"Inability to write\""]}
,{"Name": "Potassium therapy", "Synonyms": ["K+ therapy"], "Effects": ["Hyperkalaemia"], "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Treats": ["Bartter syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Ipsilateral ataxia", "Synonyms": ["Ipsilesional ataxia"], "Causes": ["Lateral medullary syndrome", "Nothnagel syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cerebellar ataxia"]}
,{"Name": "Levodopa", "Synonyms": ["L-DOPA", "Laevo-dihydroxyphenylalanine"], "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Postural hypotension", "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Warm antibody haemolysis", "Malignant melanoma"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Treats": ["Parkinsonism", "Laughter"]}
,{"Name": "Coning of medulla", "Causes": ["Lumbar puncture", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Posterior fossa space occupying lesion"], "Effects": ["Cheyne-Stokes respiration", "Central hypoventilation", "Sudden death", "Fixed dilated pupils"], "Parents": ["Brain herniation"]}
,{"Name": "Intravenous immunoglobulin", "Synonyms": ["IVIG", "IV immunoglobulin", "Intravenous IG"], "Effects": ["Noninfective meningitis"], "Parents": ["Antibody", "Drug"], "Children": ["Antithymocyte immunoglobulin"], "Treats": ["Dermatomyositis", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Multifocal motor neuropathy", "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy", "Rabies"]}
,{"Name": "White cell casts", "Parents": ["Urinary casts"]}
,{"Name": "Erythromelalgia", "Causes": ["Polycythaemia"], "Parents": ["Erythema"]}
,{"Name": "Ovarian fibroma", "Synonyms": ["Meig tumour"], "Effects": ["Meig syndrome", "Inappropriately raised erythropoietin"], "Parents": ["Sex cord tumour", "Benign neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Erythema marginatum", "Causes": ["Rheumatic fever"], "Parents": ["Erythema"]}
,{"Name": "Incomplete evacuation", "Causes": ["Irritable bowel syndrome", "Solitary rectal ulcer"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Haenel sign", "Synonyms": ["Loss of pain sensation on eyeball", "Analgesia to eyeball pressure"], "Causes": ["Loss of deep pain sensation"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss", "Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Appendix abscess", "Causes": ["Appendicitis"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"], "Description": ["\"Results from localised perforation \nAbscess should be surgically drained \""]}
,{"Name": "Lump Superficial to maseter", "Causes": ["Parotid pleiomorphic adenoma"], "Parents": ["Neck sign"]}
,{"Name": "Klumpke palsy", "Synonyms": ["Klumpke's paralysis"], "Effects": ["Ulnar claw hand"], "Parents": ["Brachial plexus lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Ethylene glycol", "Synonyms": ["Antifreeze"], "Effects": ["Increased H ion intake"]}
,{"Name": "Opisthotonus", "Synonyms": ["hyperextended back"], "Causes": ["Kernicterus", "Tetany", "Lithium", "Decerebrate posturing", "Oculogyric crisis"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Adrenal calcification", "Causes": ["Lipid storage disorder", "Wolman disease"], "Parents": ["Abdominal X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Fibrocystic disease of the breast", "Causes": ["Sex hormone imbalance"], "Effects": ["Cyclical breast pain", "Breast cyst", "Breast fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Breast disease"], "Treatments": ["Bromocriptine", "Danazol", "Ibuprofen"], "Description": ["\"Subsides after menopause\nDiagnosis- Biopsy\nNo treatment required\""]}
,{"Name": "Croup", "Causes": ["Parainfluenza virus"], "Effects": ["Barking cough", "Hoarse voice", "Stridor"], "Parents": ["Contagious disease", "Childhood infections"], "Description": ["\"Laryngotracheitis.\nSelf-limiting. Resolves in 48 hrs.\nFrom obsolete verb croup \"croak\"\""]}
,{"Name": "Deafness", "Synonyms": ["Hearing loss"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom", "Hearing symptom"], "Children": ["Conductive deafness", "Sensorineural deafness", "Congenital deafness"], "Description": ["\"Both sensorineural and conductive deafness occur in these three conditons.\""]}
,{"Name": "Vancomycin", "Effects": ["Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Glycopeptide"], "Treats": ["Staphylococcus aureus", "Pseudomembranous colitis"]}
,{"Name": "Eustachian tube dysfunction", "Effects": ["Earache", "Glue ear"]}
,{"Name": "Total Parotidectomy", "Parents": ["Neck surgery", "Warthin tumour"], "Treats": ["Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid"]}
,{"Name": "Thrombophlebitis migrans", "Synonyms": ["Trousseau's thrombophlebitis", "Trousseau thrombophlebitis", "Migratory thrombophlebitis"], "Causes": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Bronchial carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Thrombophlebitis"]}
,{"Name": "Adolescence", "Effects": ["Acne vulgaris"]}
,{"Name": "Fenestrated semilunar valves", "Causes": ["Down syndrome"], "Effects": ["Aortic regurgitation", "Pulmonary regurgitation"]}
,{"Name": "Splenic response to infection", "Causes": ["Miliary tuberculosis", "Infectious mononucleosis", "Cytomegalovirus", "Malaria", "Infective endocarditis", "Schistosomiasis", "Typhoid fever", "Toxoplasmosis", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Brucellosis", "Syphilis", "Echinococcosis", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Leishmania donovani", "Rickettsia", "Psittacosis", "Babesiosis"], "Effects": ["Splenomegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Contact lens", "Effects": ["Superficial keratitis", "Conjunctival injection"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Racoon sign", "Synonyms": ["Periocular haemorrhage", "Orbital bleeding"], "Causes": ["Base of skull fracture"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"periorbital ecchymosis \""]}
,{"Name": "Premature membrane rupture", "Synonyms": ["Premature rupture of membranes", "PRoM"], "Effects": ["Oligohydramnios", "Umblical cord prolapse"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy", "Complication of childbirth"], "Description": ["\"Incidence:\nPremature rupture of membranes (PROM) =15%.\nPreterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)=  3%  \""]}
,{"Name": "Pupil sign", "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Children": ["Loewi sign", "Sluggish pupillary reflex", "Constricted pupil", "Dilated pupil", "Argyll Robertson pupil", "Fixed half dilated pupil", "Pupillary paralysis", "Cowen sign", "Knie sign", "Marcus Gunn pupil", "Fixed dilated pupils", "Irregular pupil", "Holmes-Adie pupil", "Delayed near reflex", "Iridectomy", "Unreactive pupil", "Anisocoria", "Leucocoria"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchiectasis", "Causes": ["Chronic pulmonary infection", "Blocked bronchus", "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis", "Lung transplant", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Pulmonary fibrosis", "Anderson triad", "Kartagener syndrome"], "Effects": ["Purulent sputum", "Halitosis", "Coarse basal crackles", "Haemoptysis", "Chronic hypoxia", "Coarse crepitations throughout", "Cavernous breath sounds"], "Parents": ["Chronic suppurative lung disease"], "Treatments": ["Physiotherapy", "Pneumonectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Bifid P wave", "Causes": ["Left ventricular hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Achlorhydria", "Synonyms": ["Decreased gastric secretion", "Reduced gastric acid production", "Gastric acid hyposecretion"], "Causes": ["Pernicious anaemia", "Verner-Morrison syndrome", "Menetrier disease", "Gastrectomy"], "Effects": ["Vitamin B12 malabsorption", "Iron malabsorption"]}
,{"Name": "Contusion", "Synonyms": ["Bruising", "Bruise"], "Causes": ["Fragile blood vessel", "Bleeding disorder", "Crush Injury"], "Effects": ["Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Soft tissue injury"], "Parents": ["Purpura"]}
,{"Name": "Echolalia", "Causes": ["Gilles de la Tourette syndrome", "Progressive supranuclear palsy"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Zinc deficiency", "Effects": ["Acrodermatitis", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Altered sensation of taste", "Failure to thrive", "Diarrhoea", "Hypogonadism", "Crohn's disease"], "Parents": ["Mineral deficiency"], "Treatments": ["Zinc"]}
,{"Name": "Gower sign", "Synonyms": ["Climbing up the knees"], "Causes": ["Proximal myopathy"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"Unable to rise from lying or sitting\""]}
,{"Name": "General pathology", "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Inflammatory disease", "Oedema", "Abscess", "Granuloma", "Thrombosis", "Ischaemia", "Infarction", "Necrosis", "Fibrosis", "Tumour", "Cyst", "Ectopic calcification", "Haemorrhage", "Systemic amyloidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Diabetic dermopathy", "Synonyms": ["Brown oval macules on legs", "Hyperpigmented shin macules"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination", "Endocrine skin disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased breath sounds", "Causes": ["Pneumothorax", "Pleural effusion", "Atelectasis", "Pleural thickening", "Obesity"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pityriasis versicolor", "Synonyms": ["Tinea versicolor"], "Causes": ["Malassezia furfur", "Pityrosporum ovale", "Pityrosporum orbiculare"], "Effects": ["Hypopigmented skin"], "Parents": ["Fungal infections of skin"], "Treatments": ["Selenium sulfide"], "Description": ["\"Fir-tree distribution\nRx topical ketoconazole\""]}
,{"Name": "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Synonyms": ["DIC"], "Causes": ["Shock", "Microvasculitis", "Coagulating toxin", "Neoplastic coagulation factors", "Acute pancreatitis", "Long bone fracture", "Acute intravascular haemolysis", "Abruptio placentae", "Septic abortion", "Rhesus incompatibility", "Retained dead fetus", "Amniotic fluid embolism", "Toxaemia", "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Acute promyelocytic leukaemia", "Heatstroke", "Hypothermia", "Liver failure", "Primary vasculitis", "Kasabach-Merritt syndrome", "Aortic aneurysm", "Giant haemangioma", "Soft tissue injury", "Rhabdomyolysis"], "Effects": ["Intravascular thrombus formation", "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Clotting factor deficiency", "Diffuse organ ischaemia", "Sheehan post-partum pituitary necrosis", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome", "Marantic endocarditis", "Thrombophlebitis migrans", "Low fibrinogen", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Haematological pathology", "Complication of pregnancy", "Ten serious rashes"]}
,{"Name": "Weber sign", "Causes": ["Sensorineural deafness"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign"], "Description": ["\"Sound localises away from lesion\""]}
,{"Name": "Somniloquy", "Parents": ["Parasomnia"], "Description": ["\"Talking in your sleep\""]}
,{"Name": "Spinal cord compression", "Causes": ["Spinal trauma", "Spinal cord tumour", "Intervertebral disc herniation", "Spinal abscess", "Potts disease of the spine", "Dislocation of odontoid peg", "Vertebral body fracture"], "Effects": ["Myelopathy", "Froin syndrome", "Back pain"], "Parents": ["Spinal cord pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Amelanosis", "Synonyms": ["Hypomelanosis"], "Causes": ["Albinism"], "Effects": ["White hair", "Hypopigmented skin", "Blue iris", "Malignant melanoma"]}
,{"Name": "PKD1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Adult polycystic kidney disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus  PKD1 gene  16p13.3\nLocus  PKD 2 gene   4q22.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Hormone", "Parents": ["Substance"], "Children": ["Insulin", "Thyroxine", "Corticosteroid", "Androgen", "Calcitonin", "Raised erythropoietin", "Cytokine", "Nuclear factor kB", "Progestogen", "Erythropoietin", "Testosterone replacement"]}
,{"Name": "Indoramin", "Parents": ["Alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Quaternary syphilis", "Causes": ["Syphilis"], "Effects": ["Aortic regurgitation", "Ascending aortic aneurysm", "Endarteritis obliterans", "Neurosyphilis", "Bacterial meningitis", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Antiphospholipid syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Late non-infectious stage", "May be asymptomatic.\""]}
,{"Name": "Supraclavicular recession", "Causes": ["Dyspnoea"]}
,{"Name": "Postural hypotension", "Synonyms": ["Orthostatic hypotension", "Low blood pressure on standing"], "Causes": ["Sudden standing up", "Antihypertensive drug", "Phenothiazine", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Sildenafil", "Alpha adrenoceptor blocker", "Addison disease", "Dopamine receptor agonist", "Levodopa"], "Effects": ["Dizziness", "Fall in elderly", "Syncope"], "Parents": ["Blood pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Chaddock reflex", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Stroking the lateral side of dorsum of foot", "from malleolus to base of toe causes upgoing hallux\""]}
,{"Name": "Mutation at genetic locus", "Synonyms": ["Gene locus mutation", "Mutant gene"], "Parents": ["Gene mutation"], "Children": ["ABCA1 gene mutation", "ABCA12 gene mutation", "ADAMTS10 gene mutation", "ADAMTS13 gene mutation", "ALPL gene mutation", "ANK1 gene mutation", "APC gene mutation", "APRT gene mutation", "AR gene mutation", "ASAHG1 gene mutation", "ASPA gene mutation", "ATM gene mutation", "ATP2A2 gene mutation", "ATP7A gene mutation", "ATP7B gene mutation", "ACVRL1 gene mutation", "BLM gene mutation", "BRCA2 gene mutation", "BTD gene mutation", "BTK gene mutation", "CBS gene mutation", "CHD7 gene mutation", "CHF gene mutation", "CLCN5 gene mutation", "COL1A1  gene mutation", "COL11A1 gene mutation", "CTFR gene mutation", "CTNS gene mutation", "CYB5R3 gene mutation", "CYP21A2  gene mutation", "DDC gene mutation", "DMD gene mutation", "DMPK gene mutation", "EDN3 gene mutation", "EMD gene mutation", "EPOR gene mutation", "EVC gene mutation", "F8 gene mutation", "F9 gene mutation", "FBN1 gene mutation", "FLCN gene mutation", "FLG gene mutation", "FANCA gene mutation", "FGFR2 gene mutation", "FGFR3 gene mutation", "FMR1 gene mutation", "FXN gene mutation", "G6PD gene mutation", "GDF3 gene mutation", "GLA gene mutation", "GNAS gene mutation", "HbB gene mutation", "HFE gene mutation", "HGD gene mutation", "HNPCC gene mutation", "HPRT1 gene mutation", "HPS1 gene mutation", "HTT gene mutation", "IDS gene mutation", "IKBKAP gene mutation", "JAK2 gene mutation", "MAPT gene mutation", "MEN1 gene mutation", "MLPH gene mutation", "MTHFR gene  mutation", "MTHFR gene mutation", "MTM1 gene mutation", "MTTP gene mutation", "NFK1 gene mutation", "NF2 gene mutation", "NIPBL gene mutation", "NT5C3A gene  mutation", "OCRL gene mutation", "OPN1LW gene mutation", "PAH gene mutation", "PAX3 gene mutation", "PDHA1 gene mutation", "PHEX gene mutation", "PEX7 gene mutation", "PKD1 gene mutation", "PIGA gene mutation", "PLP1 gene mutation", "PNP gene mutation", "PRKAG2 gene  mutation", "PRPS1 gene mutation", "PTEN gene mutation", "PTPNL gene mutation", "RB1 gene mutation", "RBM8A gene mutation", "RHBDF2 gene mutation", "RUNX2 gene mutation", "SERPINA1 gene mutation", "SERPING1 gene mutation", "SCN4A gene mutation", "SLC3A1 gene mutation", "SLC6A19 gene mutation", "SLC12A1 gene mutation", "SLC7A9 gene mutation", "SNCA gene mutation", "SCNN1B gene mutation", "SOD1 gene mutation", "SRD5A2 gene mutation", "STK11 gene mutation", "TBX5 gene mutation", "TP53 gene mutation", "UMPS gene mutation", "VHL gene mutation", "VWF gene mutation", "WAS gene mutation", "XK gene mutation", "c-ret oncogene mutation", "TREX-1 gene mutation", "GLUT-1 mutation", "SCN1A mutation"], "Description": ["\"\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Combined Vascular Malformation", "Parents": ["Vascular malformations"], "Children": ["Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome", "Parkes Weber syndrome"], "Description": ["\"involves two or more types of vessel abnormalities. \n-capillary", "venous", "lymphatic", "or arteriovenous .\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Synonyms": ["SAH"], "Causes": ["Berry aneurysm", "Head injury", "Bleeding disorder", "Cerebral arteriovenous malformation", "Adult polycystic kidney disease"], "Effects": ["Thunderclap headache", "Meningism", "Blood in CSF", "Xanthochromic CSF", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Prolonged QT interval", "T-wave inversion", "Pulmonary oedema", "Subhyaloid haemorrhage", "Terson syndrome", "Cognitive disturbance", "Panhypopituitarism", "Acute headache"], "Parents": ["Intracranial bleed"], "Treatments": ["Ventilatory support", "Calcium channel blocker", "Mannitol", "Clipping"], "Description": ["\"Mortality 37% if drowsiness present\n\n5% of all CVAs\n\n1%  people have cerebral  aneurysms. \nMost of these unlikely to rupture.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Selenium sulfide", "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Pityriasis versicolor"]}
,{"Name": "Akinetic-mute syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Akinetic mutism"], "Causes": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"], "Parents": ["Extrapyramidal sign"]}
,{"Name": "HNPCC gene mutation", "Effects": ["Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer", "Carcinoma of endometrium", "Epithelial ovarian tumour"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 2", "3", "7\""]}
,{"Name": "Pseudopolyposis coli", "Synonyms": ["Pseudopolyps"], "Causes": ["Ulcerative colitis"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Nipple discharge", "Causes": ["Carcinoma of breast"], "Parents": ["Breast symptom"], "Children": ["Lactation"]}
,{"Name": "Dandy-Walker anomaly", "Causes": ["Trisomy 9"]}
,{"Name": "Dilated ciliary vessels", "Causes": ["Anterior uveitis"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal cholesterol embolus", "Synonyms": ["Hollenhorst plaque"], "Causes": ["Cholesterol embolus"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Portal vein thrombosis", "Effects": ["Portal hypertension"], "Parents": ["Venous thrombosis"]}
,{"Name": "Urinary tract carcinoma", "Effects": ["Urinary tract bleed"], "Parents": ["Genitourinary carcinoma"], "Children": ["Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Kidney carcinoma", "Prostate cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone", "Synonyms": ["High 17-OHP"], "Causes": ["21-hydroxylase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Sex hormone imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Alternating hemiplegia of childhood", "Synonyms": ["AHC"], "Causes": ["ATP1A3 gene mutation"], "Parents": ["Channelopathy"], "Description": ["\"Rare. Mild attacks of hemiparesis. Symptoms cease during sleep.\""]}
,{"Name": "Fundoscopy sign", "Synonyms": ["Retinal sign", "Fundal sign", "Fundus sign", "Fundoscopy sign", "Examination of fundi"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Proliferative retinopathy", "Hypertensive retinopathy", "Diabetic retinopathy", "Cotton wool exudate", "Flame haemorrhage", "Papilloedema", "Cupping of optic disc", "Optic atrophy", "Optic neuritis", "Retinal haemorrhage", "Hypertortuosity of retinal vessels", "Retinal microaneurysm", "Lipaemia retinalis", "Retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy", "Retinal cholesterol embolus", "Macular hyperpigmentation", "Choroiditis", "Roth spots", "Angioid streak", "Drusen", "Leopard skin spotting", "Absent red reflex", "Cherry-red spot", "Cytomegalovirus retinitis", "Coats disease", "Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Biotinidase deficiency", "Causes": ["BTD gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Global developmental delay", "Seizure", "Decreased visual acuity", "Ataxia", "Hereditary lactate acidosis", "Neonatal hypotonia", "Congenital deafness"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Treatments": ["Biotin"], "Description": ["\"Enzyme helps the body assimilate  B vitamin found in foods.\nRemoves biotin bound to proteins in food", "leaving  vitamin in its free state.\""]}
,{"Name": "Polyuric renal failure", "Causes": ["Nephrocalcinosis", "Medullary cystic disease", "Renal papillary necrosis"], "Effects": ["Renal sodium and water loss"], "Parents": ["Renal failure"]}
,{"Name": "Bubonic plague", "Synonyms": ["Black death"], "Effects": ["Seizure", "Lymphadenitis", "Acral gangrene", "Cramp"], "Parents": ["Zoonosis", "Yersinia pestis"], "Treatments": ["Streptomycin", "Gentamicin", "Ciprofloxacin"], "Description": ["\"Bacterial Infection of the lymphatic system.\nCaused by Yersinia pestis ( Pasteurella pestis)\nBelongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. \nThe bacteria live mainly in fleas on small rodents.\n\nInfection is via the bite of an infected flea", "Xenopsylla cheopis.\n\nWithout treatment", "it  kills about two thirds of infected humans within four days.\n\nBubonic plague\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdalong with the septicemic plague and the pneumonic plague", "which are the two other manifestations of Y. pestis\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdwas cause of the Black Death that swept through Europe in the 14th century and killed an estimated 25 million people", "or 50% of the European population.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Tar staining of fingers", "Synonyms": ["Nicotine staining"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Muller sign", "Synonyms": ["Mueller sign", "Pulsating uvula", "Uvular pulsation"], "Causes": ["Hyperdynamic circulation"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"], "Description": ["\"Pulsating uvula.\""]}
,{"Name": "Pharyngology", "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat disease"], "Children": ["Epiglottitis", "Tonsillitis", "Pharyngeal pouch", "Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Synonyms": ["GBS", "Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy", "AIDP", "Guillain-Barr\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd syndrome"], "Causes": ["Epstein Barr virus", "Surgery", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Cytomegalovirus", "Campylobacter jejuni", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Anti-GM2 antibody", "Anti-GalC antibody"], "Effects": ["Demyelination of peripheral nerve", "Mainly motor neuropathy", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Bulbar palsy", "Elevated protein in CSF", "Motor conduction block", "Autonomic dysreflexia", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Oligoclonal bands in CSF"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy", "Autoimmune neurological disease"], "Children": ["Miller-Fisher syndrome", "Acute motor axonal neuropathy"], "Treatments": ["Plasmapheresis", "Intravenous immunoglobulin"], "Description": ["\"Symmetrical.\n85% complete recovery\n10% unable to walk after 1 year\n10% mortality\nNadir < 4/52", "mean < 9/7\""]}
,{"Name": "Abnormal blood flow", "Effects": ["Virchow's triad"]}
,{"Name": "Plexiform neuroma", "Synonyms": ["Diffuse neurofibroma"], "Causes": ["Neurofibromatosis I"], "Parents": ["Neurological tumour"], "Description": ["\"Whole nerve trunk\nCommon on scalp\""]}
,{"Name": "Precordial sign", "Synonyms": ["Praecordial sign"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Displaced apex", "Forceful apex beat", "Thrusting apex", "Tapping apex", "Heaving apex", "Left parasternal heave", "Systolic thrill", "Double apex beat", "Gallavardin phenomenon", "Hamman sign", "Absent apex beat"]}
,{"Name": "Cholestasis of pregnancy", "Causes": ["Pregnancy", "Hormonal change in pregnancy", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Cholestasis", "Premature birth", "Fetal stress"], "Description": ["\"one in 140 pregnancies \n\nincreased risk of :\npreterm delivery \nfetal stress\n\nMust berecognised and treated in time.\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Reticulonodular shadowing", "Causes": ["Pulmonary fibrosis", "Pulmonary sarcoidosis"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Preserved brainstem reflexes", "Causes": ["Coma"]}
,{"Name": "Interleukin-12", "Synonyms": ["IL-12"], "Effects": ["Phagocyte activation"], "Parents": ["Inflammatory cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Caffey disease", "Causes": ["COL1A1  gene mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Trauma", "Effects": ["Acute blood loss", "Wound infection", "Ectopic calcification", "Fat necrosis", "Sterile inflammation"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Head injury", "Thoracic trauma", "Abdominal trauma", "Spinal trauma", "Ocular trauma", "Nasal trauma", "Hand trauma", "Nail trauma", "Fracture", "Fall in elderly", "Penetrating injury"]}
,{"Name": "Internal Fixation", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"], "Treats": ["Extracapsular fracture neck of femur", "Fracture shaft of femur", "Pathological fracture"], "Description": ["\"Open surgery\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Ice-cream headache", "Synonyms": ["sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia", "Brain freeze"], "Effects": ["Acute headache"], "Parents": ["Referred pain"], "Description": ["\"Results from quickly eating or drinking very cold substances.\n\nREFFERED PAIN THEORY:\nGlossopharyngeal nerve\nThis  is sensory to the pharynx", "palate", "tonsils and also the dura mater. \nWhen you put your hand into a bucket of ice water", "it hurts. In the same way", "when you put something cold against your pharynx or palate", "you feel pain. \nYour brain  interprets this pain", "as coming not from where the ice cream is", "but from the dura mater covering your brain. \n\n\nThe Trigeminal nerve\nThis transmits the signal to the brain. Since this nerve also senses facial pain", "the brain assumes that the signal it receives is coming from your forehead \nand interprets this as a headache. \n\nVASCULAR THEORY\ncaused by a dramatic and sudden increase in blood flow through the brain's anterior cerebral artery. \""]}
,{"Name": "Batten disease", "Synonyms": ["Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis", "NCL", "Tripeptidyl peptidase I deficiency"], "Effects": ["Abnormal white cell enzyme", "Seizure", "Mental retardation", "Bilateral visual failure"], "Parents": ["Lipid storage disorder"], "Description": ["\"Types:\nInfantile\nJuvenile\nAdult\n\nPrognosis:\nJuvenile Batten Disease-fatal by the late teens.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Ecthyma", "Causes": ["Impetigo", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Old age"], "Parents": ["Bacterial infections of skin"], "Children": ["Ecthyma gangrenosum"], "Description": ["\"Extends into dermis - a deeper form of impetigo.\nLower limbs.\""]}
,{"Name": "Arterial ulcer", "Causes": ["Peripheral vascular disease", "Limb ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Leg ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "DMD gene mutation", "Effects": ["Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "Becker muscular dystrophy"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"X Chromosome   Xp21.2. \""]}
,{"Name": "Prolonged QT interval", "Synonyms": ["Long QT interval"], "Causes": ["Class III antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IA antiarrhythmic drug", "Hypocalcaemia", "Hypokalaemia", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Hypothermia", "Terfenadine", "Thioridazine", "Haloperidol", "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Erythromycin", "Ketoconazole", "Ward-Romano syndrome", "Jervell-Lange-Nielson syndrome", "Hypothyroidism", "Myocardial infarction", "Third degree atrioventricular block", "Sick sinus syndrome", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Paraquat", "Probucol", "Mitral valve prolapse"], "Effects": ["Torsades de pointes"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Description": ["\"Rx IV beta blocker", "pace if bradycardic", "ICD.\""]}
,{"Name": "Moderate splenomegaly", "Causes": ["Portal hypertension", "Lymphoma", "Leukaemia", "Glycogen storage disorder", "Thalassaemia"], "Parents": ["Splenomegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Raised insulin-like growth factor II", "Synonyms": ["IGF-II secretion", "IGF-2 secretion"], "Causes": ["Mesenchymal tumour"], "Effects": ["Hypoglycaemia"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy", "Synonyms": ["Landouzy-Dejerin dystrophy", "FSHD"], "Causes": ["Chromosome 4 mutation"], "Effects": ["Proximal myopathy", "Winged scapula", "Coats disease"], "Parents": ["Hereditary muscular dystrophy", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"deletions of  D4Z4  in  4q35 Chromosome 4\nUnable to lift arms above shoulders\nSometimes asymmetrical\""]}
,{"Name": "Amiodarone", "Effects": ["Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Hypothyroidism", "Cornea verticillata", "Clouding of vision", "Orange tears", "Chemical cardioversion", "Photosensitivity", "Blue-grey skin pigmentation", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Raised thyroid stimulating hormone", "Digoxin toxicity"], "Parents": ["Class III antiarrhythmic drug", "P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Treats": ["Cardiac arrest", "Dilated cardiomyopathy", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"], "Description": ["\"Causes hypothyroidism by Wolff-Chaikoff effect\nCauses hyperthyroidism by Jod Basedow phenomenon\nContains 37% iodine\n10% is deiodinated per day\n70% removed through biliary excretion\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Raised alpha-fetoprotein", "Synonyms": ["Alpha fetoprotein", "a-fetoprotein", "Raised AFP", "Raised ?-fetoprotein"], "Causes": ["Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Down syndrome", "Teratoma", "Cirrhosis", "Yolk sac tumour", "Hepatoblastoma"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Description": ["\">1000 implies HCC\""]}
,{"Name": "Raised transferrin saturation", "Causes": ["Haemochromatosis"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"], "Description": ["\">80% in HC\n>50% is abnormal\""]}
,{"Name": "Corticobasal degeneration", "Synonyms": ["CBD", "Cortico-basal degeneration", "Cortico-basal ganglionic degeneration", "CBGD"], "Effects": ["Parkinsonism", "Frontotemporal dementia", "Upper motor neurone lesion", "Myoclonus"], "Parents": ["Cerebral pathology", "Neurodegenerative disorder", "Tauopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Type I chronic active hepatitis", "Causes": ["Anti-smooth muscle antibody", "Antinuclear antibody"], "Parents": ["Chronic active hepatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Bladder perforation", "Causes": ["Trans-urethral resection of bladder tumour"], "Effects": ["Extravasation of urine"]}
,{"Name": "Nifedipine", "Effects": ["Gum hyperplasia", "Cholestasis", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Digoxin toxicity"], "Parents": ["Calcium channel blocker"], "Treats": ["Primary pulmonary hypertension", "Achalasia cardia"]}
,{"Name": "Hooded eyelid", "Causes": ["Velocardiofacial syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hypervitaminosis B12", "Synonyms": ["High vitamin B12 level"], "Causes": ["Chronic myeloid leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Vitamin"]}
,{"Name": "Nasal discharge", "Causes": ["Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Paranasal sinus tumour"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Adrenal haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome"], "Effects": ["Adrenocortical insufficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Cricopharyngeus spasm", "Effects": ["Zenker diverticulum"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-parietal cell antibody", "Effects": ["Pernicious anaemia"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Dorsiflexed hallux", "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Insulin resistance", "Causes": ["Obesity", "Asian origin", "African origin", "Polygenic inheritance", "Corticosteroid", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Haemochromatosis", "Myotonic dystrophy", "Familial lipodystrophy", "Leprechaunism"], "Effects": ["Type II diabetes mellitus", "Non alcoholic fatty liver disease"]}
,{"Name": "Splenectomy", "Effects": ["Hyposplenism"], "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Children": ["Autosplenectomy"], "Treats": ["Hodgkin lymphoma", "Splenic tear"]}
,{"Name": "Hard consistency of parotid", "Causes": ["Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid"], "Parents": ["Neck sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cadmium", "Synonyms": ["Cd"], "Effects": ["Renal cell carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Heavy metal"]}
,{"Name": "Haemorrhoid", "Synonyms": ["Rectal varix", "Rectal varices"], "Causes": ["Portal hypertension"], "Effects": ["Lower gastrointestinal bleed", "Painful defaecation"], "Parents": ["Varicose vein"]}
,{"Name": "Chondrosarcoma", "Causes": ["Dyschondroplasia"], "Parents": ["Bone tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Dysgraphaesthesia", "Synonyms": ["Agraphesthesia", "Impaired recognition of writing by touch"], "Causes": ["Parietal lobe lesion"], "Description": ["\"Patient cannot recognise a digit drawn on their palm with their eyes closed\""]}
,{"Name": "Tyrosine kinase inhibitor", "Parents": ["Growth factor inhibitor"], "Description": ["\"Sunitnib (Pfizer)\""]}
,{"Name": "Raised very long chain fatty acid", "Synonyms": ["High very-long-chain fatty acids", "Elevated very long-chain fatty acids", "Raised VLCFA", "Raised very-long-chain saturated fatty acid"], "Causes": ["Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Scleral sign", "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Children": ["Blue sclera", "Black sclera", "Yellow sclera", "Chalazion"]}
,{"Name": "Breast pain", "Causes": ["Oral contraceptive pill"]}
,{"Name": "Immunological bone marrow destruction", "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia", "Bone marrow suppression"], "Parents": ["Haematological autoimmune disease"]}
,{"Name": "Gram negative bacillus", "Synonyms": ["Gram negative rod"], "Effects": ["Gram negative sepsis"], "Parents": ["Bacterial infection"], "Children": ["Enterobacteriaceae", "Haemophilus", "Bordetella pertussis", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Bacteroides", "Vibrio cholerae", "Brucellosis", "Legionella", "Spirochaete infection", "Helicobacter pylori", "Campylobacter jejuni", "Burkholderia cepacia infection", "Fusobacterium necrophorum", "Pasteurella multocida", "Streptobacillus"]}
,{"Name": "Renal vein thrombosis", "Causes": ["Renal cell carcinoma", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Renal amyloidosis", "Pyelonephritis", "Hyperviscosity"], "Effects": ["Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease"], "Parents": ["Venous thrombosis"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Sprue", "Effects": ["Iron malabsorption", "Folic acid malabsorption"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"], "Children": ["Coeliac disease", "Tropical sprue"], "Description": ["\"Etymology: D", "sprouw", "= kind of tumor\""]}
,{"Name": "Orthopaedic malformations", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology"], "Children": ["Upper limb deformity", "Lower limb deformity", "Spine deformity", "Torticollis"], "Description": ["\"A malformation is associated with a disorder of tissue development. \n\nA dysplasia is a disorder at the organ level that is due to problems with tissue development.\""]}
,{"Name": "Charcot-Leyden crystal", "Causes": ["Asthma", "Eosinophilia"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Microabscess of Pautrier", "Causes": ["Sezary syndrome"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Description": ["\"Epidermal infiltration of T-cells\""]}
,{"Name": "Multiple system atrophy", "Synonyms": ["Shy-Drager syndrome", "Shy Drager syndrome", "Progressive autonomic failure", "Multisystem atrophy", "MSA"], "Effects": ["Vasovagal reflex", "Parkinsonism", "Neurogenic bladder", "Lewy bodies in substantia nigra"], "Parents": ["Neurodegenerative disorder"], "Children": ["Olivopontocerebellar degeneration"]}
,{"Name": "Divarication recti", "Causes": ["Down syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Turning of neck", "Effects": ["Carotid sinus hypersensitivity"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphoid neoplasm", "Effects": ["Hepatomegaly"], "Parents": ["Haematological malignancy"], "Children": ["Lymphoma", "Lymphoid leukaemia", "Plasma cell neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Senna", "Parents": ["Laxative"]}
,{"Name": "Alagille syndrome", "Synonyms": ["JAG1 mutation"], "Effects": ["Biliary stricture", "Tetralogy of Fallot", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased aldosterone", "Causes": ["Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Spironolactone", "Decreased angiotensin II", "Angiotensin blocker", "21-hydroxylase deficiency", "Bromocriptine"], "Effects": ["Hyperkalaemia", "Hypercalcaemia", "Renal sodium and water loss", "Distal renal tubule acidosis", "Delayed excretion of water load"]}
,{"Name": "Down and out eyeball", "Causes": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign", "Dysconjugate gaze paresis"]}
,{"Name": "Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy", "Synonyms": ["FAPN", "Transthyretin-related amyloidosis", "SPTLC1 mutation", "Familial amyloid polyneuropathy", "TTR-related amyloidosis", "ATTR", "Senile systemic amyloidosis"], "Effects": ["Systemic amyloidosis", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Large fibre neuropathy", "Charcot joints", "Malabsorption state", "Lattice corneal dystrophy", "Cutis laxa"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Chlorpropramide", "Effects": ["Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Cholestasis"], "Parents": ["Oral hypoglycaemic"]}
,{"Name": "Renal angiomyolipoma", "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Microscopic haematuria"]}
,{"Name": "Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency", "Effects": ["Hereditary lactate acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Rebound tenderness", "Causes": ["Peritonitis", "Peritonism"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary oedema", "Causes": ["High pulmonary venous pressure", "Increased alveolar capillary permeability", "Decreased oncotic pressure", "Pulmonary lymphatic blockage", "Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Renal artery stenosis", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Laryngospasm", "HELLP syndrome"], "Effects": ["Haemoptysis", "Breathlessness", "Orthopnoea", "Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea", "Fine basal crackles", "Fine inspiratory crepitations", "Polyphonic wheeze", "Kerley B lines", "Bats wing shadowing", "Decreased KCO", "Hypoxic respiratory failure", "Late inspiratory crepitation"], "Parents": ["Oedema", "Parenchymal lung disease"]}
,{"Name": "Monocytosis", "Causes": ["Chronic infection", "Rickettsiosis", "Malaria", "Collagen vascular disease", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Leukocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Ghon focus", "Causes": ["Primary tuberculosis"], "Parents": ["Chest sign"]}
,{"Name": "Localisation-related epilepsy", "Synonyms": ["Focal-onset seizures", "Secondary epilepsy", "Focal seizures with secondary generalisation"], "Causes": ["Cerebral lesion", "Cortical hamartoma"], "Effects": ["Focal seizure"], "Parents": ["Epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Basophilia", "Synonyms": ["Basophilic leukocytosis"], "Causes": ["Myeloproliferative disorder", "Hypothyroidism", "Ulcerative colitis"], "Parents": ["Leukocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Swimming in a lake", "Effects": ["Leptospira infection"], "Parents": ["Swimming"], "Children": ["Swimming in Lake Malawi"]}
,{"Name": "Cowden syndrome", "Causes": ["PTEN gene mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Calciphylaxis", "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure"], "Effects": ["Necrotic skin lesion"], "Parents": ["Idiopathic skin disease"], "Description": ["\"type of extraskeletal calcification.\nThe cause is not known. Not an immune type reaction.\n\nSevere forms of calciphylaxis = cardiac calcification", "called' heart of stone'.\""]}
,{"Name": "Mesangial widening", "Causes": ["Diabetic nephropathy"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Cysteamine", "Synonyms": ["Cystagon"], "Parents": ["Metabolic drug"], "Treats": ["Ocular hereditary cystinosis", "Nephropathic hereditary cystinosis"], "Description": ["\"cleaves the disulfide bond with cystine to produce molecules that can escape the metabolic defect in cystinosis\""]}
,{"Name": "Stony dull to percussion", "Causes": ["Pleural effusion"], "Parents": ["Percussion sign"]}
,{"Name": "Urinary fistula", "Parents": ["Abdominal fistula", "Urological disease"], "Children": ["Vesico-vaginal fistula", "Colo-vesical fistula"]}
,{"Name": "Kaposi sarcoma", "Causes": ["Human herpes virus type 8", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Mediterranean origin"], "Effects": ["Ichthyosis", "Violaceous papule"], "Parents": ["Skin Tumours"], "Treatments": ["Vinblastine", "Radiotherapy", "Interferon alpha"], "Description": ["\"Found in 20% of homosexual AIDS patients\nRare in IVDU- or haemophilia-related AIDS\""]}
,{"Name": "Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Causes": ["Quinidine", "Quinine", "Heparin", "Penicillin", "Methyldopa", "Cephalosporin", "Penicillamine"], "Effects": ["Antiplatelet antibody", "Venous thrombosis", "Arterial thrombosis", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"]}
,{"Name": "Upper gastrointestinal pathology", "Synonyms": ["Upper GI pathology"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal pathology"], "Children": ["Oesophagitis", "Achalasia cardia", "Infective gastroenteritis", "Oesophageal stenosis", "Barrett's oesophagus", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Mallory-Weiss tear", "Acute gastritis", "Peptic ulcer", "Cushing Ulcer", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Pyloric stenosis", "Duodenojejunitis", "Zenker diverticulum", "Portal hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Catamenial epilepsy", "Synonyms": ["Catamenial seizures", "Menstrual cycle-related epilepsy"], "Causes": ["Menstrual cycle"], "Parents": ["Epilepsy"], "Treatments": ["Clobazam"]}
,{"Name": "Primary tuberculosis", "Synonyms": ["Primary TB"], "Causes": ["Tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Cough", "Hilar lymphadenopathy", "Ghon focus", "Ghon Complex", "Erythema nodosum", "Brocks syndrome", "Monophonic wheeze", "Phlyctenular conjunctivitis", "Exudate pleural effusion"], "Description": ["\"Usually asymptomatic\n\n\n Primary vs Secondary TB:\n \n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Primary TB occurs with first exposure to bacillus. \n  Secondary TB  sometime after exposure.\n \n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Primary TB occurs when  immunity is normal", "Secondary when  immunity is faulty.\n \n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Symptomatology greater in secondary . \n\n. Secondary TB can become extensive", "whereas primary is localized.\n\nGhon lesion =  calcified granuloma- subpleural apical (tuberculoma) \nSequelae of primary tuberculosis infection. \n\nGhon complex = Ghon focus + calcified ipsilateral node\n\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Pregabalin", "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug", "GABA-A receptor agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Gastrinoma", "Gastrin-secreting pancreatic adenoma"], "Causes": ["Pancreatic islet tumour"], "Effects": ["High gastrin level", "Gastric acid hypersecretion"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"], "Treatments": ["Proton pump inhibitor", "H2-antagonist"], "Description": ["\"50% malignant\n10% multiple\n30% have MEN I\nConstitute 0.1% of DUs\n\n\nTreatment:\n1)  Proton pump inhibitor\n2) H2 receptor antagonist\n3) Surgery to remove gastrinoma.\n    However", "only about 30% of patients who have surgery are cured.\n\nPrognosis for malignant gastrinoma:\n10 yr survival rate:\nWithout liver mets  - 80%\nWith liver mets  - 30%\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Viral hepatitis", "Causes": ["Hepatitis A", "Hepatitis B", "Hepatitis C", "Hepatitis E", "Epstein Barr virus", "Herpes simplex in immunocompromised", "Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome", "Dengue fever", "Ebola virus", "Marburg virus", "Cytomegalovirus"], "Effects": ["Monospot test positive", "High serum ferritin"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperosmolar urine", "Synonyms": ["Concentrated urine"], "Causes": ["Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "High haematocrit", "Synonyms": ["Elevated haematocrit"], "Causes": ["Polycythaemia"], "Effects": ["High packed cell volume"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis", "Synonyms": ["HPP"], "Causes": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "SCN4A gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Potassium redistribution"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 1q", "HOKPP gene\n\noccurs primarily in Asian males \nincidence 2% \n\nSymptoms:\n  - Episodic severe weakness at the shoulders and hips:\n          - occurs after sleep or rest \n          - Occurs on awakening\n          - rare during exercise", "but triggered by rest after exercise.\n          - lasts 3 - 24 hours \n  - Cardiac arrhythmia \n  - Dyspnoea\n  - Dysphagia\n  - Eyelid myotonia \n\n\nPrecipitating factors:\n  - Exercise \n  - upper respiratory infections\n  - alcohol \n  - carbohydrate-rich foods \n\n\nInvestigation: Hypokalemia ( shift of K+ into cells due to increased Na/K-ATPase activity)\n\nManagement\nLifestyle Changes :\n  - low carbohydrate diet\n  - low sodium diet \n  - Avoid strenuous exercise\n  - Avoid alcohol. \n  - Avoid heavy exercise.\n\nOral Potassium given during an attack may stop the attack.\n\nTaking potassium supplements will not prevent attacks.\n\nAcetazolamide prevents attacks in many cases\""]}
,{"Name": "Lump in throat", "Causes": ["Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Acute otitis media", "Causes": ["Tonsillitis", "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Wegeners granulomatosis"], "Effects": ["Earache", "Otorrhoea", "Bulging tympanic membrane", "Perforated tympanic membrane", "Conductive deafness", "Acute mastoiditis"], "Parents": ["Otitis media"]}
,{"Name": "Transient bilateral lung shadowing", "Causes": ["Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis", "Pulmonary haemorrhage", "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis", "Cryptogenic organising pneumonia", "Loeffler syndrome"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Paranasal sinus barotrauma", "Causes": ["Hyperbaric oxygen therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Painful defaecation", "Synonyms": ["Pain on defaecation"], "Causes": ["Fissure-in-ano", "Haemorrhoid", "Solitary rectal ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Tripod sign", "Causes": ["Epiglottitis"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"], "Description": ["\"leans forward on outstretched arms to move inflamed structures forward", "thereby easing the upper airway obstruction\""]}
,{"Name": "Urinalysis", "Synonyms": ["Urine test"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Children": ["Hyperosmolar urine", "Hypoosmolar urine", "Alkaline urine", "Acidic urine", "High urine glucose", "Hypercalciuria", "Hypocalciuria", "High urine magnesium", "Myoglobinuria", "Raised urinary vanillylmandelic acid", "Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid", "Increased urinary dehydroepiandrosterone", "Phenylpyruvate in urine", "Low urinary N-methylnicotinamide", "Elevated urinary coproporphyrin", "Methylmalonaturia", "Sterile pyuria", "High urine copper", "Hyperaminoaciduria", "Lipiduria", "Homogentisic aciduria", "Watson-Schwarz test positive", "Tam-Horsfall protein", "Proteinuria", "Urinary casts", "Raised urinary glycosaminoglycan", "High urinary Potassium", "Pyuria"]}
,{"Name": "Sclerodactyly", "Causes": ["CREST syndrome", "Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome"], "Parents": ["Acquired limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Auditory hallucination", "Parents": ["Hallucination"], "Children": ["Third person auditory hallucination", "Thought repetition", "Thought anticipation"]}
,{"Name": "End-stage renal failure", "Synonyms": ["ESRF", "Endstage renal failure"], "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure"], "Effects": ["Oliguria", "Waxy cast"], "Parents": ["Renal failure"], "Treatments": ["Peritoneal dialysis", "Haemodialysis"]}
,{"Name": "Pulsatile mass", "Causes": ["Abdominal aortic aneurysm"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Factor VIIa", "Treats": ["Intracerebral haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Induction of labor", "Parents": ["Obstetric procedure"], "Treats": ["Hydrops fetalis"]}
,{"Name": "Reinke crystal", "Causes": ["Leydig cell tumour"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Splints", "Treats": ["Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Mallet finger"]}
,{"Name": "Megaloblastic anaemia", "Causes": ["Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Folic acid deficiency", "Di Gugliemo syndrome", "Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency", "Tropical sprue"], "Effects": ["Macrocytosis", "Ovalocytosis", "Leukopaenia", "Hypersegmented granulocytes", "Erythroid precursor", "Decreased platelet production", "Ineffective granulopoiesis", "Megaloblast", "High liver dehydrogenase"], "Parents": ["Anaemia of reduced erythropoiesis", "Anaemia", "Macrocytic anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased vitamin B12 intake", "Causes": ["Inadequate diet", "Anorexia nervosa"], "Effects": ["Vitamin B12 deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Arthroscopy", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Fibroblast proliferation", "Causes": ["Interleukin-1", "Tumour necrosis factor alpha"]}
,{"Name": "Anxiety disorder", "Causes": ["Emotional stress", "Caffeine", "Alcohol", "Benzodiazepine", "Female gender", "Caucasian", "Neurological mental disorder", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Anxiety", "Conversion disorder"], "Parents": ["Neurotic disorder"], "Children": ["Obsessive compulsive disorder", "Phobia", "Panic attack", "Separation anxiety", "Situational anxiety", "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "Generalised anxiety disorder", "Conversion disorder"], "Description": ["\"Not the result of personal weakness", "a character flaw", "or poor upbringing.\nProblems in the functioning of brain circuits.\n? Genetic\""]}
,{"Name": "Broad first toe", "Causes": ["Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Sequestercetomy", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"], "Treats": ["Acute Osteomyelitis"]}
,{"Name": "Fat soluble vitamin deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency"], "Causes": ["Insufficient digestive enzymes"], "Effects": ["Vitamin K deficiency", "Vitamin A deficiency", "Vitamin D deficiency", "Vitamin E deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Fanconi syndrome", "Effects": ["Polyuria", "Polydipsia", "Dehydration", "Hyperaminoaciduria", "High urine glucose", "High urine magnesium", "Hyperosmolar urine", "Proximal renal tubule acidosis", "Low plasma urate", "Hypophosphataemia", "Vitamin D resistant rickets", "Osteomalacia", "Bone deformity", "Failure to thrive", "Renal failure", "Fanconi triad"], "Parents": ["Renal disease", "Renal metabolic disorder"], "Children": ["Hereditary Fanconi syndrome", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Can be congenital or accquired.\""]}
,{"Name": "Amikacin", "Parents": ["Aminoglycoside"]}
,{"Name": "Rigor", "Synonyms": ["Night sweats", "Ague"], "Causes": ["Fever", "Haemodialysis", "Bone marrow transplant", "Ascending cholangitis", "Malaria", "Urinary catheter"], "Effects": ["Shivering", "Sweating"], "Parents": ["Constitutional symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Tracheobronchial leiomyomatosis", "Causes": ["Alport syndrome"], "Parents": ["Leiomyoma"]}
,{"Name": "Bradycardia", "Causes": ["Sick sinus syndrome", "Third degree atrioventricular block", "Second degree atrioventricular block", "Typhoid fever", "Meconium aspiration", "Bezold Jarisch reflex"], "Parents": ["Pulse sign"], "Children": ["Sinus bradycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Scandinavian descent", "Synonyms": ["Scandinavian origin"], "Effects": ["Prostate cancer", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Pernicious anaemia", "Coeliac disease", "Uterine fibroid", "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency"], "Parents": ["Ethnic origin"]}
,{"Name": "High alkaline phosphatase", "Synonyms": ["Raised alk phos", "Raised ALP"], "Causes": ["Bone metastasis", "Vitamin D deficiency", "Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Paget disease", "Cholestasis", "Osteomalacia", "Polymyalgia rheumatica", "Osteoporosis"], "Parents": ["Deranged liver function test"], "Children": ["Placental-like alkaline phosphatase", "Raised leucocyte alkaline phosphatase"]}
,{"Name": "Buphthalmos", "Synonyms": ["Large eye"], "Causes": ["Sturge-Weber syndrome"], "Effects": ["Proptosis"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Manual evacuation", "Synonyms": ["Digitally assisted evacuation"], "Effects": ["Solitary rectal ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Anticentromere antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-centromere antibody"], "Effects": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Synonyms": ["Immunoparesis", "Low immunoglobulin", "Agammaglobulinaemia"], "Causes": ["Defective B-cell function", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Malnutrition", "Lymphoproliferative disorder", "Thymoma", "Nephrotic syndrome", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Epstein Barr virus", "Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome", "Paraproteinaemia", "Ataxia telangiectasia", "Corticosteroid", "Rituximab", "Cytotoxic drug"], "Effects": ["Immunosuppression", "Subtotal villous atrophy", "Alopecia areata"], "Parents": ["Serum electrophoresis"]}
,{"Name": "Pancoast syndrome", "Causes": ["Local infiltration of lung cancer"], "Effects": ["Brachial plexus lesion", "Horner syndrome", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion", "Thoracic outlet obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Methylprednisolone", "Synonyms": ["Intravenous methylprednisolone", "IVMP"], "Parents": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Treats": ["Multiple sclerosis"]}
,{"Name": "Pick disease", "Synonyms": ["Frontotemporal variant", "Pick's disease"], "Effects": ["Pick body"], "Parents": ["Frontotemporal dementia"]}
,{"Name": "Electrical cardioversion", "Synonyms": ["DC cardioversion", "DC electrical cardioversion"], "Parents": ["Electrical shock"], "Treats": ["Supraventricular tachycardia", "Atrial fibrillation"]}
,{"Name": "Antral washout", "Parents": ["ENT procedure"], "Treats": ["Sinusitis"]}
,{"Name": "Ototoxicity", "Causes": ["Aminoglycoside", "Frusemide", "Methotrexate", "Capreomycin", "Quinine", "Solvents"], "Effects": ["Vertigo", "Sensorineural deafness"]}
,{"Name": "Bone marrow hyperplasia", "Synonyms": ["Hyperplastic bone marrow"], "Causes": ["Increased erythropoiesis"], "Effects": ["Crew haircut appearance"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow sign"], "Description": ["\"Common in sickle cell anaemia\""]}
,{"Name": "Rocker bottom feet", "Causes": ["Trisomy 22"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Flame haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Diabetic retinopathy"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Common bile duct obstruction", "Synonyms": ["CBD obstruction"], "Causes": ["Cholelithiasis", "Carcinoma Head of Pancreas", "Lymph node metastases at Porta hepatis", "Biliary stricture", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Ascaris lumbricoides", "Fasciola hepatica", "Biliary atresia", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Sphincterof Oddi dysfunction", "Duodenitis"], "Effects": ["Obstructive jaundice", "Cholestasis", "Ascending cholangitis", "Biliary colic"], "Parents": ["Obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Shagreen patches", "Causes": ["Tuberous sclerosis"], "Description": ["\"Leathery skin\""]}
,{"Name": "Anencephaly", "Causes": ["Anaemia of pregnancy", "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Hydramnios", "Induced Abortion"], "Parents": ["Congenital head malformation"]}
,{"Name": "High serotonin", "Synonyms": ["High 5-hydroxytryptamine", "High 5-HT"], "Causes": ["Carcinoid tumour", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"], "Effects": ["Watery diarrhoea", "Increased gut motility", "Increased vascular tone"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "Causes": ["Nephrotic syndrome", "Diabetes mellitus", "Alcoholism", "Hypothyroidism", "Cholestasis", "Chronic liver disease", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Thiazide", "High oestrogen", "Isotretinoin", "Uraemia"], "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased peak expiratory flow", "Synonyms": ["Decreased peak flow", "Decreased PEF"], "Causes": ["Asthma", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"], "Parents": ["Respiratory sign", "Decreased lung function"]}
,{"Name": "Reticulocytosis", "Causes": ["Anaemia of blood loss", "Haemolytic anaemia"], "Effects": ["Macrocytosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Antimalarial drug", "Effects": ["Erythema multiforme", "Psoriasis", "Lichen planus"], "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Proguanil", "Atovaquone", "Artemisinin", "Tetracycline", "Primaquine", "Quinine", "Chloroquine", "Hydroxychloroquine"]}
,{"Name": "Sulphapyridine", "Parents": ["Drug metabolised by N-acetyltransferase", "Sulphonamide"]}
,{"Name": "Neurological symptom", "Parents": ["Symptom", "Neurology"], "Children": ["Paraesthesia", "Tremor", "Lightheadedness", "Drowsiness", "Coma", "Seizure", "Chorea", "Deafness", "Tinnitus", "Vertigo", "Aphasia", "Semi-purposeful movement", "Stereotyped movements", "Narcolepsy", "Uhtoff phenomenon", "Stiffness following exercise", "Inability to walk", "Aura", "Dystonia", "Ataxia", "Loss of consciousness", "Phonophobia", "Osmophobia", "Motion sickness", "Alien limb", "Pareidolia", "Altered sensation of taste"]}
,{"Name": "Anticholinergic drug", "Effects": ["Xerostomia", "Constipation", "Clouding of vision", "Detrusor Failure"], "Children": ["Orphenandrine", "Procyclidine", "Trihexyphenidyl"], "Treats": ["Achalasia cardia", "Parkinsonism"], "Description": ["\"Anticholinergics can be used to reduce excess saliva in Parkinsons.\""]}
,{"Name": "Ventriculoperitoneal shunt", "Synonyms": ["VP shunt"], "Effects": ["Shunt nephritis", "Low intracranial pressure"], "Parents": ["Brain surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Doxepin", "Synonyms": ["Zonalon", "Prudox"], "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Biliary stricture", "Synonyms": ["Bile duct stricture", "Stricture of biliary tree", "Stricture of bile duct", "Stenosis of bile duct", "Bile duct stenosis", "Biliary stenosis"], "Causes": ["Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography", "Ascending cholangitis", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis", "Cholangiocarcinoma", "Alagille syndrome"], "Effects": ["Common bile duct obstruction"], "Parents": ["Stricture"]}
,{"Name": "Occupational hazard", "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Coal dust inhalation", "Inhalation of silica", "Asbestos inhalation", "Beryllium inhalation", "Outdoor occupation"]}
,{"Name": "Bazex syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Bazex's syndrome", "Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica"], "Causes": ["Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Squamous cell carcinoma of lung"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"Psoriasiform changes of hands", "feet", "ears", "and nose", "with involvement of the nails \nindistinguishable from psoriatic nails. \n associated with carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract.\""]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin", "Parents": ["Metabolic drug"], "Children": ["Hypervitaminosis D", "All-trans retinoic acid", "Hypervitaminosis A", "Folic acid", "Hypervitaminosis B12", "Pyridoxine", "Biotin"]}
,{"Name": "Pox virus", "Parents": ["Double-stranded DNA virus"], "Children": ["Variola virus", "Vaccinia virus", "Molluscum contagiosum", "Orf"]}
,{"Name": "Tongue fasciculation", "Causes": ["Hypoglossal nerve palsy", "Bulbar palsy"], "Parents": ["Fasciculation", "Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Positive desferrioxamine stimulation test", "Causes": ["High aluminium"]}
,{"Name": "Coal dust inhalation", "Effects": ["Anthracosis"], "Parents": ["Occupational hazard"]}
,{"Name": "Gifford sign", "Synonyms": ["Difficulty in everting upper eyelid"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Difficulty in eversion of upper lid.\""]}
,{"Name": "Calcineurin inhibitor", "Effects": ["Artefactual high potassium", "Drug nephrotoxicity"], "Parents": ["Immunosuppressant drug"], "Children": ["Tacrolimus", "Cyclosporin"]}
,{"Name": "Malar flush", "Causes": ["Mitral stenosis"], "Parents": ["Facial erythema"], "Description": ["\"Peripheral cyanosis\""]}
,{"Name": "Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome", "Synonyms": ["OHSS"], "Causes": ["High human chorionic gonadotrophin"], "Effects": ["Peripheral vasodilatation", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Sterile inflammation"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"]}
,{"Name": "Occipital exostoses", "Causes": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX"]}
,{"Name": "Fibroma", "Causes": ["Gardener's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "Jerky sustained pulse", "Synonyms": ["Bifid pulse"], "Causes": ["Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Pulse sign"]}
,{"Name": "Aneurysmal thrombosis", "Causes": ["Aneurysm"], "Effects": ["Systemic thromboembolisation"], "Parents": ["Thrombosis"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic pancreatitis", "Causes": ["Alcohol", "Cholelithiasis", "Thick mucus", "Hypercalcaemia", "Acute pancreatitis", "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Haemochromatosis", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy"], "Effects": ["Epigastric pain", "Pancreatic insufficiency", "Ascites", "Pancreatic calcification", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Intravenous drug abuse", "Splenic vein thrombosis", "Erythema ab igne"], "Parents": ["Pancreatitis"], "Treatments": ["Pancreatic enzyme", "Insulin"], "Description": ["\">30% have biliary strictures\""]}
,{"Name": "Immune haemolysis", "Synonyms": ["Immune haemolytic anaemia"], "Effects": ["Intravascular haemolysis", "Coombs test positive"], "Parents": ["Haematological autoimmune disease", "Haemolysis"], "Children": ["Warm antibody haemolysis", "Cold antibody haemolysis"], "Description": ["\"Idiopathic\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Testicular pain", "Causes": ["Orchitis", "Epididymitis", "Testicular torsion"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Secondary ovarian tumour", "Synonyms": ["Krukenberg tumor"], "Causes": ["Carcinoma of breast"], "Parents": ["Ovarian tumour", "Metastasis"], "Children": ["Krukenberg tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Bitemporal hemianopia", "Causes": ["Pituitary adenoma", "Craniopharyngioma", "Langerhans cell histiocytosis", "Pituitary apoplexy"], "Parents": ["Visual field loss"]}
,{"Name": "Narcolepsy", "Synonyms": ["Gelineau syndrome"], "Causes": ["Head injury", "Encephalitis", "Pickwickian syndrome", "Multiple sclerosis", "HLA-DR2", "Laughter", "Tearfulness"], "Effects": ["Excessive daytime sleep", "Disturbed nocturnal sleep", "Cataplexy", "Sleep paralysis", "Somnolescence", "Hypersomnia"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"], "Description": ["\"Rx dexamphetamine\""]}
,{"Name": "Baroreceptor deafferentation syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Baroreflex failure"], "Causes": ["Neck surgery", "Irradiation"], "Effects": ["Autonomic dysreflexia"], "Treatments": ["Amlodipine"]}
,{"Name": "Pale stools", "Causes": ["Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "aspiration of cyst", "Treats": ["Echinococcosis"]}
,{"Name": "Rifabutin", "Effects": ["Uveitis"], "Parents": ["Anti-tuberculous agent"], "Treatments": ["Tuberculosis"]}
,{"Name": "Diabetic retinopathy", "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Effects": ["Retinal microaneurysm", "Cotton wool exudate", "Blot haemorrhage", "Flame haemorrhage", "Chronic glaucoma", "Proliferative retinopathy"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"], "Description": ["\"Prevalence 25% in Type II", "40% in Type I diabetes\""]}
,{"Name": "ABC1 gene mutation", "Synonyms": ["ATP-binding casette 1 transporter protein mutation"], "Effects": ["Sitosterolaemia"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 9\""]}
,{"Name": "Diltiazem", "Parents": ["Class IV antiarrhythmic drug"], "Treats": ["Primary pulmonary hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Lactate acidosis", "Synonyms": ["Lactic acid production", "Lactic acidosis"], "Causes": ["Arsenic"], "Effects": ["Increased H ion production"], "Parents": ["Metabolic acidosis", "Acidosis"], "Children": ["Acquired lactate acidosis", "Hereditary lactate acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Analgesic drug", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug", "Drug"], "Children": ["Paracetamol", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Phenacetin"], "Treats": ["Pelvic fracture", "Tonsillitis"]}
,{"Name": "PHEX gene mutation", "Effects": ["Vitamin D resistant rickets"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xp22.2-p22.1\n\nPhosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog", "X-linked (PHEX)\""]}
,{"Name": "Malassezia furfur", "Effects": ["Pityriasis versicolor", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis"], "Parents": ["Yeast", "Fungal infections of skin"]}
,{"Name": "Incontinentia pigmenti syndrome", "Synonyms": ["IPS", "Block-Sulzberger disease"], "Effects": ["Vesicle", "Hypopigmented skin", "Metabolic epilepsy"], "Parents": ["X-linked dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Whorls and lines of pigment\""]}
,{"Name": "Haematoma", "Parents": ["Haemorrhage"], "Children": ["Retroperitoneal haematoma", "Subdural haematoma"]}
,{"Name": "Loud P2", "Synonyms": ["Loud second pulmonary heart sound"], "Causes": ["Cor pulmonale", "Pulmonary hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Ascending aortic aneurysm", "Synonyms": ["Aortitis", "Aortic root disease"], "Causes": ["Quaternary syphilis", "Takayasu arteritis", "Reiter's syndrome"], "Effects": ["Absent radial pulse"], "Parents": ["Aortic aneurysm"]}
,{"Name": "Anaerobe", "Synonyms": ["Anaerobic bacterium"], "Parents": ["Bacterial infection"], "Children": ["Clostridium", "Actinomyces", "Bacteroides", "Helicobacter pylori", "Fusobacterium necrophorum"]}
,{"Name": "Folate antagonist drug", "Synonyms": ["Antifolate drug"], "Effects": ["Folic acid deficiency"], "Parents": ["Antimetabolite"], "Children": ["Methotrexate", "6-mercaptopurine"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary neoplasia", "Parents": ["Genetic disease", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Children": ["Cancers due to gene mutation", "Cancers with polygenic inheritance", "Congenital neoplastic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Rhinology", "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat disease"], "Children": ["Epistaxis", "Nasal polyp", "Sinusitis", "Allergic rhinitis", "Dacryocystitis", "Post-nasal drip"]}
,{"Name": "Cestode", "Synonyms": ["Tapeworm"], "Parents": ["Helminth"], "Children": ["Echinococcosis", "Cysticercosis", "Taenia saginata", "Taenia solium"]}
,{"Name": "Lung Injury", "Causes": ["Blood transfusion"], "Description": ["\"Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)", "is caused by antibodies in the donor's plasma. \nThe most common cause of transfusion-related death.\nThe precise mechanisms of the capillary leak syndrome in TRALI unknown.\""]}
,{"Name": "Familial hypercalciuric hypercalcaemia", "Effects": ["Hypercalcaemia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Pepper-pot skull", "Synonyms": ["Punched out cranial lesion", "Pepperpot skull"], "Causes": ["Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Myeloma"], "Parents": ["Skull radiographical sign"]}
,{"Name": "Silent angina", "Synonyms": ["Angina sine dolore"], "Parents": ["Acute coronary syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Right hemicolectomy", "Parents": ["Colectomy"], "Treats": ["Colorectal carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Steatosis", "Synonyms": ["Fatty liver"], "Causes": ["Alcoholic liver disease", "Obesity", "Corticosteroid", "Diabetes mellitus", "HELLP syndrome", "Malnutrition", "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy", "Reye syndrome", "Tetracycline", "Valproate", "Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Tangier disease", "Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor", "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Total parenteral nutrition"], "Parents": ["Hepatobiliary pathology"], "Children": ["Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis"], "Description": ["\" Accumulation of lipids", "particularly triglycerides within hepatocytes.\nFatty liver.\nAs long as cirrhosis has not developed", "fatty change is reversible with modification of  underlying cause.\""]}
,{"Name": "Spinothalamic tract lesion", "Synonyms": ["Spinothalamic lesion", "Spinothalamic deficit"], "Causes": ["Syringomyelia", "Myelopathy", "Anterior spinal artery occlusion", "Tangier disease"], "Effects": ["Loss of pinprick sensation", "Loss of temperature sensation"], "Parents": ["Spinal cord pathology"], "Children": ["Contralesional spinothalamic deficit"]}
,{"Name": "High altitude", "Effects": ["Chronic hypoxia", "Altitude sickness", "Patent ductus arteriosus", "Hypoxic encephalopathy", "Acute hypoxia"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased IQ", "Synonyms": ["Decreased intelligence quotient"], "Parents": ["Cognitive disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Fluid thrill", "Causes": ["Ascites"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Synonyms": ["PDH deficiency"], "Causes": ["PDHA1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Respiratory depression", "Mental retardation", "Myotonia", "Seizure", "Hereditary lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Haematological pathology", "X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"PDHA1 gene mutation\nLactic acidosis\""]}
,{"Name": "Bisphosphonate", "Effects": ["Hypocalcaemia", "Oesophagitis", "Avascular necrosis"], "Parents": ["Metabolic drug"], "Treats": ["Osteoporosis", "Hypercalcaemia", "Paget disease", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta"]}
,{"Name": "Elephantiasis", "Causes": ["Wucheria bancrofti"]}
,{"Name": "Lignt chain nephropathy", "Synonyms": ["Myeloma kidney", "Light chain deposition"], "Causes": ["Myeloma renal disease"]}
,{"Name": "Cystic", "Causes": ["Warthin tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Hypernephroma triad", "Causes": ["Renal cell carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Haematuria", "Abdominal pain", "Mass"]}
,{"Name": "N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone-imine", "Synonyms": ["NAPQI", "N-acetyl p-benzoquinonimine", "NABQI"], "Causes": ["Paracetamol"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Sudden standing up", "Effects": ["Vasovagal reflex", "Postural hypotension"]}
,{"Name": "Pancreatitis", "Causes": ["Primary hyperparathyroidism"], "Effects": ["High liver dehydrogenase", "High serum amylase", "High serum lipase"], "Parents": ["Hepatobiliary pathology"], "Children": ["Acute pancreatitis", "Chronic pancreatitis"], "Description": ["\"Pain relieved on sitting forward\""]}
,{"Name": "Microscopic polyangiitis", "Synonyms": ["Polyangitis", "Microscopic vasculitis", "Polyangiitis", "Microscopic polyangiitis", "Microscopic polyarteritis nodosa", "Microscopic PAN"], "Effects": ["Haemoptysis", "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Positive p-ANCA", "Scleritis", "Nail-fold vasculitis"], "Parents": ["Primary vasculitis"], "Description": ["\"Kidney involvement\nANCA +ve\""]}
,{"Name": "Jervell-Lange-Nielson syndrome", "Effects": ["Prolonged QT interval", "Congenital deafness"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Channelopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Brisk jaw jerk", "Causes": ["Pseudobulbar palsy", "Meige syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign"]}
,{"Name": "Ubiquitin inclusion body", "Parents": ["Inclusion body", "Brain biopsy"], "Children": ["Lewy bodies in substantia nigra", "Neurofibrillary tangle", "Pick body", "Mallory body", "Rosenthal fibre"]}
,{"Name": "Oligodendroglioma", "Parents": ["Neurological tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome", "Synonyms": ["DILS"], "Causes": ["Human immunodeficiency virus"], "Effects": ["Bilateral parotid swelling", "Cervical lymphadenopathy", "Xerostomia", "Dry eye", "Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia", "Peripheral neuropathy", "Viral hepatitis", "Myositis"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous mastocytosis", "Treatments": ["Antihistamine"]}
,{"Name": "Wide splitting of second heart sound", "Synonyms": ["Exaggerated splitting of second heart sound", "Widely split S2"], "Causes": ["Mitral regurgitation", "Pulmonary stenosis", "Right bundle branch block", "Ventricular septal defect", "Pulmonary hypertension"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoxaemia", "Synonyms": ["Hypoxia", "Low oxygen in blood"], "Causes": ["Right to left shunt", "Methaemoglobinaemia", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia", "Hypoxic respiratory failure"], "Effects": ["Central cyanosis", "Diffuse organ ischaemia", "Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Blood gas investigation"], "Children": ["Chronic hypoxia", "Acute hypoxia"], "Description": ["\"hypoxemia refers to low partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood. \nhypoxia = inadequate supply of oxygen to tissues.\nHypoxemia can cause hypoxia.\""]}
,{"Name": "Small P-wave", "Causes": ["Hyperkalaemia"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "FLG gene mutation", "Effects": ["Ichthyosis vulgaris"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 1q21.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Cheiroarthropathy", "Synonyms": ["Prayer sign"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["Arthropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Cisplatin", "Synonyms": ["Cis-platin", "cytotoxic", "Chemotheraputic drug"], "Effects": ["Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Alkylating agent"], "Treats": ["Small cell carcinoma of lung", "Seminoma", "Teratoma", "Mesothelioma", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Cervical cancer", "Squamous cell carcinoma of lung", "Bronchioalveolar carcinoma", "Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx"]}
,{"Name": "Central nervous system drug", "Synonyms": ["CNS drug", "Centrally acting drug"], "Parents": ["Nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Analgesic drug", "Antihistamine", "Antiemetic", "Sedative drug", "Narcotic", "Anticonvulsant drug", "Antidepressant", "Serotonin agonist", "Serotonin antagonist", "Dopamine receptor agonist", "Dopamine receptor antagonist", "Glutamate receptor blocker", "GABA-A receptor agonist", "Duloxetine", "Appetite suppressant", "General anaesthetic", "Caffeine", "Nicotine", "Alcohol", "Baclofen", "Tetrabenazine", "Naloxone", "Anti-migraine drug", "Buproprion", "Riluzole", "Tizanidine", "Levodopa"]}
,{"Name": "Malabsorption state", "Synonyms": ["Nutrient malabsorption"], "Causes": ["Diarrhoea", "Insufficient digestive enzymes", "Coeliac disease", "Tropical sprue", "Whipple's disease", "Crohn's disease", "Short bowel syndrome", "Gastrectomy", "Bowel bacterial overgrowth", "Gastric atrophy", "Giardiasis", "Eosinophilic gastroenteritis", "Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome", "Strongyloides stercoralis", "Cysticercosis", "Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy", "Wolman disease"], "Effects": ["Osteoporosis", "Osteomalacia", "Vitamin D deficiency", "Malnutrition", "Aphthous ulcer", "Short stature", "Iron malabsorption", "Bile salt malabsorption", "Diarrhoea", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism", "Clotting factor deficiency", "Weight loss"], "Description": ["\"Vitamin  K malabsorption  results in failure of prothrombin synthesis in the liver.\""]}
,{"Name": "Staphylococcus epidermidis", "Effects": ["Acne rosacea"], "Parents": ["Staphylococcus"]}
,{"Name": "Urethral sphincter dysfunction", "Synonyms": ["Sphincter urethrae paresis"], "Causes": ["S234 root lesion"], "Effects": ["Acute urinary retention", "Chronic urinary retention", "Urinary incontinence"]}
,{"Name": "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Synonyms": ["HSP", "Henoch-Schoenlein purpura", "Henoch-Sch\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdnlein purpura", "anaphylactoid purpura"], "Causes": ["Group A streptococcus", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "C2 deficiency"], "Effects": ["Petechial rash", "Acute abdominal pain", "Acute glomerulonephritis", "Polyarthralgia", "Anorexia", "Fever", "Abdominal colic", "Bloody diarrhoea", "Scrotal oedema", "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Hypersensitivity vasculitis", "IgA nephropathy", "Duodenojejunitis", "Intussusception", "Acute headache", "Immunological urticaria"], "Treatments": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"HSP is a systemic vasculitis.\n\nIgA complexes deposited in capillaries of mesangium.\n33% get IgA nephropathy.\n\nClinically: Classic triad\n  - Purpura\n  -Arthritis\n - Abdominal pain \n\nNo specific diagnostic test.\n\nTreatment: Symptomatic.\""]}
,{"Name": "Dilatation and Curettage", "Parents": ["Gynaecological surgery"], "Treats": ["Threatened abortion", "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding"]}
,{"Name": "Fatal familial insomnia", "Parents": ["Prion disease"]}
,{"Name": "Beau's lines", "Synonyms": ["Beau line"], "Causes": ["Severe illness"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"], "Description": ["\"Transverse lines -- depressions growing out slowly\""]}
,{"Name": "Erythropoietic protoporphyria", "Synonyms": ["Erythropoetic protoporphyria"], "Effects": ["Pseudorhagades", "Photosensitivity"], "Parents": ["Porphyria"]}
,{"Name": "Duloxetine", "Synonyms": ["Cymbalta"], "Parents": ["Urological drug", "Central nervous system drug"], "Treats": ["Stress incontinence"], "Description": ["\"Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)\nActs centrally at Onuf\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds nucleus to increase activity of the pudendal nerve.\n\nHence facilitates sphincter activity during urine storage but not during voiding", "maintaining the bladder-sphincter synergy. \n\nBecause it inhibits both 5-HT and NE reuptake", "it offesr an advantage over agents that inhibit reuptakeof a single neurotransmitter.\""]}
,{"Name": "Immobilisation", "Treats": ["Colles fracture"]}
,{"Name": "Refractive errors", "Effects": ["Acquired strabismus", "Amblyopia"], "Parents": ["Childhood ocular problems"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatobiliary pathology", "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal pathology"], "Children": ["Cholelithiasis", "Cholecystitis", "Hepatitis", "Cirrhosis", "Pancreatitis", "Steatosis"]}
,{"Name": "Primiparity", "Effects": ["Pre-eclampsia"]}
,{"Name": "Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre", "Parents": ["Manoeuvre"], "Description": ["\"To test for BPPV ( benign paroxysmal positional vertigo) \""]}
,{"Name": "Fibroid", "Effects": ["Menorrhagia"]}
,{"Name": "Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibres", "Synonyms": ["MERRF"], "Effects": ["Progressive myoclonic epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Mitochondrial chromosome disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Sexual dysfunction", "Parents": ["Vegetative function disturbance"], "Children": ["Loss of libido", "Impotence"]}
,{"Name": "Ureteric obstruction", "Synonyms": ["Obstruction of ureter"], "Causes": ["Renal calculi", "Transitional cell carcinoma of ureter", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Cervical cancer", "Gynaecological surgery", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Abdominal aortic aneurysm", "Schistosomiasis", "Urinary tract tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Loin pain", "Haematuria", "Urinary tract infection", "Chronic urinary tract obstruction"], "Parents": ["Obstruction"], "Description": ["\"Iatrogenic:\r\nAccidental injury/ ligation of ureter during gynaecological surgery.\r\nIncidence 1%\r\nPredisposing factors:\r\n  - Pelvic radiation \r\n  - Advanced pelvic cancers \r\n  - Extensive surgical procedures \""]}
,{"Name": "Iron overload", "Synonyms": ["Secondary Haemochromatosis"], "Causes": ["Haemolysis", "Blood transfusion", "Excess iron intake", "Ineffective erythropoiesis", "GRACILE syndrome"], "Effects": ["Raised serum iron", "Haemochromatosis"], "Parents": ["Acquired metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Tympanosotomy", "Synonyms": ["Gromet"], "Parents": ["ENT procedure"], "Treats": ["Glue ear"], "Description": ["\"Grommets allow air into the middle ear. \nGrommets normally fall out of the ear as the eardrum grows", "usually within a year. By this time the glue ear has often gone away. \nThe cut in the eardrum made for the grommet normally heals quickly when the grommet falls out. \nGrommets are so small that you may not notice when they fall out of the ear.\""]}
,{"Name": "P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Parents": ["Drugs that increase effect of warfarin"], "Children": ["Omeprazole", "Amiodarone", "Ketoconazole", "Disulfiram", "Erythromycin", "Valproate", "Isoniazid", "Imipramine", "Cimetidine", "Chloramphenicol", "Ciprofloxacin", "Alcohol", "Sulphamethoxazole", "Sulphonamide", "Metronidazole", "Fluconazole", "Itraconazole", "Protease inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Human albumin solution", "Synonyms": ["HAS", "Intravenous albumin", "Human albumen solution"], "Effects": ["Anaphylaxis", "Facial flushing", "Polyphonic wheeze"], "Parents": ["Intravenous fluid"], "Treats": ["Ascites", "Septicaemia", "Burn", "Liver failure", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Adult respiratory distress syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Hypoalbuminemai occurs in:\r\n-Burns\r\n-Septicaemia\r\n-ARDS\r\n-Acute Liver failure\r\n-Acute nephrosis\r\n-Protein losing enteropathy\r\n\r\nRelated to capillary leak from dysfunction of the endothelial barrier. Mechanism unknown.\r\n\r\nLow albumin = reliable prognostic indicator.\r\nHowever there is no evidence to support its use in critically ill patients.\r\n\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Webbed digits", "Synonyms": ["Webbed feet", "Webbed fingers", "Webbing of fingers", "Fusing of fingers", "Fused fingers"], "Causes": ["Cri-du-chat syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Hypocapnia", "Synonyms": ["Low arterial pCO2", "Low blood carbon dioxide"], "Causes": ["Hyperventilation", "Pulmonary embolus"], "Parents": ["Blood gas investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Haematemesis", "Synonyms": ["Vomiting blood", "Haemetemesis"], "Causes": ["Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Epistaxis"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Graves disease", "Synonyms": ["von Basedow syndrome", "Primary Thyrotoxicosis"], "Causes": ["HLA-B8", "DR-3", "HLA-DR3", "Thyroid antibody", "TSH receptor antibody", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Female gender"], "Effects": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Thyroid eye disease", "Thyroid dermopathy", "Myasthenia gravis", "Insulin autoantibodies", "Mitral valve prolapse"], "Parents": ["Thyroid disease", "Face sign"], "Treatments": ["Carbimazole", "Thiouracil", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Subtotal thyroidectomy", "Radioiodine therapy"], "Description": ["\"30 year old woman\n\nTREATMENTS\n1)Carbimazole/Thiouracil:\n   Risk = agranulocytosis\n\n2)Subtotal thyroidectomy\n   Risks:\n  -Reccurent laryngeal nerve injury\n  -Life threatening post op haematoma\n\n3)Radioiodine\n   Reserved for older ages  & surgical failures\n   Risks: 80% risk of hypothyroidism.\n\n4) Beta Blockers\n    used to control symptoms of tachycardia etc\n    until  antithyroid treatments start to take effect.\""]}
,{"Name": "Yeast", "Parents": ["Fungal infection"], "Children": ["Malassezia furfur", "Pityrosporum ovale", "Pityrosporum orbiculare", "Candida albicans"]}
,{"Name": "Minocycline", "Effects": ["Drug-induced lupus", "Benign intracranial hypertension", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Tetracycline"]}
,{"Name": "Fluid in maxillary sinus", "Causes": ["Orbital blowout fracture", "Sinusitis"], "Parents": ["Skull radiographical sign"]}
,{"Name": "Dermoid", "Effects": ["Face lump"]}
,{"Name": "Essential thrombocythaemia", "Synonyms": ["ET", "Essential thrombocytosis", "Primary thrombocythaemia"], "Effects": ["Thrombocytosis", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Neutrophilic leukocytosis", "Platelet dysfunction", "Megakaryocyte", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Myeloproliferative disorder"], "Treatments": ["Hydroxyurea", "Phosphorus-32"], "Description": ["\"Rx Hydroxyurea", "Interferon", "32P", "plateletpheresis\""]}
,{"Name": "Trisomy 9", "Effects": ["Dandy-Walker anomaly", "Hypertelorism", "Congenital pulmonary stenosis", "Ventricular septal defect", "Overriding aorta", "Shortened fifth metacarpal", "Brachydactyly", "Club foot", "Pectus excavatum"], "Parents": ["Trisomy"]}
,{"Name": "Eye strain", "Effects": ["Chronic headache"]}
,{"Name": "Skin biopsy", "Synonyms": ["Skin histology"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Children": ["Lipid inclusion", "PAS-positive inclusions"]}
,{"Name": "Anaemia of reduced erythropoiesis", "Parents": ["Anaemia"], "Children": ["Megaloblastic anaemia", "Iron deficiency anaemia", "Anaemia of chronic disease", "Bone marrow failure anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Trismus", "Synonyms": ["Lockjaw"], "Causes": ["Tetanus"]}
,{"Name": "Wheeze", "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"], "Children": ["Polyphonic wheeze", "Monophonic wheeze"]}
,{"Name": "Immunological pathology", "Synonyms": ["Immune pathology", "Immunopathology"], "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Immunosuppression", "Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition", "Defective phagocyte function", "Defective B-cell function", "Defective T-cell function", "Hyposplenism", "Hypersensitivity reaction"]}
,{"Name": "Non-selective proteinuria", "Causes": ["Membranous glomerulonephritis"], "Parents": ["Proteinuria"]}
,{"Name": "Enteric fever", "Children": ["Typhoid fever", "Paratyphoid fever"]}
,{"Name": "Torsion of ovarian cyst", "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Myositis", "Causes": ["Dermatomyositis", "Polymyositis", "Inclusion body myositis", "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor", "Sarcoidosis", "Lyme disease", "Toxoplasmosis", "Simvastatin", "Colchicine", "Chloroquine", "Interferon alpha", "Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome"], "Effects": ["Myalgia", "Myopathy", "Raised creatine kinase", "Sterile inflammation"], "Children": ["Eye muscle inflammation"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital varicella syndrome", "Causes": ["Chickenpox"], "Effects": ["Cataract", "Microcephaly", "Cerebral atrophy", "Hypoplastic limb"], "Parents": ["Congenital malformation syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Tramadol", "Parents": ["Opioid"]}
,{"Name": "Pineapple", "Effects": ["Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Spina bifida", "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome", "Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Pes cavus", "Syringomyelia"], "Parents": ["Spine deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma Body of Pancreas", "Effects": ["Back pain"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of pancreas"], "Children": ["Tail of Pancreas"]}
,{"Name": "Zalcitabine", "Effects": ["Toxic neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Chemical injury", "Effects": ["Soft tissue injury"]}
,{"Name": "Fenofibrate", "Parents": ["Lipid-lowering drug", "Uricosuric agent"]}
,{"Name": "Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder", "Synonyms": ["TCC of bladder", "Bladder TCC"], "Causes": ["Cigarette smoking", "Dye", "Cyclophosphamide", "Pelvic irradiation"], "Effects": ["Haematuria"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of urinary bladder"], "Children": ["Non invasive transitional cell carcinoma of bladder", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Carcinoma in situ of bladder"], "Description": ["\"STAGING\r\nTa Mucosal\r\nT1 Invades Lamina Propria\r\nT2 Invades superficial muscle\r\nT3 Invades deep muscle\r\nT4 Adjacent organ spread\r\n\r\nPROGNOSIS:  5 yr survival\r\nTa = 95%\r\nT1 = 70%\r\nT2 = 60%\r\nT3 = 40%\r\nT4 = 10%\r\n\r\nPrognostic factors:\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Depth of invasion.\r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Pathologic grade \r\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Presence of carcinoma in situ.\r\n\r\n10% of bladder TCCs  develop TCC in the ureter or kidney later.\r\n\r\nTREATMENT:\r\nTa - Cystodiathermy + Intravesical Mitomycin\r\nT1 - TURBT + Intravesical BCG\r\nT2-T3 = Radical Cystectomy/ Radiotherpay\r\nT4 - Paliative Radiotherpay\""]}
,{"Name": "Multiple birth", "Synonyms": ["Twinning", "Twins"], "Causes": ["In vitro fertilisation"], "Effects": ["Premature birth", "Hydramnios", "Abruptio placentae", "Incomplete separation", "Cerebral palsy", "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Gestational diabetes", "Pre-eclampsia", "Placenta praevia", "Fetal tachycardia", "Umblical cord prolapse", "Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 0.3%\nHigher risk of \n   - miscarriage \n   - anaemia \n   - haemorrhage \n   - early labour \n   -caesarean section\n   - ventouse \n   -forceps delivery \n\n25% complicated by pre-eclampsia.\n Likely to have gestational diabetes.\n\nMultiple Birth Death Rates:\nTwins are 5 times more likely than singletons to die within a month of birth. \nTriplets are 15 times more likely to die within a month of birth.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Fetal stress", "Synonyms": ["fetal distress"], "Causes": ["Dystocia", "Nuchal cord", "Abruptio placentae", "Cholestasis of pregnancy", "Overdue pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Reduced fetal movement", "Meconium stained liquor"], "Description": ["\"Decreased movement felt by mother \nMeconium stained amniotic fluid \nFetal tachycardia  during and after contraction\""]}
,{"Name": "Lisch nodule", "Causes": ["Neurofibromatosis I"], "Description": ["\"Pigmented nodules of iris\""]}
,{"Name": "Abnormal fetal presentation", "Causes": ["Hydramnios", "Placenta praevia"], "Effects": ["Dystocia"], "Description": ["\"Non-vertex presentations should alert the clinician to possibility of dystocia\n\nBreech\n\nTransverse lie\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Absent uterus", "Causes": ["Testicular feminisation"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-GQ1b antibody", "Effects": ["Miller-Fisher syndrome", "Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Anti-glycolipid antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Wilson's disease", "Synonyms": ["Wilson disease", "Hepatolenticular degeneration"], "Causes": ["ATP7B gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Chronic liver disease", "Tender hepatomegaly", "Parkinsonism", "Chorea", "Behavioural change", "Kayser-Fleischer ring", "Blue lunnula", "Blue nail", "Low coeruloplasmin", "High urine copper", "High liver copper", "Osteomalacia", "Low plasma urate", "Mallory body", "Extravascular haemolysis", "Proximal renal tubule acidosis", "Osteoarthritis", "Chondrocalcinosis", "Cutis laxa", "Congenital cataract", "Hereditary Fanconi syndrome", "Panda sign"], "Parents": ["Liver disease", "Autosomal recessive disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Treatments": ["Penicillamine", "Zinc", "Liver transplant"], "Description": ["\"No increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma\nChromosome 13q\n10% develop Coombs' negative haemolysis\n\nPathology\nhepatolenticular degeneration\nBrain area affected = lenticular nuclei\ncopper accumulates in liver & spills over to CNS\n\nClinical:\n -neurological/ psychiatric symptoms \n -liver disease.\n\n\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial D-lactate production", "Causes": ["Short bowel syndrome"], "Effects": ["Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Description": ["\"Occurs under the foll. conditions\n1)carbohydrate malabsorption.\n2) colonic flora that produces d-lactic acid.\n3) ingestion of large amounts of carbohydrate.\n4) diminished colonic motility", "allowing for bacterial fermentation. \n5) impaired d-lactate metabolism.\""]}
,{"Name": "Late diastolic murmur", "Causes": ["Mitral stenosis", "Tricuspid stenosis"], "Parents": ["Diastolic murmur"], "Description": ["\"Left sternal edge\""]}
,{"Name": "Acquired childhood disease", "Causes": ["Childhood"], "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Childhood infections", "Childhood malnutriton", "Childhood malignancy", "Childhood heart disease", "Childhood asthma", "Childhood deafness", "Childhood ocular problems", "Childhood seizure", "Dental caries", "Type I diabetes mellitus", "Intussusception", "Enuresis", "Still disease"]}
,{"Name": "Ptosis", "Synonyms": ["Drooping eyelid"], "Causes": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Horner syndrome", "Myasthenia gravis", "Myotonic dystrophy", "Blepharophimosis", "Mechanical effect on eyelid", "Involutional lid disorder", "Facial surgery", "Levator dystrophy", "Snakebite"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Children": ["Bilateral ptosis"], "Description": ["\"Pseudo ptosis :\n 1.Lack of lid support: empty socket .\n 2.Higher lid position on contralateral side: eg:  lid retraction\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Submucous lipoma", "Effects": ["Intussusception"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Hyoscine", "Synonyms": ["Scopolamine"], "Parents": ["Antiemetic", "Antimuscarinic drug"], "Treats": ["Iridocyclitis"]}
,{"Name": "Measles", "Synonyms": ["Rubeola"], "Effects": ["Exanthemous rash", "Decreased platelet production", "Chronic pulmonary infection", "Koplik spots", "Morbilliform rash", "Viral meningitis", "Anti-measles antibody", "Crohn's disease"], "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus", "Live vaccine", "Contagious disease"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"], "Description": ["\"\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Small round-structured virus", "Synonyms": ["SRSV", "Norwalk-like virus", "Norovirus"], "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Viral gastroenteritis"], "Parents": ["Viral infection"]}
,{"Name": "Altered sensorium", "Synonyms": ["Abnormal perception"], "Causes": ["Delirium", "Stupor", "Coma", "Encephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric sign"], "Description": ["\"Acute onset problem with the brain's ability to \nreceive", "process or interpret sensory information.\""]}
,{"Name": "Vitreous haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Posterior vitreous detachment", "Terson syndrome"], "Effects": ["Black rain", "Absent red reflex"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Bone fragment", "Effects": ["Penetrating injury"]}
,{"Name": "Laryngocoele", "Causes": ["Paroxysmal coughing", "Wind instruments", "Valsalva manoevure", "Male gender"], "Effects": ["Neck swelling", "Hoarse voice", "Upper airway obstruction"], "Parents": ["Laryngology"], "Treatments": ["Excision"]}
,{"Name": "Conn syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Primary hyperaldosteronism"], "Causes": ["Adrenal adenoma", "Adrenal hyperplasia", "Male gender", "Mineralocorticoid", "Adrenal cortical hyperfunction", "Familial hyperaldosteronism"], "Effects": ["Hyperaldosteronism", "Low renin"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Treatments": ["Adrenalectomy"], "Description": ["\"excess aldosterone from adrenal\n\nhypertensive hypokalaemic alkalosis without diuretics\""]}
,{"Name": "Periodic acid schiff stain positive", "Synonyms": ["PAS stain positive", "PAD-positive"], "Causes": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia", "Tropheryma whippelii", "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "X-linked recessive icthyosis", "Causes": ["X-linked recessive disorder"], "Parents": ["Ichthyosis"]}
,{"Name": "Pretibial myxoedema", "Causes": ["Thyroid dermopathy"], "Effects": ["Peau d'orange", "Non-pitting ankle swelling"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination", "Endocrine skin disorder"], "Treatments": ["Plasmapheresis", "Immunosuppressant drug", "Octreotide", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Late manifestation\""]}
,{"Name": "Maize", "Effects": ["Nicotinic acid deficiency"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia", "Synonyms": ["TAC"], "Effects": ["Ophthalmic autonomic dysregulation", "Restlessness"], "Parents": ["Primary headache disorder"], "Children": ["Cluster headache", "Paroxysmal hemicrania", "Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing"]}
,{"Name": "PDHA1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xp22.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Increased androgen secretion", "Causes": ["Adrenal cortical hyperfunction", "21-hydroxylase deficiency", "Ovarian tumour", "Adrenal adenoma", "McCune Albright syndrome", "Aminoglutethimide", "Leydig cell tumour"], "Effects": ["Virilisation", "Precocious puberty", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Increased urinary dehydroepiandrosterone", "Tall stature"]}
,{"Name": "Musculoskeletal chest pain", "Causes": ["Cough", "Repeated vomiting", "Tietze syndrome", "Rib fracture"], "Effects": ["Pleuritic chest pain"], "Parents": ["Chest pain"]}
,{"Name": "Onychomycosis", "Synonyms": ["Fungal infection of nail", "Fungal nail infection"], "Effects": ["Onychogryphosis", "Onycholysis", "Nail pitting"], "Parents": ["Fungal infection", "Contagious disease"], "Treatments": ["Terbinafine", "Itraconazole", "Griseofulvin"]}
,{"Name": "Halo Naevus", "Parents": ["Benign melanoma"], "Description": ["\" - Surrounding circle of depigmentation- idiopathic\n - probably represents an immune mediated destruction of the nevus.\n -After the regression of the nevus", "the halo itself usually disappears in months or years\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Decreased angiotensin II", "Causes": ["Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor", "Chronic renal failure"], "Effects": ["Decreased aldosterone", "High renin"]}
,{"Name": "Organic depressive disorder", "Causes": ["Neurological mental disorder"], "Parents": ["Organic mood affective disorder", "Affective disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Calcification of basal ganglia", "Synonyms": ["Calcification in BG"], "Causes": ["Mitochondrial chromosome disorder", "Prion disease", "Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism"], "Effects": ["Eye-of-the-tiger sign"], "Parents": ["CT sign"]}
,{"Name": "Coiled spring appearance", "Causes": ["Intussusception"], "Parents": ["Barium sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pyridostigmine", "Parents": ["Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Allergic rhinitis", "Causes": ["Dust", "Pollen", "Animal hair"], "Effects": ["Sneeze", "Nasal obstruction", "Nasal polyp"], "Parents": ["Rhinology", "Allergic disorder"], "Children": ["Hay fever"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"the allergen triggers production of the antibody immunoglobulin  (IgE)", "which binds to mast cells and basophils containing histamine\""]}
,{"Name": "Leonine facies", "Synonyms": ["Lion-face syndrome"], "Causes": ["Lepromatous leprosy", "Leontiasis ossea"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Renal artery stenosis", "Synonyms": ["RAS", "Renovascular disease"], "Causes": ["Atherosclerosis", "Fibromuscular dysplasia", "Neurofibromatosis I", "Pseudoxanthoma elasticum"], "Effects": ["High renin", "Paroxysmal Hypertension", "Abdominal arterial bruit", "Renal fluid retention", "Hypokalaemia", "Metabolic alkalosis", "Pulmonary oedema"], "Parents": ["Renal pathology"], "Children": ["Renal arteriosclerosis"]}
,{"Name": "Endocrine drug", "Synonyms": ["Endocrinological drug", "Endocrinology drug"], "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Insulin", "Oral hypoglycaemic", "Thyroxine", "Antithyroid drug", "Vasopressin analogue", "Somatostatin analogue", "Growth factor inhibitor", "Anti-oestrogen", "Anti-progestogen", "Progestogen", "Tamoxifen", "Clomiphene", "Danazol", "Androgen", "Gonadotropin analogue", "Testosterone replacement", "Finasteride", "Prostacyclin", "Goserelin", "Leuprolein", "Flutamide", "Bicalutamide", "Calcitonin", "Erythropoietin"]}
,{"Name": "Fused labia", "Synonyms": ["Labial fusion"], "Causes": ["Virilisation", "Nappy infection"], "Parents": ["Genital examination sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperaldosteronism", "Synonyms": ["Hyperaldosteronaemia"], "Causes": ["Conn syndrome", "Adrenal cortical hyperfunction", "Liquorice"], "Effects": ["Hypernatraemia", "Hypokalaemia", "High urinary Potassium", "Hypertension", "Muscle weakness", "Ileus", "Hypochloraemia", "Metabolic alkalosis", "Endocrine fluid retention"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"]}
,{"Name": "Blue gums", "Causes": ["Lead poisoning"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-LKM"], "Effects": ["Type II chronic active hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Maternal Risk", "Causes": ["Septicaemia", "Pre-eclampsia", "Dystocia", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Amniotic fluid embolism", "Ectopic pregnancy", "Induced Abortion", "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Heart failure", "Renal failure", "Hepatitis", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Acute blood loss"], "Effects": ["Induced Abortion", "Maternal mortality"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy", "Complication of childbirth"], "Description": ["\"Overall Maternal mortality = 0.04%\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Lathyrus pea", "Effects": ["Lathyrism"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Cri-du-chat syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Deletion of 5p", "Cat cry syndrome", "Crie du chat syndrome"], "Causes": ["Chromosome 5 mutation", "Monosomy 5p"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation", "Hypertelorism", "Microcephaly", "Micrognathia", "Prominent epicanthic folds", "Webbed digits", "Simian palmar crease", "Global developmental delay", "Diastasis recti", "Neonatal hypotonia"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome number 5\""]}
,{"Name": "HLA-B8", "Effects": ["Graves disease", "Addison disease", "Coeliac disease", "Chronic active hepatitis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Lagophthalmos", "Causes": ["Proptosis", "Facial nerve palsy", "Myasthenia gravis"], "Effects": ["Conjunctival injection"]}
,{"Name": "Leiomyoma", "Synonyms": ["Fibroma"], "Causes": ["Gardener's syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hypophosphataemia"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"], "Children": ["Tracheobronchial leiomyomatosis", "Uterine fibroid"], "Description": ["\"\nBenign smooth muscle neoplasm.\n\nleios = smooth (Greek)\n\nOccur in the uterus", "small bowel and  esophagus.\n\nUterine fibroids are leiomyomata of uterine smooth muscle.\n\nMalignant transformation very rare.\""]}
,{"Name": "Eyelid papilloma", "Effects": ["Mechanical effect on eyelid"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm", "Papilloma"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-B5", "Effects": ["Behcet disease", "Ulcerative colitis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Erythroplasia of Queyrat", "Parents": ["Bowen disease", "Genital sore"], "Description": ["\"Plaques on glans", "premalignant\""]}
,{"Name": "Malignant infiltration of meninges", "Synonyms": ["Malignant meningitis"], "Causes": ["Haematological malignancy"], "Effects": ["Noninfective meningitis"], "Parents": ["Metastasis"]}
,{"Name": "Hydrophobia", "Causes": ["Dysphagia"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Autonomic nervous hyperactivity", "Causes": ["Tetanus", "Autonomic dysreflexia"], "Effects": ["Increased sympathetic tone"], "Parents": ["Dysautonomia"]}
,{"Name": "Periodontitis", "Causes": ["Vincent angina"], "Effects": ["Halitosis"]}
,{"Name": "Warm weather", "Effects": ["Migraine", "Sweating"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Somnolescence", "Synonyms": ["Sleepiness", "Somnolence"], "Causes": ["Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome", "Dopamine receptor agonist", "Trypanosoma brucei gambiense", "Narcolepsy", "Bromide"], "Parents": ["Sleep disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Mucor", "Synonyms": ["Mucorales", "Rhizopus", "Mucormycosis"], "Parents": ["Zygomycosis"]}
,{"Name": "Limitation of all joint movement", "Causes": ["Septic arthritis"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic sign"]}
,{"Name": "Optochin resistance", "Causes": ["Viridans streptococci"], "Parents": ["Microbiological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Urinary red cell casts", "Causes": ["Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Sickle cell anaemia"], "Parents": ["Urinary casts"]}
,{"Name": "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Synonyms": ["HOCM", "Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy"], "Causes": ["Friedrich ataxia", "Fabry disease", "Acromegaly", "Sarcomeric mutation"], "Effects": ["Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Left ventricular outflow obstruction", "Ejection systolic murmur", "Sudden fall in blood pressure", "Sudden death", "Dyspnoea", "Palpitation", "Mitral regurgitation", "Myxoid degeneration", "Myocardial ischaemia", "Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve", "Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy", "Sick sinus syndrome", "Jerky sustained pulse", "Double apex beat", "Third heart sound", "Fourth heart sound"], "Parents": ["Cardiomyopathy", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Treatments": ["Amiodarone", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Implantable defibrillator"], "Description": ["\"0.2% prevalence\n2 per 100", "000 incidence\n90% have family Hx\nSudden cardiac death is 3% per year\nRx amiodarone\""]}
,{"Name": "Osgood-Schlatter disease", "Synonyms": ["Patellar tendonitis", "Swelling of patellar tendon insertion"], "Effects": ["Knee pain"], "Parents": ["Enthesitis"], "Description": ["\"Mean age 12yrs\""]}
,{"Name": "Myelocyte", "Causes": ["Leukoerythroblastosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Sympathectomy", "Effects": ["Horner syndrome"], "Parents": ["Vascular surgery"], "Treats": ["Raynaud phenomenon"]}
,{"Name": "Dural venous sinus tear", "Effects": ["Subdural haematoma"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Herpetic sore", "Synonyms": ["Herpetic ulcer"], "Causes": ["Genital herpes"], "Parents": ["Genital sore"], "Description": ["\"Painful shallow erythematous ulcer\""]}
,{"Name": "HLA-A3", "Effects": ["Primary haemochromatosis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Chondroma", "Parents": ["Bone tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Haemophilus influenzae", "Synonyms": ["Hib", "Pfeiffer's bacillus"], "Effects": ["Epiglottitis", "Tonsillitis", "Bacterial pneumonia", "Bacterial meningitis", "Pericarditis", "Cellulitis", "Septic arthritis", "Acute otitis media", "Positive Quellung test", "Sinusitis"], "Parents": ["Haemophilus", "Capsulated organism"], "Treatments": ["Cefotaxime", "Quinolone", "Prophylactic immunisation", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"An opportunistic pathogen\nProduces beta-lactamases\n\nDiagnosis: Blood culture\n\nTREATMENT:\nOtitis - Dexamethasone  reduces rate of hearing loss \nMeningitis - Dexamethasone reduces neurological complications.\nEpiglottitis - Maintain patent airway via intubation or tracheostomy \""]}
,{"Name": "HLA-A1", "Effects": ["Coeliac disease", "Chronic active hepatitis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Chlordiazepoxide", "Synonyms": ["Librium"], "Parents": ["Benzodiazepine"]}
,{"Name": "Childhood seizure", "Causes": ["Febrile convulsion", "Epilepsy", "Meningitis", "Encephalitis", "Head injury", "Brain tumour"], "Parents": ["Acquired childhood disease"]}
,{"Name": "Orchidopexy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Danazol", "Effects": ["Benign intracranial hypertension", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug"], "Treats": ["Endometriosis", "Fibrocystic disease of the breast"], "Description": ["\"derivative of the synthetic steroid ethisterone.\nsuppresses the production of gonadotrophins and has some weak androgenic effects.\""]}
,{"Name": "Duodenal filling defect", "Causes": ["Carcinoma Head of Pancreas", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Lymphoma", "Pseudocyst"], "Parents": ["Barium sign"]}
,{"Name": "Erysipelas", "Causes": ["Cellulitis", "Group A streptococcus"], "Parents": ["Soft tissue infection", "Bacterial infections of skin"]}
,{"Name": "Combined folate and iron deficiency", "Effects": ["Dimorphic blood film"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Uterine inertia", "Effects": ["Dystocia", "Post-partum haemorrhage"], "Treatments": ["Vasopressin analogue"]}
,{"Name": "Terry's nail", "Causes": ["Old age", "Cirrhosis", "Heart failure"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"], "Description": ["\"Brownish red distal transverse band\""]}
,{"Name": "Coronary artery stent", "Parents": ["Cardiological procedure"]}
,{"Name": "Genital ulcer", "Causes": ["Granuloma inguinale", "Chancroid", "Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Behcet triad"], "Parents": ["Genital sore"]}
,{"Name": "Epididymal cyst", "Effects": ["Scrotal swelling"]}
,{"Name": "Low radioiodine uptake", "Causes": ["Post-partum thyroiditis"], "Parents": ["Nuclear radiology finding"]}
,{"Name": "Delusion of guilt", "Causes": ["Depression"], "Parents": ["Delusion"]}
,{"Name": "Thyroid dermopathy", "Causes": ["Graves disease"], "Effects": ["Pretibial myxoedema", "Vitiligo", "Thyroid acropachy"]}
,{"Name": "Cushing's triad", "Causes": ["Raised intracranial pressure"], "Effects": ["Cerebral vasodilatation", "Sinus bradycardia", "Increased vascular tone"]}
,{"Name": "Facial dysmorphism", "Causes": ["Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"]}
,{"Name": "Spirochaete infection", "Effects": ["Bacterial lymphocytic meningitis", "Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction"], "Parents": ["Infectious disease", "Gram negative bacillus", "Inflammatory disease"], "Children": ["Treponemal infection", "Borrelia infection", "Leptospira infection"]}
,{"Name": "Sulphur dioxide", "Synonyms": ["SO2"], "Effects": ["Inhaled irritant"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "H1-antagonist", "Synonyms": ["H1 antagonist", "Histamine-1 receptor antagonist"], "Effects": ["Altered sensation of taste"], "Parents": ["Antihistamine"], "Children": ["Diphenhydramine", "Chlorpheniramine", "Promethazine", "Terfenadine", "Cyproheptadine", "Orphenandrine", "Cyclizine", "Hydroxyzine", "Meclizine", "Cetirizine"]}
,{"Name": "Mobitz type II heart block", "Effects": ["Long PR interval"], "Parents": ["Second degree atrioventricular block"], "Treatments": ["Pacemaker"], "Description": ["\"Every other beat is missed\nDangerous\""]}
,{"Name": "Salmonella", "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Hamster", "Undercooked meat"], "Effects": ["Dysentery", "Bone necrosis", "Bacterial gastroenteritis"], "Parents": ["Enterobacteriaceae"], "Children": ["Salmonella typhi", "Salmonella paratyphi"]}
,{"Name": "Caseous necrosis", "Causes": ["Tuberculosis"], "Parents": ["Necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin D", "Parents": ["Metabolic drug"], "Treats": ["Hypoparathyroidism", "Osteoporosis", "Osteopetrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Trigeminal neuropathy", "Synonyms": ["Trigeminal nerve palsy", "Fifth nerve palsy", "V nerve palsy", "5th nerve palsy"], "Causes": ["Acoustic neuroma", "Cavernous sinus lesion"], "Effects": ["Absent corneal reflex", "Superficial keratitis"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy"], "Children": ["Spinal fifth nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Myoclonus", "Synonyms": ["Myoclonic jerk"], "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis", "Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy", "Myoclonic epilepsy", "Lafora body disease", "Unverricht-Lundborg disease", "Corticobasal degeneration", "Sialidosis"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Facial myoclonus", "Asterixis", "Propriospinal myoclonus", "Action myoclonus", "Reflex myoclonus", "Familial hyperekplexia"], "Description": ["\"50-100ms activity on EMG\""]}
,{"Name": "Chlorothiazide", "Effects": ["Photosensitivity"], "Parents": ["Thiazide"]}
,{"Name": "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Synonyms": ["Beta-blocker", "Beta blocker", "Beta-adrenoceptor blocker", "B-blocker"], "Effects": ["Bronchoconstriction", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Atrioventricular block", "Insomnia", "Psoriasis", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Lichen planus", "Malaise"], "Parents": ["Class II antiarrhythmic drug", "Antihypertensive drug", "Adrenoceptor drug"], "Children": ["Atenolol", "Propranolol", "Esmolol", "Sotalol", "Labetolol", "Practolol", "Bisoprolol", "Carvedilol", "Metoprolol"], "Treats": ["Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Atrial fibrillation", "Graves disease", "Chronic glaucoma", "Acute glaucoma"], "Description": ["\"25% reduction in all-cause mortality post-MI\""]}
,{"Name": "Hormonal manipulation", "Parents": ["Chemotherapy"], "Children": ["Tamoxifen", "Goserelin", "Leuprolein", "Flutamide", "Bicalutamide", "Aminoglutethimide"]}
,{"Name": "Distal renal tubule acidosis", "Synonyms": ["DRT acidosis", "DRTA", "Type I renal tubular acidosis", "Type 1 renal tubular acidosis"], "Causes": ["Decreased aldosterone", "K ion or H ion pump mutation", "Excess parathyroid hormone", "Bence Jones proteinuria", "Renal tubular damage"], "Effects": ["Decreased H ion excretion", "Nephrocalcinosis", "Hypokalaemia", "Calcium phosphate stone"], "Parents": ["Renal tubule acidosis"], "Description": ["\"Calculi / calcinosis occur in 70%\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "Synonyms": ["CJD", "Scrapie-like spongiform encephalopathy", "Jakob-Creuzfeldt disease", "Mad cow disease"], "Causes": ["Prion", "Corneal transplant", "Immunoglobulin", "Electrode implants", "Dural grafts", "Blood transfusion", "Beef"], "Effects": ["Myoclonus", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Reflex myoclonus", "Extrapyramidal sign", "Akinetic-mute syndrome", "Decreased visual acuity", "Oligoclonal bands in CSF", "EEG slowing", "Periodic sharp wave complex", "Protein S-100 in CSF", "Protein 14-3-3", "Neuron-specific enolase", "CSF tau protein", "Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Prion disease", "Dementia", "Zoonosis"], "Description": ["\"the disease is invariably fatal \nNo tretament available.\""]}
,{"Name": "Respiratory alkalosis", "Causes": ["Hyperventilation"], "Effects": ["Respiratory depression", "Apnoea", "Hypophosphataemia"], "Parents": ["Alkalosis"], "Treatments": ["Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Cyst", "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Thyroglossal cyst", "Teratoma", "Jaw cyst", "Ovarian cyst", "Renal cyst", "Hydatid cyst", "Bone cyst", "Baker's cyst", "Branchial cyst", "Epidermal cysts", "Lung cyst", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Pancreatic Cyst", "Acquired renal cystic disease", "Liver cyst", "Breast cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Natural disaster", "Effects": ["Post-traumatic stress disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Renal pathology", "Synonyms": ["Nephropathology", "Nephrological pathology", "Pathology of nephrology", "Kidney pathology"], "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Nephritis", "Nephrotic syndrome", "Renal tubular disease", "Renal artery stenosis", "Renal papillary necrosis", "Renal amyloidosis"]}
,{"Name": "S1 Q3 T3", "Causes": ["Major pulmonary embolus"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Description": ["\"S wave in lead I\nQ wave in lead III\nInverted T wave in lead III\""]}
,{"Name": "Older maternal age", "Synonyms": ["Old mother", "Maternal ageing"], "Effects": ["Fetal macrosomia", "Gestational diabetes", "Pre-eclampsia", "Placenta praevia"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Description": ["\"Neonatal death is higher in babies born to women under the age of 25", "and women over the age of 40\""]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary lactate acidosis", "Synonyms": ["Hereditary organic acidosis"], "Causes": ["Biotinidase deficiency", "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency", "Glycogen storage disorder type V", "Von Gierke disease", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Mitochondrial myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes", "Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor", "GRACILE syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hereditary organic acidosis"], "Parents": ["Lactate acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Liquorice", "Synonyms": ["Glycyrrhiza glabra"], "Effects": ["Hyperaldosteronism", "Hypokalaemia", "Metabolic alkalosis", "Low renin", "Low aldosterone"], "Parents": ["Food"], "Description": ["\"18-beta Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase\""]}
,{"Name": "Mental slowing", "Synonyms": ["Slowing of thought", "Cognitive slowing", "Bradyphrenia"], "Causes": ["HIV encephalitis", "Depression", "Progressive supranuclear palsy", "Topiramate", "Ethosuximide", "Mercury"], "Parents": ["Altered stream of thought", "Cognitive disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Diabetic amyotrophy", "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["Muscle wasting", "Amyotrophy"], "Description": ["\"Asymmetrical wasting of quadriceps\""]}
,{"Name": "Berylliosis", "Causes": ["Beryllium inhalation"], "Effects": ["Raised angiotensin converting enzyme", "Liver granuloma", "Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy", "Non-caseating granuloma"], "Parents": ["Pneumoconiosis"]}
,{"Name": "Velocardiofacial syndrome", "Synonyms": ["22q11.2 deletion syndrome"], "Effects": ["Cleft palate", "Feeding problems", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Thymic aplasia", "Persistent truncus arteriosus", "Tetralogy of Fallot", "Asymetrical crying face", "Hooded eyelid", "Squared ear"], "Parents": ["Craniofacial syndromes"], "Description": ["\"velum=palate\nAbnormal pharyngeal arch development .\n22q11.2 deletion.\""]}
,{"Name": "Larson syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Desbuquois syndrome"], "Effects": ["Joint hypermobility", "Cleft palate"]}
,{"Name": "Atrial fibrillation", "Synonyms": ["AF"], "Causes": ["Left atrial hypertrophy", "Hypertension", "Myocardial ischaemia", "Alcoholic heart disease", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Pulmonary embolus", "Atrial septal defect", "Bronchial carcinoma", "Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome", "Haemochromatosis", "Ebstein anomaly"], "Effects": ["Irregular pulse", "Palpitation", "Absent P wave", "Irregular QRS complex", "Left atrial thrombosis", "Right atrial thrombosis", "Absent JVP a-wave"], "Parents": ["Atrial tachycardia"], "Treatments": ["Digoxin", "Chemical cardioversion", "Electrical cardioversion", "Magnesium", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Warfarin"], "Description": ["\"The clinical sign suggesting atrial fibrillation include is an irregularly irregular pulse and absent JVP a-wave. It can present as palpitations", "chest discomfort", "shortness of breath or dizziness. ECG shows absent P wave and irregular QRS complexes. Atrial fibrillation can cause left atrial thrombosis", "stroke and TIA", "and arterial emboli can also cause bowel infarction and acute ischaemic limb.\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Tic-borne bacterial disease", "Parents": ["Tic-borne disease"], "Children": ["Lyme disease", "Tic-borne relapsing fever", "Typhus", "Tularemia", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Helvetica spotted fever", "Q-fever", "African tick bite fever", "Fievre boutonneuse", "Ehrlichiosis"]}
,{"Name": "Keratomycosis", "Synonyms": ["Fungal keratitis"], "Causes": ["Aspergillus flavus", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Fusarium"], "Effects": ["Interstitial keratitis"]}
,{"Name": "Solvents", "Effects": ["Irritant contact dermatitis", "Ototoxicity", "Toxic encephalopathy"], "Description": ["\"turpentine\nacetone\nxylene\""]}
,{"Name": "Extradural haemorrhage", "Causes": ["Middle meningeal artery rupture", "Blow to side of head", "Skull fracture"], "Effects": ["Acute headache", "Fluctuating conscious level", "Clot limited by suture line", "Convex-shaped intracranial bleed", "Subperiosteal clot"], "Parents": ["Intracranial bleed"], "Treatments": ["Crainiotomy"], "Description": ["\"Incidence - 2% of head injuries\n\nLoaction:\n95%  supratentorial\n -temporoparietal -60%\n -frontal - 20%\n -parieto-occipital - 20%\n\nYounger ages - dura not adherent to skull\""]}
,{"Name": "Target cells", "Causes": ["Thalassaemia", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Iron deficiency anaemia", "Hyposplenism", "Cholestasis", "Liver failure"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\"HB accumulates in centre of cells\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Loud noise", "Effects": ["Sensorineural deafness"], "Description": ["\"Prolonged exposure to loud noises  >90 dB.\nNormal hearing range is from 20 Hz to 20", "000 Hz.\nOverstimulation of the hair cells leads to oxidative cell death. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Omalizumab", "Parents": ["Monoclonal antibody"], "Treats": ["Asthma"], "Description": ["\"inhibits human immunoglobulin E (IgE).\""]}
,{"Name": "Blood gas investigation", "Synonyms": ["Blood gases"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Children": ["Hypocapnia", "Hypercapnia", "Hypoxaemia", "Negative anion gap", "Negative base excess", "Positive base excess", "Methaemoglobinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Tunnel vision", "Causes": ["Hysteria", "Papilloedema", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Choroiditis", "Chronic glaucoma", "Optic atrophy", "Minamata disease", "Panic attack"], "Parents": ["Visual field loss"]}
,{"Name": "Impetigo", "Synonyms": ["Impetiginous skin", "school sores"], "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus", "Scabies"], "Effects": ["Pustular rash", "Ecthyma"], "Parents": ["Soft tissue infection", "Bacterial infections of skin", "Contagious disease", "Childhood infections"], "Description": ["\"highly contagious bacterial skin infection.\nname derives from the Latin 'impetere' \"assail\". \""]}
,{"Name": "Nicotinic acid", "Synonyms": ["Niacin"], "Effects": ["Gilbert syndrome"], "Parents": ["Lipid-lowering drug"], "Treats": ["Hypercholesterolaemia", "Hypertriglyceridaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Mees line", "Synonyms": ["Leuconychia striata", "Aldrich -Mees line"], "Causes": ["Arsenic"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"], "Description": ["\"White transverse line\""]}
,{"Name": "Cooked meat", "Effects": ["Food poisoning", "Clostridium botulinum", "Clostridium perfringens", "Bacillus cereus"], "Parents": ["Food"], "Description": ["\"Caused by a enterotoxins ( exotoxin targeting the intestines). \nEnterotoxins can produce illness even when the microbes that produced them have been killed.\nClostridium botulinum grows in improperly canned and produces botulin", "a paralytic toxin.\""]}
,{"Name": "Buproprion", "Effects": ["Decreased seizure threshold"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Treats": ["Cigarette smoking"]}
,{"Name": "Wasting of intrinsic hand muscles", "Causes": ["Brachial plexus lesion", "Ulnar nerve palsy", "Cervical radiculopathy"], "Parents": ["Muscle wasting"]}
,{"Name": "Proteinuria", "Causes": ["Nephrotic syndrome", "Pre-eclampsia", "Renal tubular damage", "Acute nephritic syndrome", "Hyperalbuminaemia", "Captopril", "Exercise", "Fever", "Lowe syndrome", "Alport syndrome", "Dent syndrome", "Fanconi triad"], "Effects": ["Frothy urine"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"], "Children": ["Non-selective proteinuria"]}
,{"Name": "HIV encephalitis", "Synonyms": ["HIV-1 meningoencephalitis", "AIDS-related dementia", "AIDS-related cognitive-motor complex"], "Causes": ["Human immunodeficiency virus", "HIV seroconversion illness"], "Effects": ["Mental slowing", "Anterograde amnesia", "Infectious encephalitis", "Emotional lability"]}
,{"Name": "Tamsulosin", "Synonyms": ["Flomax"], "Parents": ["Alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Non-depolarising blocker", "Effects": ["Apnoea", "Flaccid paralysis"], "Parents": ["Neuromuscular drug"], "Children": ["Atracurium", "D-tubocurarine"]}
,{"Name": "Neurotic disorder", "Synonyms": ["Neurosis"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric disease"], "Children": ["Anxiety disorder", "Eating disorder", "Sleep disorder", "Personality disorder", "Dissociative disorder"], "Description": ["\"Functional mental disorder involving distress \nNo delusions or hallucinations", "Behavior not outside socially acceptable norms.\""]}
,{"Name": "Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Hereditary orotic aciduria"], "Causes": ["UMPS gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Raised plasma orotic acid", "Orotic acid stone", "Megaloblastic anaemia", "Congenital strabismus", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency", "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Codes enzyme that catalyzes pyrimidine pathway.\nOMP decarboxylase converts orotidine-5'-monophosphate to uridine monophosphate. \nDefects in this gene cause orotic aciduria.\nMegaloblastic anemia which cannot be cured by administration of vitamin B12 or folic acid.\""]}
,{"Name": "Olfactory hallucination", "Parents": ["Hallucination"]}
,{"Name": "Respiratory acidosis", "Causes": ["Hypoventilatory respiratory failure"], "Effects": ["High bicarbonate", "Positive base excess", "Hypercapnia"], "Parents": ["Acidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Low oestrogen", "Synonyms": ["Decreased oestrogen"], "Causes": ["Primary ovarian failure", "Aminoglutethimide"], "Parents": ["Hypogonadism", "Sex hormone imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "Synonyms": ["DMD"], "Causes": ["DMD gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Frequent falls", "Scoliosis", "Lumbar lordosis", "Equinus foot deformity", "Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscle", "Familial dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 30 per 100", "000 males\n30% are spontaneous mutations\nFemale carriers have high CK\nLoss of ability to walk by age 12.\""]}
,{"Name": "ASAHG1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Farber disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 8p22\""]}
,{"Name": "Betamethasone", "Parents": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Treats": ["Discoid lupus erythematosus"]}
,{"Name": "Pulsus paradoxux", "Causes": ["Cardiac tamponade", "Chronic constrictive pericarditis", "Status asthmaticus"], "Description": ["\"Systolic blood pressure falls >10mmHg \non inspiration\""]}
,{"Name": "Arm pain", "Causes": ["Brachial plexus lesion", "Thoracic outlet obstruction", "Myocardial infarction", "Phantom limb pain"]}
,{"Name": "Familial hyperalphalipoproteinaemia", "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Progressive supranuclear palsy", "Synonyms": ["PSP", "Richardson-Steele-Olzewski disease", "Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome", "SRO syndrome", "RSO syndrome"], "Causes": ["Tau protein mutation"], "Effects": ["Parkinsonism", "Axial rigidity", "Impaired vertical saccades", "Impaired optokinetic nystagmus", "Impaired smooth pursuit", "Dysarthria", "Dysphagia", "Mental slowing", "Echolalia", "Palilalia", "Applause sign", "Backward falls", "Frontal release", "Gait apraxia"], "Parents": ["Neurodegenerative disorder", "Tauopathy"], "Description": ["\"Prevalence 1.4 per 100", "000\nOnset at 60 years\nMean survival 6 years\nPoor response to levodopa\""]}
,{"Name": "Disulfiram", "Synonyms": ["Antabuse"], "Parents": ["P450 enzyme inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Alcoholism"]}
,{"Name": "VWF gene mutation", "Effects": ["Von Willebrand disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 12p13.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Long bone fracture", "Synonyms": ["Limb fracture", "Broken leg", "Leg fracture"], "Causes": ["Fall in elderly"], "Effects": ["Acute blood loss", "Compartment syndrome", "Fat embolus", "Nerve injury", "Vascular injury", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Parents": ["Fracture"], "Children": ["Fracture shaft of femur", "Fracture shaft of humerus", "Supracondylar fracture humerus"]}
,{"Name": "Raised prostate specific antigen", "Synonyms": ["Raised PSA"], "Causes": ["Prostate cancer", "Benign prostatic hypertrophy", "Bladder outflow obstruction"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy", "Synonyms": ["X-ALD"], "Effects": ["Raised very long chain fatty acid", "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Myelopathy", "Emotional lability", "Psychosis", "Demyelination of peripheral nerve"], "Parents": ["Leukodystrophy", "Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Adrenomyeloneuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Malignant pleural effusion", "Causes": ["Lung malignancy", "Mesothelioma", "Lymphoma"], "Effects": ["Bloody pleural effusion", "Exudate pleural effusion"], "Parents": ["Pleural effusion"], "Treatments": ["Bleomycin"]}
,{"Name": "Lentigo maligna", "Synonyms": ["Melanoma in-situ"], "Parents": ["Malignant melanoma"], "Description": ["\"mealnoma-in-situ\nNo sign of invasion\""]}
,{"Name": "Giemsa stain positive", "Synonyms": ["Giemsa's staining"], "Causes": ["Lyme disease", "Malaria", "Trypanosoma brucei", "Trypanosoma cruzi", "Chlamydial infection"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Riluzole", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Treats": ["Motor neurone disease"]}
,{"Name": "Endometrial polyp", "Effects": ["Menorrhagia"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological pathology", "Polyp"]}
,{"Name": "Renal capillary sclerosis", "Causes": ["Analgesic nephropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Horseshoe kidney", "Causes": ["Russell-Silver syndrome", "Turner syndrome", "Edward's syndrome", "Patau syndrome", "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome", "Fanconi anaemia"], "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Blue Naevus", "Parents": ["Benign melanoma"], "Description": ["\"blue in color as its melanocytes are very deep in the skin. \n   - Can be mistaken for melanoma\""]}
,{"Name": "Demyelination of peripheral nerve", "Synonyms": ["Demyelination in PNS", "Demyelinating neuropathy", "Peripheral demyelination"], "Causes": ["Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy", "Diphtheric neuropathy", "Multifocal motor neuropathy", "Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I", "Krabbe disease", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance", "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia", "Myeloma", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy"], "Effects": ["Slowed conduction velocity", "Peripheral neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Demyelination"]}
,{"Name": "Neurological tumour", "Synonyms": ["Neurological malignancy"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"], "Children": ["Meningioma", "Astrocytoma", "Glioblastoma multiforme", "Ependymoma", "Medulloblastoma", "Oligodendroglioma", "Acoustic neuroma", "Neuroma", "Plexiform neuroma", "Neuroblastoma"]}
,{"Name": "Raised cholecystokinin", "Synonyms": ["High CCK"], "Effects": ["Delayed gastric emptying", "Satiety", "Biliary colic"], "Description": ["\"Released from mucosal endocrine cells of small intestine\""]}
,{"Name": "Shortened fourth metacarpal", "Synonyms": ["Short fourth metacarpal", "Short 4th metacarpal", "Short 4th digit", "Fourth finger clinodactyly", "4th finger clinodactyly"], "Causes": ["Turner syndrome", "Noonan syndrome", "Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism", "Albright's osteodystrophy"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Upper limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Amniotic fluid embolism", "Synonyms": ["Amniotic fluid embolus"], "Causes": ["Normal vaginal delivery"], "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Arterial embolus", "Maternal Risk"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary embolus"]}
,{"Name": "Loud A2", "Causes": ["Hypertension"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Old age", "Synonyms": ["Elderly", "Ageing"], "Effects": ["Osteoporosis", "Spondylosis", "Macular degeneration", "Chronic glaucoma", "Acquired cataract", "Atrophic skin", "Dentures", "Fragile blood vessel", "Angiokeratoma", "Acne rosacea", "Abdominal aortic aneurysm", "Carotid sinus hypersensitivity", "Prostate cancer", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Ischaemic colitis", "Hashimoto thyroiditis", "Inadequate iron intake", "Low testosterone", "Cholelithiasis", "Benign nephroscelrosis", "Terry's nail", "Gallavardin phenomenon", "Constricted pupil", "Seborrhoeic keratosis", "Mitral stenosis", "Ecthyma", "Sick sinus syndrome", "Mesothelioma", "Pharyngeal pouch", "Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Ectropion", "Entropion", "Varicose veins of leg", "Atherosclerosis", "White hair"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Loefgren syndrome", "Synonyms": ["L\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdfgren syndrome", "Lofgren syndrome"], "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis"], "Effects": ["Erythema nodosum", "Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy", "Polyarthralgia"]}
,{"Name": "Otorrhoea", "Causes": ["Acute otitis media", "Chronic suppurative otitis media"], "Parents": ["Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "PEX7 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Refsum disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 6q23.3\nshortage of phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase prevents peroxisomes from breaking down phytanic acid.\""]}
,{"Name": "Granular casts", "Causes": ["Pyelonephritis", "Lead poisoning"], "Parents": ["Urinary casts"]}
,{"Name": "Type IV hyperlipidaemia", "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia"], "Children": ["Familial hypertriglyceridaemia", "Lipoprotein lipase deficiency", "Apolipoprotein C2"]}
,{"Name": "Oculomotor apraxia", "Synonyms": ["Inability to look toward visual targets"], "Causes": ["Balint syndrome"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Plasmodium vivax", "Effects": ["Decreased platelet survival"], "Parents": ["Malaria"]}
,{"Name": "Bicornuate uterus", "Effects": ["Recurrent miscarriage", "Placenta praevia"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological disease", "Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Desipramine", "Parents": ["Tricyclic antidepressant"]}
,{"Name": "Scrotal swelling", "Causes": ["Testicular swelling", "Hydrocoele", "Epididymal cyst", "Varicocele", "Inguinal hernia"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom", "Lump", "Genital examination sign"], "Children": ["Scrotal oedema"]}
,{"Name": "Herniation of uncus", "Synonyms": ["Subtentorial herniation of uncus"], "Causes": ["Raised intracranial pressure"], "Effects": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Abducent nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Brain herniation"]}
,{"Name": "Infancy", "Effects": ["Decreased folic acid intake", "Increased folate requirement", "Inadequate iron intake", "Increased iron requirement"]}
,{"Name": "Enterobacteriaceae", "Effects": ["Endotoxin"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus"], "Children": ["Escherichia coli", "Proteus mirabilis", "Salmonella", "Shigella", "Klebsiella", "Yersinia pestis", "Enterobacter cloacae", "Morganella morganii", "Serratia marascens"]}
,{"Name": "Syndrome of Schmidt", "Effects": ["Vagus palsy", "Cranial accessory nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Sarcoma", "Synonyms": ["Mesenchymal cancer", "Malignancy of mesenchymal cells"], "Causes": ["Li-Fraumeni syndrome"], "Effects": ["Lung metastasis"], "Parents": ["Malignancy", "Mesenchymal tumour"], "Children": ["Osteosarcoma"], "Treatments": ["Ifosfamide"], "Description": ["\"<html>\n  <head>\n    \n  </head>\n  <body>\n  </body>\n</html>\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Necrotising fasciitis", "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Group A streptococcus", "Group D streptococcus", "Escherichia coli", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Bacteroides", "Clostridium perfringens"], "Parents": ["Soft tissue infection", "Ten serious rashes", "Opportunistic infection"], "Treatments": ["Hyperbaric oxygen therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Thorotrast", "Effects": ["Cholangiocarcinoma"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Zenker diverticulum", "Synonyms": ["pharyngeal pouch"], "Causes": ["Cricopharyngeus spasm"], "Effects": ["Dysphagia", "Regurgitation", "Halitosis", "Neck swelling"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology"], "Description": ["\"Tretament:\nEndoscopic stapling\""]}
,{"Name": "Thought broadcasting", "Parents": ["Altered thought posession", "Schneider first rank criterion"]}
,{"Name": "Platelet dysfunction", "Synonyms": ["Thrombocyte dysfunction"], "Causes": ["Congenital platelet dysfunction", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Uraemia", "Essential thrombocythaemia"], "Effects": ["Bleeding disorder", "Hess test positive"]}
,{"Name": "Scrotal fixation of testes", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Testicular torsion"]}
,{"Name": "Rickettsiosis", "Causes": ["Rickettsia"], "Effects": ["Microvasculitis", "Monocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Stiffness following exercise", "Causes": ["Glycogen storage disorder type V"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Craniopharyngioma", "Synonyms": ["Rathke's pouch tumour", "Adamantinoma"], "Effects": ["Panhypopituitarism", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Bitemporal hemianopia", "Precocious puberty"], "Treatments": ["Brain surgery", "Radiotherapy", "Bleomycin"], "Description": ["\"arises from pitutiary gland embryonic tissue\nBenign\nslow growing\nSuprasellar location\nChildren\""]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal mass", "Causes": ["Renal cell carcinoma", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Ileocaecal carcinoma", "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Wilm's tumour", "Pseudocyst", "Hepatoblastoma", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Liver metastasis"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Barrel chest", "Causes": ["Hyperinflation"]}
,{"Name": "Hypertension", "Synonyms": ["Systemic hypertension", "High blood pressure", "High BP", "HT"], "Causes": ["Essential hypertension", "Fluid overload", "High cardiac output state", "Increased vascular tone", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Acromegaly", "Adult polycystic kidney disease", "Paroxysmal Hypertension", "Pregnancy", "Coarctation of the aorta", "Alcohol", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Hypothyroidism", "IgA nephropathy", "Cyclosporin", "Hyperaldosteronism", "Obesity", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Corticosteroid", "Pre-eclampsia"], "Effects": ["Clouding of vision", "Hypertensive retinopathy", "Left ventricular failure", "Heaving apex", "Aortic regurgitation", "Left bundle branch block", "Atrial fibrillation", "Loud A2", "Myocardial ischaemia", "Renal failure", "Aortic aneurysm", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Retinal vein occlusion", "Atherosclerosis", "Renal arteriosclerosis", "White matter vascular disease", "Vascular dementia", "Left atrial hypertrophy", "Chronic renal failure", "Pre-eclampsia", "Abruptio placentae", "Uterine fibroid", "Epistaxis", "Subconjunctival haemorrhage", "Chronic headache"], "Parents": ["Blood pressure sign"], "Children": ["Malignant hypertension"], "Treatments": ["Weight loss"]}
,{"Name": "Maternal hyperthermia", "Effects": ["Neural tube defect", "Branchial arch malformation"], "Parents": ["Hyperthermia", "Fever"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired metabolic disease", "Parents": ["Metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Hypothyroidism", "Hyperparathyroidism", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Addison disease", "Conn syndrome", "Diabetes mellitus", "High plasma urate", "Iron overload", "Folic acid deficiency", "Vitamin deficiency", "Selenium deficiency", "Diuretic excess", "Renal failure", "Liver failure", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia", "Acquired lactate acidosis", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Acidosis", "Alkalosis"]}
,{"Name": "Below knee sensory loss", "Synonyms": ["Stocking sensory loss"], "Causes": ["Sciatic nerve palsy", "Glove and stocking sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Bowel obstruction", "Causes": ["Adhesion", "Bowel hernia", "Bowel stricture", "Intussusception", "Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Pyloric stenosis"], "Effects": ["Constipation", "Abdominal colic", "Tinkling bowel sounds", "Gut electrolyte loss"], "Parents": ["Obstruction", "Gastrointestinal disease"], "Children": ["Small bowel obstruction"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid"]}
,{"Name": "Volatile solvents", "Effects": ["Psychoactive substance use"]}
,{"Name": "Air embolus", "Synonyms": ["Air embolism"], "Causes": ["Central line", "Intravenous fluid"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary embolus"]}
,{"Name": "Williams syndrome", "Synonyms": ["William syndrome", "Williams-Beuren syndrome"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation", "Elfin facies", "Short stature", "Hypercalcaemia", "Congenital pulmonary stenosis", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Shortened fifth metacarpal", "Pectus excavatum", "Joint hypermobility", "Prominent epicanthic folds", "Diastema"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"1 in 8000 incidence\nElastin mutation\nChromosome 7q\nUsually sporadic\""]}
,{"Name": "Spinal muscular atrophy", "Synonyms": ["SMA", "SMN gene mutation", "Spinal motor neuron gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Lower motor neurone lesion", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Paraplegia"], "Parents": ["Anterior horn cell disease", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Children": ["Spinal muscular atrophy type 1", "Spinal muscular atrophy type 2", "Kennedy disease"], "Description": ["\"progressive muscle wasting due to motor neuron degeneration\nsparing of facial muscles\""]}
,{"Name": "Systolic thrill", "Causes": ["Ejection systolic murmur", "Pansystolic murmur", "Patent ductus arteriosus"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign"]}
,{"Name": "Myenteric ganglionitis", "Causes": ["Trypanosoma cruzi"]}
,{"Name": "Elemental diet", "Synonyms": ["Defined formula diet"], "Parents": ["Diet"], "Treats": ["Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Crohn's disease"], "Description": ["\"Contains absorbable", "broken-down constitutents: amino acids and sugar\""]}
,{"Name": "Pyelolithotomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Renal calculi"]}
,{"Name": "Tumour necrosis factor beta", "Synonyms": ["TNFb", "TNF-beta"], "Effects": ["Phagocyte activation"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Dental pathology", "Children": ["Sharp teeth"]}
,{"Name": "Strawberry tongue", "Causes": ["Scarlet fever", "Toxic shock syndrome", "Kawasaki disease"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Microcytic anaemia", "Effects": ["Microcytosis"], "Parents": ["Anaemia"], "Children": ["Sideroblastic anaemia", "Iron deficiency anaemia", "Anaemia of chronic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Angiodysplasia of colon", "Synonyms": ["Colonic angiodysplasia"], "Causes": ["Heyde syndrome"], "Effects": ["Lower gastrointestinal bleed"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal pathology", "Lower gastrointestinal pathology", "Gastrointestinal malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Clonidine", "Effects": ["Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist"], "Treats": ["Increased muscle tone", "Autonomic dysreflexia"]}
,{"Name": "Adrenal crisis", "Effects": ["Delirium"], "Parents": ["Adrenocortical insufficiency"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Hydrocortisone"]}
,{"Name": "Grasp reflex", "Parents": ["Primitive reflex"]}
,{"Name": "Prostaglandin E1", "Synonyms": ["Caverject"], "Parents": ["Urological drug"], "Treats": ["Impotence"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchophony", "Causes": ["Consolidation"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"], "Description": ["\"Bronchophony literaly means \"bronchus sound\"\n\nWhile auscultating remote from the bronchi and larynx", "the examiner can hear the speaking patient's laryngeal /bronchial sounds", "while not being able to distinguish the words.\n\nThe choice of \"ninety-nine\" is the unfortunate result of a literal translation. \nThe test was originally described by a German physician who used the phrase \"neun und neunzig\"", "which he found would cause maximum vibration of the chest. \nThe translation", "\"ninety-nine\"", "has fewer vowels and is less effective in evoking the phenomenon. \nBetter phrases in English include \"\"Scooby Doo\"", "and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdblue balloons\".\""]}
,{"Name": "Indian origin", "Effects": ["Pemphigus vulgaris", "Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Ethnic origin"]}
,{"Name": "Urethral injury", "Causes": ["Pelvic fracture"], "Effects": ["Bladder outflow obstruction", "Acute urinary retention", "Urethral stricture", "Haematuria", "Bleeding per urethrum"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"]}
,{"Name": "mTOR inhibitor", "Parents": ["Growth factor inhibitor"], "Description": ["\"Everolimus/Afinitor (Novartis)\""]}
,{"Name": "Colonic stricture", "Causes": ["Ulcerative colitis", "Diverticular disease", "Ischaemic colitis"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology", "Bowel stricture"]}
,{"Name": "GLA gene mutation", "Effects": ["Fabry disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq22\""]}
,{"Name": "Anti-gliadin antibody", "Effects": ["Coeliac disease"], "Parents": ["Antibody", "IgA antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Thoracic malformations", "Parents": ["Congenital malformation"], "Children": ["Congenital heart malformation", "Coarctation of the aorta", "Pulmonary hypoplasia", "Tracheo-oesophageal fistula", "Diaphragmatic hernia", "Mediastinal teratoma"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic subdural haematoma", "Parents": ["Subdural haematoma"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital skeletal dysplasia", "Synonyms": ["Osteodysplasia", "Osteodystrophy", "Bony malformation", "Bone malformation", "Skeletal dystrophy", "Skeletal malformation"], "Causes": ["Thalidomide", "Sialidosis", "Aspartylglucosaminuria", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX", "Mucopolysaccharidosis", "Paget disease", "Neurofibromatosis"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology", "Congenital disease"], "Children": ["Achondroplasia", "Dyschondroplasia", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Albright's osteodystrophy", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia", "Cranio-cleido dysostosis", "Dysostosis multiplex", "Chondrodysplasia punctata"]}
,{"Name": "Throat pain", "Causes": ["Laryngitis"]}
,{"Name": "Insects", "Effects": ["Specific phobia"]}
,{"Name": "Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type B", "Synonyms": ["WPW-B"], "Effects": ["Paradoxical splitting of second heart sound"], "Parents": ["Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Atropine", "Parents": ["Vasodilator", "Antimuscarinic drug"], "Treats": ["Iridocyclitis", "Synechia"]}
,{"Name": "Noradrenaline", "Synonyms": ["Beta-hydroxydopamine", "Norepinephrine"], "Parents": ["Catecholamine", "Alpha adrenoceptor agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Apolipoprotein E4", "Synonyms": ["Apoprotein E4", "Apo E4"], "Effects": ["Alzheimer disease"], "Parents": ["Apolipoprotein allele"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 19\""]}
,{"Name": "Absence of exoerythrocytic schizogony", "Causes": ["Plasmodium falciparum"]}
,{"Name": "Coeliac disease", "Synonyms": ["Coeliac sprue", "Gluten enteropathy", "Gluten-sensitive enteropathy", "Gluten sensitivity", "Prolamin intolerance", "Non-Tropical sprue"], "Causes": ["HLA-DQW2", "HLA-B8", "HLA-DR3", "HLA-DR7", "HLA-A1", "Anti-endomysial antibody", "Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody", "Anti-gliadin antibody", "Anti-reticulin antibody", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Type III polyglandular syndrome", "Selective IgA deficiency", "Down syndrome", "Scandinavian descent"], "Effects": ["Bloating", "Diarrhoea", "Lactose intolerance", "Subtotal villous atrophy", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Aphthous ulcer", "Oral ulcer", "Dental enamel defect", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Hyposplenism", "Lymphocytic infiltrate", "IgA nephropathy", "Gastrointestinal lymphoma", "Azoospermia", "Flocculation of barium", "Malabsorption state", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Metabolic epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Sprue", "Autoimmune bowel disease"], "Treatments": ["Gluten-free diet"], "Description": ["\"DQ2 positive in 90% cases (and 30% of normals)\nPrevalence in 2% in those with Type I DM\n21% of new cases are over 60\n\nEtymology: Greek 'koiliakos'", "= \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdbelly\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd\n\nDiagnosis:\nantitissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA)\nEndoscopic jejunal biopsy - Villous atrophy\n\nTreatment:\nNo cure\nGluten free diet for control\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Tolosa-Hunt syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Idiopathic cavernous sinus inflammation"], "Effects": ["Cavernous sinus lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Apolipoprotein E2", "Synonyms": ["Apoprotein E2"], "Effects": ["Dysbetalipopriteinaemia"], "Parents": ["Apolipoprotein allele"]}
,{"Name": "Vertebral compression fracture", "Causes": ["Osteomalacia"]}
,{"Name": "Inflammatory disease", "Effects": ["Fever", "Malaise", "Acute phase reaction", "Raised ESR", "Thrombocytosis", "Inflammatory cytokine", "Constitutional symptom"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Inflammatory bowel disease", "Sterile inflammation", "Myocarditis", "Meningitis", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Cogan syndrome", "Bacterial infection", "Viral infection", "Spirochaete infection", "Chronic infection", "Parasitic infection", "Opportunistic infection", "Local infection"]}
,{"Name": "Sertraline", "Synonyms": ["Seroxat"], "Parents": ["Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "ABCA1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Tangier disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus  9q31.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Thrombocytopenia", "Synonyms": ["Thrombocytopenia", "Low platelets"], "Causes": ["Decreased platelet production", "Decreased platelet survival", "Platelet sequestration", "Dilutional effect", "Intravascular thrombus formation", "Pancytopaenia", "Abnormal sialophorin", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Pre-eclampsia", "HELLP syndrome", "TAR syndrome", "Griscelli syndrome", "Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura"], "Effects": ["Bleeding disorder", "Hess test positive", "Purpura"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\" \""]}
,{"Name": "Influenza virus", "Synonyms": ["Orthomyxovirus"], "Effects": ["Bilateral parotid swelling", "Upper respiratory tract infection"], "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus", "Contagious disease", "Childhood infections"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Harrison's sulcus", "Causes": ["Chronic airway obstruction"], "Description": ["\"Groove deformity of lower ribs at diaphragmatic insertion\""]}
,{"Name": "High liver dehydrogenase", "Synonyms": ["High LDH"], "Causes": ["Cerebrovascular accident", "Aspirin", "Propofol", "Procainamide", "Alcohol", "Megaloblastic anaemia", "Epstein Barr virus", "Pulmonary embolus", "Bowel infarction", "Nephritis", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy", "Pancreatitis", "Lymphoma", "Extravascular haemolysis", "Intravascular haemolysis"], "Parents": ["Elevated liver enzymes"], "Description": ["\"LDH is found in brain", "kidney", "liver", "heart", "muscle", "red cells and lung\""]}
,{"Name": "Alkalosis", "Effects": ["Tetany", "Potassium redistribution"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Children": ["Metabolic alkalosis", "Respiratory alkalosis"]}
,{"Name": "Donepezil", "Synonyms": ["Aricept"], "Parents": ["Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Alzheimer disease"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-inflammatory drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Corticosteroid", "Antihistamine"]}
,{"Name": "Apomorphine", "Parents": ["Opiate"], "Treats": ["Parkinsonism"]}
,{"Name": "Non-specific interstitial pneumonia", "Synonyms": ["Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia", "NSIP"], "Parents": ["Interstitial pneumonitis"], "Description": ["\"Mean survival 14 years\""]}
,{"Name": "Faeces sign", "Synonyms": ["Stool sign"], "Parents": ["Sign"], "Children": ["Diarrhoea", "Blood in faeces", "Mucus in stool", "Redcurrant jelly stool", "Pus in faeces", "Steatorrhoea", "Low stool trypsin"]}
,{"Name": "Inspiratory whoop", "Causes": ["Pertussis"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Neuromuscular drug", "Effects": ["Neuromuscular blockade"], "Parents": ["Peripheral nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Non-depolarising blocker", "Depolarising blocker"]}
,{"Name": "Severe illness", "Synonyms": ["Severe chronic disease"], "Effects": ["Beau's lines", "Sick cell syndrome", "Impaired deiodination of T4", "Emotional stress", "Anaemia of chronic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Squamous cell tumour", "Effects": ["PTH-related protein secretion"], "Parents": ["Tumour"], "Children": ["Squamous cell carcinoma of lung", "Squamous cell skin cancer", "Squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx"], "Treatments": ["Bleomycin", "Cetuximab"]}
,{"Name": "Flavivirus", "Effects": ["West Nile fever"], "Parents": ["Togavirus"], "Children": ["Arbovirus", "Hepatitis C", "Japanese encephalitis", "Tic-borne encephalitis"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperpigmented maculae on lips", "Synonyms": ["Oral spots"], "Causes": ["Peutz-Jegher syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign", "Hyperpigmentation"]}
,{"Name": "Optical Urethrotomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Entity6147", "Urethral stricture"]}
,{"Name": "Right atrial thrombosis", "Causes": ["Atrial fibrillation"]}
,{"Name": "Takayasu arteritis", "Synonyms": ["Aortic arch syndrome"], "Effects": ["Fatigue", "Slow flow retinopathy", "Chronic headache", "Absent radial pulse", "Continuous murmur", "Aortic regurgitation", "Ascending aortic aneurysm", "Optic neuropathy", "Non-caseating granuloma", "Acquired cataract"], "Parents": ["Primary vasculitis"], "Description": ["\"Female 20-40\""]}
,{"Name": "Leukoplakia", "Effects": ["Squamous cell skin cancer", "Malignant transformation"], "Parents": ["Disorder of keratinsation"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal detachment", "Causes": ["Stickler syndrome"], "Effects": ["Seeing lights", "Visual distortion"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Children": ["Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment", "Tractional retinal detachment", "Exudative retinal detachment"]}
,{"Name": "Oculomasticatory myoarrhythmia", "Causes": ["Whipple's disease"], "Parents": ["Extrapyramidal sign", "Orofacial dyskinesia"]}
,{"Name": "Vincent angina", "Synonyms": ["Vincent's angina", "Necrotising gingivitis", "Trench mouth"], "Causes": ["Borrelia vincenti", "Bacteroides", "Dental abscess", "Borrelia infection"], "Effects": ["Gingivitis", "Periodontitis", "Oral ulcer", "Pharyngitis"], "Description": ["\"The term trench mouth evolved because the disease was observed in front line soldiers during World War I", "thought to be a result at least partly because of extreme psychologic stress\""]}
,{"Name": "Keratosis pilaris", "Parents": ["Disorder of keratinsation"], "Description": ["\"Affects 50% of adoloscents.\nDue to follicular plugs of keratin .\""]}
,{"Name": "Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum", "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination", "Endocrine skin disorder"], "Description": ["\"Waxy yellow vascular translucent ulceration\n3:1 Female preponderance\""]}
,{"Name": "Beef", "Effects": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"]}
,{"Name": "Nitrates", "Effects": ["Acquired methaemoglobinemia", "Bezold Jarisch reflex"], "Parents": ["Vasodilator"], "Children": ["Glyceryl trinitrate", "Isosorbide mononitrate", "Nitroprusside"]}
,{"Name": "Fortification spectra", "Synonyms": ["Zig-zag lines in vision", "Castellation"], "Causes": ["Migraine"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Heterochromia of iris", "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome"], "Parents": ["Iris sign"]}
,{"Name": "White matter vascular disease", "Synonyms": ["Leukoareosis", "Leucoareosis", "White matter small vessel disease", "SVD", "Cerebral white matter disease"], "Causes": ["Vascular dementia", "Hypertension"], "Parents": ["Cerebrovascular disease"]}
,{"Name": "H63D allele in the HFE gene", "Effects": ["Primary haemochromatosis"]}
,{"Name": "Plantar fascitis", "Effects": ["Foot pain"]}
,{"Name": "Sharp teeth", "Effects": ["Oral trauma"], "Parents": ["Dental pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Raised  haptoglobin", "Causes": ["Elevated serum acute phase proteins"]}
,{"Name": "Pesticide", "Effects": ["Cholangiocarcinoma"], "Parents": ["Chemical"]}
,{"Name": "Apolipoprotein C2", "Synonyms": ["Apoprotein CII", "Apolipoprotein CII"], "Effects": ["Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia"], "Parents": ["Apolipoprotein allele", "Type IV hyperlipidaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Synonyms": ["Stomach cancer", "Gastric carcinoma", "Adenocarcinoma of stomach", "Ca stomach"], "Causes": ["Asian origin", "Japanese", "Scandinavian descent", "Blood Group A", "Old age", "Pernicious anaemia", "Male gender", "Menetrier disease", "Chronic gastritis", "Helicobacter pylori", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Anorexia", "Weight loss", "Gastric ulcer", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Abdominal mass", "Troisier's sign", "Peritoneal metastasis", "Krukenberg tumour", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Neoplastic coagulation factors", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Dermatomyositis", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Cancers with polygenic inheritance"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Upper gastrointestinal pathology"], "Treatments": ["Polya gastrectomy", "Chemotheraputic drug", "5-fluorouracil"], "Description": ["\"STAGING\r\nT1  Submucosal\r\nT2  Muscle involvement\r\nT3  Serosal involvement\r\nT4  Adjacent organs\r\nNode involvement is 5% in T1 and 65% in T3\r\n\r\n\r\nPROGNOSIS:5yr survival\r\nStage I 60%\r\nStage II 34%\r\nStage III 20%\r\nStage IV 7%\r\n\r\n\r\nTREATMENT:\r\n30%  inoperable at presentation due to distant metatstases.\r\n30%  have  unresectable tumours at  time of surgery.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Organomegaly", "Synonyms": ["Visceromegaly"], "Causes": ["Acromegaly", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "POEMS syndrome"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"], "Children": ["Hepatomegaly", "Splenomegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Clonorchis sinensis", "Effects": ["Cholangiocarcinoma"], "Parents": ["Trematode"]}
,{"Name": "Patent urachus", "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Convergence-retraction nystagmus", "Synonyms": ["Parinaud nystagmus"], "Causes": ["Parinaud syndrome"], "Parents": ["Nystagmus"]}
,{"Name": "Overflow diarrhoea", "Parents": ["Diarrhoea"]}
,{"Name": "Glycogen storage disorder", "Synonyms": ["Glycogen storage disease", "Glycogenosis"], "Effects": ["Moderate splenomegaly"], "Parents": ["Lysosomal storage disorder"], "Children": ["Von Gierke disease", "Glycogen storage disorder type II", "Glycogen storage disorder type III", "Glycogen storage disorder type V"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Synonyms": ["Interstitial renal disease"], "Causes": ["Pyelonephritis", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Nephrocalcinosis", "Chronic urinary tract obstruction", "Heavy metal", "Hypokalaemia", "High plasma urate", "Sjogren syndrome", "Balkan nephropathy", "Nephronophthisis", "Bence Jones proteinuria", "Silica", "Analgesic nephropathy"], "Effects": ["Acute kidney injury", "Renal tubular damage", "Sterile pyuria"], "Parents": ["Renal tubular disease", "Nephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Ocular hereditary cystinosis", "Effects": ["Crystalline keratopathy", "Photophobia"], "Parents": ["Cystinosis"], "Treatments": ["Cysteamine"], "Description": ["\"cystine crystals deposited in cornea\""]}
,{"Name": "Teratogenic drug", "Synonyms": ["Teratogen", "Drug causing birth defects"], "Parents": ["Teratogen", "Drug"], "Children": ["Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor", "Isotretinoin", "Alcohol", "Tetracycline", "Streptomycin", "Warfarin", "Phenytoin", "Valproate", "Carbamazepine", "Lithium", "Chemotheraputic drug", "Thiouracil", "Carbimazole", "Androgen", "Diethylstilboestrol", "Cocaine", "Thalidomide", "Efavirenz"], "Description": ["\"Organ formationin fetus occurs in the first 3 months:\nTeratogenic drugs in this period therefore cause structural defects. \n\nFrom 3 months onwards", "teratogenic drugs tend to cause growth defects.\n\nTeratogenic maternal medications maybe be either stopped", "switched or dose reduced.\nRisk to fetus must always be balanced with the risk to the woman if a medication is stopped.\n\nExposure to therapeutic drugs accounts for only 2 % of malformations. \nMost malformations result from genetic", "environmental", "or unknown causes.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Chromosome 22 mutation", "Effects": ["Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism", "Neurofibromatosis II"], "Parents": ["Chromosome mutation"]}
,{"Name": "Platypnoea", "Synonyms": ["Dyspnoea relieved by lying flat", "Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome", "Breathing difficulty relieved by clinostatism"], "Causes": ["Hepatopulmonary syndrome", "Right to left shunt"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"], "Description": ["\"Dyspnea that is relieved when lying down.\nWorsens when sitting or standing up. \nIt is the opposite of orthopnea. \""]}
,{"Name": "Obstetric procedure", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Children": ["Assisted delivery", "Intrauterine blood transfusion", "Induction of labor", "Induced Abortion", "Episiotomy", "Amniocentesis"]}
,{"Name": "Abadie sign", "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Elevator muscle of upper eyelid is spastic.\""]}
,{"Name": "Organic mental disorder", "Parents": ["Psychiatric disease"], "Children": ["Neurological mental disorder", "Dementia", "Organic mood disorder", "Toxic psychosis", "Delirium"]}
,{"Name": "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome VI", "Synonyms": ["Kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"], "Effects": ["Kyphosis"], "Parents": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Commonest form\""]}
,{"Name": "Complication of pregnancy", "Synonyms": ["Obstetric nasties", "Obstetric complication"], "Causes": ["Pregnancy"], "Parents": ["Obstetric condition"], "Children": ["Hyperemesis gravidarum", "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Gestational diabetes", "Pre-eclampsia", "Abruptio placentae", "Placenta praevia", "Hydramnios", "Oligohydramnios", "Hydrops fetalis", "Premature birth", "Overdue pregnancy", "Multiple birth", "Reduced fetal movement", "Fetal malnutrition", "Fetal malformation", "Congenital malformation", "Premature membrane rupture", "Fetal death", "Retained dead fetus", "Ectopic pregnancy", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "HELLP syndrome", "Maternal Risk", "Maternal mortality", "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy", "Gestational trophoblastic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Hot flush", "Synonyms": ["Hot flash"], "Causes": ["Post menopause", "Premature menopause", "Panic attack", "Dumping syndrome", "Carcinoid tumour", "Autonomic dysreflexia"], "Parents": ["Cutaneous symptom"], "Children": ["Facial flushing"]}
,{"Name": "Iridodonesis", "Synonyms": ["Tremor of iris"], "Causes": ["Dislocation of lens"], "Parents": ["Iris sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebellar ataxia", "Synonyms": ["Cerebellar syndrome"], "Causes": ["Cerebellar lesion", "Friedrich ataxia", "Wernicke encephalopathy", "Alcoholism", "Bulbar palsy", "Phenytoin toxicity", "Refsum disease", "Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Lateral medullary syndrome", "Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae", "Benzodiazepine", "Roussy-Levy syndrome", "Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome", "Normal pressure hydrocephalus", "Spinocerebellar ataxia", "Olivopontocerebellar degeneration", "Bromide", "Carbamazepine", "Ethosuximide", "Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Alpers syndrome", "Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency", "Kennedy disease", "Mercury", "Dravet syndrome"], "Effects": ["Broad-based gait", "Past pointing", "Dysdiadochokinesis", "Intention tremor", "Inability to walk"], "Parents": ["Ataxia"], "Children": ["Contralateral ataxia", "Ipsilateral ataxia"]}
,{"Name": "Maple syrup urine disease", "Synonyms": ["MSUD", "branched-chain ketoaciduria"], "Effects": ["Sweet smelling urine", "Nausea and vomiting", "Dehydration", "Seizure", "Ketosis", "Neonatal hypotonia"], "Parents": ["Aminoacidopathies"], "Description": ["\"Disorder affecting branched-chain amino acids.\nDeficiency of  branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC).\nBuild up of branched-chain amino acids (leucine", "isoleucine", "and valine) and their toxic by-products (ketoacids).\n\nUrine odour similar to that of maple syrup.\""]}
,{"Name": "LCMV virus", "Effects": ["Lymphocytic choriomeningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Neuropathy", "Synonyms": ["Nerve dysfunction"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Children": ["Peripheral neuropathy", "Asymmetrical neuropathy", "Mononeuropathy", "Nerve root lesion", "Axonal neuropathy", "Small fibre neuropathy", "Large fibre neuropathy", "Multifocal motor neuropathy", "Hereditory neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies", "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy", "Multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy", "Guillain-Barre syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Hysteria", "Synonyms": ["Conversion disorder"], "Effects": ["Stupor", "Tunnel vision", "Astasia abasia", "Numbness"], "Parents": ["Psychological problem", "Paresis"]}
,{"Name": "Class III antiarrhythmic drug", "Synonyms": ["Class 3 antiarrhythmic drug"], "Effects": ["Prolonged cardiac action potential duration", "Prolonged QT interval", "Prolonged cardiac refractory period", "Atrioventricular block"], "Parents": ["Antiarrhythmic drug"], "Children": ["Amiodarone", "Sotalol", "Dofetolide"]}
,{"Name": "Carbamazepine", "Synonyms": ["CBZ"], "Effects": ["Folic acid malabsorption", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Chronic headache", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Drug induced agranulocytosis", "Lower pitch perception", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Drug fever", "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Osteoporosis"], "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug", "P450 enzyme inducer", "Mood stabiliser", "Teratogenic drug"], "Treats": ["Neuropathic pain", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "Partial seizure", "Trigeminal neuralgia"]}
,{"Name": "Gardnerella", "Synonyms": ["Bacterial vaginosis"], "Effects": ["Bacterial Vaginosis"], "Treatments": ["Metronidazole", "Clindamycin"], "Description": ["\"Gram-variable-staining facultative anaerobic bacteria.\""]}
,{"Name": "Apolipoprotein A1", "Synonyms": ["Apoprotein A1", "Apo A1"], "Effects": ["Coronary artery disease"], "Parents": ["Apolipoprotein allele"]}
,{"Name": "Junctional Naevus", "Parents": ["Benign melanoma"], "Description": ["\"Nevus cells  located along junction of  epithelium and  underlying dermis.\n    - Flat\n    - brown to black\n   \""]}
,{"Name": "Achilles tendonitis", "Effects": ["Foot pain"]}
,{"Name": "Parkes Weber syndrome", "Effects": ["Port wine stain", "Lymphangioma", "Limb hypertrophy", "Cerebral arteriovenous malformation"], "Parents": ["Combined Vascular Malformation", "Arteriovenous malformation"], "Description": ["\"Lower limbs affected\""]}
,{"Name": "Iritis", "Synonyms": ["Inflammation of iris"], "Effects": ["Conjunctival injection"], "Parents": ["Anterior uveitis"], "Description": ["\"inflammation of the anterior chamber and iris.\""]}
,{"Name": "Graft versus host disease", "Synonyms": ["Graft-versus-host disease", "GVH disease"], "Causes": ["Allogenic bone marrow transplant"], "Effects": ["Protein-losing enteropathy", "Lichen planus"], "Treatments": ["Ursodeoxycholic acid"]}
,{"Name": "Mansonella perstans", "Parents": ["Filarial worm"], "Description": ["\"Asymptomatic\""]}
,{"Name": "Theophylline", "Causes": ["Tea"], "Effects": ["Potassium redistribution", "Nausea and vomiting", "Seizure", "Cardiac arrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Methylxanthine", "Drug metabolised by P450 enzymes"], "Treats": ["Asthma", "Status asthmaticus"]}
,{"Name": "Multiple hamartomas", "Causes": ["Cowden disease"]}
,{"Name": "Vitrectomy", "Parents": ["Ophthalmological surgery"], "Treats": ["Uveitis"]}
,{"Name": "Ectopic endometrium", "Effects": ["Menorrhagia"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological disease"], "Children": ["Endometriosis", "Adenomyosis"]}
,{"Name": "Wasting of tongue", "Causes": ["Hypoglossal nerve palsy", "Bulbar palsy"], "Parents": ["Muscle wasting", "Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Apnoea", "Synonyms": ["Respiratory arrest"], "Causes": ["Cheyne-Stokes respiration", "Non-depolarising blocker", "Opiate-receptor agonist", "Status epilepticus", "Respiratory alkalosis", "Brainstem death"], "Effects": ["Acute hypoxia"]}
,{"Name": "Re-feeding syndrome", "Causes": ["Total parenteral nutrition", "Anorexia nervosa", "Alcoholism", "Malnutrition"], "Effects": ["Cardiac arrhythmia", "Tachypnoea", "Seizure"], "Description": ["\"Occurs when nutritional support is given to severely malnourished patients.\nMetabolism shifts from a catabolic to an anabolic state. \nInsulin is released on carbohydrate intake", "triggering cellular uptake of potassium", "phosphate", "and magnesium. \nWhen serum concentrations of these electrolytes are reduced", "complications occur:\n-Cardiac arrythmia\n-Respiratory problems\n-Seizures\n\nThe hallmark  of refeeding syndrome is hypophosphataemia.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cheese effect", "Causes": ["Monoamine oxidase inhibitor", "Tyramine"], "Effects": ["Acute headache", "Increased vascular tone"]}
,{"Name": "Graham Steell murmur", "Causes": ["Pulmonary regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Diastolic murmur"], "Description": ["\"Rare early diastolic murmur\nsecondary to pulmonary hypertension\""]}
,{"Name": "Gunshot wound", "Synonyms": ["Bullet wound"], "Effects": ["Missile injury"]}
,{"Name": "Minamata disease", "Causes": ["Mercury"], "Effects": ["Tunnel vision", "Sensorineural deafness", "Hyperreflexia", "Lead pipe rigidity", "Chorea"]}
,{"Name": "Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction", "Synonyms": ["NSTEMI", "Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction", "Non-Q wave MI", "Subendocardial infarction"], "Effects": ["Depressed ST segment", "T-wave inversion"], "Parents": ["Myocardial infarction"], "Description": ["\"Rx oxygen", "aspirin", "LMWH", "IV nitrates while pain present", "diamorphine", "clopidogrel", "IV then oral beta blocker", "ACEi", "high-dose statin. IV then subcutaneous insulin if diabetic.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Synonyms": ["Crypto"], "Causes": ["Swimming", "Backpackers", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Avian", "Salad"], "Effects": ["Dehydration", "Abdominal pain", "Fever", "Acid-fast stain", "Gut parasite"], "Parents": ["Opportunistic gut infection", "Protozoan infection", "Zoonosis", "Contagious disease"], "Treatments": ["Nitazoxanide", "Azithromycin"], "Description": ["\"No treatment available. Try Spiramycin\nProtozoan parasite\nTransmitted by microbial cysts (oocysts).\nInfection is through contaminated water or uncooked meat.\n\nSymptoms last 2 weeks.\n\nCrypto comes from  Greek - meaning hidden.\n-- resistant to chlorine commonly used in recreational and drinking water.\n-  not killed by alcohol gels and hand sanitizers.\n-  People can continue to pass Crypto in their stools for several weeks following illness.\""]}
,{"Name": "Basal lung fibrosis", "Synonyms": ["Lower lobe fibrosis", "Lower lobe lung fibrosis"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary microvascular injury", "Collagen vascular disease", "Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis", "Asbestosis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Rheumatoid disease", "Chronic pulmonary infection"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody", "Positive ANCA"], "Parents": ["Antibody"], "Children": ["Positive p-ANCA", "Positive c-ANCA", "Positive a-ANCA"]}
,{"Name": "Tinnitus", "Synonyms": ["Ringing in the ears"], "Causes": ["Noise", "Conductive deafness", "Sensorineural deafness", "Meniere's disease", "Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy", "Hyperviscosity", "Cinchonism", "Salicylate poisoning", "Head injury", "Multiple sclerosis", "Benzodiazepine withdrawal"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom", "Hearing symptom", "Ear nose and throat symptom"], "Children": ["Pulsatile tinnitus"], "Description": ["\"The most common cause is noise-induced hearing loss.\nStructural damage to hair cells.\""]}
,{"Name": "Nematode", "Synonyms": ["Roundworm"], "Causes": ["Canine or feline"], "Parents": ["Helminth"], "Children": ["Ascaris lumbricoides", "Filarial worm", "Ankylostoma", "Strongyloides stercoralis", "Trichinella spiralis", "Gnathostoma spingerum", "Toxocara", "Hookworm"], "Treatments": ["Mebendazole", "Ivermectin"]}
,{"Name": "Kidney malformation", "Synonyms": ["Renal malformation"], "Causes": ["Turner syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hydronephrosis"], "Children": ["Crossed ectopia kidney"]}
,{"Name": "Jaw claudication", "Causes": ["Polymyalgia rheumatica"], "Parents": ["Oral symptom", "Claudication"]}
,{"Name": "Crossed ectopia kidney", "Parents": ["Kidney malformation", "Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Epilepsy", "Synonyms": ["Primary seizure disorder"], "Effects": ["Aura", "Epileptic seizure", "Neurological mental disorder", "Childhood seizure"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"], "Children": ["Primary generalised epilepsy", "Localisation-related epilepsy", "Metabolic epilepsy", "Catamenial epilepsy", "Gelastic epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital malformation", "Synonyms": ["Congenital deformity", "Developmental anomaly"], "Causes": ["Teratogen", "Irradiation", "Consanguinity", "Polygenic inheritance", "Overdue pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Premature birth", "Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Congenital disease", "Complication of pregnancy"], "Children": ["Head and neck malformation", "Thoracic malformations", "Gastrointestinal malformations", "Genitourinary malformation", "Vascular malformations", "Neural tube defect", "Branchial arch malformation", "Congenital renal malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Oral hypoglycaemic", "Synonyms": ["Oral antihyperglycaemic"], "Effects": ["Hyperinsulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug"], "Children": ["Sulphonylurea", "Biguanide", "Chlorpropramide", "Glitazone"], "Treats": ["Diabetes mellitus"]}
,{"Name": "Bagassosis", "Causes": ["Thermoactinomyces sacchari"], "Parents": ["Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"], "Description": ["\"hypersensitivity pneumonitis attributed to exposure to moldy molasses (bagasse).\nfirst reported in India 1955\""]}
,{"Name": "Pericardial crunch", "Synonyms": ["Hamman sign"], "Causes": ["Pneumomediastinum"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Groin swelling", "Synonyms": ["Groin lump", "Groin mass"], "Causes": ["Inguinal hernia", "Femoral hernia", "Inguinal lymph node", "Groin abscess", "Iliac artery aneurysm", "Saphena varix", "Cryptorchidism", "Psoas abscess"], "Effects": ["Deep vein thrombosis"], "Parents": ["Lump"]}
,{"Name": "Eruptive xanthoma", "Causes": ["Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Familial hypertriglyceridaemia", "Hypertriglyceridaemia"], "Parents": ["Xanthoma"]}
,{"Name": "Intracranial bleed", "Synonyms": ["Intracranial haemorrhage", "Brain haemorrhage"], "Causes": ["Cerebral arteriovenous malformation"], "Effects": ["Intracranial space occupying lesion"], "Parents": ["Haemorrhage", "Neurological disease"], "Children": ["Extradural haemorrhage", "Subdural haematoma", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Intracerebral haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Jugular foramen syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Vernet syndrome", "Collet-Sicard syndrome"], "Causes": ["Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Base of skull fracture", "Paget disease", "Bacterial meningitis", "Neurofibroma"], "Effects": ["Glossopharyngeal nerve palsy", "Vagus palsy", "Cranial accessory nerve palsy", "Hypoglossal nerve palsy", "Bovine cough", "Dysphonia"], "Children": ["Villaret syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Mesenchymal tumour", "Effects": ["Raised insulin-like growth factor II", "Phosphaturic factor secretion"], "Parents": ["Tumour"], "Children": ["Sarcoma"]}
,{"Name": "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography", "Synonyms": ["ERCP"], "Effects": ["Acute pancreatitis", "Biliary stricture"], "Parents": ["Investigation", "Radiological procedure"], "Treats": ["Cholestasis", "Cholelithiasis", "Cholecystitis", "Ascending cholangitis"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital neurological disease", "Effects": ["Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Congenital disease"], "Children": ["Prader-Willi syndrome", "Angelman syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Therapeutic laparotomy", "Parents": ["Laparotomy"]}
,{"Name": "AR gene mutation", "Effects": ["Kennedy disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Herpes simplex virus", "Synonyms": ["HSV"], "Effects": ["Vesicle", "Dendritic ulcer", "Inguinal lymphadenopathy", "Gingivitis", "Herpetic whitlow", "Herpes gladiatorum", "Eczema herpeticum", "Infectious encephalitis", "Viral meningitis", "Atypical pneumonia", "Erythema multiforme", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Oral ulcer", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Superficial keratitis", "Infective conjunctivitis", "Interstitial keratitis"], "Parents": ["Herpes virus", "Opportunistic gut infection"], "Children": ["Herpes simplex type I", "Herpes simplex type II", "Herpes simplex in immunocompromised"], "Description": ["\"encephalitis in neonates + immunosuppressed\n \""]}
,{"Name": "Intention tremor", "Synonyms": ["Action tremor", "Terminal tremor"], "Causes": ["Cerebellar ataxia", "Charcot's neurological triad"], "Parents": ["Tremor"]}
,{"Name": "Contact dermatitis", "Parents": ["Dermatological disease"], "Children": ["Irritant contact dermatitis", "Allergic contact dermatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Hysterectomy", "Effects": ["Vesico-vaginal fistula", "Colo-vaginal fistula"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological surgery"], "Treats": ["Cervical cancer", "Carcinoma of endometrium", "Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Uterine fibroid", "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding", "Choriocarcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome", "Synonyms": ["MPS VI", "Mucopolysaccharidosis IV", "Arylsulphatase B deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Oncological Therapy", "Parents": ["Treatment"], "Children": ["Radiotherapy", "Chemotherapy"]}
,{"Name": "T-cell activation", "Causes": ["Interleukin-2"], "Effects": ["Interferon gamma"], "Parents": ["Immune response"]}
,{"Name": "Catabolic state", "Effects": ["Elevated plasma creatinine", "Uraemia"]}
,{"Name": "Bone X-ray sign", "Parents": ["Radiological investigation"], "Children": ["Lytic bone lesion", "Sclerosis of bone", "Onion skin appearance", "Osteophyte", "Narrowing of joint space", "Bone cyst", "Osteitis fibrosa cystica", "Looser's zone", "Pathological fracture", "Benign exostosis", "Vertebral scalloping", "Bamboo spine", "Calcified intervertebral disc", "Syndesmophyte", "Romanus lesion", "Periostitis", "Subperiosteal bone resorption", "Periosteal reaction", "Loss of bony achitecture", "Absent radii"]}
,{"Name": "Inclusion body", "Synonyms": ["Inclusion bodies"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Children": ["Ubiquitin inclusion body", "CMV inclusion bodies"]}
,{"Name": "Delirium", "Synonyms": ["Confusion", "Acute confusional state", "Acute organic cognitive disturbance"], "Causes": ["Fever", "Urinary tract infection", "Pneumonia", "Meningitis", "Brain abscess", "Acute hypoxia", "Hypoglycaemia", "Hypercapnia", "Benzodiazepine", "Benzodiazepine withdrawal", "Alcohol", "Alcohol withdrawal", "Morphine", "Eclampsia", "Epileptic seizure", "Post-ictal state", "Subdural haematoma", "Caisson disease", "Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura", "Wernicke encephalopathy", "Typhoid fever", "Hip fracture", "Encephalitis", "Neurosyphilis", "Hyperglycaemia", "Drug toxicity", "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Morvan syndrome", "Adrenal crisis", "Hypothyroidism", "Toxic shock syndrome", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Cerebral lesion", "Ciguatera"], "Effects": ["Altered sensorium", "Agitation", "Cognitive disturbance", "Thought disturbance", "Exaggerated response to external stimuli"], "Parents": ["Organic mental disorder"], "Children": ["Hyperactive delirium", "Hypoactive delirium"], "Description": ["\"Hardly ever due to primary CNS dysfunction..\nacute potentially life-threatening disorder.\n\nDistinguished from psychosis", "in which consciousness and cognition not impaired. \nDistinguishd from dementia which is chronic and without altered sensorium.\""]}
,{"Name": "Aminophylline", "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"], "Description": ["\"Bronchodilator\""]}
,{"Name": "Low affect", "Synonyms": ["Low mood", "Sadness"], "Causes": ["Depression"], "Effects": ["Sad expression"], "Parents": ["Mood disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Usual interstitial pneumonia", "Synonyms": ["UIP", "Classical interstitial pneumonia", "Usual interstitial pneumonitis", "Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis"], "Effects": ["Bronchiolitis obliterans", "Lymphocytic bronchoalveolar lavage"], "Parents": ["Interstitial pneumonitis"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Mean survival 2.8-5.6 years\n12% steroid responsive\""]}
,{"Name": "Lindsay's half-and-half nail", "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"], "Description": ["\"Distal brown band in nail bed\""]}
,{"Name": "Paget disease", "Synonyms": ["Paget's disease of bone", "Osteitis deformans", "Osteodystrophia deformans"], "Effects": ["Bone pain", "Sclerosis of bone", "Sabre tibia", "Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy", "Optic nerve compression", "Jugular foramen syndrome", "Hip fracture", "High alkaline phosphatase", "Hypercalcaemia", "High cardiac output state", "Osteoporosis circumscripta", "Osteosarcoma", "Degenerative valve calcification", "Angioid streak", "Looser's zone", "Dupuytren's contracture", "Macrognathia", "Leontiasis ossea", "Congenital skeletal dysplasia", "Osteolysis"], "Parents": ["Metabolic bone disease"], "Treatments": ["Calcitonin", "Mithramycin", "Bisphosphonate"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 3% over 55\n\nenlarged and misshapen bones. \n  - excessive breakdown and formation of bone", "followed by\n  - disorganized bone remodelling\""]}
,{"Name": "Subperiosteal bone resorption", "Synonyms": ["Demineralisation of bone"], "Causes": ["Primary hyperparathyroidism"], "Effects": ["Bone cyst"], "Parents": ["Metabolic bone disease", "Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Endocrine disease", "Synonyms": ["Endocrinological disease"], "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Diabetes", "Thyroid disease", "Cretinism", "Hyperparathyroidism", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Acromegaly", "Cushing syndrome", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Addison disease", "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Conn syndrome", "Hyperaldosteronism", "Hypogonadism", "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome", "Glucagonoma", "Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Hyperlipidaemia", "Hyperinsulinaemia", "Verner-Morrison syndrome", "Pachydermoperiostosis", "Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome", "Ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion"]}
,{"Name": "Tsetse fly bite", "Effects": ["Trypanosoma brucei"], "Parents": ["Insect bite"]}
,{"Name": "Mixed aortic valve disease", "Causes": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis"], "Effects": ["Bisferiens pulse"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal lacuna", "Causes": ["Aicardi syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Dark urine", "Synonyms": ["Discolouration of urine", "Orange urine"], "Causes": ["Dehydration", "Haematuria", "Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia", "Haemoglobinuria", "Myoglobinuria", "Porphyria", "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Alkaptonuria", "Rifampicin", "Lesch Nyhan syndrome", "Beetroot", "Alkaptonuria triad"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom", "Urine sign"]}
,{"Name": "Uraemic encephalopathy", "Causes": ["Uraemia"], "Effects": ["Hiccup", "Asterixis", "Coma", "Sleep disorder"], "Parents": ["Metabolic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Macrothrombocytopaenia", "Causes": ["Alport syndrome"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Copropraxia", "Causes": ["Gilles de la Tourette syndrome"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Maladie de Roger", "Parents": ["Ventricular septal defect"], "Description": ["\"Haemodynamically insignificant", "loud VSD\""]}
,{"Name": "Low stool trypsin", "Causes": ["Cystic fibrosis", "Pancreatic insufficiency"], "Parents": ["Faeces sign"]}
,{"Name": "Menstrual cycle", "Effects": ["Migraine", "Mittelschmerz", "Catamenial epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle", "Gynaecological haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Raised urine hydroxyproline", "Causes": ["Osteoporosis"]}
,{"Name": "Tizanidine", "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Treats": ["Increased muscle tone"]}
,{"Name": "Splenic tear", "Synonyms": ["Splenic laceration", "Splenic rupture"], "Causes": ["Abdominal surgery", "Abdominal trauma"], "Effects": ["Guarding", "Kehr's sign"], "Parents": ["Rupture of abdominal viscus"], "Treatments": ["Splenectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Inhalation of silica", "Causes": ["Silica"], "Effects": ["Silicosis"], "Parents": ["Occupational hazard"]}
,{"Name": "S1 root lesion", "Causes": ["L5 disc herniation", "Cauda equina syndrome"], "Effects": ["Absent ankle jerk", "Weakness of hip abduction", "Gluteal wasting", "Lateral edge of foot sensory loss", "Weakness of plantar flexion", "Hamstring wasting"], "Parents": ["Nerve root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Job syndrome", "Effects": ["Defective neutrophil chemotaxis"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Mutations in the STAT3 gene \""]}
,{"Name": "Ubiquitin mutation", "Effects": ["Angelman syndrome", "Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Liddle syndrome", "Fanconi anaemia"], "Parents": ["Mutation"]}
,{"Name": "SNCA gene mutation", "Effects": ["Parkinson's disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 4q21\""]}
,{"Name": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "Synonyms": ["CPR", "Basic life support"], "Effects": ["Hypoxic brain injury"], "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Asystole"]}
,{"Name": "Brudzinski's signs", "Causes": ["Meningism"]}
,{"Name": "Pityriasis rosea", "Effects": ["Herald patch"]}
,{"Name": "Leucocytoclastic vasculitis", "Synonyms": ["Leukocytoclastic vasculitis"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid disease", "Cryoglobulinaemia"], "Effects": ["Palpable purpura", "Pyoderma gangrenosum"], "Parents": ["Primary vasculitis"], "Description": ["\"Rx high dose prednisolone + cyclophosphamide\""]}
,{"Name": "No response to synacthen", "Causes": ["Adrenocortical insufficiency"], "Parents": ["Synacthen test"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-oestrogen", "Parents": ["Endocrine drug"], "Treats": ["Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"]}
,{"Name": "Koplik spots", "Causes": ["Measles"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"], "Description": ["\"Red spot with white centre on buccal mucosa\""]}
,{"Name": "Schistosomia japonicum", "Effects": ["Travellers' myelitis"], "Parents": ["Schistosomiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Gestational diabetes", "Causes": ["Older maternal age", "Obesity", "Cigarette smoking", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Polygenic inheritance", "Multiple birth"], "Effects": ["Fetal macrosomia", "Hydrops fetalis", "Type II diabetes mellitus", "Shoulder dystocia", "Neural tube defect", "Congenital heart malformation", "Miscarriage"], "Parents": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Complication of pregnancy"], "Treatments": ["Weight loss"], "Description": ["\"Incidence of congenital malformations =5%\nCardiac and neural tube defects  occur.\nThe birth defects are not caused by chromosomal abnormalities.\nIncidence higher with HbA1c >7\nWomen with HbAc1 >10 should avoid becoming pregnant.\""]}
,{"Name": "Glivec", "Synonyms": ["Tyrosine kinase inhibitor"], "Parents": ["Signal transduction inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Chronic myeloid leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Wrist drop", "Causes": ["Radial nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Acquired limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebellar dysarthria", "Synonyms": ["Staccato speech", "Explosive speech", "Ataxic dysarthria"], "Causes": ["Cerebellar lesion"], "Parents": ["Dysarthria"]}
,{"Name": "GABAantagonist", "Effects": ["Toxic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Parathyroid adenoma", "Synonyms": ["Parathyroid nodule"], "Causes": ["MEN I", "MEN II"], "Effects": ["Primary hyperparathyroidism"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm"]}
,{"Name": "S wave in V1", "Causes": ["Left ventricular hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome", "Causes": ["Pseudoxanthoma elasticum"], "Effects": ["Angioid streak", "Peripheral vascular disease", "Coronary artery disease"]}
,{"Name": "Stickler syndrome", "Causes": ["COL11A1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Maxillary hyoplasia", "Cleft palate", "Myopia", "Cataract", "Glaucoma", "Retinal detachment", "Migratory polyarthritis", "Congenital deafness"], "Parents": ["Craniofacial syndromes"], "Description": ["\"Hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy.\nCollagen disoder.\""]}
,{"Name": "Neuron-specific enolase", "Synonyms": ["NSE", "Neurone-specific enolase", "Neurone specific enolase"], "Causes": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"], "Parents": ["Lumbar puncture"]}
,{"Name": "Trichinella spiralis", "Causes": ["Undercooked meat"], "Effects": ["Trichinellosis"], "Parents": ["Nematode"]}
,{"Name": "Childhood heart disease", "Synonyms": ["Paediatric cardiology disease"], "Parents": ["Acquired childhood disease"], "Children": ["Myocarditis", "Cardiomyopathy", "Kawasaki disease", "Rheumatic fever"]}
,{"Name": "Mycobacterium bovis", "Synonyms": ["Bacille Calmette Guerin", "BCG"], "Effects": ["Positive Mantoux test"], "Parents": ["Mycobacterial infection", "Live vaccine"]}
,{"Name": "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Synonyms": ["Parotid enlargement", "Bilateral parotitis"], "Causes": ["Mumps", "Coxsackie virus", "Influenza virus", "Parainfluenza virus", "Diabetes mellitus", "Alcoholism", "Alcoholic liver disease", "Lymphoma", "Sjogren syndrome", "Cystic fibrosis", "Uraemia", "Thiouracil", "Phenylbutazone", "Sarcoidosis", "Acromegaly", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Lead poisoning", "Hyperlipidaemia", "Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital disease", "Causes": ["Childhood"], "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Congenital malformation", "Congenital malformation syndrome", "Congenital skeletal dysplasia", "Congenital heart disease", "Congenital metabolic disease", "Congenital haematological disorder", "Congenital endocrine disorder", "Congenital muscle disease", "Congenital neurological disease", "Congenital renal disease", "Congenital skin disease", "Congenital immunodeficiency"], "Description": ["\"Malformation - defective organogenesis.\nDysplasia  - abnormal tissue structure.\n\nUnlike in inherited diseases", "in malformations one inherits the gene but the environment determines whether a malformation develops.\""]}
,{"Name": "Duodenitis", "Effects": ["Common bile duct obstruction"], "Parents": ["Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Food allergy", "Effects": ["Type I hypersensitivity reaction", "Acute abdominal pain", "Nausea and vomiting"]}
,{"Name": "Clostridium tetani", "Effects": ["Tetanus"], "Parents": ["Clostridium"]}
,{"Name": "Daunorubicin", "Effects": ["Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug", "Antibiotic"], "Treats": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Geophagy", "Synonyms": ["Pica", "Hyperorality"], "Causes": ["Emotional stress"], "Effects": ["Lead poisoning"], "Parents": ["Eating disorder"], "Description": ["\"Eating non-food items\""]}
,{"Name": "Asperger disease", "Synonyms": ["Asperger's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Autism spectrum disorder"], "Description": ["\"Autism with near-normal IQ\nUnlike autism", "these have no significant delay in language development\""]}
,{"Name": "Delayed excretion of water load", "Causes": ["Decreased aldosterone"]}
,{"Name": "Receptive aphasia", "Synonyms": ["Receptive dysphasia"], "Causes": ["Temporal lobe lesion"], "Parents": ["Aphasia"]}
,{"Name": "Bile acid binding resin", "Effects": ["Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Nausea and vomiting", "Decreased transit time"], "Parents": ["Lipid-lowering drug"], "Children": ["Cholestyramine", "Colestipol"]}
,{"Name": "Symptom", "Parents": ["Clinical Examination"], "Children": ["Constitutional symptom", "Cardiovascular symptom", "Respiratory symptom", "Gastrointestinal symptom", "Neurological symptom", "Genito-urinary symptom", "Gynaecological symptom", "Orthopaedic symptom", "Cutaneous symptom", "Lower limb symptom", "Breast symptom", "Ocular symptom", "Oral symptom", "Ear nose and throat symptom", "Pain", "Lump"]}
,{"Name": "Abciximab", "Parents": ["Monoclonal antibody", "GPIIb/IIIA-receptor downregulator"], "Description": ["\"Prevent coagulation in coronary angioplasty.\ninhibits the receptor GpIIb/IIIa on platelets\""]}
,{"Name": "Tic bite", "Synonyms": ["Tick bite"], "Effects": ["Eschar", "Lyme disease", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Colorado tick fever", "Tularemia", "Fievre boutonneuse", "African tick bite fever", "Tic-borne relapsing fever", "Tic borne meningoencephalitis", "Babesiosis", "Ehrlichiosis", "Q-fever"], "Parents": ["Insect bite"], "Description": ["\"Ticks are small arachnids in the order Parasitiformes.\nAlong with mites", "they constitute the subclass Acarina. \nTicks are external parasites", "living on the blood of mammals", "birds.\""]}
,{"Name": "Erythema chronicum migrans", "Synonyms": ["ECM"], "Causes": ["Lyme disease"], "Parents": ["Erythema"], "Description": ["\"Large erythematous annular rash\""]}
,{"Name": "Autoimmune neurological disease", "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease"], "Children": ["Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Eaton-Lambert syndrome", "Multiple sclerosis", "Neuromyotonia", "Stiff man syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin D resistant rickets", "Synonyms": ["Vitamin D-resistant rickets", "hypophosphatemic rickets"], "Causes": ["PHEX gene mutation", "Hereditary tyrosinosis", "Fanconi syndrome"], "Effects": ["Rickets", "Hypophosphataemia"], "Parents": ["X-linked dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Renal phosphate wasting\""]}
,{"Name": "Lymphangioma", "Causes": ["Parkes Weber syndrome"], "Parents": ["Vascular malformations"], "Description": ["\"sponge-like collections of lymphatic channels and cystic spaces \ncontain clear lymphatic fluid. \""]}
,{"Name": "Ideomotor apraxia", "Synonyms": ["IMA", "Impaired miming"], "Parents": ["Apraxia"], "Description": ["\"Patient incorrectly mimes how to use tools or produce gestures\nPatient may have body-part substitution\""]}
,{"Name": "Oestradiol", "Effects": ["Cholestasis"], "Treats": ["Amenorrhoea", "Post menopause"]}
,{"Name": "Azoospermia", "Synonyms": ["Oligospermia"], "Causes": ["Young syndrome", "Sulphasalazine", "Primary testicular failure", "Cystic fibrosis", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Cryptorchidism", "Coeliac disease"], "Effects": ["Infertility"]}
,{"Name": "Lead poisoning", "Synonyms": ["Pb", "Lead intoxication", "Plumbism"], "Causes": ["Geophagy"], "Effects": ["Toxic neuropathy", "Mainly motor neuropathy", "Granular casts", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Constipation", "Blue gums", "High plasma urate", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Basophilic stippling", "Metallic taste", "Elevated urinary coproporphyrin", "Raised aminolaevulanic acid", "Angioid streak", "Optic neuropathy", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Acquired Fanconi syndrome", "Altered sensation of taste"], "Parents": ["Chemical", "Heavy metal"]}
,{"Name": "Erythroid precursor", "Causes": ["Megaloblastic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Pick body", "Synonyms": ["Pick bodies"], "Causes": ["Pick disease"], "Parents": ["Ubiquitin inclusion body", "Brain biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Sporadic fatal insomnia", "Parents": ["Prion disease"]}
,{"Name": "Cinacalcet", "Synonyms": ["Mimpara"], "Treats": ["Tertiary hyperparathyroidism", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism"]}
,{"Name": "Increased folate loss", "Causes": ["Haemodialysis", "Erythroderma"], "Effects": ["Folic acid deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Hypernatraemia", "Synonyms": ["High sodium", "High Na", "High plasma Na"], "Causes": ["Dehydration", "Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma", "Cranial diabetes insipidus", "Lithium", "Methanol", "Hyperaldosteronism"], "Effects": ["Seizure"], "Parents": ["Electrolyte imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Stress ulcer", "Synonyms": ["Erosive gastritis"], "Causes": ["Ischaemia"], "Effects": ["Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Acute gastritis"], "Treatments": ["Proton pump inhibitor", "H2-antagonist", "Endoscopic coagulation", "Gastrectomy"], "Description": ["\"Definition:\nGastric ulcers due to physiologic stress.\n\nCause: ischaemia from splanchnic hypoperfusion in critically ill patients.\n\nPathology:\n - multiple ulcers \n - located upper stomach\n - usually superficial\n - deep (Curlings ulcer) in burns patients\n\nProphylaxis only for high risk patients:\nBleeding is rare under \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdphysiologic stress\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd. \nHigh risk group are surgical critically ill patients who :\na) have been on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. \nb) have coagulopathy.\n\nStress ulcer = higher mortality (4 fold) \""]}
,{"Name": "Flea bite", "Parents": ["Insect bite"]}
,{"Name": "Heimlich manoeuvre", "Parents": ["Manoeuvre"], "Treats": ["Inhaled foreign body"], "Description": ["\"Treats choking\""]}
,{"Name": "SERPINA1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Endoscopic coagulation", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Stress ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Bowel infarction", "Synonyms": ["Mesenteric infarction", "Infarction of bowel", "Gut infarction", "Infarcted bowel"], "Causes": ["Bowel ischaemia"], "Effects": ["Peritonitis", "Gram negative sepsis", "High liver dehydrogenase", "Peritonism", "Acute abdominal pain", "Lower gastrointestinal bleed"], "Parents": ["Infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Reflex myoclonus", "Causes": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease", "Morvan syndrome"], "Parents": ["Myoclonus"]}
,{"Name": "Earache", "Synonyms": ["Ear pain", "Otalgia"], "Causes": ["Glue ear", "Otitis externa", "Furuncle of external ear", "Foreign body", "Tonsillitis", "Eustachian tube dysfunction", "Barotrauma", "Dental abscess", "Glossopharyngeal nerve palsy", "Acute otitis media"], "Parents": ["Pain", "Ear nose and throat symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Letterer-Siwe disease", "Parents": ["Langerhans cell histiocytosis"], "Description": ["\"Onset <3yr \nSkin LN Bone and Spleen\nFatal\""]}
,{"Name": "Quinidine", "Effects": ["Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Drug-induced lupus", "Photosensitivity", "Digoxin toxicity", "Chemical cardioversion", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Class IA antiarrhythmic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Goodpasture syndrome", "Causes": ["Anti-GBM antibody", "HLA-DR2", "Penicillamine"], "Effects": ["Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Pulmonary fibrosis", "Pulmonary haemorrhage", "Haemoptysis", "Fever"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease"]}
,{"Name": "Bejel", "Effects": ["Positive VDRL"], "Parents": ["Treponemal infection"]}
,{"Name": "Sudden fall in blood pressure", "Synonyms": ["Sudden drop in BP"], "Causes": ["Vasovagal reflex", "Stokes-Adams attack", "Aortic stenosis", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Third degree atrioventricular block", "Paroxysmal coughing", "Aortic dissection"], "Effects": ["Syncope"], "Parents": ["Blood pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Mitral regurgitation", "Synonyms": ["Mitral incompetence", "MR"], "Causes": ["Mitral valve prolapse", "Rheumatic fever", "Papillary muscle rupture", "Myocardial ischaemia", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Cardiomyopathy", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Genetic collagen disease", "Infective endocarditis", "Ostium primum atrial septal defect", "Atrioventricular septal defect", "Partial atrioventricular canal", "Loffler's eosinophilic carditis"], "Effects": ["Breathlessness", "Fatigue", "Pansystolic murmur", "Left atrial hypertrophy", "Third heart sound", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Thrusting apex", "Infective endocarditis", "Wide splitting of second heart sound", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension", "Increased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension"], "Parents": ["Valvular heart disease"], "Treatments": ["Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor", "Diuretic", "Mitral valve replacement"], "Description": ["\"Rx monitor for hypertrophy 6 monthly\nACE inhibitor + diuretic\nMVR if NYHA III-IV", "EF<60%", "or LV end-sysstolic dimension >45mm\n\nAcute mitral regurgitation is caused by \n  - endocarditis", "- Papillary muscle rupture \""]}
,{"Name": "Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Synonyms": ["LGV", "Bubo"], "Causes": ["Homosexuality"], "Effects": ["Genital ulcer", "Lymphangitis", "Inguinal lymphadenopathy", "Groin abscess", "Erythema nodosum", "Proctitis", "Perianal fistula"], "Parents": ["Venereal disease"], "Treatments": ["Tetracycline", "Doxycycline", "Erythromycin", "Azithromycin"], "Description": ["\"A.Genital Lesion\n-Appears 3 days to 3 weeks after exposure\n- Painless Ulcer \n\nB.Inguinal Lesion\n- Occurs 2-6 weeks after exposure\n- Painful", "tender inguinal lymph nodes(Buboes)\n\nDIAGNOSIS:\nPolymerase chain reaction assays have the highest specificity and sensitivity \n\nAvoid Surgical drainage of buboes - risk of sinus formation.\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Amantadine", "Effects": ["Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "Livedo reticularis"], "Parents": ["Antiviral agent"], "Treats": ["Parkinsonism"]}
,{"Name": "Mosquito bite", "Effects": ["Malaria", "Wucheria bancrofti", "Japanese encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Insect bite"]}
,{"Name": "Hamman sign", "Causes": ["Pneumothorax"], "Effects": ["Mid-systolic click"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign"], "Description": ["\"Occurs with left apical pneumothorax\""]}
,{"Name": "Haemorrhage", "Synonyms": ["Bleed", "Bleeding", "Escape of blood from vessels"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Acute blood loss", "Chronic blood loss", "Haematoma", "Intracranial bleed"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphadenectomy", "Treats": ["Malignant melanoma"]}
,{"Name": "Cramp", "Causes": ["Tetany", "Morvan syndrome", "Bubonic plague", "Haemodialysis"]}
,{"Name": "Umbilical hernia", "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX"], "Parents": ["Bowel hernia"]}
,{"Name": "High CA 125 tumour marker", "Synonyms": ["High CA125", "High CA-125", "Raised carbohydrate antigen 125"], "Causes": ["Ovarian tumour", "Epithelial ovarian tumour"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"], "Description": ["\"in 80%\""]}
,{"Name": "Dissociative amnesia", "Synonyms": ["Psychogenic amnesia"], "Parents": ["Dissociative disorder"], "Description": ["\"Amnesia- for specific and significant blocks of time that have passed\""]}
,{"Name": "Positive p-ANCA", "Synonyms": ["Perinuclear ANCA", "Anti-myeloperoxidase", "pANCA"], "Causes": ["Microscopic polyangiitis", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Churg-Strauss syndrome", "Felty syndrome", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis"], "Parents": ["Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Immunological investigation", "Synonyms": ["Immunological test"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Rheumatoid factor positive", "Low complement activity", "Antibody", "Carcino-embryonic antigen", "Serum electrophoresis", "Raised IgG", "High IgM", "High IgA", "Positive Kveim test", "Positive Mantoux test", "Positive tuberculin test", "Positive serum precipitin"]}
,{"Name": "Herpes simplex in immunocompromised", "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Effects": ["Interstitial pneumonitis", "Viral hepatitis", "Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Herpes simplex virus", "Opportunistic infection"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous larva migrans", "Causes": ["Strongyloides stercoralis"], "Parents": ["Rash"]}
,{"Name": "Dislocation of odontoid peg", "Synonyms": ["Atlantoaxial dislocation", "Atlantoaxial subluxation"], "Causes": ["Cervical spondylosis", "Spinal trauma"], "Effects": ["Spinal cord compression", "Quadriplegia"]}
,{"Name": "Foramen magnum syndrome", "Effects": ["Syringomyelia"]}
,{"Name": "Menetrier disease", "Synonyms": ["Hypertrophic lesion of bowel", "Giant hypertrophic gastritis"], "Causes": ["Helicobacter pylori"], "Effects": ["Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Achlorhydria", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Malignant transformation"], "Description": ["\"A rare", "acquired", "premalignant disease of the stomach  characterised by:\r\n- massive gastric folds", "- excessive mucous production with resultant protein loss", "- little or no acid production.\r\n- associated with excessive secretion of transforming growth factor alpha\""]}
,{"Name": "Syphilis", "Synonyms": ["Treponema pallidum infection", "Luetic infection", "Lues"], "Causes": ["Treponemal infection"], "Effects": ["Primary chancre", "Secondary syphilis", "Tertiary syphilis", "Quaternary syphilis", "Congenital syphilis", "Splenic response to infection", "Donath Landsteiner IgG", "Positive VDRL", "Positive TPHA"], "Parents": ["Treponemal infection"], "Treatments": ["Benzylpenicillin"]}
,{"Name": "Dantrolene", "Parents": ["Nervous system drug"], "Treats": ["Malignant hyperpyrexia", "Increased muscle tone"], "Description": ["\"Muscle relaxant \n\nInhibits excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor.\nHence inhibits  release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during excitation-contraction coupling. \n\nThe only effective treatment for malignant hyperthermia.\""]}
,{"Name": "Brushfield spot", "Causes": ["Down syndrome"], "Parents": ["Iris sign"]}
,{"Name": "Loffler's eosinophilic carditis", "Synonyms": ["Loeffler's eosinophilic carditis", "L\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdffler's eosinphilic carditis"], "Causes": ["Loeffler syndrome"], "Effects": ["Eosinophilia", "Mitral regurgitation", "Heart block", "Endomyocardial fibrosis", "Infiltrative cardiomyopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Aortic occlusive disease", "Synonyms": ["Aorto-occlusive disease"], "Effects": ["Leriche syndrome"], "Parents": ["Arterial occlusion"]}
,{"Name": "Fibrosis", "Causes": ["Transforming growth factor-beta"], "Parents": ["General pathology"], "Children": ["Renal fibrosis", "Cystic fibrosis", "Pulmonary fibrosis", "Cirrhosis", "Endomyocardial fibrosis", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Breast fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Loud first heart sound", "Synonyms": ["Loud HS I", "Loud S1"], "Causes": ["Mitral stenosis", "Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome"], "Effects": ["Tapping apex"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Rett syndrome", "Effects": ["Global developmental delay", "Stereotyped movements", "Broad-based gait", "Bruxism", "Scoliosis", "Constipation", "Metabolic epilepsy"], "Parents": ["X-linked dominant disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"Female 12 months\""]}
,{"Name": "Emotional lability", "Synonyms": ["Emotional instability", "Emotionally labile", "Abulia", "Emotional incontinence", "Unstable mood", "Mood instabiliity", "Changeable mood"], "Causes": ["Frontal release", "Post menopause", "Pseudobulbar palsy", "HIV encephalitis", "Efavirenz", "Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy"], "Effects": ["Laughter", "Tearfulness"], "Parents": ["Mood disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Prostatic enlargement", "Causes": ["Benign prostatic hypertrophy", "Prostate cancer"], "Effects": ["Bladder outflow obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Acyanotic heart disease", "Parents": ["Congenital heart malformation"], "Children": ["Atrial septal defect", "Ventricular septal defect", "Atrioventricular septal defect", "Partial atrioventricular canal", "Congenital pulmonary stenosis", "Bicuspid aortic valve", "Congenital aortic valve malformation", "Ebstein anomaly", "Congenital AV node lesion", "Cor triatriatum", "Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Lower urinary tract symptom", "Synonyms": ["LUTS"], "Causes": ["Bladder outflow obstruction", "Detrusor instability"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"], "Children": ["Urinary frequency", "Urinary urgency", "Urinary incontinence", "Urinary hesitancy", "Poor urinary stream", "Post-micturiton dribble", "Incomplete voiding", "Nocturia", "Enuresis", "Dysuria"]}
,{"Name": "Morvan syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Morvan's fibrillary chorea", "MFC", "La choree fibrillaire"], "Causes": ["Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody"], "Effects": ["Neuromyotonia", "Sweating", "Limbic encephalitis", "Insomnia", "Excessive salivation", "Delirium", "Visual hallucination", "Reflex myoclonus", "Pruritus", "Cramp"], "Parents": ["Neurological disease"]}
,{"Name": "Laparotomy", "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Children": ["Diagnostic laparotomy", "Therapeutic laparotomy"], "Treats": ["Uterine rupture"]}
,{"Name": "Biliary colic", "Causes": ["Common bile duct obstruction", "Raised cholecystokinin"], "Effects": ["Epigastric pain"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"], "Description": ["\"Pain referred to right shoulder\""]}
,{"Name": "Sickle cell crisis", "Causes": ["Sickle cell anaemia", "Dehydration", "Bacterial infection", "Acute hypoxia"], "Effects": ["Splenic infarct", "Pulmonary infarct", "Haemolytic crisis", "Avascular necrosis", "Bone necrosis", "Dactylitis", "Priapism", "Acute abdominal pain", "Ischaemic hepatitis"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Opiate", "Folic acid", "Venesection"], "Description": ["\"vaso-occlusive crisis is caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells .\""]}
,{"Name": "MPTP toxicity", "Causes": ["Desmethylprodine"], "Effects": ["Parkinsonism"], "Parents": ["Drug toxicity"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudoxanthoma elasticum", "Synonyms": ["PXE"], "Effects": ["Angioid streak", "Coronary artery disease", "Renal artery stenosis", "Peripheral vascular disease", "Chicken skin", "Pseudoxanthomatous plaques", "Blue sclera", "Myopia", "Joint hypermobility", "Mitral valve prolapse", "Leopard skin spotting", "Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Autosomal recessive disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Synonyms": ["OI", "Brittle bone disease", "Lobstein syndrome"], "Causes": ["COL1A1  gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Recurrent fractures", "Bone deformity", "Pathological fracture", "Blue sclera", "Conductive deafness", "Triangular face", "Joint hypermobility", "Posterior scalloping", "Congenital aortic valve malformation", "Aortic regurgitation", "Hip fracture", "Looser's zone"], "Parents": ["Genetic collagen disease", "Autosomal dominant disorder", "Congenital skeletal dysplasia"], "Treatments": ["Bisphosphonate"], "Description": ["\"1:30", "000 births. \nBone collagen I defect\""]}
,{"Name": "Pseudodiverticuli", "Causes": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Synonyms": ["HIV infection", "HIV"], "Causes": ["Intravenous drug abuse", "Promiscuity", "Unprotected sex", "Tattooing", "Needlestick injury", "Blood transfusion"], "Effects": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "HIV seroconversion illness", "Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy", "Lymphopaenia", "Kaposi sarcoma", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Cervical cancer", "HIV-associated thrombocytopaenia", "HIV encephalitis", "Viral meningitis", "Transverse myelitis", "HIV-associated nephropathy", "Infectious neuropathy", "IgA nephropathy", "Pancytopaenia", "Positive a-ANCA", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Cotton wool exudate", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Ichthyosis", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "Secondary biliary cirrhosis", "Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome", "Congenital heart malformation"], "Parents": ["Chronic viral infection", "Retrovirus", "Venereal disease", "Blood-borne disease"], "Treatments": ["Anti-retroviral agent"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-GBM antibody", "Effects": ["Goodpasture syndrome"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Urethral discharge", "Causes": ["Gonorrhoea"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Posterior fossa space occupying lesion", "Synonyms": ["Posterior fossa SOL", "Posterior fossa tumour"], "Causes": ["Cerebellar haemangioma", "Acoustic neuroma"], "Effects": ["Meningism", "Blocked CSF drainage", "Coning of medulla", "Herniation of cerebellar tonsils"], "Parents": ["Intracranial space occupying lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Neurofibromatosis II", "Synonyms": ["NF 2", "NF2", "Central neurofibromatosis"], "Causes": ["Chromosome 22 mutation", "NF2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Bilateral acoustic neuroma", "Cafe au lait patch", "Meningioma", "Ependymoma"], "Parents": ["Neurofibromatosis"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 22q\""]}
,{"Name": "Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma", "Causes": ["Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome"], "Parents": ["Renal cell carcinoma"], "Description": ["\"Cytoplasm is pale and resistant to staining with hematoxylin and eosin.\nPrognosis in ChRCC is better than othger RCC.\""]}
,{"Name": "RHBDF2 gene mutation", "Synonyms": ["Howel-Evans syndrome"], "Effects": ["Tylosis", "Carcinoma of oesophagus"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 17q25\""]}
,{"Name": "Haemolytic crisis", "Causes": ["Sickle cell crisis"], "Description": ["\"acute accelerated drops in haemoglobin level\""]}
,{"Name": "Ineffective granulopoiesis", "Causes": ["Aplastic anaemia", "Bone marrow suppression", "Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Drug induced agranulocytosis", "Kostmann syndrome", "Megaloblastic anaemia"], "Effects": ["Neutropenia"]}
,{"Name": "Ethosuximide", "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Drowsiness", "Mental slowing", "Insomnia", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Hiccup", "Aplastic anaemia", "Chronic headache", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Succinimide"]}
,{"Name": "Foreign body", "Effects": ["Earache", "Conjunctival injection"]}
,{"Name": "Aortic valve calcification", "Causes": ["Alkaptonuria"]}
,{"Name": "Biliary atresia", "Effects": ["Kernicterus", "Common bile duct obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Clostridium difficile", "Synonyms": ["C. difficile", "C dif"], "Causes": ["Faecal contamination of food"], "Effects": ["Pseudomembranous colitis"], "Parents": ["Clostridium"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal distension", "Synonyms": ["Distended abdomen"], "Causes": ["Ascites", "Ileus", "Constipation", "Decreased gut motility", "Toxic megacolon", "Intestinal pseudoobstruction", "Wilm's tumour"], "Effects": ["Bloating"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign", "Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "EEG sign", "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["EEG slowing", "Periodic sharp wave complex", "Hypsarrhythmia", "Burst suppression"]}
,{"Name": "Scheuermann kyphosis", "Synonyms": ["idiopathic juvenile kyphosis of the spine", "Calve disease"], "Effects": ["Kyphosis", "Back pain"], "Treatments": ["Physiotherapy"], "Description": ["\"Affects thoracic spine of juveniles.\nAnterior wedging of 3 or more adjacent thoracic vertebral bodies.\n\nVertebrae grow unevenly with respect to the sagittal plane:\ni.e. the anterior angle is often greater than the posterior. \nThis uneven growth results in the signature \"wedging\" shape of the vertebrae", "causing kyphosis.\n \nSelf-limiting after growth is complete.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Finger agnosia", "Causes": ["Gerstmann syndrome"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"], "Description": ["\"Inability to name individual fingers\""]}
,{"Name": "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid", "Causes": ["Irradiation", "Cigarette smoking"], "Effects": ["Unilateral parotid swelling", "Hard consistency of parotid", "Facial nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Parotid tumour", "Carcinoma", "Salivary gland tumours"], "Treatments": ["Total Parotidectomy", "Radiotherapy"], "Description": ["\"most common malignancy of the parotid gland\""]}
,{"Name": "Antithyroid drug", "Parents": ["Endocrine drug"], "Children": ["Carbimazole", "Thiouracil", "Potassium perchlorate", "Radioiodine therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Endomyocardial fibrosis", "Causes": ["Loffler's eosinophilic carditis", "Parasitic infection", "Malnutrition"], "Effects": ["Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Fibrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Condyloma lata", "Synonyms": ["Anal papules"], "Causes": ["Secondary syphilis"], "Parents": ["Venereal disease", "Papular rash"], "Treatments": ["Penicillin"], "Description": ["\"These lesions are highly infectious.\nBegins 2 to 8 weeks following onset of Chancre.\""]}
,{"Name": "Acute phase reaction", "Synonyms": ["Acute phase response"], "Causes": ["Inflammatory disease", "Metastasis"], "Effects": ["Constitutional symptom", "Peripheral vasodilatation", "Increased systemic vascular permeability", "Elevated serum acute phase proteins", "Raised ESR", "Neutrophilic leukocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased body hair", "Causes": ["High oestrogen"]}
,{"Name": "Urticaria", "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Koebner phenomenon", "Angioedema"], "Parents": ["Rash", "Type I hypersensitivity reaction", "Dermatological disease", "Autoimmune skin disease"], "Children": ["Idiopathic urticaraia", "Immunological urticaria", "Non-immunological urticaria"], "Treatments": ["Cetirizine", "Loratidine", "Antihistamine"], "Description": ["\"from the Latin' urtica'= \"nettle\" ;  from urere", "\"to burn\"\n\nitchy red blotchy rash. \ndue to release of histamine from mast cells in skin.\n\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdAcute urticaria -  symptoms develop quickly but resolve within 48 hours.\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdChronic urticaria - rash persists for more than six weeks. \n  The latter is most likely autoimmune .\n\n15% of people experience urticaria at some time in their lives.\""]}
,{"Name": "Rifampicin", "Effects": ["Dark urine", "Orange tears", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Warm antibody haemolysis", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Anti-tuberculous agent", "P450 enzyme inducer"], "Treats": ["Post-primary tuberculosis", "Brucellosis", "Leprosy", "Primary biliary cirrhosis"]}
,{"Name": "Meckel Gruber syndrome", "Effects": ["Renal cyst", "Encephalocele", "Polydactyly", "Induced Abortion"], "Parents": ["Congenital renal disease", "Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"fatal at birth  because of pulmonary hypoplasia or neonatal renal failure\nParents can be counseled appropriately \""]}
,{"Name": "Vesicular breath sounds", "Synonyms": ["Normal breath sounds"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"], "Description": ["\"-Inspiration is normally 2-3 times the length of expiration. (Inspiration= an active process)\n-Inspiratory sounds are  louder  than expiratory sounds\n-Expiration is soft and low pitched and die away after the first third of the expiratory phase.\""]}
,{"Name": "Cystic fibrosis", "Synonyms": ["CF"], "Causes": ["CTFR gene mutation", "Caucasian", "Anderson triad"], "Effects": ["Thick mucus", "Cholelithiasis", "High sweat sodium", "Immunoreactive trypsin test", "Burkholderia cepacia infection", "Hyponatraemia", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Primary testicular failure", "Azoospermia", "Secondary biliary cirrhosis", "Low stool trypsin", "Nasal polyp", "Anderson triad"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Fibrosis", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Treatments": ["Guthrie test"], "Description": ["\"delta F 508 gene mutation in 75% caucasians\n7q21.3 CFTR gene = transmembrane chloride channel\""]}
,{"Name": "Hyperventilation", "Synonyms": ["Overbreathing"], "Causes": ["Anxiety", "Panic attack", "Hypoxic respiratory failure", "Metabolic acidosis", "Amphetamine", "Salicylate poisoning"], "Effects": ["Hypocapnia", "Lightheadedness", "Dizziness", "Respiratory alkalosis"]}
,{"Name": "Tophus", "Synonyms": ["Gouty tophi", "Tophaceous gout"], "Causes": ["Gout"], "Effects": ["Hand nodule"], "Parents": ["Joint sign", "Hand sign"]}
,{"Name": "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX", "Synonyms": ["Occipital horn syndrome"], "Causes": ["ATP7A gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Occipital exostoses", "Pectus excavatum", "Cutis laxa", "Coarse hair", "Mental retardation", "Inguinal hernia", "Umbilical hernia", "Congenital skeletal dysplasia"], "Parents": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "X-linked recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"ATP7A gene located on X chromosome \""]}
,{"Name": "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IV", "Synonyms": ["Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"], "Effects": ["Berry aneurysm", "Toxic megacolon"], "Parents": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Severest form\""]}
,{"Name": "Antihistone antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-histone antibody"], "Effects": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Morphoea"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Pseudotumour under scar", "Causes": ["Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"]}
,{"Name": "Fetal malnutrition", "Causes": ["Overdue pregnancy", "Umblical cord copmpression", "Abruptio placentae"], "Effects": ["Reduced fetal movement"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy"]}
,{"Name": "Iridocyclitis", "Synonyms": ["Inflammation of iris and ciliary body"], "Causes": ["Behcet triad"], "Parents": ["Anterior uveitis"], "Treatments": ["Atropine", "Hyoscine", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Iritis + inflammation of vitreous chamber.\""]}
,{"Name": "Granuloma annulare", "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Effects": ["Subcutaneous nodule"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Treatments": ["Dapsone"], "Description": ["\"Erythematous asymptomatic macules on extensor surfaces and knuckles\n2:1 female preponderance\n66% are under 30 years\nBiopsy: necrobiotic degeneration of dermal collagen\""]}
,{"Name": "Bone necrosis", "Causes": ["Salmonella", "Sickle cell crisis"], "Effects": ["Bone pain"], "Parents": ["Necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Ineffective erythropoiesis", "Causes": ["Thalassaemia", "Sideroblastic anaemia"], "Effects": ["Extravascular haemolysis", "Hypochromia", "Iron overload", "Microcytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Lymph node metastases", "Causes": ["Testicular tumour"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Subhyaloid haemorrhage", "Synonyms": ["Preretinal haemorrhage"], "Causes": ["Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Terson syndrome"], "Parents": ["Retinal haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "CT sign", "Synonyms": ["Computerised tomography sign"], "Parents": ["Radiological investigation"], "Children": ["Ring enhancing lesion", "Arteriosclerosis of basal ganglia", "Calcification of basal ganglia", "Eye-of-the-tiger sign", "Periventricular calcification", "Subperiosteal clot", "Clot limited by suture line", "Convex-shaped intracranial bleed"]}
,{"Name": "Ocular sarcoidosis", "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis", "Blau syndrome"], "Effects": ["Lacrimal gland enlargement", "Dry eye", "Scleritis"], "Parents": ["Conjunctivitis"]}
,{"Name": "Formaldehyde", "Parents": ["Carcinogen"]}
,{"Name": "Peripheral nervous system drug", "Synonyms": ["PNS drug"], "Parents": ["Nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Neuromuscular drug", "Adrenoceptor drug", "Muscarinic agonist", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Noradrenaline blocker", "Catecholamine", "Sympathomimetic", "Phosphodiesterase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Consanguinity", "Effects": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Congenital malformation"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Description": ["\"Autosomal recessive disorders occur in individuals who have two copies of the gene for a particular recessive genetic mutation.\r\n\r\nSince relatives share a higher proportion of their genes than do unrelated people", "it is more likely that related parents will both be carriers of the same recessive gene", "and therefore their children are at a higher risk of a genetic disorder.\""]}
,{"Name": "Nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy", "Synonyms": ["Nonischaemic DCM"], "Parents": ["Dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Children": ["Familial dilated cardiomyopathy", "Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Argyll Robertson pupil", "Causes": ["Neurosyphilis"], "Effects": ["Constricted pupil", "Irregular pupil", "Unreactive pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"], "Description": ["\"Accommodation in tact\""]}
,{"Name": "Lesion to Auerbach plexus", "Synonyms": ["Lesion to myenteric plexus"], "Effects": ["Achalasia cardia"]}
,{"Name": "Digoxin toxicity", "Synonyms": ["Digoxin overdose"], "Causes": ["Digoxin", "Hypokalaemia", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Hypercalcaemia", "Verapamil", "Nifedipine", "Quinine", "Quinidine", "Hypothyroidism", "Chronic renal failure", "Amiodarone", "Cyclosporin", "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor"], "Effects": ["First degree atrioventricular block", "Third degree atrioventricular block", "Supraventricular tachycardia", "Nausea and vomiting", "Xanthopsia", "Seizure", "Bigeminy", "Constipation", "Diarrhoea", "Acute abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Drug toxicity"], "Description": ["\"Usually caused by inhibition of tubular secretion of Digoxin\""]}
,{"Name": "Autoimmune skin disease", "Synonyms": ["Autoimmune dermatological condition"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease", "Dermatological disease"], "Children": ["Dermatitis", "Psoriasis", "Pemphigus vulgaris", "Bullous pemphigoid", "Dermatitis herpetiformis", "Morphoea", "Alopecia areata", "Vitiligo", "Urticaria"]}
,{"Name": "Allopurinol", "Effects": ["Low plasma urate", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Bone marrow suppression", "Liver granuloma", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Metabolic drug"], "Treats": ["Cutaneous sarcoidosis", "Gout"]}
,{"Name": "Decerebrate posturing", "Synonyms": ["Decerebrate rigidity", "Extensor posturing"], "Causes": ["Midbrain lesion", "Pontine lesion"], "Effects": ["Opisthotonus"]}
,{"Name": "6-mercaptopurine", "Parents": ["Folate antagonist drug", "Purine analogue"], "Treats": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Atovaquone plus proguanil", "Synonyms": ["Malarone"], "Treats": ["Malaria"]}
,{"Name": "Corneal oedema", "Causes": ["Acute glaucoma"], "Effects": ["Clouding of vision", "Corneal opacity"]}
,{"Name": "High low-density lipoprotein", "Synonyms": ["High LDL", "High low density lipoprotein"], "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism"], "Effects": ["Coronary artery disease"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Pyrethrin", "Treats": ["Scabies", "Pediculosis capitis"]}
,{"Name": "Inevitable abortion", "Causes": ["Abruptio placentae", "Hydatidiform mole", "Oligohydramnios"], "Parents": ["Miscarriage"], "Description": ["\"Cervix dilated\""]}
,{"Name": "Growth hormone-secreting adenoma", "Effects": ["Acromegaly", "Raised insulin-like growth factor I", "Increased growth hormone secretion", "Hyperprolactinaemia", "Gigantism"], "Parents": ["Pituitary adenoma"]}
,{"Name": "Pus in faeces", "Synonyms": ["Pus in stool", "Purulent faeces"], "Causes": ["Dysentery"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom", "Faeces sign"]}
,{"Name": "Toxic shock syndrome", "Synonyms": ["TSS", "Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 secretion", "TSST-1 secretion"], "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus"], "Effects": ["Fever", "Macular rash", "Palm and sole desquamation", "Conjunctival injection", "Strawberry tongue", "Multiple system failure", "Gram positive sepsis", "Delirium"], "Parents": ["Exotoxin syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Mediated by TSST1 toxin", "enterotoxin B & C\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Mucinous cystadenoma", "Synonyms": ["Serous adenocarcinoma of ovary"], "Parents": ["Epithelial ovarian tumour", "Benign neoplasm", "Mucinous carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin deficiency neuropathy", "Causes": ["Vitamin B12 deficiency", "Vitamin B6 deficiency", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Chromium deficiency", "Thiamine deficiency"], "Effects": ["Peripheral neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Partial albinism and immunodeficiency syndrome", "Synonyms": ["PAID syndrome"], "Effects": ["Recurrent infection"], "Parents": ["Griscelli syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Calf pain", "Causes": ["Varicose veins of leg", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Claudication"], "Effects": ["Antalgic gait"], "Parents": ["Pain", "Lower limb symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Vascular dementia", "Synonyms": ["Binswanger disease", "Multi-infarct dementia"], "Causes": ["Cerebral infarction", "Hypertension"], "Effects": ["Gait apraxia", "Decreased concentration", "Flat affect", "Apathy", "Pseudobulbar palsy", "Lacunar infarct", "White matter vascular disease"], "Parents": ["Infarction", "Dementia", "Cerebrovascular disease"]}
,{"Name": "Contagious disease", "Parents": ["Infectious disease"], "Children": ["Influenza virus", "Cold sore", "Mumps", "Measles", "Chickenpox", "Variola virus", "Poliovirus", "Diptheria", "Pertussis", "Infectious mononucleosis", "Scarlet fever", "Croup", "Viral laryngitis", "Scabies", "Impetigo", "Onychomycosis", "Tinea pedis", "Ringworm infection", "Verruca", "Tuberculosis", "Leprosy", "Amoebiasis", "Shigella", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection", "Meningitis", "Venereal disease"], "Description": ["\"Contagious disease:\r\nTransmissible by:\r\n-contact with an affected individual or \r\n-with a bodily discharge of such a person or\r\n-or with an object touched by such a person or by bodily discharge.\r\n\r\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Munchausen syndrome", "Parents": ["Personality disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Hurler-Scheie syndrome", "Synonyms": ["MPS type I H/S", "Mucopolysaccharidosis type I H/S"], "Parents": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Oesophageal stenosis", "Synonyms": ["Oesophageal stricture"], "Causes": ["Oesophagitis", "CREST syndrome", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Caustic soda"], "Effects": ["Dysphagia", "Aspiration pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology", "Barium sign", "Bowel stricture"], "Children": ["Oesophageal webs", "Schatzki ring"], "Description": ["\"Present in 80% of scleroderma\""]}
,{"Name": "Neologism", "Parents": ["Disconnected thought"]}
,{"Name": "Loa loa", "Synonyms": ["Loiasis"], "Causes": ["Chrysops fly bite"], "Effects": ["Calabar swelling"], "Parents": ["Filarial worm"]}
,{"Name": "5-alpha-reductase deficiency", "Synonyms": ["5a-reductase deficiency", "Five alpha-reductase deficiency"], "Causes": ["SRD5A2 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Ambiguous genitalia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Unable to convert testosterone to DHT. \nSRD5A2 gene mutation\""]}
,{"Name": "Aphakia", "Effects": ["Posterior vitreous detachment"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic sinusitis", "Causes": ["Kartagener syndrome"], "Effects": ["Cacosmia"], "Parents": ["Chronic bacterial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Large ears", "Causes": ["Acromegaly", "Fragile X syndrome", "Marfan syndrome", "Pachydermoperiostosis"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pelviureteric junction obstruction", "Synonyms": ["PUJ obstruction"], "Causes": ["Congenital renal malformation"], "Effects": ["Loin pain", "Chronic urinary tract obstruction"], "Parents": ["Urological disease", "Intravenous urogram sign"], "Treatments": ["Pyeloplasty"], "Description": ["\" congenital narrowing at PUJ  due to :\n-abnormal muscle arrangement \n-anomalous collagen collar \n-abnormal lower polar vessel crossing \n\n1 per 1000 newborns \n\nDiagnostic:\nIntermittent pain after drinking large volumes of fluid\n\nDiagnosed on prenatal ultrasound\n\nConfirmed by Diuretic isotope renogram\n\nTREATMENT:\nPyeloplasty\nBalloon dilataion and stenting\""]}
,{"Name": "Morbid jealousy", "Synonyms": ["Delusional jealousy"], "Parents": ["Delusion"]}
,{"Name": "Spinal cord infarction", "Causes": ["Arterial embolus"], "Effects": ["Myelopathy", "Back pain"]}
,{"Name": "Atypical mononeucleocytes", "Causes": ["Infectious mononucleosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Cranial sutures widened", "Causes": ["Cranio-cleido dysostosis"]}
,{"Name": "Cholestyramine", "Synonyms": ["Colestyramine"], "Effects": ["Cholelithiasis"], "Parents": ["Bile acid binding resin", "Drug that decreases effect of warfarin"], "Treats": ["Hypercholesterolaemia", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Pruritus"]}
,{"Name": "Nocturia", "Causes": ["Impaired concentrating ability"], "Effects": ["Enuresis"], "Parents": ["Lower urinary tract symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Linea nigra", "Causes": ["Generalised hyperpigmentation"]}
,{"Name": "Carotid artery dissection", "Synonyms": ["Carotid dissection", "Dissection of carotid artery"], "Causes": ["Carotid aneursm"], "Effects": ["Pulsatile tinnitus", "Cerebral infarction", "Horner syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Atrioventricular septal defect", "Synonyms": ["AVSD", "Endocardial cushion defect"], "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Patau syndrome"], "Effects": ["Ostium primum atrial septal defect", "Ventricular septal defect", "Mitral regurgitation", "Tricuspid regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Acyanotic heart disease"]}
,{"Name": "Antiarrhythmic drug", "Parents": ["Cardiac drug"], "Children": ["Class I antiarrhythmic drug", "Class II antiarrhythmic drug", "Class III antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IV antiarrhythmic drug", "Digoxin", "Magnesium", "Calcium"]}
,{"Name": "Myositis ossificans", "Causes": ["Supracondylar fracture humerus"]}
,{"Name": "Sad expression", "Synonyms": ["Miserable expression", "Downcast face"], "Causes": ["Myopathic facies", "Low affect"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cat eye syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Schmid\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdFraccaro syndrome"], "Effects": ["Downward slanting palpebral fissures", "Coloboma", "Cleft palate", "Micrognathia", "Mental retardation", "Scoliosis", "Anal atresia", "Short stature"]}
,{"Name": "C1R deficiency", "Effects": ["Systemic lupus erythematosus"], "Parents": ["Congenital complement deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Legionella", "Synonyms": ["Legionnaire's disease"], "Effects": ["Culture-negative endocarditis", "Lymphopaenia", "Hypocalcaemia", "Infective hepatitis", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Silver stain positive", "Invisibility on gram stain", "Bacterial gastroenteritis", "Atypical pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus", "Obligate intracellular prokaryote", "Notifiable disease"], "Treatments": ["Erythromycin", "Clarithromycin"], "Description": ["\"Rifampicin prophylaxis\""]}
,{"Name": "Gallop rhythm", "Causes": ["Major pulmonary embolus", "Left ventricular failure", "Athletic heart"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Digoxin", "Synonyms": ["Digitalis"], "Effects": ["Digoxin toxicity", "Gynaecomastia", "Positive inotropic effect", "Sinus bradycardia", "T-wave inversion", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Cardiac glycoside", "Antiarrhythmic drug"], "Treats": ["Atrial fibrillation", "Fetal tachycardia"], "Description": ["\"Oestrogen receptor agonist\""]}
,{"Name": "Congenital immunodeficiency", "Synonyms": ["Primary immunodeficiency"], "Parents": ["Congenital disease"], "Children": ["Severe combined immunodeficiency", "Common variable immunodeficiency", "DiGeorge syndrome", "Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome", "Bruton agammaglobulinaemia", "Bloom syndrome", "Job syndrome", "Congenital IgA deficiency", "Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency", "Myeloperoxidase deficiency", "Chronic granulomatous disease", "Chediak-Higashi syndrome", "Leucocyte adhesion molecule deficiency", "Fucosidosis", "Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoxic encephalopathy", "Causes": ["Hypoxic respiratory failure", "Carbon monoxide toxicity", "Near drowning", "High altitude"], "Parents": ["Encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Macronodular cirrhosis", "Causes": ["Alcoholic liver disease"], "Effects": ["Irregular liver edge"], "Parents": ["Cirrhosis"]}
,{"Name": "Hilar lymphadenopathy", "Synonyms": ["Enlarged pulmonary lymph nodes"], "Causes": ["Primary tuberculosis", "Lung malignancy", "Lung metastasis", "Inhalation anthrax"], "Effects": ["Blocked bronchus"], "Parents": ["Localised lymphadenopathy"], "Children": ["Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Mediastinal mass", "Causes": ["Hodgkin lymphoma", "Thymoma"]}
,{"Name": "Leishmania donovani", "Synonyms": ["L. donovani"], "Causes": ["Sandfly bite"], "Effects": ["Kala-azar", "Splenic response to infection"], "Parents": ["Protozoan infection", "Zoonosis"], "Treatments": ["Pentavalent antimony", "Pentamidine", "Paromycin", "Amphotericin B"]}
,{"Name": "Raised jugular venous pressure", "Synonyms": ["Elevated JVP", "High JVP", "Raised JVP", "Elevated jugular venous pressure"], "Causes": ["Systemic venous congestion", "Fluid overload", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Beck's triad", "Cardiac tamponade"], "Parents": ["Jugular venous pressure sign"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Intra-abdominal abscess", "Causes": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Effects": ["Fever of unknown origin"]}
,{"Name": "Lysozyme kidney damage", "Causes": ["Acute monocytic leukaemia"], "Effects": ["Renal tubular damage"]}
,{"Name": "Bowel bacterial overgrowth", "Synonyms": ["Overgrowth of gut flora"], "Causes": ["Blind loop syndrome", "Enterocolic fistula", "Irradiation", "Ileal resection", "Diabetes mellitus", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Malabsorption state", "Subtotal villous atrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Dependent personality disorder", "Parents": ["Personality disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Neurogenic inflammation", "Effects": ["Sterile inflammation"], "Description": ["\"Due to local release from afferent neurons of inflammatory mediators:\n -Substance P  \n -Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide \n\nInvolved in pathgenesis of:\npsoriasis\nasthma\neczema  \nacne rosacea\ndystonia\nmigraine. \""]}
,{"Name": "Bowel bypass syndrome", "Causes": ["Blind loop syndrome"], "Effects": ["Macular rash", "Erythema nodosum", "Migratory polyarthritis"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal disease"]}
,{"Name": "Steppage gait", "Synonyms": ["High-stepping gait"], "Causes": ["Foot drop"], "Parents": ["Gait"]}
,{"Name": "Hypophosphatasia", "Causes": ["ALPL gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Chondrocalcinosis"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"ALPL  gene muation\nWeakens and softens the bones like Rickets.\""]}
,{"Name": "Neurological investigation", "Synonyms": ["LP"], "Parents": ["Investigation", "Neurology"], "Children": ["Lumbar puncture"]}
,{"Name": "Viral laryngitis", "Parents": ["Contagious disease"]}
,{"Name": "Branchial arch malformation", "Causes": ["Maternal hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Congenital malformation"], "Children": ["Branchial cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Reactive hyperaemia", "Causes": ["Raynaud phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Erythema"]}
,{"Name": "Split brain", "Causes": ["Callosal agenesis", "Callosotomy"]}
,{"Name": "Schnyder corneal dystrophy", "Effects": ["Crystalline keratopathy"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Cholesterol crystals in cornea\""]}
,{"Name": "Left axis deviation", "Synonyms": ["Left-deviated axis"], "Causes": ["Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Ostium primum atrial septal defect"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Increased gut motility", "Causes": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Erythromycin", "Metoclopramide", "5-HT4 agonist", "High serotonin"], "Effects": ["Decreased transit time"]}
,{"Name": "Kleptomania", "Synonyms": ["Compulsive stealing"], "Parents": ["Impulse control disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Tic-borne relapsing fever", "Causes": ["Tic bite"], "Parents": ["Tic-borne bacterial disease"]}
,{"Name": "Thiouracil", "Synonyms": ["Propylthiouracil"], "Effects": ["Bilateral parotid swelling", "Oral ulcer"], "Parents": ["Antithyroid drug", "Teratogenic drug"], "Treats": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Graves disease"]}
,{"Name": "Oxygen", "Synonyms": ["O2"], "Effects": ["Inhaled irritant"], "Parents": ["Chemical", "Medical treatment"], "Treats": ["Acute hypoxia", "Acute coronary syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Inguinal hernia", "Synonyms": ["Groin hernia"], "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Cutis laxa", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome IX", "Straining at stool"], "Effects": ["Groin swelling", "Scrotal swelling", "Groin pain"], "Parents": ["Bowel hernia"]}
,{"Name": "Chloramphenicol", "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia", "Drug induced agranulocytosis", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Treats": ["Rickettsia"]}
,{"Name": "Extracampine hallucination", "Synonyms": ["Hallucination somebody is behind you"], "Causes": ["Lewy body dementia"], "Parents": ["Hallucination"]}
,{"Name": "Amiloride", "Effects": ["Altered sensation of taste"], "Parents": ["Potassium-sparing diuretic"]}
,{"Name": "Discectomy", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"], "Treats": ["Intervertebral disc herniation"]}
,{"Name": "Negative anion gap", "Causes": ["Increased H ion intake", "Increased H ion production"], "Parents": ["Blood gas investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Breast lump", "Causes": ["Carcinoma of breast", "Fibroadenoma of breast", "Fat necrosis", "Galactocele"], "Parents": ["Breast symptom", "Lump"]}
,{"Name": "c-ret oncogene mutation", "Effects": ["Hirschsprung disease", "MEN II", "MEN III"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Receptor protein Tyrosine kinase\""]}
,{"Name": "Hard exudate", "Causes": ["Coats disease"], "Parents": ["Hypertensive retinopathy", "Proliferative retinopathy"], "Children": ["Macular star"]}
,{"Name": "Villous adenoma of rectum", "Effects": ["Gut electrolyte loss"], "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm", "Lower gastrointestinal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Megakaryocyte", "Causes": ["Essential thrombocythaemia", "Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Bernard-Soulier syndrome"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow sign"]}
,{"Name": "Third degree atrioventricular block", "Synonyms": ["3rd degree AV node block", "Complete heart block", "Third degree heart block", "CHB", "3rd degree block"], "Causes": ["Myocardial infarction", "Digoxin toxicity", "Verapamil", "Cardiomyopathy", "Rheumatic fever", "Congenital AV node lesion", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome"], "Effects": ["Heart failure", "Sudden fall in blood pressure", "Cannon waves", "Prolonged QT interval", "Bradycardia", "Variable PR interval"], "Parents": ["Atrioventricular block"], "Description": ["\"No AV conduction\""]}
,{"Name": "Late menopause", "Effects": ["Carcinoma of endometrium", "Carcinoma of breast"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Baker's cyst", "Causes": ["Osteoarthritis", "Rheumatoid arthritis"], "Parents": ["Cyst"], "Description": ["\"Posterior herniation of knee joint capsule.\nNot a true cyst.\""]}
,{"Name": "Testicular tumour", "Causes": ["Cryptorchidism", "Testes in labia"], "Effects": ["Testicular swelling", "High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Lymph node metastases", "Liver metastasis", "Lung metastasis", "Bone metastasis", "Dermatomyositis", "Pre-T cell acute lymphoid leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Genitourinary carcinoma"], "Children": ["Seminoma", "Teratoma", "Choriocarcinoma", "Yolk sac tumour", "Interstitial cell carcinoma of testis", "Leydig cell tumour"], "Treatments": ["Ifosfamide"], "Description": ["\"TYPES\nGerm cell tumours (95%)\nA. Seminoma 45%\nB. Teratoma 50%\n\nStromal tumours (5%)\nA. Leydig cell tumour\nB. Sertoli cell tumour\n\n\nAGE INCIDENCE\nTeratomas- 25 years\nSeminomas - 40 years\n\nRISK FACTORS:\nCryptorchidism increases risk 10-fold.\n\nPRESENTATION\n1. Painless lump 90%\n2. Recent onset hydrocoele.\n3. Pain\n4. Gynaecomastia- f rom ?hCG production.\n5. Metastasis - seminomas metastasise to para-aortic nodes - back pain;\n                         teratomas =blood-borne spread to liver", "lung", "bone and brain.\n\nINVESTIGATION:\nUltrrasound - All men with a recent onset hydrocele should have an US.\n\nSTAGING:\nStage 1: Disease conf ined to the testis.\nStage 2: metastasis to Paraaortic ly mph nodes below the diaphragm.\nStage 3: metastasis to nodes abov e diaphgram.\nStage 4: Extra ly mphatic metastases - liver and lung\""]}
,{"Name": "Gout", "Synonyms": ["Urate crystal arthropathy", "Uric acid arthropathy", "Podagra"], "Causes": ["High plasma urate"], "Effects": ["Chondrocalcinosis", "Tophus", "Arthralgia", "Scleritis", "Foot pain", "Crystalline keratopathy"], "Parents": ["Rheumatological pathology"], "Treatments": ["Allopurinol", "Colchicine", "Diclofenac"]}
,{"Name": "Impaired glucose tolerance", "Synonyms": ["IGT"], "Causes": ["Acromegaly", "Cushing syndrome", "Dysbetalipopriteinaemia", "Chronic renal failure", "Werner syndrome", "Chromium deficiency"], "Effects": ["Type II diabetes mellitus", "Lag storage curve"], "Parents": ["Hyperglycaemia"], "Description": ["\"Fasting glucose <7 but rises above 7.8 mmol 2 hours after 75g glucose (but below 11.1)\nNo microvascular complications\nTwo-fold cardiovascular risk (same as DM)\n\n25% progress to DM in 5 years\n50% will revert to normal\""]}
,{"Name": "Tularemia", "Synonyms": ["rabbit fever", "deer fly fever", "Oharas fever"], "Causes": ["Tic bite"], "Effects": ["Red eye", "Facial erythema", "Cutaneous ulcer", "Atypical pneumonia", "Bloody pleural effusion", "Generalised lymphadenopathy"], "Parents": ["Tic-borne bacterial disease"], "Treatments": ["Streptomycin", "Doxycycline"], "Description": ["\"caused by bacterium Francisella tularensis.\nGram-negativecoccobacillus.\nFound in hares and small rodents.\nPrimary vectors are ticks and deer flies.\nNamed after Tulare County", "California.\""]}
,{"Name": "Miller-Fisher syndrome", "Synonyms": ["MFS", "Fisher-Miller syndrome", "Miller-Fisher variant"], "Causes": ["Anti-GQ1b antibody"], "Effects": ["Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Ataxia", "Hyporeflexia"], "Parents": ["Guillain-Barre syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Proximal form\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Restless legs syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Restless leg syndrome", "Willis-Ekbom disease", "Ekbom syndrome"], "Causes": ["Iron deficiency anaemia", "Uraemia", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Haemodialysis"], "Treatments": ["Dopamine receptor agonist"], "Description": ["\"overwhelming need to frequently alter position of lower limbs\nusually idiopathic", "onset 40 yrs old\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Burst suppression", "Causes": ["General anaesthetic", "Hypoxic brain injury", "Otohara syndrome", "Status epilepticus"], "Parents": ["EEG sign"]}
,{"Name": "Anhidrosis", "Synonyms": ["Decreased sweating", "Anhydrosis"], "Causes": ["Horner syndrome", "Autonomic neuropathy", "Holmes-Adie syndrome", "Ross syndrome"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Veganism", "Synonyms": ["Vegan diet"], "Effects": ["Inadequate diet"], "Parents": ["Diet"]}
,{"Name": "Ipratropium bromide", "Synonyms": ["Atrovent"], "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"]}
,{"Name": "Amitriptyline", "Parents": ["Tricyclic antidepressant", "Anti-migraine drug"], "Treats": ["Neuropathic pain"]}
,{"Name": "Rib notching", "Causes": ["Coarctation of the aorta", "Pulmonary stenosis", "Blalock-Taussig shunt", "Cervical rib", "Obstruction of superior vena cava", "Neurofibromatosis I", "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"], "Description": ["\"3rd-9th ribs. Seen only after 6 yrs of age\""]}
,{"Name": "T-wave inversion", "Synonyms": ["Inverted T-wave", "T wave inversion"], "Causes": ["Myocardial ischaemia", "Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction", "Hypokalaemia", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Digoxin"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Children": ["T wave inversion in V1"]}
,{"Name": "Anomia", "Synonyms": ["Dysnomia"], "Causes": ["Temporal lobe lesion", "Progressive nonfluent aphasia", "Semantic dementia"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Lop ears", "Causes": ["CHARGE syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"], "Description": ["\"Bowl-shaped and concave ears", "known as Lop ears.\""]}
,{"Name": "Nephronophthisis", "Synonyms": ["Medullary cystic kidney complex", "Medullary cystic disease"], "Effects": ["Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Optic atrophy"], "Parents": ["Congenital renal disease", "Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"Nephronophthisis is a ciliopathy\""]}
,{"Name": "Aortic valve replacement", "Synonyms": ["AVR", "Prosthetic aortic valve", "Aortic valve prosthesis"], "Effects": ["Aortic regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Prosthetic cardiac valve"], "Treats": ["Aortic regurgitation", "Aortic stenosis"], "Treatments": ["Aortic stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Dilated pupil", "Synonyms": ["Mydriatic pupil", "Mydriasis", "Large pupil"], "Causes": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Holmes-Adie pupil", "Iridectomy", "Sympathomimetic", "Amphetamine", "Cocaine", "Anisocoria", "Fixed dilated pupils"], "Effects": ["Unreactive pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchial plug", "Synonyms": ["Bronchial cast"], "Causes": ["Retained secretion", "Thick mucus", "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis"], "Effects": ["Blocked bronchus"]}
,{"Name": "Raised aminolaevulanic acid", "Synonyms": ["Raised aminolevulanic acid", "High ALA"], "Causes": ["Porphyria", "Lead poisoning"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Urological Surgery", "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Nephrolithotomy", "Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy", "Pyelolithotomy", "Ureterolithotomy", "Endoscopic ureterolithotomy", "Pyeloplasty", "Radical nephrectomy", "Nephro-ureterctomy", "Cystodiathermy", "Trans-urethral resection of bladder tumour", "Radical Cystectomy", "Trans-urethral resection of prostate", "Radical prostatectomy", "Litholopaxy", "Cystolithotomy", "Optical Urethrotomy", "Urethral dilatation", "Ureteric stent insertion", "Ureterolysis", "Cystodistension", "Augmentation cystoplasty", "Urinary diversion", "External sphincterotomy", "Transvaginal Tape", "Colposuspension", "Circumcision", "Orchidopexy", "Nephroureterctomy", "Scrotal fixation of testes"]}
,{"Name": "Nystagmus", "Causes": ["Cerebellar lesion", "Bulbar palsy", "Albinism", "Wernicke encephalopathy", "Lateral medullary syndrome", "Phenytoin toxicity", "Down syndrome", "Raymond-Cestan syndrome", "Sialidosis", "Retinoblastoma", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease", "Charcot's neurological triad"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign"], "Children": ["Jerk nystagmus", "Upbeat nystagmus", "Downbeat nystagmus", "Pendular nystagmus", "Convergence-retraction nystagmus", "Brun nystagmus", "Gaze-evoked nystagmus"]}
,{"Name": "Platelet degranulation", "Effects": ["Transforming growth factor-beta"]}
,{"Name": "Nail dystrophy", "Synonyms": ["Hypoplastic nail", "Loss of nail", "Nail hypoplasia", "Dystrophic nail", "Dystrophic nail plate"], "Causes": ["Lichen planus", "Nail-patella syndrome", "Reiter's syndrome", "Cronkhite-Canada syndrome"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphoproliferative disorder", "Effects": ["Type II cryoglobulinaemia", "High plasma urate", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Haematological malignancy"], "Children": ["Myeloma", "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia", "Lymphoma"]}
,{"Name": "Channelopathy", "Synonyms": ["Ion channel mutation"], "Parents": ["Mutation"], "Children": ["Familial hemiplegic migraine", "Episodic ataxia 1", "Benign familial neonatal convulsions", "Generalised epilepsy with febrile seizures plus", "Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy", "Familial hyperekplexia", "Ward-Romano syndrome", "Jervell-Lange-Nielson syndrome", "Alternating hemiplegia of childhood"]}
,{"Name": "Cystinosis", "Causes": ["CTNS gene mutation"], "Parents": ["Aminoacidopathies"], "Children": ["Nephropathic hereditary cystinosis", "Ocular hereditary cystinosis"], "Description": ["\"CTNS gene codes for cystinosin", "membrane transporter for cystine.\nCystine is accumulated in lysosomes. \nHighly insoluble", "precipitaes as crystals in tissues.\""]}
,{"Name": "Wide excision", "Parents": ["General Surgery"], "Treats": ["Malignant melanoma"]}
,{"Name": "Fetal death", "Synonyms": ["Death of fetus", "Abortion", "Stillbirth"], "Effects": ["Acute blood loss", "Recurrent miscarriage", "Retained dead fetus", "Ante-partum haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy", "Gynaecological disease"], "Children": ["Miscarriage", "Induced Abortion"], "Description": ["\"Gestational age <20 weeks\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDeath of  fetus after 20 weeks gestation or 500 gm\n\nIncidence\nUK =0.3%\n 1.8%  world wide\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Xanthopsia", "Synonyms": ["Yellow vision"], "Causes": ["Digoxin toxicity"], "Parents": ["Visual symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Avian", "Synonyms": ["Bird"], "Effects": ["Psittacosis", "Cryptosporidium parvum infection"], "Parents": ["Pet"]}
,{"Name": "Seizure", "Synonyms": ["Fit", "Fitting"], "Causes": ["Epileptic seizure", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Febrile convulsion", "Hyponatraemia", "Hypoglycaemia", "Acute hypoxia", "Hypernatraemia", "Intravascular thrombus formation", "Theophylline", "Digoxin toxicity", "Cerebral oedema", "Fever", "Kernicterus", "Pre-eclampsia", "Batten disease", "Sturge-Weber syndrome", "Schindler disease", "Conversion disorder", "Infectious encephalitis", "Hypertensive encephalopathy", "Cerebral arteriovenous malformation", "Acute intermittent porphyria", "Acute post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis", "Aicardi syndrome", "Phenylketonuria", "McLeod syndrome", "Menke syndrome", "Albinism and Neurolgical deficit", "Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Variegate porphyria", "Biotinidase deficiency", "Bubonic plague", "Maple syrup urine disease", "Re-feeding syndrome", "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy", "Hypomelanosis of Ito"], "Effects": ["Convulsion", "Status epilepticus", "Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"], "Children": ["Generalised seizure", "Partial seizure", "Complex seizure", "Epileptic seizure"]}
,{"Name": "Renal agenesis", "Causes": ["Trisomy 22", "VATER syndrome"], "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Grey Turner's sign", "Causes": ["Acute pancreatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Dental crown", "Effects": ["Oral trauma"]}
,{"Name": "Bulla", "Synonyms": ["Bullae", "Blister"], "Causes": ["Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Pemphigus vulgaris", "Bullous pemphigoid", "Porphyria cutanea tarda", "Pompholyx eczema"], "Effects": ["Cutaneous ulcer"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"]}
,{"Name": "Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor", "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug"], "Children": ["Hydroxyurea", "Fludarabine", "Cytarabine", "Gemcitabine"]}
,{"Name": "IgA nephropathy", "Synonyms": ["Berger disease", "IgA nephritis", "Bergier's nephritis"], "Causes": ["Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Coeliac disease", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "HLA-DQW7", "Mycosis fungoides", "Cirrhosis"], "Effects": ["Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Acute nephritic syndrome", "Proliferative glomerulonephritis", "Loin pain", "Hypertension", "Acquired low C3"], "Parents": ["Glomerulonephritis", "Renal disease"], "Description": ["\"Males age 20-30\nOccurs 24 hrs post-URTI\nIf nephrotic", "requires 8 weeks prednisolone. Nephritic", "use ACEi.\n\n30% children spontaneous remission within 10 years\n25% develop ESRF in 20 years\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Low parathormone", "Causes": ["Hypoparathyroidism"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Paroxysmal Hypertension", "Causes": ["Phaeochromocytoma", "Renal artery stenosis", "Amphetamine"], "Effects": ["Hypertension"]}
,{"Name": "Mitoxantrone", "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug"], "Treats": ["Multiple sclerosis"]}
,{"Name": "Nitazoxanide", "Treats": ["Cryptosporidium parvum infection"]}
,{"Name": "Gnathostoma spingerum", "Synonyms": ["Gnathostomiasis"], "Causes": ["Raw fish"], "Effects": ["Transverse myelitis"], "Parents": ["Nematode"], "Description": ["\"Migrates around body causing pain\""]}
,{"Name": "Septal damage", "Causes": ["Ruptured interventricular septum", "Cardiac surgery", "Pacemaker"], "Effects": ["Ventricular septal defect"]}
,{"Name": "Global developmental delay", "Synonyms": ["Delayed milestones", "Slow development", "Psychomotor arrest"], "Causes": ["Cri-du-chat syndrome", "Rett syndrome", "Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Krabbe disease", "Fucosidosis", "Von Gierke disease", "Biotinidase deficiency", "Lesch Nyhan syndrome", "Aromatic acid decarboxylase deficiency", "Anaemia of pregnancy", "Fetal alcohol syndrome", "Canavan disease"], "Parents": ["Paediatric sign"]}
,{"Name": "Tuber cinereum lesion", "Synonyms": ["Lesion to area between mammillary bodies"], "Effects": ["Laughter"], "Parents": ["Hypothalamic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal striae", "Causes": ["Ascites", "Cushing syndrome", "Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign"]}
,{"Name": "Restrictive diplopia", "Causes": ["Retro-orbital mass"], "Parents": ["Diplopia"]}
,{"Name": "Ear nose and throat symptom", "Synonyms": ["ENT symptom"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Epistaxis", "Nasal obstruction", "Nasal discharge", "Sore throat", "Earache", "Otorrhoea", "Tinnitus", "Dizziness", "Vertigo", "Hearing symptom", "Hoarse voice", "Reduced vocal range", "Vocal breaks", "Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome", "Velopharyngeal incompetence"]}
,{"Name": "Pendular nystagmus", "Parents": ["Nystagmus"]}
,{"Name": "Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Effects": ["Herniation of cerebellar tonsils", "Hydrocephalus", "Encephalocele", "Mental retardation", "Chronic headache", "Optic atrophy", "Downbeat nystagmus", "Bulbar palsy", "Basilar impression", "Spina bifida", "Syringomyelia", "Pontine lesion", "Brainstem syndrome"], "Parents": ["Head and neck malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Nicorandil", "Effects": ["Oral ulcer"], "Parents": ["Potassium channel opener"]}
,{"Name": "Neurophysiological investigation", "Synonyms": ["Electrophysiological investigation", "Neurophysiology investigation", "Electrics test"], "Parents": ["Investigation"], "Children": ["Neuromyotonia", "Slowed conduction velocity"]}
,{"Name": "Mitral valve calcification", "Causes": ["Alkaptonuria"]}
,{"Name": "Maternal mortality", "Causes": ["Maternal Risk"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy", "Complication of childbirth"], "Description": ["\"Incidence: 8.2 deaths per 100", "000 live births \n\nDefine:\n 1) death of a woman while pregnant OR\n 2) within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. \nfrom any cause related to the pregnancy or its management", "but not from accidental or incidental causes\""]}
,{"Name": "Alexander disease", "Causes": ["Glial fibrillary acidic protein mutation"], "Effects": ["Macrocephaly", "Rosenthal fibres"], "Parents": ["Leukodystrophy"], "Description": ["\"De novo mutation only\""]}
,{"Name": "Vaginal candidiasis", "Effects": ["Vaginitis"], "Parents": ["Candida albicans", "Vulval infection"]}
,{"Name": "Caspofungin", "Parents": ["Anti-fungal agent"], "Treats": ["Aspergillus fumigatus"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous symptom", "Synonyms": ["Skin symptom", "Dermatological symptom"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Rash", "Pruritus", "Hot flush", "Sweating", "Photosensitivity", "Alopecia"]}
,{"Name": "Microcytosis", "Causes": ["Ineffective erythropoiesis", "Iron deficiency anaemia", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Microcytic anaemia"], "Effects": ["Low haematocrit", "Low mean cell volume"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Athletic heart", "Causes": ["Exercise"], "Effects": ["Sinus bradycardia", "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "Gallop rhythm", "High cardiac output state"], "Description": ["\"non-pathological condition\nphysiological adaptation of the body to the stresses of aerobic exercise.\n\nA larger heart = higher cardiac output\nRaised cardiac output = bradycardia.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Hereditory coproporphyria", "Parents": ["Porphyria"]}
,{"Name": "Club foot", "Causes": ["Trisomy 9"], "Parents": ["Foot sign"]}
,{"Name": "EGFR inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["Human epidermal growth factor receptor", "HER2"], "Parents": ["Chemotheraputic drug"], "Children": ["Trastuzumab", "Cetuximab", "Rituximab", "Imatinib", "Erlotnib"], "Description": ["\"Either tyrosine kinase inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies\r\n\r\nAction:\r\nTyrosine kinase inhibitors bind to the tyrosine kinase domain in the HER2 and stops activation of the signaling pathway. \r\n\r\nMonoclonal antibodies bind to the extracellular component of the HER2", "prevent the actual substrates from binding to the receptors and stop the receptor activation\""]}
,{"Name": "Ring enhancing lesion", "Causes": ["Cerebral toxoplasmosis"], "Parents": ["CT sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pulmonary infarct", "Synonyms": ["Pulmonary infarction"], "Causes": ["Sickle cell crisis", "Pulmonary embolus"], "Effects": ["Fever", "Cough", "Hampton hump", "Pleuritic chest pain"], "Parents": ["Infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Low lying liver", "Causes": ["Hyperinflation"], "Parents": ["Chest sign"]}
,{"Name": "Necrotic skin lesion", "Synonyms": ["Skin necrosis", "Cutaneous necrosis"], "Causes": ["Necrolytic migratory erythema", "Peripheral gangrene", "Ecthyma gangrenosum", "Zygomycosis", "Calciphylaxis", "Pyoderma gangrenosum"], "Parents": ["Necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Sabre tibia", "Synonyms": ["Bowed tibia"], "Causes": ["Paget disease", "Congenital syphilis"], "Parents": ["Bowed legs"]}
,{"Name": "Crush Injury syndrome", "Causes": ["Crush Injury"], "Effects": ["Hyperkalaemia", "Myoglobinuria", "Acute tubular necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "C2 deficiency", "Effects": ["Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Low C2"], "Parents": ["Congenital complement deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Post-traumatic stress disorder", "Causes": ["War", "Natural disaster", "Bullying", "Child abuse", "Rape"], "Parents": ["Anxiety disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Pentamidine", "Effects": ["Hypoglycaemia"], "Parents": ["Anti-fungal agent"], "Treats": ["Cutaneous leishmaniasis", "Leishmania donovani", "Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Candida albicans", "Kala-azar"], "Description": ["\"Prophyaxis against Pneumocystis(fungus) pneumonia in pateints receiving chemotherapy.\nMechanism of its anti-protozoal action in Leishmaniasis is unknown. \""]}
,{"Name": "Haemangiopericytoma", "Effects": ["Hypophosphataemia"], "Parents": ["Haemangioma"]}
,{"Name": "High total thyroxine", "Causes": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Increased thyroid-binding globulin", "Refetoff syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Metoprolol", "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker"], "Treats": ["Heart failure"]}
,{"Name": "Aspergillus niger", "Effects": ["Black tongue"], "Parents": ["Aspergillus"]}
,{"Name": "Periostitis", "Causes": ["Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy", "Congenital syphilis", "Pachydermoperiostosis", "Secondary syphilis"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Midazolam", "Synonyms": ["Imidazobenzodiazepine"], "Parents": ["Benzodiazepine"]}
,{"Name": "Keratin removal", "Treats": ["Corn"]}
,{"Name": "Contractures", "Causes": ["Prolonged immobilisation", "Congenital muscular dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Generalised seizure", "Causes": ["Eclampsia"], "Effects": ["Post-ictal state"], "Parents": ["Seizure", "Loss of consciousness"], "Children": ["Grand mal"], "Treatments": ["Valproate"]}
,{"Name": "Polyuria", "Causes": ["Excessive fluid intake", "Impaired concentrating ability", "Bartter syndrome", "Fanconi syndrome"], "Effects": ["Urinary frequency"], "Parents": ["Genito-urinary symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Pierre Robin syndrome", "Effects": ["Micrognathia", "Cleft palate", "Glossoptosis"], "Parents": ["Craniofacial syndromes"], "Description": ["\"Unknown aetiology\""]}
,{"Name": "Early menarche", "Effects": ["Carcinoma of endometrium", "Carcinoma of breast"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Cefalexin", "Parents": ["Cephalosporin"]}
,{"Name": "Fukuyama muscular dystrophy", "Parents": ["Congenital muscular dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Sickle cell trait", "Causes": ["Sickle cell anaemia"], "Effects": ["Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "Low glycated haemoglobin"]}
,{"Name": "Weight gain", "Synonyms": ["Increase in weight"], "Causes": ["Hypothyroidism", "Valproate", "Post menopause", "Pre-eclampsia", "Corticosteroid", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Tricyclic antidepressant"], "Effects": ["Obesity"]}
,{"Name": "Mood stabiliser", "Parents": ["Psychiatric drug"], "Children": ["Valproate", "Lithium", "Carbamazepine", "Topiramate"], "Treats": ["Bipolar disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Embolisation", "Treats": ["Renal cell carcinoma"], "Treatments": ["Varicocele"]}
,{"Name": "Oculogyric crisis", "Causes": ["Neuroleptic drug", "Midbrain lesion"], "Effects": ["Opisthotonus"]}
,{"Name": "Simian palmar crease", "Synonyms": ["Single palmar crease"], "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Cri-du-chat syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Clot crossing suture lines", "Causes": ["Subdural haematoma"], "Parents": ["Brain MRI sign"]}
,{"Name": "Extracapsular extraction of lens", "Parents": ["Ophthalmological surgery"], "Treats": ["Acquired cataract"], "Description": ["\"Removing the lens manually", "but leaving the majority of the capsule intact.\nThe lens is expressed through a 10\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd12 mm incision which is closed with sutures at the end of surgery. \nUsed when dealing with very hard cataracts or other situations where emulsification is problemation.\""]}
,{"Name": "Primary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Causes": ["Minimal change glomerulonephritis", "Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Proliferative glomerulonephritis"], "Parents": ["Nephrotic syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Outlook for most children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is excellent", "with good response to steroids.\n\n70% have a relapse\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Syndesmophyte", "Synonyms": ["Calcification of annulus fibrosus"], "Causes": ["Ankylosing spondylitis", "Osteoarthritis"], "Parents": ["Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Macular degeneration", "Synonyms": ["Maculopathy"], "Causes": ["Old age", "Chloroquine", "Thioridazine", "Chlorpromazine", "Toxoplasmosis", "Xeroderma pigmentosa"], "Effects": ["Central scotoma", "Desaturation", "Macular hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Metolazone", "Parents": ["Thiazide"]}
,{"Name": "Tall stature", "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Gigantism", "Neurofibromatosis I", "Precocious puberty", "21-hydroxylase deficiency", "Increased androgen secretion", "McCune Albright syndrome", "Thyrotoxicosis", "XYY syndrome"], "Parents": ["Stature"], "Description": ["\"Rx octreotide; oestrogen or testosterone to help fuse epiphyses\""]}
,{"Name": "High aspartate aminotransferase", "Synonyms": ["High AST"], "Causes": ["Cholestasis", "Myocardial infarction", "Alcoholic liver disease", "Acute hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Elevated liver enzymes"]}
,{"Name": "Sick cell syndrome", "Causes": ["Severe illness"], "Effects": ["Inappropriate ADH secretion"], "Description": ["\"Set point for ADH osmolarity reduces from 286 to 275\""]}
,{"Name": "Beta thalassaemia major", "Synonyms": ["Homozygous beta thalassaemia"], "Effects": ["Intravascular haemolysis", "Basophilic stippling"], "Parents": ["Beta thalassaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome", "Effects": ["Small bowel polyp", "Diarrhoea", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Alopecia", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"]}
,{"Name": "Wire-loop appearance of membrane", "Causes": ["Lupus nephropathy"], "Parents": ["Kidney biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Blue lunnula", "Synonyms": ["Blue lunula"], "Causes": ["Wilson's disease"], "Parents": ["Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hearing aid", "Treats": ["Sensorineural deafness"]}
,{"Name": "Overvalued idea", "Causes": ["Delusion", "Personality disorder"], "Parents": ["Altered thought content"]}
,{"Name": "Urge incontinence", "Causes": ["Detrusor instability", "Neurogenic bladder"], "Parents": ["Urinary incontinence"]}
,{"Name": "Knights move", "Synonyms": ["Knight's move thinking"], "Parents": ["Disconnected thought"]}
,{"Name": "Loss of libido", "Synonyms": ["Decreased sexual drive", "Decreased libido"], "Causes": ["Depression", "Klinefelter syndrome", "Hypogonadism", "Low testosterone"], "Parents": ["Sexual dysfunction"]}
,{"Name": "Renal infection", "Synonyms": ["Kidney infection"], "Effects": ["Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Prominent JVP a-wave", "Causes": ["Major pulmonary embolus"], "Parents": ["Jugular venous pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Low growth hormone", "Synonyms": ["Growth hormone deficiency", "Low GH"], "Causes": ["Panhypopituitarism"], "Effects": ["Dwarfism", "Hypoglycaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Murmur", "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"], "Children": ["Systolic murmur", "Diastolic murmur", "Continuous murmur"]}
,{"Name": "Poisonous mushroom", "Effects": ["Ginka alkaloid"], "Parents": ["Food"]}
,{"Name": "Long PR interval", "Synonyms": ["Prolonged PR interval"], "Causes": ["First degree atrioventricular block", "Hypokalaemia", "Mobitz type II heart block"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Description": ["\">0.2 s\""]}
,{"Name": "Mediastinal carcinomatosis", "Causes": ["Local infiltration of lung cancer"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary lymphatic blockage"]}
,{"Name": "Middle meningeal artery rupture", "Causes": ["Head injury"], "Effects": ["Extradural haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Vascular malformations", "Parents": ["Congenital malformation"], "Children": ["Haemangioma", "Port wine stain", "Arteriovenous malformation", "Lymphangioma", "Combined Vascular Malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Hypertensive encephalopathy", "Causes": ["Malignant hypertension", "Eclampsia", "Antihypertensive withdrawal", "Acute nephritic syndrome"], "Effects": ["Seizure", "Stupor", "Coma", "Acute headache"], "Parents": ["Encephalopathy"], "Description": ["\"Autoregulation of cerebral circulation fails causing cerebral oedema:\n? vasospasm  theory\n? vasodilation theory\""]}
,{"Name": "Chronic B-cell leukaemia", "Parents": ["Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"], "Treatments": ["Alemtuzumab"]}
,{"Name": "Amino-aciduria", "Causes": ["GRACILE syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin A deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Xerophthalmia"], "Causes": ["Fat soluble vitamin deficiency", "Anderson triad"], "Effects": ["Night blindness", "Keratomalacia", "Corneal opacity", "Dry eye", "Bitot spot"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"], "Children": ["Charcot's neurological triad"]}
,{"Name": "Infantile spasms", "Causes": ["West syndrome"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign", "Paediatric sign"]}
,{"Name": "Antithymocyte immunoglobulin", "Synonyms": ["Anti-T-cell immunoglobulin", "Antithymocyte globulin", "Anti-thymocyte Ig"], "Parents": ["Intravenous immunoglobulin"], "Treats": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Aplastic anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Choroiditis", "Synonyms": ["Retinochoroiditis", "Choroidoretinitis", "Salt-and-pepper fundus", "Salt and pepper fundus", "Chorioretinitis"], "Causes": ["Posterior uveitis"], "Effects": ["Tunnel vision"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"], "Description": ["\"White with pigmented edges\""]}
,{"Name": "Chelating agent", "Parents": ["Metabolic drug"], "Children": ["Penicillamine", "Desferrioxamine", "Dimercaptosuccinic acid", "Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid"]}
,{"Name": "Salbutamol", "Effects": ["Hypokalaemia"], "Parents": ["Beta adrenoceptor agonist"], "Treats": ["Asthma", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Status asthmaticus"]}
,{"Name": "Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis", "Synonyms": ["Bickerstaff's encephalitis", "Bickerstaff syndrome"], "Causes": ["Anti-GQ1b antibody"], "Effects": ["Pontine lesion", "Bulbar palsy", "Brainstem syndrome"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Cutaneous drug", "Effects": ["Skin irritation"]}
,{"Name": "Genetic hypercoagulable state", "Synonyms": ["Thrombophilia"], "Causes": ["Factor V mutation", "Antithrombin III deficiency", "Fibrinolysis defect", "Cystathione beta-synthase deficiency", "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency", "Homocysteinaemia", "Prothrombin 20210A"], "Parents": ["Hypercoagulable state"]}
,{"Name": "Bone pain", "Causes": ["Fracture", "Acute Osteomyelitis", "Septic arthritis", "Osteosarcoma", "Bone metastasis", "Myeloma", "Paget disease", "Metabolic bone disease", "Bone marrow infiltration", "Bone necrosis"], "Parents": ["Pain", "Orthopaedic symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Acute intravascular haemolysis", "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Parents": ["Intravascular haemolysis"]}
,{"Name": "Childhood infections", "Synonyms": ["Infections of childhood", "Paediatric infections"], "Causes": [], "}\r\n\tParents": ["Acquired childhood disease"], "Children": ["Impetigo", "Influenza virus", "Chickenpox", "Giardiasis", "Molluscum contagiosum", "Rubella", "Pediculosis capitis", "Mumps", "Cold sore", "Croup", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Infectious mononucleosis", "Hand Foot and Mouth disease", "Slapped cheek syndrome", "Epiglottitis", "Pertussis", "Tonsillitis", "Bacterial meningitis", "Infective gastroenteritis", "Scabies", "Ringworm infection"]}
,{"Name": "Reye syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Reye's syndrome"], "Causes": ["Aspirin", "Varicella zoster virus"], "Effects": ["Cerebral oedema", "Fulminant liver failure", "Stupor", "Steatosis", "Acute pancreatitis"], "Description": ["\"30% mortality\nMay be associated with inborn errors of metabolism\""]}
,{"Name": "DMSO", "Treats": ["Interstitial cystitis"]}
,{"Name": "Hand nodule", "Causes": ["Ganglion", "Epidermal cysts", "Heberden node", "Bouchard node", "Osler node", "Rheumatoid nodule", "Gottron papules", "Neurofibroma", "Tophus", "Tendon xanthoma"], "Parents": ["Lump"]}
,{"Name": "Ulnar deviation", "Causes": ["Rheumatoid arthritis"], "Parents": ["Acquired limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Schistosomiasis", "Synonyms": ["Bilharziosis", "Bilharzia"], "Causes": ["Travel"], "Effects": ["Splenic response to infection", "Hepatomegaly", "Katayama fever", "Swimmers' itch", "Squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Ureteric obstruction", "Transverse myelitis", "Chronic liver disease", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension"], "Parents": ["Trematode", "Zoonosis"], "Children": ["Schistosomia haematobium", "Schistosomia japonicum", "Schistosoma mansoni"], "Treatments": ["Praziquantel", "Prophylactic immunisation"], "Description": ["\"Worm from aquatic snail\nportal vein into viscera\nRx Praziquantel\""]}
,{"Name": "Aortic bypass", "Effects": ["Peripheral infarct", "Compartment syndrome"], "Parents": ["Vascular surgery"], "Treats": ["Peripheral vascular disease"]}
,{"Name": "Gynaecology", "Children": ["Gynaecological surgery", "Gynaecological infection", "Gynaecological symptom", "Gynaecological disease", "Gynaecological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Treponemal infection", "Synonyms": ["Treponema infection"], "Effects": ["Invisibility on gram stain", "Syphilis"], "Parents": ["Spirochaete infection"], "Children": ["Syphilis", "Yaws", "Bejel", "Pinta"]}
,{"Name": "Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy", "Synonyms": ["PGL"], "Causes": ["Human immunodeficiency virus"], "Parents": ["Lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Phantosmia", "Synonyms": ["Olfactory hallucination"], "Causes": ["Temporal lobe epilepsy", "Head injury", "Aura"], "Effects": ["Cacosmia"]}
,{"Name": "Absent apex beat", "Causes": ["Pericardial effusion", "Emphysema", "Dextrocardia"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign"]}
,{"Name": "Right atrial hypertrophy", "Synonyms": ["Right atrium dilatation", "Right atrial enlargement"], "Causes": ["Major pulmonary embolus", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Tricuspid stenosis", "Pulmonary hypertension", "Ebstein anomaly"], "Effects": ["P pulmonale"], "Parents": ["Echocardiography sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cold weather", "Effects": ["Livedo reticularis", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Chilblains", "Migraine", "Non-immunological urticaria"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Treatments": ["Hot water bottle"]}
,{"Name": "Indinavir", "Effects": ["Renal calculi"], "Parents": ["Protease inhibitor"], "Description": ["\"Precipitates in renal tubules in 30%\""]}
,{"Name": "Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis", "Effects": ["Granuloma inguinale"], "Parents": ["Bacterial infection"]}
,{"Name": "Bleeding of oral mucosa", "Causes": ["Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "Oropharyngeal anthrax"]}
,{"Name": "Systolic murmur radiating to back", "Parents": ["Systolic murmur"], "Children": ["Coarctation of the aorta", "Pulmonary stenosis", "Patent ductus arteriosus"]}
,{"Name": "Gold", "Synonyms": ["Au"], "Effects": ["Drug toxic to lung", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Lichen planus", "Eosinophilia", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease", "Bowel irritation by drug"], "Parents": ["Disease modifying antirheumatic drug"], "Treats": ["Rheumatoid arthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Mitral stenosis", "Causes": ["Rheumatic fever", "Old age", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Rheumatoid disease", "Carcinoid tumour", "Lutembacher syndrome", "Atrial myxoma", "Cor triatriatum"], "Effects": ["Malar flush", "Palpitation", "Haemoptysis", "Loud first heart sound", "Early opening snap", "Mid-diastolic murmur", "Left atrial hypertrophy", "High pulmonary venous pressure", "Right ventricular failure", "Narrow pulse pressure", "Late diastolic murmur", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension"], "Parents": ["Valvular heart disease"], "Children": ["Severe mitral stenosis"], "Description": ["\"99% Rhuematic Fever\nMVR if pulmonary hypertension", "symptomatic pulmonary congestion", "haemoptysis", "embolic phenomena\n\nthe most common valvular heart disease in pregnancy\""]}
,{"Name": "Vulval pain", "Causes": ["Bartholin's gland abscess", "Introital damage"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom", "Pain"]}
,{"Name": "Lag storage curve", "Causes": ["Chronic liver disease", "Gastrectomy", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Impaired glucose tolerance"], "Parents": ["Hyperglycaemia"], "Description": ["\"Rapid rise in sugar following ingestion", "but falling rapidly to baseline.\""]}
,{"Name": "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Causes": ["Metastasis", "Infectious mononucleosis", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Lymphoma", "Cat scratch fever", "Secondary syphilis", "Felty syndrome", "Trypanosoma brucei", "River blindness", "Brucellosis", "Tularemia", "Lyme disease", "Rickettsia", "Bubonic plague", "Rheumatoid disease", "Lipoidosis", "Phenytoin", "Sezary syndrome", "Langerhans cell histiocytosis", "Whipple's disease", "Still disease", "Bacterial infection"], "Parents": ["Lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Streptococcus", "Effects": ["Psoriasis"], "Parents": ["Gram positive coccus"], "Children": ["Alpha haemolytic streptococcus", "Beta haemolytic streptococcus", "Gamma haemolytic streptococcus", "Streptococcus bovis"]}
,{"Name": "Aledronate", "Synonyms": ["Zometa"], "Effects": ["Oral ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral oedema", "Causes": ["Cerebral infarction", "Hyponatraemia", "Reye syndrome"], "Effects": ["Raised intracranial pressure", "Seizure"], "Parents": ["Cerebral pathology"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Cheyne-Stokes respiration", "Causes": ["Coning of medulla", "Brain stem lesion", "Narcotic"], "Effects": ["Apnoea"], "Parents": ["Respiratory sign"], "Description": ["\"Breathing becomes progressively deeper and then shallower\""]}
,{"Name": "Anti-helminthic drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Mebendazole", "Levamisole", "Ivermectin", "Praziquantel", "Diethylcarbamazine"]}
,{"Name": "Premature arthropathy", "Causes": [], "}\r\n\tParents": ["Arthropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchioalveolar carcinoma", "Causes": ["Non-smoker", "Female gender", "Asian origin", "Li-Fraumeni syndrome"], "Parents": ["Bronchial carcinoma"], "Treatments": ["Pneumonectomy", "Cisplatin"], "Description": ["\"Develops in small alveoli \nIn outer regions of the lungs. \n\nSpreads along interalveloar septum \nUnlike other forms of lung cancer", "it spreads primarily within the lungs. \n\nWith surgery: \n5-year survival for Stage 1 &  2 = 100% \n5-year survival for stage 3 & 4 = 60%.\n \n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Folic acid malabsorption", "Synonyms": ["Reduced folate absorption", "Impaired folic acid absorption"], "Causes": ["Sprue", "Malabsorption state", "Diffuse intestinal disease", "Alcoholism", "Oral contraceptive pill", "Carbamazepine", "Phenytoin", "Valproate", "Tropical sprue"], "Effects": ["Folic acid deficiency"], "Description": ["\"Duodenal and jejunal absorption\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Succinimide", "Parents": ["Anticonvulsant drug"], "Children": ["Ethosuximide"]}
,{"Name": "Right to left shunt", "Synonyms": ["Right-to-left shunt"], "Causes": ["Eisenmenger syndrome", "Tetralogy of Fallot", "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation"], "Effects": ["Hypoxaemia", "Paradoxical embolus", "Decreased KCO", "Platypnoea"], "Parents": ["Shunt"]}
,{"Name": "Bulging tympanic membrane", "Causes": ["Acute otitis media"]}
,{"Name": "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Synonyms": ["Occult GI bleed", "Upper GI bleed", "Occult gastrointestinal bleed"], "Causes": ["Ruptured oesophageal varices", "Mallory-Weiss tear", "Barrett's oesophagus", "Peptic ulcer", "Gastritis", "Stress ulcer", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Menetrier disease", "Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Intussusception", "Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia", "Gastric antral vascular ectasia", "Typhoid fever", "Dieulafoy lesion", "Strongyloides stercoralis", "Intestinal anthrax", "Peutz-Jegher syndrome"], "Effects": ["Haematemesis", "Melaena"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal haemorrhage", "Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy"], "Treatments": ["Omeprazole"]}
,{"Name": "Sauna", "Effects": ["Hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Androgenic alopecia", "Synonyms": ["Male pattern baldness"], "Effects": ["Non-scarring alopecia", "Frontal balding"], "Treatments": ["Finasteride"]}
,{"Name": "ST elevation", "Synonyms": ["ST-segment elevation"], "Causes": ["Prinzmetal angina", "ST-elevation myocardial infarction"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Nerve injury", "Causes": ["Long bone fracture", "Soft tissue injury"]}
,{"Name": "Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Synonyms": ["Pneumocystis cariniae pneumonia", "PCP", "Pneumocystis jiroveci"], "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Kidney transplant"], "Effects": ["Diffuse pulmonary infection", "Atypical pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Opportunistic infection"], "Treatments": ["Trimethoprim", "Sulphamethoxazole", "Pentamidine", "Dapsone", "Clindamycin", "Primaquine", "Atovaquone"]}
,{"Name": "X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease", "Parents": ["Congenital metabolic disease", "X-linked recessive disorder"], "Children": ["Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency", "Lesch Nyhan syndrome", "Lowe syndrome", "Dent syndrome", "Menke syndrome", "Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome", "Fabry disease", "Hunter syndrome", "Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity"]}
,{"Name": "Urticaria pigmentosa", "Causes": ["Systemic mastocytosis"], "Effects": ["Darier's sign", "Telangiectasia", "Koebner phenomenon", "Non-immunological urticaria", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Description": ["\"Triggers:\n Aspirin\n NSAIDS\n Heat\""]}
,{"Name": "Leukoerythroblastosis", "Synonyms": ["leuko-erythroblastic blood film", "Leukoerythroblastic blood film", "Leucoerythroblastic blood picture", "Leukaemoid reaction"], "Causes": ["Septicaemia", "Myelophthisic anaemia", "Neonatal respiratory distress"], "Effects": ["Dohle body", "Left-shift of neutrophils", "Myeloblastosis", "Normoblast", "Myelocyte"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\"In absence of splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy this is termed leukaemoid reaction\""]}
,{"Name": "Positive inotropic effect", "Causes": ["Milrinone", "Digoxin", "Beta adrenoceptor agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Angiographic procedure", "Synonyms": ["Angiography", "Angioplasty", "Vascular interventional radiological procedure"], "Effects": ["Arterial thrombosis", "Arterial embolus", "Iliac artery aneurysm", "Cholesterol embolus", "Retroperitoneal haematoma"], "Parents": ["Investigation", "Radiological procedure"], "Children": ["Arteriogram", "Venogram", "Angioplasty", "Tumour embolisation"], "Treats": ["Myocardial infarction"]}
,{"Name": "Uveitis", "Synonyms": ["Inflammation of uvea", "Inflammation of iris` ciliary body or choroid", "Ophthalmia"], "Causes": ["Ankylosing spondylitis", "Behcet disease", "Whipple's disease", "Sarcoidosis", "HLA-B27", "Brucellosis", "Lyme disease", "Toxoplasmosis", "Leprosy", "Secondary syphilis", "Neurosyphilis", "Congenital syphilis", "Congenital rubella", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Cysticercosis", "Toxocara gondii", "Foerster choroiditis", "Rifabutin", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Weil disease"], "Effects": ["Red eye", "Photophobia", "Clouding of vision", "Optical floater"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Children": ["Anterior uveitis", "Posterior uveitis"], "Treatments": ["Vitrectomy", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Inflammation of the iris", "ciliary body", "and choroid. \""]}
,{"Name": "Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency", "Causes": ["APRT gene mutation"], "Effects": ["High plasma urate", "Renal calculi", "Chronic renal failure"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"impairs conversion of adenine to AMP. \nThus adenine is converted to2", "8-dihydroxyadenine.\n 2", "8-DHA crystallizes in urine", "forming stones renal calculi.\n 2", "8-DHA crystals are brownish in color", "hence affected infants frequently have dark urine stains in their diapers. \n DHA is toxic to kidneys. Hence the decline in kidney function.\""]}
,{"Name": "Low self-esteem", "Synonyms": ["Worthlessness", "Feeling of worthlessness"], "Causes": ["Anorexia nervosa", "Depression"], "Effects": ["Suicidal ideation"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration", "Synonyms": ["PANK2 mutation"], "Parents": ["Neuroacanthocytosis"], "Description": ["\"Chromosome 20p13\""]}
,{"Name": "Alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker", "Synonyms": ["?1 blocker", "Alpha-1 blocker"], "Parents": ["Alpha adrenoceptor blocker", "Vasodilator"], "Children": ["Prazosin", "Indoramin", "Terazosin", "Doxazosin", "Tamsulosin"], "Treats": ["Benign prostatic hypertrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Forceful apex beat", "Causes": ["Left ventricular hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Precordial sign"], "Children": ["Heaving apex", "Thrusting apex"]}
,{"Name": "Rheumatoid nodule", "Causes": ["Rheumatoid disease"], "Effects": ["Round lung shadow", "Subcutaneous nodule", "Cavitating lung lesion", "Hand nodule"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"]}
,{"Name": "Vulval wart", "Parents": ["Vulval infection", "Condyloma accuminata"]}
,{"Name": "Sezary syndrome", "Causes": ["Chronic T-cell leukaemia"], "Effects": ["Sezary cell", "Erythroderma", "Microabscess of Pautrier", "Generalised lymphadenopathy"], "Parents": ["Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma"]}
,{"Name": "Katayama fever", "Synonyms": ["Acute schistosomiasis"], "Causes": ["Schistosomiasis"], "Effects": ["Polyphonic wheeze", "Eosinophilia", "Diarrhoea", "Cough", "Type I hypersensitivity reaction", "Polyarthralgia"], "Parents": ["Type IV hypersensitivity reaction", "Chronic infection"]}
,{"Name": "Rituximab", "Synonyms": ["Rituxan"], "Effects": ["Hypogammaglobulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Monoclonal antibody", "EGFR inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Non-hodgkin lymphoma"], "Description": ["\"targets phosphoprotein CD20 on B lymphocytes.\""]}
,{"Name": "Travel to West Indies", "Effects": ["Tropical sprue"], "Parents": ["Travel"]}
,{"Name": "Bannayan-Zonana syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome"], "Causes": ["PTEN gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Macrocephaly", "Lipoma", "Haemangioma"], "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome"], "Description": ["\"10q23.24\""]}
,{"Name": "Muscle rigidity", "Causes": ["Malignant hyperpyrexia"]}
,{"Name": "Liver granuloma", "Synonyms": ["Hepatic granuloma"], "Causes": ["Miliary tuberculosis", "Brucellosis", "Toxocara gondii", "Crohn's disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Lymphoma", "Berylliosis", "Sulphonamide", "Allopurinol", "Halothane", "Phenylbutazone"], "Parents": ["Liver disease", "Granuloma"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-B58", "Effects": ["Stevens-Johnson syndrome"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Adrenocorticotrophic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma", "Synonyms": ["ACTH-secreting tumour", "Cushing's disease", "ACTH-secreting adenoma", "Adrenocorticotroph adenoma"], "Effects": ["Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion", "Cushing syndrome", "High dexamethasone suppression succeeds"], "Parents": ["Pituitary adenoma"]}
,{"Name": "Omental resection", "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Treats": ["Epithelial ovarian tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Kyphosis", "Causes": ["Ankylosing spondylitis", "Bad posture", "Spondylosis", "Rickets", "Osteoporosis", "Potts disease of the spine", "Scheuermann kyphosis", "Acromegaly", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome VI", "Neurofibromatosis I", "Friedrich ataxia"], "Effects": ["Chronic hypoxia", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Cephalopelvic disproportion"], "Parents": ["Back deformity", "Spine deformity"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-B51", "Effects": ["Behcet disease"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Agoraphobia", "Effects": ["Specific phobia"], "Description": ["\"fear of leaving home or a small familiar 'safe' area\""]}
,{"Name": "Pancreatic calcification", "Causes": ["Chronic pancreatitis"], "Parents": ["Abdominal X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Diphtheric neuropathy", "Causes": ["Diphtheria"], "Effects": ["Palatal weakness", "Pupillary paralysis", "Demyelination of peripheral nerve"]}
,{"Name": "Medulloblastoma", "Causes": ["Turcot syndrome"], "Parents": ["Neurological tumour", "Childhood malignancy"]}
,{"Name": "Ichthyosis", "Synonyms": ["Icthyosis"], "Causes": ["Refsum disease", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Kaposi sarcoma", "Mycosis fungoides", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Myeloma", "Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Dry skin", "Scaly skin"], "Parents": ["Congenital skin disease", "Disorder of keratinsation"], "Children": ["Ichthyosis vulgaris", "Lamellar icthyosis", "X-linked recessive icthyosis", "Harlequin icthyosis"], "Description": ["\"Kertain doesnt shed and accumalates to form scaly plates.\nLatin 'Ichthys' = fish\""]}
,{"Name": "Raised proinsulin", "Causes": ["Hyperinsulinaemia"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Clear cell  carcinoma of ovary", "Parents": ["Epithelial ovarian tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Myomectomy", "Parents": ["Gynaecological surgery"], "Treats": ["Uterine fibroid"]}
,{"Name": "Scarring alopecia", "Causes": ["Discoid lupus erythematosus", "Lichen planus", "Tinea capitis", "Cellulitis", "Irradiation", "Pseudopelade", "Secondary syphilis"], "Parents": ["Alopecia"]}
,{"Name": "Mineralocorticoid", "Synonyms": ["Aldosterone"], "Effects": ["Conn syndrome"], "Parents": ["Corticosteroid"], "Children": ["Fludrocortisone", "Hydrocortisone"], "Treats": ["Dysautonomia"]}
,{"Name": "Osteosarcoma", "Synonyms": ["Bone sarcoma", "Bone cancer", "Carcinoma of bone"], "Causes": ["Paget disease", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"], "Effects": ["Sclerosis of bone", "Bone pain"], "Parents": ["Bone tumour", "Sarcoma", "Childhood malignancy"], "Children": ["Ewing sarcoma"], "Treatments": ["Amputation"], "Description": ["\"Occurs in the metaphyses of long bones. \nAround the knee or shoulder.\nRapidly metastasises to the lung.\n5 yr survival  70%\n\""]}
,{"Name": "High packed cell volume", "Synonyms": ["High PCV"], "Causes": ["High haematocrit"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Schistosomia haematobium", "Effects": ["Haematuria", "Dysuria"], "Parents": ["Schistosomiasis"]}
,{"Name": "Caloric test negative", "Synonyms": ["No caloric response", "No nystagmus to cold water in ear"], "Causes": ["Brainstem death"]}
,{"Name": "Impaired bacterial cell wall synthesis", "Causes": ["Penicillin", "Cephalosporin", "Glycopeptide"]}
,{"Name": "Assisted delivery", "Parents": ["Obstetric procedure"], "Treats": ["Dystocia"], "Treatments": ["Forceps", "Ventouse"]}
,{"Name": "Selenium deficiency", "Synonyms": ["Keshan disease"], "Effects": ["Striated muscle degeneration", "Intravascular haemolysis", "Kashin-Beck disease", "Acquired dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Mineral deficiency", "Acquired metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"Selenium deficiency in combination with Coxsackievirus infection leads to Keshan disease i.e. myocardial .\nSelenium disease combined with Iodine deficiency leads to Kashin- Beck disease i.e cartlage degeneration.\""]}
,{"Name": "Vulvar vestibulitis", "Parents": ["Vulval skin disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Pericarditis", "Causes": ["Coxsackie virus", "Bacterial pericarditis", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Uraemia", "Dressler syndrome", "Collagen vascular disease", "Thoracic trauma", "Malignant infiltration of pericardium", "Hypothyroidism", "Rheumatic fever", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Cryoglobulinaemia", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Behcet disease", "Mediastinitis", "Serositis"], "Effects": ["Pericardial effusion", "Pleuritic chest pain", "Saddle-shaped ST segment", "Pericardial rub", "Pleural rub", "Raised troponin"], "Parents": ["Pericardial disease"], "Children": ["Chronic constrictive pericarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Diving", "Effects": ["Caisson disease", "Barotrauma"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Hypocalcaemia", "Synonyms": ["Low serum calcium", "Low calcium", "Decreased calcium"], "Causes": ["Chronic renal failure", "Vitamin D deficiency", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Acute pancreatitis", "Calcitonin", "Bisphosphonate", "Frusemide", "Multiple transfusion", "Rhabdomyolysis", "HIV-associated nephropathy", "Hungry bone syndrome", "Legionella", "Bartter syndrome", "Uraemia", "Albright's osteodystrophy", "Proton pump inhibitor"], "Effects": ["Anxiety", "Paraesthesia", "Tetany", "Psychosis", "Papilloedema", "Prolonged QT interval", "Secondary hyperparathyroidism", "Osteomalacia", "Lymphoedema"], "Parents": ["Electrolyte imbalance"], "Description": ["\"Hypoalbuminaemia causes apparent hypocalcaemia due to binding.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "HLA-B35", "Effects": ["Hashimoto thyroiditis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Holt-Oram syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Hold-Oram syndrome", "Oram-Hold syndrome", "Hold Oram syndrome"], "Causes": ["TBX5 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Ostium secundum atrial septal defect", "Ventricular septal defect", "Absent radii", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes", "Polydactyly", "Hypoplastic limb"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"TBX5 gene mutation\""]}
,{"Name": "Lytic bone lesion", "Causes": ["Osteolysis"], "Parents": ["Pathological fracture", "Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Enema", "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Ulcerative colitis"]}
,{"Name": "Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve", "Synonyms": ["SAM of mitral valve"], "Causes": ["Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Aortic stenosis"], "Parents": ["Echocardiography sign"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased KCO", "Synonyms": ["Decreased carbon monoxide transfer coefficient", "Low lung transfer factor", "Decreased diffusion coefficient"], "Causes": ["Parenchymal lung disease", "Emphysema", "Anaemia", "Right to left shunt", "Pulmonary embolus", "Pulmonary hypertension", "Carbon monoxide toxicity", "Pulmonary oedema", "Lymphangitis", "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation"], "Parents": ["Decreased lung function"]}
,{"Name": "Paediatric sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Neonatal hypotonia", "Failure to thrive", "Squatting", "Scissoring", "Global developmental delay", "Absent startle reflex", "Neonatal conjunctivitis", "Infantile spasms"]}
,{"Name": "Eversion of ear lobe", "Causes": ["Parotid pleiomorphic adenoma"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Alzheimer disease", "Synonyms": ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer dementia", "Dementia of Alzheimer's type", "DAT"], "Causes": ["Amyloid precursor protein", "Apolipoprotein E4", "Down syndrome", "High aluminium"], "Effects": ["Neurofibrillary tangle", "Hippocampal damage", "Parietal lobe lesion", "Neurological mental disorder"], "Parents": ["Dementia", "Tauopathy"], "Treatments": ["Donepezil", "Aricept", "Weight loss"]}
,{"Name": "Erythropoietin", "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Hormone"], "Treats": ["Sickle cell anaemia", "Chronic renal failure", "Low erythropoietin"]}
,{"Name": "Cushing Ulcer", "Synonyms": ["Rokitansky-Cushing syndrome"], "Effects": ["Gastric acid hypersecretion"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology"], "Description": ["\"Cushing ulcer ( Rokitansky-Cushing syndrome)\n-Gastric ulcercaused by raised intracranial pressure. \n-Stimulation of vagal nuclei leads to increased secretion of gastric \""]}
,{"Name": "Bronchiolitis obliterans with organising pneumonia", "Synonyms": ["BOOP"], "Causes": ["Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity"], "Parents": ["Bronchiolitis obliterans"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperlipidaemia", "Synonyms": ["Frederickson classification of hyperlipoproteinaemia", "WHO classification of hyperlipidaemia"], "Effects": ["Lipiduria", "Xanthelasma", "Bilateral parotid swelling"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"], "Children": ["Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Hypercholesterolaemia", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "Familial combined hyperlipidaemia", "Familial hypercholesterolaemia", "Familial hypertriglyceridaemia", "Dysbetalipopriteinaemia", "Familial hyperalphalipoproteinaemia", "Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Type IV hyperlipidaemia", "Tangier disease", "Sitosterolaemia", "Hyperlipoproteinaemia"], "Treatments": ["Low fat diet"]}
,{"Name": "Orthopnoea", "Synonyms": ["Dyspnoea while lying flat", "Dyspnoea relieved by orthostatism"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary oedema", "Fluid overload", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-B27", "Synonyms": ["HLA B27 association"], "Effects": ["Ankylosing spondylitis", "Reiter's syndrome", "Rheumatoid disease", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Psoriatic arthropathy", "Psoriasis", "Uveitis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Beckers sign", "Causes": ["Hyperdynamic circulation"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"Pulasting retinal vessels\""]}
,{"Name": "Gastrointestinal symptom", "Synonyms": ["GI symptom", "Bowel symptom"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Anorexia", "Dysphagia", "Hiccup", "Heartburn", "Regurgitation", "Abdominal pain", "Bloating", "Abdominal distension", "Nausea and vomiting", "Repeated vomiting", "Projectile Vomiting", "Diarrhoea", "Bloody diarrhoea", "Haematemesis", "Melaena", "Blood in faeces", "Redcurrant jelly stool", "Pus in faeces", "Mucus in stool", "Steatorrhoea", "Tenesmus", "Incomplete evacuation", "Incontinence", "Dysuria", "Satiety", "Hydrophobia", "Lump in throat", "Biliary colic", "Bowel irritation by drug"]}
,{"Name": "Glypressin", "Parents": ["Vasopressin analogue"], "Treats": ["Oesophageal varices"]}
,{"Name": "Thyroid lymphoma", "Causes": ["Hashimoto thyroiditis"], "Effects": ["Raised thyroglobulin"], "Parents": ["Lymphoma", "Carcinoma of thyroid"], "Description": ["\"5% of thyroid cancer\nWomen 55-75 yrs\""]}
,{"Name": "Schulz angina", "Synonyms": ["Neutropenic angina"], "Causes": ["Neutropenia"]}
,{"Name": "Coarse basal crackles", "Causes": ["Bronchiectasis"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary crackles"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-B17", "Effects": ["Psoriasis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Endothelial injury", "Effects": ["Virchow's triad"]}
,{"Name": "Drug", "Effects": ["Type I hypersensitivity reaction"], "Parents": ["Substance", "Medical treatment"], "Children": ["Analgesic drug", "Anti-inflammatory drug", "Antipyretic drug", "Antibiotic", "Antiviral agent", "Anti-fungal agent", "Antimalarial drug", "Anti-helminthic drug", "Anticoagulant drug", "Antifibrinolytic drug", "Antihypertensive drug", "Cardiac drug", "Chemotheraputic drug", "Dermatological drug", "Diuretic", "Endocrine drug", "Gastrointestinal drug", "General anaesthetic", "Immunosuppressant drug", "Intravenous immunoglobulin", "Lipid-lowering drug", "Local anaesthetic", "Metabolic drug", "Monoclonal antibody", "Nervous system drug", "Psychiatric drug", "Respiratory drug", "Rheumatological drug", "Urological drug", "Vascular drug", "Drug nephrotoxicity", "Drug secreted in breast milk", "Drugs influencing anticoagulant therapy", "Drug metabolised by P450 enzymes", "Drug metabolised by N-acetyltransferase", "Abused drug", "Silver sufadiazine", "Teratogenic drug", "Mast cell stabiliser"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-B14", "Effects": ["Primary haemochromatosis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "HLA-B13", "Effects": ["Psoriasis"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Hunter syndrome", "Causes": ["IDS gene mutation"], "Parents": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis", "X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\" deficient  enzyme", "iduronate-2-sulfatase. \n The accumulated substrates in Hunter syndrome are heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate.\""]}
,{"Name": "Urinary tract bleed", "Causes": ["Urinary tract carcinoma"], "Effects": ["Chronic blood loss"]}
,{"Name": "Fanconi anaemia", "Causes": ["Ubiquitin mutation", "FANCA gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia", "Absent radii", "Acute myeloid leukaemia", "Acute monomyelocytic leukaemia", "Congenital deafness", "Short stature", "Microstomia", "Microcephaly", "Mental retardation", "Hypogonadism", "Horseshoe kidney", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Congenital haematological disorder", "Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"Rare autosomal recessive bone marrow hypofunction.\nPancytopenia develops age 5\""]}
,{"Name": "Pneumonectomy", "Causes": ["Bronchial carcinoma", "Tuberculosis", "Mesothelioma", "Thoracic trauma"], "Effects": ["Restrictive pulmonary disease"], "Parents": ["Thoracic surgery"], "Treats": ["Squamous cell carcinoma of lung", "Adenocarcinoma of lung", "Bronchiectasis", "Mesothelioma", "Bronchioalveolar carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphocytosis", "Causes": ["Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia", "Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Pertussis"], "Parents": ["Leukocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Absent red reflex", "Causes": ["Cataract", "Posterior vitreous detachment", "Vitreous haemorrhage", "Corneal opacity"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperreflexia", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis", "Angelman syndrome", "Hepatic encephalopathy", "Minamata disease"], "Effects": ["Babinski sign positive", "Pout reflex"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"]}
,{"Name": "Pyloromyotomy", "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Treats": ["Congenital pyloric stenosis"]}
,{"Name": "Fibrinogen", "Causes": ["Elevated serum acute phase proteins"]}
,{"Name": "Heavy metal", "Synonyms": ["Pb"], "Effects": ["Tubulointerstitial nephritis"], "Parents": ["Chemical"], "Children": ["Lead poisoning", "Cadmium", "Pentavalent antimony", "Mercury"]}
,{"Name": "Urinary frequency", "Causes": ["Polyuria", "Irritable bowel syndrome", "Uterine fibroid", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Detrusor instability", "Interstitial cystitis"], "Parents": ["Lower urinary tract symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Thioridazine", "Effects": ["Prolonged QT interval", "Macular degeneration"], "Parents": ["Neuroleptic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Mycoplasma hominis", "Effects": ["Bacterial Vaginosis"], "Parents": ["Mycoplasmal infection"]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial infection", "Synonyms": ["Bacterium", "Prokaryotic infection", "Prokaryote organism"], "Causes": ["Neutropenia"], "Effects": ["Sickle cell crisis", "Tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Generalised lymphadenopathy"], "Parents": ["Infectious disease", "Inflammatory disease"], "Children": ["Gram negative bacillus", "Gram positive bacillus", "Gram negative coccus", "Gram positive coccus", "Mycobacterial infection", "Mycoplasmataceae infection", "Anaerobe", "Capsulated organism", "Obligate intracellular prokaryote", "Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis"]}
,{"Name": "Cricopharyngeal myotomy", "Parents": ["Neck surgery"], "Treats": ["Pharyngeal pouch"]}
,{"Name": "Corticotropin releasing factor secretion", "Synonyms": ["CRF secretion", "Corticotrophin releasing hormone secretion", "CRH secretion"], "Causes": ["Neuroendocrine tumour"], "Effects": ["Increased ACTH"]}
,{"Name": "Epidermolysis", "Causes": ["Scalded skin syndrome", "Toxic epidermal necrolysis"], "Parents": ["Rash"]}
,{"Name": "Ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy", "Causes": ["Myocardial ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Dilated cardiomyopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Pes planus", "Synonyms": ["Flat foot"], "Parents": ["Foot sign"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital renal malformation", "Effects": ["Hydronephrosis", "Pelviureteric junction obstruction", "Calyceal clubbing"], "Parents": ["Congenital renal disease", "Congenital malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Excision", "Parents": ["General Surgery"], "Treats": ["Human papilloma virus", "Tumour", "Lipoma", "Laryngocoele", "Chalazion", "Pterygium of the eye"]}
,{"Name": "Patent foramen ovale", "Effects": ["Paradoxical embolus"], "Parents": ["Atrial septal defect"]}
,{"Name": "Waardenburg syndrome", "Causes": ["EDN3 gene mutation", "PAX3 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Sensorineural deafness"], "Parents": ["Ocular albinism"], "Description": ["\"Different colored eyes", "such as one blue eye and one brown eye.\nDistinctive hair coloring such as a patch of white hair. \""]}
,{"Name": "Radiotherapy", "Synonyms": ["RadioTx", "Radiation therapy", "DXRT"], "Effects": ["Irradiation"], "Parents": ["Oncological Therapy"], "Children": ["Radioiodine therapy", "Brachytherapy", "Pelvic irradiation"], "Treats": ["Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Craniopharyngioma", "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Anaplastic thyroid cancer", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Carcinoma of breast", "Cervical cancer", "Carcinoma of endometrium", "Prostate cancer", "Seminoma", "Squamous cell skin cancer", "Basal cell carcinoma", "Malignant melanoma", "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia", "Pathological fracture", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Proptosis", "Kaposi sarcoma", "Acromegaly", "Mycosis fungoides", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract"]}
,{"Name": "Arteriosclerosis of basal ganglia", "Synonyms": ["Striatal arteriosclerosis"], "Effects": ["Parkinsonism", "Dystonia"], "Parents": ["CT sign"]}
,{"Name": "Dissociated sensory loss", "Causes": ["Syringomyelia", "Anterior spinal artery occlusion", "Small fibre neuropathy", "Tangier disease"], "Effects": ["Loss of pinprick sensation"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Torsades de pointes", "Synonyms": ["polymorphic ventricular tachycardia"], "Causes": ["Prolonged QT interval"], "Parents": ["Cardiac arrhythmia", "Ventricular tachycardia", "Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Treatments": ["Magnesium sulfate"], "Description": ["\"Torsades de pointes= \"twisting of the spikes\" \nA feature of the ECG\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Galactorrhoea", "Causes": ["Hyperprolactinaemia"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom"], "Description": ["\"Non-puerperal expression of milk\nRx bromocriptine\""]}
,{"Name": "Greasy yellow papules", "Causes": ["Darier disease"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Description": ["\"Around sebaceous glands\""]}
,{"Name": "HPRT1 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Lesch Nyhan syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus  Xq26.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Phosphorus-32", "Synonyms": ["32-P"], "Effects": ["Leukaemia"], "Parents": ["Chemical", "Carcinogen"], "Treats": ["Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Essential thrombocythaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Hydroxychloroquine", "Effects": ["Selective IgA deficiency", "Cornea verticillata"], "Parents": ["Antimalarial drug", "Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Cutaneous sarcoidosis", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Whipple's disease"]}
,{"Name": "Aseptic meningitis", "Synonyms": ["Lymphocytic meningitis"], "Effects": ["Lymphocytic cerebrospinal fluid", "Elevated protein in CSF"], "Parents": ["Meningitis"], "Children": ["Bacterial lymphocytic meningitis", "Viral meningitis", "Fungal meningitis", "Noninfective meningitis", "Lymphocytic meningoradiculitis", "Parasitic meningitis"], "Description": ["\"i.e. Unable to grow bacterium from CSF.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Very broad spectrum antibiotic", "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Children": ["Piperacillin", "Ticarcillin", "Imipenem", "Meropenem"]}
,{"Name": "Bloating", "Synonyms": ["Bloated abdomen"], "Causes": ["Abdominal distension", "Metformin", "Coeliac disease", "Irritable bowel syndrome"], "Effects": ["Satiety"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Beta-chemokine", "Synonyms": ["B-chemokine"], "Effects": ["Monocyte activation", "Lymphocyte chemotaxis"], "Parents": ["Cytokine"]}
,{"Name": "Millard-Gubler syndrome", "Effects": ["Facial nerve palsy", "Contralateral hemiplegia"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Pontine lesion\""]}
,{"Name": "Desmoid tumours", "Causes": ["Gardener's syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Aortic dissection", "Synonyms": ["Dissection"], "Causes": ["Aortic aneurysm", "Marfan syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome", "Relapsing polychondritis", "Coarctation of the aorta", "Pregnancy", "African origin"], "Effects": ["Aortic regurgitation", "Arterial thrombosis", "Radiofemoral delay", "Interscapular chest pain", "Coronary artery disease", "Sudden fall in blood pressure", "Acute kidney injury", "Pericardial rub", "Arterial embolus"], "Treatments": ["Aortic aneurysm repair"], "Description": ["\"50% mortality in 5 days\n90% mortality in 6 months\""]}
,{"Name": "Orange tonsils", "Synonyms": ["Yellow tonsils"], "Causes": ["Tangier disease"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cloudy urine", "Causes": ["Sterile pyuria", "Pyuria"], "Parents": ["Urine sign"]}
,{"Name": "Spontaneous intracranial hypotension", "Synonyms": ["SIH"], "Causes": ["Head injury", "Spinal trauma", "Genetic collagen disease"], "Effects": ["Low intracranial pressure", "Pulsatile tinnitus", "Vertigo"]}
,{"Name": "Vascular malformation of brain", "Effects": ["Intracranial space occupying lesion"], "Parents": ["Vascular pathology"], "Children": ["Cavernous haemangioma", "Capillary telagiectasia", "Berry aneurysm", "Caroticocavernous fistula", "Cerebral arteriovenous malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Teicoplanin", "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Treats": ["Staphylococcus aureus"]}
,{"Name": "Bloody diarrhoea", "Causes": ["Diarrhoea", "Dysentery", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom", "Diarrhoea"]}
,{"Name": "Behcet triad", "Synonyms": ["Behcet's triad"], "Causes": ["Behcet disease"], "Effects": ["Oral ulcer", "Genital ulcer", "Iridocyclitis"]}
,{"Name": "Kayser-Fleischer ring", "Synonyms": ["Copper deposit in Descemet's membrane"], "Causes": ["Wilson's disease", "Cholestasis", "Primary biliary cirrhosis"], "Parents": ["Corneal sign"], "Description": ["\"dark rings that encircle the iris of the eye. \ndue to copper deposition in part of the cornea\""]}
,{"Name": "Fusion beats", "Causes": ["Ventricular tachycardia", "Ventricular extrasystole"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Raised pyruvate", "Synonyms": ["Raised pyruvic acid", "Pyruvic acidosis"], "Causes": ["Thiamine deficiency"], "Effects": ["Increased H ion production"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Atypical pneumonia", "Causes": ["Chlamydia trachomatis infection", "Chlamydia pneumoniae", "Cryptococcus neoformans", "Herpes simplex virus", "Nocardia", "Candida albicans", "Mycoplasmal pneumonia", "Mycobacterial infection", "Cytomegalovirus", "Pneumocystis pneumonia", "Klebsiella", "Coccidioides immitis", "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis", "Tularemia", "Toxoplasmosis", "Q-fever", "Legionella", "Psittacosis"], "Effects": ["Pulmonary microvascular injury", "Interstitial pneumonitis", "Diffuse pulmonary infection"], "Parents": ["Pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Nephropathic hereditary cystinosis", "Effects": ["Hereditary Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cystinosis"], "Treatments": ["Cysteamine"]}
,{"Name": "Cardioversion", "Synonyms": ["Restoration of sinus rhythm"], "Parents": ["Cardiological procedure"], "Children": ["Chemical cardioversion", "Electrical shock"], "Description": ["\"AF can be cardioverted if onset < 48 hrs", "and left atrial size < 4.5 cm\""]}
,{"Name": "Diphtheric myocarditis", "Effects": ["First degree atrioventricular block"], "Parents": ["Myocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts", "Synonyms": ["RARS", "Acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia", "AISA"], "Effects": ["Ringed sideroblast"], "Parents": ["Myelodysplastic syndrome"], "Description": ["\"<5% blasts in marrow\n>15% ringed sideroblasts\""]}
,{"Name": "Intravenous fluid", "Synonyms": ["IV fluids", "IVI", "Intravenous drip", "Fluid replacement"], "Effects": ["Iatrogenic fluid overload", "Air embolus"], "Parents": ["Medical treatment"], "Children": ["Human albumin solution", "Blood transfusion", "Intravenous bicarbonate"], "Treats": ["Acute blood loss", "Dehydration", "Hypercalcaemia", "Sickle cell crisis", "Hyperemesis gravidarum", "Bowel perforation", "Bowel obstruction", "Ischaemic colitis", "Pelvic fracture", "Burn", "Acute pancreatitis", "Adrenal crisis", "Adrenocortical insufficiency"]}
,{"Name": "X-linked tubular myopathy", "Causes": ["Male gender", "MTM1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Large head", "High arched palate", "Inability to walk", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder", "Congenital myopathy"], "Description": ["\"MTM1 gene provides instructions for producing an enzyme called myotubularin. \nMyotubularin  involved in the development and maintenance of muscle cells.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Seronegative spondyloarthritis", "Synonyms": ["Seronegative spondyloarthropathy", "Seronegative arthropathy"], "Effects": ["Sacroiliitis", "Enthesitis", "Aortic regurgitation", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Autoimmune conjunctivitis"], "Parents": ["Arthritis"], "Children": ["Ankylosing spondylitis", "Inflammatory bowel associated arthritis", "Psoriatic arthropathy", "Reiter's syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Urethritis", "Causes": ["Gonorrhoea", "Reiter's syndrome", "Ureaplasma urealyticum", "Mycoplasma genitalium"]}
,{"Name": "Aminopyrine", "Effects": ["Drug induced agranulocytosis"]}
,{"Name": "Polyarthralgia", "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura", "Lyme disease", "Dengue fever", "Loefgren syndrome", "Blau syndrome", "Kawasaki disease", "Katayama fever"], "Parents": ["Arthralgia"]}
,{"Name": "White oral plaque", "Synonyms": ["White oral lesion"], "Causes": ["Hairy leukoplakia", "Lichen planus", "Oral candidiasis"], "Parents": ["Mouth sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatitis virus", "Effects": ["Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Viral infection"], "Children": ["Hepatitis A", "Hepatitis B", "Hepatitis C", "Hepatitis D", "Hepatitis E"]}
,{"Name": "Paracetamol", "Effects": ["Acute hepatitis", "Fulminant liver failure", "N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone-imine", "Secondary headache", "Elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid"], "Parents": ["Analgesic drug", "Antipyretic drug", "Anti-migraine drug"], "Treats": ["Tonsillitis"]}
,{"Name": "St. Anthony's fire", "Causes": ["Ergot alkaloid"], "Effects": ["Increased vascular tone", "Peripheral gangrene", "Hallucination"], "Description": ["\"Named after monks of the Order of St. Anthony who were particularly successful at treating ergotism.\n\nSt. Antnonys fire may also refer to ersipelas\""]}
,{"Name": "Adenocarcinoma", "Parents": ["Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Small bowel tumour"], "Treatments": ["Radical Cystectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Pyromania", "Synonyms": ["Impulsive fire-starting"], "Parents": ["Impulse control disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Fenfluramine", "Synonyms": ["Phenfluoramine"], "Effects": ["Anorexia", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension"], "Parents": ["Appetite suppressant"], "Treats": ["Obesity"]}
,{"Name": "Type II chronic active hepatitis", "Synonyms": ["Type 2 chronic active hepatitis", "Type II CAH"], "Causes": ["Anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibody"], "Parents": ["Chronic active hepatitis"], "Description": ["\"Affects children\""]}
,{"Name": "Rouleaux", "Causes": ["Myeloma", "Raised ESR"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Pleuritic chest pain", "Synonyms": ["Pleurisy"], "Causes": ["Musculoskeletal chest pain", "Pleural effusion", "Pulmonary embolus", "Pneumothorax", "Pulmonary haemorrhage", "Pulmonary infarct", "Serositis", "Pericarditis", "Pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Chest pain", "Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Question mark posture", "Synonyms": ["?-posture", "?-spine", "Question-mark spine", "Stooped posture"], "Causes": ["Ankylosing spondylitis"], "Parents": ["Observation sign"]}
,{"Name": "Viral meningitis", "Causes": ["Mumps", "Measles", "Poliovirus", "Echovirus", "Coxsackie virus", "Enterovirus", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Epstein Barr virus", "Cytomegalovirus", "Herpes simplex virus", "HIV seroconversion illness", "Infectious mononucleosis", "West Nile fever", "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis"], "Effects": ["Low CSF glucose", "Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Aseptic meningitis"], "Children": ["Mollaret's meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Scoliosis", "Causes": ["Marfan syndrome", "Friedrich ataxia", "Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome", "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "Myxoid degeneration", "Rett syndrome", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia", "Cat eye syndrome", "Klippel-Feil syndrome"], "Effects": ["Chronic hypoxia", "Neuromuscular hypoventilation", "Cephalopelvic disproportion", "Nerve root lesion"], "Parents": ["Back deformity", "Spine deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Sympathomimetic", "Effects": ["Bronchodilation", "Sinus tachycardia", "Decreased gut motility", "Anorexia", "Dilated pupil", "Fetal tachycardia", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Vasoconstrictor drug", "Peripheral nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Tyramine", "Amphetamine", "Ephedrine"], "Treats": ["Chronic glaucoma"], "Description": ["\"Used in narcolepsy and ADHD\""]}
,{"Name": "Snoring", "Causes": ["Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome", "Pickwickian syndrome", "Nasal polyp"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Antistreptolysin O titer", "Causes": ["Acute post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Causes": ["Epstein Barr virus", "Cytomegalovirus", "Herpes simplex virus", "Adenovirus", "Haematological malignancy", "Interferon gamma", "Tumour necrosis factor alpha", "Interleukin-1"], "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia", "Hepatomegaly", "Splenomegaly"], "Parents": ["Haematological autoimmune disease"], "Description": ["\"Activated macrophages ingest cells in marrow\nRx steroids + cyclosporin\""]}
,{"Name": "Shunt", "Parents": ["Heart disease"], "Children": ["Right to left shunt", "Left to right shunt"]}
,{"Name": "Non alcoholic fatty liver disease", "Synonyms": ["Non alcoholic steatohepatitis"], "Causes": ["Insulin resistance", "Metabolic syndrome"], "Effects": ["Chronic liver disease"]}
,{"Name": "Constitutional symptom", "Synonyms": ["Systemic symptom", "Symptom of systemic illness"], "Causes": ["Acute phase reaction", "Malignancy", "Inflammatory disease", "Connective tissue disease", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Fever", "Shivering", "Rigor", "Night sweats", "Malaise", "Fatigue", "Anorexia", "Weight loss", "Dizziness", "Vegetative function disturbance"]}
,{"Name": "Toxic epidermal necrolysis", "Synonyms": ["TEN", "Lyell's syndrome"], "Causes": ["Drug reaction"], "Effects": ["Epidermolysis"], "Parents": ["Drug induced skin disease", "Ten serious rashes"], "Description": ["\"Mortality 40%\n\nLoss of  skin = vulnerable to infections & sepsis\n\nA more  severe form of Steven-Johnsons syndrome\""]}
,{"Name": "Alkylating agent", "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia"], "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug", "Carcinogen"], "Children": ["Cyclophosphamide", "Chlorambucil", "Busulphan", "Cisplatin", "Nitrogen mustard"]}
,{"Name": "Non-caseating granuloma", "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis", "Crohn's disease", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Temporal arteritis", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Takayasu arteritis", "Subacute thyroiditis", "Silicosis", "Berylliosis", "Coccidioides immitis", "Langerhans cell histiocytosis", "Chronic granulomatous disease", "Blau syndrome"], "Parents": ["Granuloma"]}
,{"Name": "Pansystolic murmur", "Synonyms": ["PSM", "Pan-systolic murmur"], "Causes": ["Mitral regurgitation", "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Ventricular septal defect"], "Effects": ["Systolic thrill"], "Parents": ["Systolic murmur"], "Description": ["\"Loud\nApex\nRadiating to axilla\""]}
,{"Name": "Sewage worker", "Effects": ["Leptospira infection"]}
,{"Name": "Schaefer reflex", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Pinching the achilles tendon to cause pain causes upgoing hallux\""]}
,{"Name": "Donovan bodies", "Causes": ["Granuloma inguinale"], "Description": ["\"Rod-shaped organisms that can be seen in the cytoplasm of mononuclear phagocytes. \nAppear deep purple when stained with Wright's stain\""]}
,{"Name": "Gerstmann syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Dominant parietal lobe syndrome"], "Causes": ["Parietal lobe lesion"], "Effects": ["Left-right disorientation", "Dyscalculia", "Dysgraphia", "Finger agnosia"], "Parents": ["Focal cerebral neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Loss of consciousness", "Synonyms": ["LOC"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"], "Children": ["Syncope", "Generalised seizure"]}
,{"Name": "Stricture", "Parents": ["Surgical pathology"], "Children": ["Bowel stricture", "Urethral stricture", "Apple-core stricture", "Biliary stricture"]}
,{"Name": "Eye muscle inflammation", "Synonyms": ["Extraocular myositis"], "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Effects": ["Optic nerve compression", "Retro-orbital mass", "Scleral eye pain", "Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Acquired strabismus"], "Parents": ["Myositis"], "Description": ["\"Rx eyedrops + pads", "tarsorrhaphy", "treat thyrotoxicosis", "high dose steroids", "surgical decompression", "radiotherapy", "fresnel prisms", "strabismus surgery.\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypotension", "Causes": ["Metabolic acidosis", "Bezold Jarisch reflex", "Haemodialysis", "Addison disease"], "Parents": ["Blood pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Mushroom worker's lung", "Parents": ["Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"], "Description": ["\"exposure to thermophilic actinomycetes in mushroom compost.\""]}
,{"Name": "Decreased total lung volume", "Synonyms": ["Reduced TLV", "Low lung volume"], "Causes": ["Restrictive pulmonary disease"], "Parents": ["Decreased lung function"]}
,{"Name": "Nerve root lesion", "Synonyms": ["Radiculopathy", "Porphyria"], "Causes": ["Intervertebral disc herniation", "Spondylosis", "Osteophyte", "Scoliosis", "Spinal stenosis", "Spinal cord tumour", "Diabetes mellitus", "Poliovirus"], "Effects": ["Radiating pain", "Referred pain", "Hyporeflexia", "Localised sensory loss"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy", "Paresis"], "Children": ["Cervical radiculopathy", "C8 root lesion", "T1 root lesion", "Cauda equina syndrome", "L4 root lesion", "L5 root lesion", "S1 root lesion", "S234 root lesion", "S5 root lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Positive aminopyrine breath test", "Causes": ["Foetor hepaticus"]}
,{"Name": "Bladder exstrophy", "Synonyms": ["Ectopia vesicae"], "Parents": ["Genitourinary malformation"]}
,{"Name": "Diazepam", "Synonyms": ["Valium"], "Effects": ["Gynaecomastia"], "Parents": ["Benzodiazepine"], "Treats": ["Intervertebral disc herniation"]}
,{"Name": "Weaver syndrome", "Effects": ["Fetal macrosomia"]}
,{"Name": "Cystine stone", "Causes": ["Cystinuria"], "Parents": ["Renal calculi"]}
,{"Name": "Coronary artery aneurysm", "Causes": ["Kawasaki disease"], "Effects": ["Ruptured coronary artery aneurysm"], "Parents": ["Aneurysm", "Coronary artery disease"]}
,{"Name": "Hyponatraemia", "Synonyms": ["Low plasma sodium", "Low Na", "Low sodium"], "Causes": ["Renal sodium and water loss", "Gut electrolyte loss", "Cystic fibrosis", "Sweating", "Hypoalbuminaemia", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Polydipsia", "Oral water", "Amphetamine", "Vasopressin analogue"], "Effects": ["Seizure", "Fasciculation", "Cerebral oedema", "Decreased seizure threshold"], "Parents": ["Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy", "Electrolyte imbalance"], "Treatments": ["Fluid restriction"]}
,{"Name": "Meckels diverticulum", "Effects": ["Acute abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal malformations", "Lower gastrointestinal pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Stereotyped movements", "Synonyms": ["Stereotypy", "Stereotypical movement", "Repetitive movements"], "Causes": ["Partial seizure", "Rett syndrome"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Hemiparesis", "Causes": ["Sturge-Weber syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Plagiocephaly", "Causes": ["Craniosynostosis"], "Parents": ["Congenital head malformation"], "Description": ["\"Flattening of the back of one side of the head .\nRight Coronal Synostosis.\""]}
,{"Name": "Volkmann Contracture", "Causes": ["Supracondylar fracture humerus"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Acquired limb deformity"], "Description": ["\"Flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist resulting in:\na claw-like deformity of the hand and fingers.\n\nCaused by obstruction of forearm blood flow due to:\n - brachial artery injury following a supracondylar fracture\n - compartment syndrome\n -  improper use of a plaster cast\n - improper use of a tourniquet\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Haematological malignancy", "Causes": ["Bloom syndrome"], "Effects": ["Malignant infiltration of meninges", "Raised ESR", "Paraproteinaemia", "Splenomegaly", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome"], "Parents": ["Malignancy", "Haematological pathology"], "Children": ["Lymphoma", "Leukaemia", "Myeloma", "Lymphoid neoplasm", "Lymphoproliferative disorder", "Myeloproliferative disorder", "Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Plasmacytoma"]}
,{"Name": "Achondroplasia", "Causes": ["FGFR3 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Dwarfism", "Large head", "Prominent forehead", "Flat nasal bridge", "Genu varum", "Hydrocephalus", "Sleep apnoea", "Posterior scalloping", "Frontal bossing"], "Parents": ["Autosomal dominant disorder", "Congenital skeletal dysplasia"], "Description": ["\"Mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)\nChromosome 4p\n\nDwarfism charcterised by:\n -average sized trunk but \n- shortening of the proximal limbs\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Lung cyst", "Causes": ["Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome"], "Effects": ["Honeycomb lung"], "Parents": ["Cyst"]}
,{"Name": "Diverticulectomy", "Treats": ["Pharyngeal pouch"]}
,{"Name": "Hydrocephalus", "Synonyms": ["Dilated ventricles"], "Causes": ["Blocked CSF drainage", "Arnold-Chiari malformation", "Mucopolysaccharidosis", "Achondroplasia"], "Effects": ["Cerebral lesion", "Precocious puberty", "Syringomyelia"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system pathology"], "Treatments": ["Crainiotomy"]}
,{"Name": "Nightmare", "Synonyms": ["Sleep terror", "Pavor nocturnus"], "Causes": ["Efavirenz"], "Parents": ["Sleep disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Bruxism", "Synonyms": ["Teeth grinding"], "Causes": ["Orofacial dyskinesia", "Huntington disease", "Down syndrome", "Rett syndrome", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Amphetamine", "Emotional stress"], "Parents": ["Neurological sign", "Parasomnia"]}
,{"Name": "Honeycomb lung", "Synonyms": ["Honeycombing"], "Causes": ["Pulmonary fibrosis", "Neurofibromatosis I", "Lung cyst"], "Parents": ["Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Potassium citrate", "Synonyms": ["Citric acid"], "Effects": ["Citrate toxicity"], "Parents": ["Urological drug"], "Treats": ["Hypercalciuria", "Cystinuria", "Cystitis"], "Description": ["\"Alkalinising agent\""]}
,{"Name": "Lupus pernio", "Causes": ["Cutaneous sarcoidosis"], "Effects": ["Cosmetic disfigurement"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation", "Face sign"], "Description": ["\"Chilblain-like lesions; red", "nodular", "disfiguring\nNose", "ears", "or lips\nCommoner in black women\nMore associated with chronic fibrotic pulmonary sarcoid\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypophysectomy", "Parents": ["Pituitary surgery"], "Treats": ["Cushing syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Protease inhibitor", "Synonyms": ["PI"], "Effects": ["Hypertriglyceridaemia"], "Parents": ["P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Anti-retroviral agent"], "Children": ["Indinavir", "Ritonavir", "Saquinavir", "Nelfinavir"]}
,{"Name": "Equinus foot deformity", "Synonyms": ["Pes equinus", "Horse's foot deformity"], "Causes": ["Duchenne muscular dystrophy"], "Parents": ["Foot sign"]}
,{"Name": "Scurvy", "Synonyms": ["Scorbutus", "Barlow disease"], "Causes": ["Vitamin C deficiency"], "Effects": ["Fragile blood vessel", "Gingivitis", "Gum hyperplasia", "Bleeding gums", "Corkscrew hair", "Subperiosteal haemorrhage", "Pathological fracture", "Haemarthrosis", "Perifollicular haemorrhage", "Anaemia of chronic disease", "Anxiety", "Halitosis", "Subconjunctival haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["Metabolic bone disease"], "Description": ["\"Impaired collagen synthesis\""]}
,{"Name": "Kocher's manoeuvre", "Parents": ["Manoeuvre"], "Treats": ["Dislocation of shoulder"], "Description": ["\"1)a surgical manoeuvre to expose structures in the retroperitoneum behind the duodenum and \n  pancreas;eg:\n   -to control hemorrhage from the inferior vena cava or aorta", "or \n   -to facilitate removal of a pancreatic tumour.\n\n2)This is also the name of a manoeuvre used to reduce anterior shoulder dislocations by externally rotating the shoulder", "before adducting and internally rotating it.\""]}
,{"Name": "Isoniazid", "Effects": ["Sideroblastic anaemia", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Toxic neuropathy", "Drug-induced lupus", "Vitamin B6 deficiency", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Gynaecomastia", "Warm antibody haemolysis", "Acne vulgaris", "Acquired lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Anti-tuberculous agent", "P450 enzyme inhibitor", "Drug metabolised by N-acetyltransferase"], "Treats": ["Post-primary tuberculosis"], "Description": ["\"Pyrazinamide reduces side effects\""]}
,{"Name": "Diazoxide", "Effects": ["Hyperglycaemia", "Renal fluid retention", "Hirsutism"], "Parents": ["Potassium channel opener", "Thiazide", "Phosphodiesterase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Synonyms": ["Gonococcus"], "Effects": ["Gonorrhoea", "Infective conjunctivitis"], "Parents": ["Neisseria"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatomegaly", "Causes": ["Hepatitis", "Chronic liver disease", "Nutmeg liver", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Sarcoidosis", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Lymphoid neoplasm", "Chronic granulomatous disease", "Weil disease", "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Rickettsia", "Von Gierke disease", "Gaucher disease", "Wolman disease", "Griscelli syndrome", "Babesiosis", "Kala-azar", "Plasmodium falciparum", "Schistosomiasis"], "Parents": ["Organomegaly"], "Children": ["Tender hepatomegaly"]}
,{"Name": "Low C4", "Causes": ["Hereditary angioedema"], "Parents": ["Congenital complement deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Low C2", "Causes": ["Hereditary angioedema", "C2 deficiency"], "Parents": ["Congenital complement deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Gluteal wasting", "Causes": ["S1 root lesion"], "Parents": ["Muscle wasting"]}
,{"Name": "Notifiable disease", "Parents": ["Infectious disease"], "Children": ["Clostridium botulinum", "Brucellosis", "Cholera", "Diptheria", "Hepatitis A", "Legionella", "Mumps", "Meningitis", "Pertussis", "Polio", "Rabies", "Rubella", "Scarlet fever", "Tetanus", "Tuberculosis", "Typhoid fever", "Typhus", "Variola virus", "Yellow fever"], "Description": ["\"Required by law to be reported to government authorities. \nAllows the authorities to monitor the disease", "and provides early warning of possible outbreaks. \nIn the case of livestock diseases", "there may also be the legal requirement to destroy the infected livestock upon notification.\""]}
,{"Name": "Asyndetic thinking", "Parents": ["Positive formal thought disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Diverticular disease", "Synonyms": ["Diverticulosis", "Sigmoid diverticulae", "Diverticulum", "Bowel diverticula", "Diverticuli"], "Causes": ["Saint's Triad", "Cutis laxa"], "Effects": ["Vitamin B12 malabsorption", "Lower gastrointestinal bleed", "Diverticulitis", "Blind loop syndrome", "Colo-vaginal fistula", "Colonic stricture"], "Parents": ["Lower gastrointestinal pathology", "Gastrointestinal disease"], "Treatments": ["Hartmann procedure"]}
,{"Name": "C282Y allele in HFE gene", "Effects": ["Primary haemochromatosis"]}
,{"Name": "Morgagni hernia", "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome", "Patau syndrome"], "Parents": ["Hernia"]}
,{"Name": "P pulmonale", "Causes": ["Right atrial hypertrophy"], "Parents": ["Electrocardiographic investigation"], "Description": ["\"Peaked PT waves in II\""]}
,{"Name": "Silent chest", "Causes": ["Death", "Status asthmaticus"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"]}
,{"Name": "Overeating", "Effects": ["Obesity"], "Parents": ["Diet"]}
,{"Name": "Phosphaturia", "Causes": ["Lowe syndrome", "Fanconi triad"]}
,{"Name": "Haemochromatosis", "Synonyms": ["HC"], "Causes": ["Primary haemochromatosis", "Iron overload", "Caucasian"], "Effects": ["Fatigue", "Weight loss", "Arthralgia", "Slate-grey skin pigmentation", "Chronic liver disease", "Hypogonadism", "Low testosterone", "Chondrocalcinosis", "Panhypopituitarism", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Atrial fibrillation", "Raised transferrin saturation", "High serum ferritin", "Haemosiderosis", "Calcified Pinna", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Acute abdominal pain", "Insulin resistance", "Familial dilated cardiomyopathy"], "Parents": ["Haematological pathology", "Liver disease"], "Treatments": ["Venesection", "Deferoxamine"], "Description": ["\"500-fold risk of HCC\n\nHaemosiderosis = iron overload", "no tissue damage.\nHaemochromatosis = tissue damage\""]}
,{"Name": "Zonisamide", "Parents": ["Sulphonamide", "Anticonvulsant drug"]}
,{"Name": "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis", "Synonyms": ["ABPA"], "Causes": ["Aspergillus fumigatus"], "Effects": ["Atypical pneumonia", "Bronchial plug", "Transient bilateral lung shadowing", "Bronchiectasis", "Apical lung fibrosis", "Coagulating toxin"], "Parents": ["Extrinsic allergic alveolitis", "Type III hypersensitivity reaction"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Ischaemic colitis", "Causes": ["Old age"], "Effects": ["Bowel ischaemia", "Lower gastrointestinal bleed", "Colonic stricture"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Antibiotic", "Colectomy"], "Description": ["\"Incidence = 0.01%\n\nPrognosis:\nNon gangrenous - mortality = 5%\nGangrenous = 70%\""]}
,{"Name": "Thyroid disease", "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Goitre"], "Parents": ["Endocrine disease"], "Children": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Hypothyroidism", "Hashimoto thyroiditis", "Graves disease", "Subacute thyroiditis", "Riedel thyroiditis", "Thyroid adenoma", "Sick euthyroidism"]}
,{"Name": "Bernard-Soulier syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Glycoprotein Ib deficiency"], "Effects": ["Congenital platelet dysfunction", "Megakaryocyte"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"Defective adhesion of platelets to subendothelial collagen\ndefective receptor for von Willebrandt factor\nautosomal recessive\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Swan-neck deformity", "Synonyms": ["Swan neck deformity"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid arthritis"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Acquired limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Aldosterone antagonist", "Parents": ["Diuretic"], "Children": ["Spironolactone"]}
,{"Name": "Genital examination sign", "Synonyms": ["Examination of genitalia"], "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Scrotal swelling", "Cryptorchidism", "Phimosis", "Absent pubic hair", "Fused labia", "Clitoral enlargement", "Macroorchidism", "Pitres sign", "Genital sore"]}
,{"Name": "Acute mastoiditis", "Causes": ["Acute otitis media"], "Effects": ["Mastoid tenderness", "Cavernous sinus thrombosis", "Acute Osteomyelitis"], "Parents": ["Mastoiditis"], "Children": ["Chronic mastoidits"], "Treatments": ["Antibiotic"]}
,{"Name": "Thyroid adenoma", "Synonyms": ["Toxic thyroid adenoma"], "Effects": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Neck swelling"], "Parents": ["Thyroid disease", "Benign neoplasm"], "Treats": ["Hemithyroidectomy"], "Description": ["\"\nThey can be \"cold\"", "or \"hot\" depending on their level of function.\nIf hot", "it may result in thyrotoxicosis  (Toxic adenoma)\n\n\nDD of thyroid nodule:\n 1) The only palpable nodule in a multinodular goitre.\n 2) Benign Thyroid adenoma.\n 3) Thyroid cancer.\n\n\nMANAGEMENT OF THYROID NODULE:\n\nIs it hot or cold?  Technitium 99 scan:\nIf hot it is unlikey to be malignant.\n \nIf cold:  Is it solid or cystic?  Ultrasound \nIf cystic - aspiration biopsy & cytology\nIf solid  -  fine needle biopsy\n\nIf positive for malignancy -  Total Thyroidectomy\""]}
,{"Name": "Thrombotic glaucoma", "Synonyms": ["Rubeotic glaucoma", "Neovascular glaucoma"], "Causes": ["Rubeosis iridis"], "Effects": ["Scleral eye pain"], "Parents": ["Glaucoma"], "Description": ["\"3 months after retinal vein occlusion\""]}
,{"Name": "Oral candidiasis", "Synonyms": ["Oral thrush", "Oral candida", "Mucocutaneous candidiasis"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Neutropenia", "Xerostomia", "Steroid inhaler", "DiGeorge syndrome", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Type I polyglandular syndrome"], "Effects": ["White oral plaque"], "Parents": ["Candida albicans"], "Treatments": ["Fluconazole", "Nystatin"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic abdominal pain", "Causes": ["Irritable bowel syndrome", "Chronic pancreatitis", "Cholelithiasis", "Peptic ulcer", "Diverticulitis", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Coeliac disease", "Whipple's disease", "Pelvic inflammatory disease", "Endometriosis", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Wilm's tumour", "Bladder calculus", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Behcet disease", "Serositis", "Intra-abdominal malignancy"], "Effects": ["Erythema ab igne"], "Parents": ["Abdominal pain"]}
,{"Name": "Sensorineural deafness", "Synonyms": ["Sensorineural hearing loss"], "Causes": ["Presbycusis", "Loud noise", "Meniere's disease", "Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy", "Ototoxicity", "Rubella", "Mumps", "Meningitis", "Congenital syphilis", "Alkaptonuria", "Waardenburg syndrome", "Cogan syndrome", "Kearns-Sayre syndrome", "Pendred syndrome", "Friedrich ataxia", "Minamata disease", "Alport syndrome", "Alport's triad", "Hutchinson's triad", "Congenital rubella syndrome", "Salicylate poisoning"], "Effects": ["Weber sign", "Tinnitus"], "Parents": ["Deafness"], "Treatments": ["Hearing aid"], "Description": ["\"Hearing loss of old age.\nGreek  presbys=  elder; akousis = hearing\n\nHair cell degeneration of the cochlea.\""]}
,{"Name": "Macrolide", "Effects": ["Impaired bacterial ribosomal function", "Nausea and vomiting", "Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Children": ["Erythromycin", "Clarithromycin", "Azithromycin"], "Treats": ["Mycoplasma pneumoniae"]}
,{"Name": "Vegetarianism", "Effects": ["Inadequate diet"], "Parents": ["Diet"]}
,{"Name": "Raised urinary glycosaminoglycan", "Synonyms": ["Raised urinary mucopolysaccharides"], "Causes": ["Mucopolysaccharidosis"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Amyl nitrate", "Synonyms": ["Poppers", "Snappers"], "Parents": ["Abused drug"]}
,{"Name": "Chromosome 4 mutation", "Effects": ["Huntington disease", "Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Parathyroid hyperplasia", "Effects": ["Primary hyperparathyroidism"]}
,{"Name": "Glycopeptide", "Effects": ["Impaired bacterial cell wall synthesis"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic"], "Children": ["Vancomycin"]}
,{"Name": "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Synonyms": ["CTS", "Median compression neuropathy"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Hypothyroidism", "High oestrogen", "Hand trauma", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Cushing syndrome", "Acromegaly", "Myeloma", "Sarcoidosis", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Repetitive stress injury"], "Effects": ["Phalen sign", "Tinel sign", "Durkan test", "Luthy sign", "Thenar wasting", "Median neuropathy", "Raynaud phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Orthopaedic pathology", "Entrapment neuropathy"], "Treatments": ["Splints", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"90% of all nerve compression syndromes\""]}
,{"Name": "Beaked nose", "Causes": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Craniosynostosis"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Cold urticaria", "Causes": ["Cryoglobulinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Disease", "Children": ["Autoimmune disease", "Congenital disease", "Acquired childhood disease", "Genetic disease", "Infectious disease", "Heart disease", "Psychiatric disease", "Metabolic disease", "Dermatological disease", "Gastrointestinal disease", "Ear nose and throat disease", "Endocrine disease", "Gynaecological disease", "Liver disease", "Neurological disease", "Obstetric condition", "Breast disease", "Pulmonary disease", "Renal disease", "Urological disease"], "Description": ["\"\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Heart transplant", "Parents": ["Cardiac surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Laryngitis", "Causes": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Allergic disorder", "Paroxysmal coughing", "Cigarette smoking", "Overuse of vocal cords", "Endotracheal intubation"], "Effects": ["Throat pain", "Hoarse voice", "Sore throat"], "Parents": ["Laryngology"]}
,{"Name": "Pathological gambling", "Synonyms": ["Impulsive gambling"], "Parents": ["Impulse control disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Impaired lymphatic drainage of nail", "Effects": ["Yellow nail syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Drug toxicity", "Synonyms": ["Drug overdose", "Drug OD"], "Effects": ["Asystole", "Stupor", "Delirium"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"], "Children": ["Digoxin toxicity", "Strychnine toxicity", "Phenytoin toxicity", "MPTP toxicity", "Carbon monoxide toxicity", "Salicylate poisoning"]}
,{"Name": "Convex-shaped intracranial bleed", "Causes": ["Extradural haemorrhage"], "Parents": ["CT sign"]}
,{"Name": "Back deformity", "Parents": ["Observation sign"], "Children": ["Lumbar lordosis", "Kyphosis", "Scoliosis"]}
,{"Name": "Boston sign", "Causes": ["Thyroid eye disease"], "Parents": ["Ocular sign"], "Description": ["\"When the eyeball is turned downwards", "there is arrest of the descent of the lid", "spasm", "and continued descent.\""]}
,{"Name": "Farber disease", "Causes": ["ASAHG1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation", "Dysphagia", "Arthralgia"], "Parents": ["Sphingolipidosis"], "Description": ["\"Deficiency of lysosomal enzyme", "ceramidase.\nCeramide accumalates in tissues", "especially joints. \n\""]}
,{"Name": "Psoriasis", "Causes": ["HLA-Cw6", "HLA-Cw2", "HLA-B13", "HLA-B17", "HLA-B27", "Lithium", "Antimalarial drug", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor", "Pregnancy", "Emotional stress", "Streptococcus"], "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Erythroderma", "Ruby red plaques", "Cutaneous scarring", "Koebner phenomenon", "Psoriatic arthropathy", "Nail pitting", "Onycholysis", "Onychogryphosis", "High plasma urate", "Auspitz sign"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune skin disease"], "Children": ["Chronic plaque psoriasis", "Guttate psoriasis", "Palmoplantar psoriasis", "Pustular psoriasis"], "Treatments": ["Coal tar", "Dithranol", "Psoralen and ultraviolet-A light", "Calipotriol", "Isotretinoin", "Antimetabolite", "Immunosuppressant drug", "Etanacerpt", "Adalimumab", "Actiretin", "Methotrexate", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 5% in Caucasians\n50% exhibit Koebner phenomenon\nArthritis in 5%\n30% have nail disease", "of which 70% have arthropathy\n\n\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "GNAS gene mutation", "Effects": ["McCune Albright syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 20q13.3\""]}
,{"Name": "Lewy body dementia", "Synonyms": ["Dementia with Lewy bodies", "DLB", "LBD", "Lewy body disease"], "Causes": ["Parkinson's disease"], "Effects": ["Lewy bodies in substantia nigra", "Visual hallucination", "Pareidolia", "Extracampine hallucination"], "Parents": ["Dementia", "Neurodegenerative disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Angiogenesis", "Causes": ["Transforming growth factor-beta"], "Parents": ["Immune response"]}
,{"Name": "OCRL gene mutation", "Effects": ["Lowe syndrome", "Dent syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq25\""]}
,{"Name": "DiGeorge syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Congenital hypoparathyroidism", "Di George"], "Effects": ["Long face", "Microcephaly", "Flat nasal bridge", "Narrow palpebral fissures", "Micrognathia", "Asymetrical crying face", "Cleft palate", "Velopharyngeal incompetence", "Nasal speech", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Thymic aplasia", "Tetralogy of Fallot", "Persistent truncus arteriosus", "Ventricular septal defect", "Mental retardation", "Behavioural change", "Severe T-cell immunodeficiency", "Congenital cataract", "Oral candidiasis", "Congenital heart disease due to genetic syndromes"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency"], "Description": ["\"22q11.2 deletion syndrome \""]}
,{"Name": "Duodenal ulcer", "Effects": ["Duodenal perforation"], "Parents": ["Peptic ulcer"]}
,{"Name": "Transudate pleural effusion", "Causes": ["Left ventricular failure", "Pulmonary hypertension", "Decreased oncotic pressure", "Chronic renal failure", "Hypothyroidism", "Pulmonary lymphatic blockage", "Meig syndrome", "Yellow nail syndrome", "Low intrapleural pressure"], "Parents": ["Pleural effusion"]}
,{"Name": "Lung malignancy", "Synonyms": ["Lung cancer"], "Effects": ["Round lung shadow", "Malignant pleural effusion", "Hilar lymphadenopathy", "Bone metastasis", "Hypercalcaemia", "Ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion", "Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Local infiltration of lung cancer", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma"], "Children": ["Bronchial carcinoma", "Lung metastasis", "Mesothelioma"], "Treatments": ["Ifosfamide"], "Description": ["\"<html>\n  <head>\n    \n  </head>\n  <body>\n  </body>\n</html>\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Peritoneal dialysis", "Effects": ["Peritonitis", "Hernia"], "Parents": ["Dialysis"], "Treats": ["Chronic renal failure", "End-stage renal failure"]}
,{"Name": "Allergic conjunctivitis", "Parents": ["Conjunctivitis"]}
,{"Name": "Positive Kveim test", "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis"], "Parents": ["Immunological investigation"], "Description": ["\"Human splenic antigen injected: gives granuloma\""]}
,{"Name": "Paranoid personality disorder", "Parents": ["Personality disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Metabolic acidosis", "Causes": ["Increased H ion production", "Decreased H ion excretion", "Increased H ion intake", "Bicarbonate loss"], "Effects": ["Hyperventilation", "Kussmaul respiration", "Hyperkalaemia", "Hyperphosphataemia", "Low bicarbonate", "Negative base excess", "Breathlessness", "Sinus tachycardia", "Hypotension", "High plasma urate"], "Parents": ["Acidosis"], "Children": ["Lactate acidosis", "Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Ketoacidosis"], "Description": ["\"Note:will be accompanied by  aciduria concurrently hypochloraemic or hypovolaemic\""]}
,{"Name": "Wide pulse pressure", "Causes": ["Hyperdynamic circulation", "Coarctation of the aorta"], "Parents": ["Blood pressure sign"]}
,{"Name": "Bronchopneumonia", "Parents": ["Pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy", "Causes": ["Pulmonary sarcoidosis", "Loefgren syndrome", "Extrinsic allergic alveolitis", "Berylliosis", "Silicosis"], "Parents": ["Hilar lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Uraemia", "Synonyms": ["Azotaemia", "High Blood Urea Nitrogen", "High BUN", "Raised Urea & Creatinine"], "Causes": ["Renal failure", "Chronic renal failure", "High protein diet", "Catabolic state", "Acute nephritic syndrome"], "Effects": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Malaise", "Pruritus", "Uraemic frost", "Pericarditis", "Uraemic encephalopathy", "Platelet dysfunction", "Normocytic anaemia", "Acute gastritis", "Diarrhoea", "Hypocalcaemia", "Metabolic bone disease", "Metabolic neuropathy", "Impaired concentrating ability", "Impotence", "Restless legs syndrome", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "Serositis", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy", "Biochemical investigation"], "Children": ["High plasma urea", "Elevated plasma creatinine"]}
,{"Name": "Heyde syndrome", "Effects": ["Angiodysplasia of colon", "Von Willebrand disease"]}
,{"Name": "Ampicillin", "Parents": ["Penicillin"], "Treats": ["Listeria monocytogenes", "Listerosis"]}
,{"Name": "Jaundice", "Synonyms": ["Icterus", "Icteric skin"], "Causes": ["Hyperbilirubinaemia", "Intravascular haemolysis", "Extravascular haemolysis", "Charcot triad"], "Parents": ["Skin colour", "Gastrointestinal disease"], "Children": ["Haemolytic jaundice", "Hepatocellular jaundice", "Obstructive jaundice", "Kernicterus"], "Description": ["\"serum bilirubin > 35 umol / l\""]}
,{"Name": "Drug reaction", "Synonyms": ["Drug allergy"], "Effects": ["Hypersensitivity vasculitis", "Toxic epidermal necrolysis"], "Parents": ["Allergic disorder"]}
,{"Name": "CSF Otorrhoea", "Causes": ["Base of skull fracture"]}
,{"Name": "High oestrogen", "Causes": ["Oral contraceptive pill", "Chronic liver disease", "Liver failure", "Adrenal adenoma", "Androgen resistance"], "Effects": ["Palmar erythema", "Telangiectasia", "Gynaecomastia", "Testicular atrophy", "Decreased body hair", "Impotence", "Gum hyperplasia", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "Carcinoma of endometrium", "Uterine fibroid", "Increased thyroid-binding globulin", "Secondary hyperlipidaemia", "High high density lipoprotein", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Sex hormone imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Alcoholic hepatitis", "Causes": ["Alcoholic liver disease"], "Effects": ["Abdominal arterial bruit", "Raised gamma glutaryl transferase"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Transfusion-dependent anaemia", "Causes": ["Myelodysplastic syndrome"], "Parents": ["Anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Gastrointestinal pathology", "Synonyms": ["GI pathology", "Bowel pathology", "Gastroenterological pathology"], "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology", "Lower gastrointestinal pathology", "Hepatobiliary pathology", "Abdominal fistula", "Protein-losing enteropathy", "Angiodysplasia of colon", "Serositis", "Retroperitoneal fibrosis", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Pancreatic islet tumour", "Blind loop syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Frank sign", "Synonyms": ["Diagonal auricular crease"], "Causes": ["Myocardial ischaemia"], "Parents": ["Face sign"], "Description": ["\"diagonal ear lobe crease.\nextending diagonally from the tragus across the lobule to the rear edge of the auricle\""]}
,{"Name": "Exaggerated response to external stimuli", "Causes": ["Delirium"]}
,{"Name": "Glossoptosis", "Causes": ["Pierre Robin syndrome"], "Description": ["\"airway obstruction caused by backwards displacement of the tongue base\""]}
,{"Name": "Central cyanosis", "Synonyms": ["Cyanotic tongue"], "Causes": ["Hypoxaemia", "Cyanotic congenital heart disease"], "Effects": ["Peripheral cyanosis"], "Parents": ["Cyanosis"], "Description": ["\"Unsaturated Hb > 5g/dL\""]}
,{"Name": "Hungry bone syndrome", "Causes": ["Parathyroidectomy"], "Effects": ["Hypocalcaemia", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Hypophosphataemia"]}
,{"Name": "Groin abscess", "Causes": ["Intravenous drug abuse", "Chancroid", "Lymphogranuloma venereum"], "Effects": ["Groin swelling"], "Parents": ["Pyogenic abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Metabolic encephalopathy", "Parents": ["Encephalopathy"], "Children": ["Uraemic encephalopathy", "Hepatic encephalopathy", "Wernicke encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Tight underwear", "Effects": ["Meralgia paraesthetica"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Pupillary paralysis", "Causes": ["Diphtheric neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Retrovirus", "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus"], "Children": ["Human immunodeficiency virus", "HTLV-1", "HTLV-2"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["HCC", "Hepatoma"], "Causes": ["Cirrhosis", "Hepatitis C", "Aflatoxin", "Haemochromatosis", "Hereditary tyrosinosis"], "Effects": ["Hepatomegaly", "Abdominal mass", "Raised alpha-fetoprotein", "Mallory body", "Inappropriately raised erythropoietin", "Hepatic friction rub", "Abdominal arterial bruit", "Irregular liver edge", "Hepatic vein compression", "Hepatic vein thrombosis"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of liver", "Intra-abdominal malignancy"], "Treatments": ["Hemihepatectomy"], "Description": ["\"90% of primary liver cancer\nPrognosis 6 months\n3 year survival 10%\""]}
,{"Name": "Upbeat nystagmus", "Parents": ["Nystagmus"]}
,{"Name": "Anaplastic thyroid cancer", "Synonyms": ["Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma of thyroid"], "Treatments": ["Radiotherapy"], "Description": ["\"5% of thyroid cancer\nLife expectancy 3 months\""]}
,{"Name": "Mallory body", "Synonyms": ["Alcoholic hyaline"], "Causes": ["Alcoholic liver disease", "Wilson's disease", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Hepatocellular carcinoma"], "Parents": ["Histology", "Ubiquitin inclusion body"]}
,{"Name": "Radioiodine therapy", "Synonyms": ["Radioactive iodine"], "Effects": ["Hypothyroidism"], "Parents": ["Radiotherapy", "Antithyroid drug", "Chemotherapy"], "Treats": ["Thyrotoxicosis", "Papillary thyroid cancer", "Follicular thyroid cancer", "Graves disease"]}
,{"Name": "Breast atrophy", "Causes": ["Panhypopituitarism", "Virilisation"], "Parents": ["Chest sign"]}
,{"Name": "Residual urine", "Causes": ["Bladder outflow obstruction"]}
,{"Name": "Physiological tremor", "Causes": ["Increased sympathetic tone", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Hypoglycaemia", "Phaeochromocytoma", "Valproate", "Cyclosporin", "Cinchonism", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Bromide"], "Parents": ["Tremor"]}
,{"Name": "Premature menopause", "Synonyms": ["Ovarian failure"], "Effects": ["Amenorrhoea", "Hot flush", "Osteoporosis"], "Treatments": ["Hormone replacement therapy"]}
,{"Name": "Sandal gap", "Causes": ["Down syndrome"], "Parents": ["Foot sign"]}
,{"Name": "PolG mutation", "Effects": ["Impaired vertical saccades"]}
,{"Name": "Copper deficiency", "Effects": ["Iron deficiency anaemia", "Failure to thrive", "Mental retardation", "Aortic aneurysm", "Behavioural change"], "Parents": ["Mineral deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Loss of deep pain sensation", "Synonyms": ["Deep pain sensory loss"], "Causes": ["Tabes dorsalis"], "Effects": ["Pitres sign", "Haenel sign"], "Parents": ["Sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Precocious puberty", "Causes": ["Increased androgen secretion", "Craniopharyngioma", "Hydrocephalus", "Neurofibroma", "High human chorionic gonadotrophin", "Raised thyroid stimulating hormone", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"], "Effects": ["Tall stature"]}
,{"Name": "Nutmeg liver", "Synonyms": ["Congestive hepatopathy", "Congestive liver disease"], "Causes": ["Tricuspid regurgitation", "Systemic venous congestion"], "Effects": ["Hepatomegaly", "Ischaemic hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Liver biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Stromal neovascularization", "Causes": ["Interstitial keratitis"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoglossal nerve palsy", "Synonyms": ["Twelfth nerve palsy", "12th nerve palsy", "XII nerve palsy"], "Causes": ["Jugular foramen syndrome", "Jackson syndrome", "Hughlings Jackson syndrome"], "Effects": ["Wasting of tongue", "Tongue fasciculation"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve palsy"]}
,{"Name": "Type II diabetes mellitus", "Synonyms": ["NIDDM", "Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus"], "Causes": ["Insulin resistance", "Impaired glucose tolerance", "Impaired fasting glucose", "Gestational diabetes"], "Effects": ["Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma", "Lipodystrophy", "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Acanthosis nigricans", "Type IV renal tubule acidosis", "Pre-eclampsia", "Carcinoma of endometrium"], "Parents": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Treatments": ["Weight loss"]}
,{"Name": "Basal atelectasis", "Causes": ["Abdominal surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma of adrenal gland", "Synonyms": ["Adrenal cancer"], "Effects": ["Bone metastasis"]}
,{"Name": "War", "Effects": ["Post-traumatic stress disorder"]}
,{"Name": "anti-androgens", "Treats": ["Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia"]}
,{"Name": "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Synonyms": ["APLS"], "Causes": ["Anti-cardiolipin antibody", "Lupus anticoagulant", "Rheumatoid disease", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Temporal arteritis", "Sjogren syndrome", "Behcet disease", "Psoriatic arthropathy", "Human immunodeficiency virus", "Hepatitis C", "Quaternary syphilis", "Multiple sclerosis", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"], "Effects": ["Antiplatelet antibody", "Recurrent miscarriage", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Positive VDRL", "Chorea", "Livedo reticularis", "Transient ischaemic attack", "Migraine", "Avascular necrosis", "Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Secondary pulmonary hypertension", "Secondary vasculitis"], "Parents": ["Haematological autoimmune disease"], "Description": ["\"25% have thrombocytopenia\""]}
,{"Name": "Surfactants", "Effects": ["Irritant contact dermatitis"], "Description": ["\"in cosmetics\""]}
,{"Name": "Wernicke encephalopathy", "Causes": ["Thiamine deficiency"], "Effects": ["Nystagmus", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Delirium", "Nausea and vomiting", "Korsakoff dementia", "Internuclear ophthalmoplegia", "Complex ophthalmoplegia"], "Parents": ["Metabolic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Type I polyglandular syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Type I Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome", "Type I PAS", "Type 1 polyglandular syndrome", "Whitaker syndrome", "Multiple endocrine deficiency autoimmune candidiasis", "MEDAC"], "Effects": ["Oral candidiasis", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Addison disease", "Type I diabetes mellitus", "Hypogonadism", "Pernicious anaemia", "Vitiligo"], "Parents": ["Endocrine autoimmune disease", "Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"Mutation on 21p\nPresents age 5 yrs\""]}
,{"Name": "Clinical Examination", "Children": ["Symptom", "Sign"]}
,{"Name": "Sneeze", "Synonyms": ["Sternutation"], "Causes": ["Rhinorrhoea", "Allergic rhinitis", "Upper respiratory tract infection"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Abattoir worker", "Effects": ["Leptospira infection"]}
,{"Name": "Apathy", "Causes": ["Vascular dementia", "Schizophrenia", "Frontotemporal dementia", "Frontal lobe lesion"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Unilateral parotid swelling", "Synonyms": ["Unilateral parotitis"], "Causes": ["Sialolithiasis", "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid", "Warthin tumour"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Acute hepatitis", "Causes": ["Hepatitis A", "Paracetamol", "Hepatitis E", "Ischaemic hepatitis"], "Effects": ["Hepatic friction rub", "Tender hepatomegaly", "High aspartate aminotransferase"], "Parents": ["Hepatitis"]}
,{"Name": "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Synonyms": ["RSV"], "Effects": ["Cough", "Upper respiratory tract infection"], "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus", "Childhood infections"]}
,{"Name": "Surgical pathology", "Parents": ["Pathology"], "Children": ["Hernia", "Obstruction", "Stricture", "Rupture of abdominal viscus", "Diverticulitis", "Appendicitis"]}
,{"Name": "Walker-Warburg dystrophy", "Parents": ["Congenital muscular dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Phonophobia", "Causes": ["Migraine"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Thrombophlebitis", "Causes": ["Venous occlusion"], "Effects": ["Venous ulcer"], "Parents": ["Vascular pathology", "Skin signs on examination"], "Children": ["Thrombophlebitis migrans"]}
,{"Name": "Fluid restriction", "Parents": ["Medical treatment"], "Treats": ["Chronic renal failure", "Hyponatraemia", "Nephrotic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Consolidation", "Causes": ["Post-primary tuberculosis"], "Effects": ["Bronchial breathing", "Increased tactile vocal fremitus", "Decreased resonance", "Whispered pectoriloquy", "Bronchophony", "Egophony"], "Parents": ["Pulmonary pathology", "Chest X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Positive serum precipitin", "Causes": ["Extrinsic allergic alveolitis"], "Parents": ["Immunological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Hydroxyurea", "Synonyms": ["Hydroxylurea", "Hydroxycarbamide"], "Effects": ["Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Antimetabolite", "Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Sickle cell anaemia", "Chronic myeloid leukaemia", "Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Essential thrombocythaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Dysdiadochokinesis", "Synonyms": ["Dysdiadochokinesia"], "Causes": ["Cerebellar ataxia"], "Parents": ["Hand sign", "Neurological sign"]}
,{"Name": "Acellular bone marrow", "Synonyms": ["Bone marrow fibrosis", "Hypocellular bone marrow"], "Causes": ["Myelofibrosis"], "Parents": ["Bone marrow sign"]}
,{"Name": "Auspitz sign", "Causes": ["Psoriasis"], "Description": ["\"when psoriatic scales are scraped", "pinpoint bleeding occurs from capillaries which undulate vertically throughout the thickened psoriatic skin\""]}
,{"Name": "Impaired fasting glucose", "Synonyms": ["IFG"], "Effects": ["Type II diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["Hyperglycaemia"], "Description": ["\"Fasting glucose >= 6.1and <7.0\""]}
,{"Name": "Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "Synonyms": ["NDI", "Nephrogenic DI"], "Causes": ["Hypercalciuria", "Hypokalaemia", "Post-obstructive polyuria", "Lithium", "Demeclocycline", "Sickle cell trait"], "Parents": ["Diabetes insipidus", "X-Linked recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"DDAVP results in <45% rise in urine osmolarity\""]}
,{"Name": "Fentanyl", "Parents": ["Opioid"]}
,{"Name": "Secondary amyloidosis", "Synonyms": ["Reactive amyloidosis"], "Causes": ["Rheumatoid disease", "Seronegative spondyloarthritis", "Familial mediterranean fever", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Whipple's disease", "Sjogren syndrome", "Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Tuberculosis", "Acute Osteomyelitis", "Quaternary syphilis", "Leprosy", "Paraplegia", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Diamorphine"], "Effects": ["Raised amyloid A protein", "Amyloid light chain"], "Parents": ["Systemic amyloidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Fixed splitting of second heart sound", "Synonyms": ["Fixed splitting of S2"], "Causes": ["Atrial septal defect"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory heart sign"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired Fanconi syndrome", "Causes": ["Myeloma", "Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance", "Excess parathyroid hormone", "Tetracycline", "Cisplatin", "Gentamicin", "Tenofovir", "Valproate", "Ifosfamide", "Lead poisoning", "Mercury"], "Parents": ["Fanconi syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Polyphonic wheeze", "Causes": ["Asthma", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Pulmonary oedema", "Upper respiratory tract infection", "Katayama fever", "Human albumin solution", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Eosinophilic pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Wheeze"], "Description": ["\"\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Anaphylaxis", "Synonyms": ["Anaphylactic shock"], "Causes": ["Atopy", "Human albumin solution"], "Effects": ["Peripheral vasodilatation", "Bronchoconstriction"], "Parents": ["Autoimmune disease", "Type I hypersensitivity reaction"], "Treatments": ["Adrenaline", "Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "FLCN gene mutation", "Effects": ["Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 17p11.2\""]}
,{"Name": "SOD1 gene mutation", "Synonyms": ["Superoxide dismutase gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Motor neurone disease"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 21q22.11\""]}
,{"Name": "Plasmacytoma", "Effects": ["Paraproteinaemia"], "Parents": ["Haematological malignancy"]}
,{"Name": "Thymoma", "Synonyms": ["Thymic tumour"], "Causes": ["Pre-T cell acute lymphoid leukaemia"], "Effects": ["Myasthenia gravis", "Pure red cell aplasia", "Mediastinal mass", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Pancytopaenia", "Good syndrome", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Dull chest pain", "Causes": ["Major pulmonary embolus", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Oesophagitis", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Rupture of oesophagus", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Mesothelioma"], "Parents": ["Chest pain"]}
,{"Name": "Cavernous sinus lesion", "Causes": ["Cavernous sinus thrombosis", "Tolosa-Hunt syndrome", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Pituitary adenoma", "Pituitary apoplexy", "Caroticocavernous fistula"], "Effects": ["Trigeminal neuropathy", "Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Abducent nerve palsy", "Trochlear nerve palsy", "Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Horner syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Molluscum contagiosum", "Causes": ["Immunosuppression"], "Effects": ["Vesicle", "Koebner phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Pox virus", "Viral infections of skin", "Childhood infections"], "Treatments": ["Cryosurgery", "Podophyllotoxin"], "Description": ["\"if you have a normal immune system", "it will not be necessary to treat the lesions.They will fade away in 6mths\""]}
,{"Name": "Ideational apraxia", "Synonyms": ["Poor motor planning", "Impaired multiple-object use"], "Parents": ["Apraxia"], "Description": ["\"Patient cannot use a match to light a candle\""]}
,{"Name": "Anorexia", "Synonyms": ["Loss of appetite", "Decreased appetite", "Loss of hunger", "Lack of hunger"], "Causes": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Gastric adenocarcinoma", "Gastrointestinal carcinoma", "Chronic gastritis", "Appendicitis", "Depression", "Dementia", "Satiety", "Anorexia nervosa", "Bulimia nervosa", "Ascites", "Irradiation", "Cytotoxic drug", "Hypothyroidism", "Metformin", "Topiramate", "Amphetamine", "Methylphenidate", "Fenfluramine", "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor", "Sympathomimetic", "Addison disease", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Chronic pulmonary infection", "Nicotinic acid deficiency", "Hepatitis A", "Hepatitis B", "Brucellosis", "Henoch-Schonlein purpura"], "Effects": ["Malnutrition", "Weight loss"], "Parents": ["Constitutional symptom", "Appetite disturbance", "Gastrointestinal symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Incomplete separation", "Synonyms": ["Monochorionic twins"], "Causes": ["Multiple birth"], "Effects": ["Twin-to-twin transfusion"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"]}
,{"Name": "Gigantism", "Causes": ["Growth hormone-secreting adenoma", "Growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion", "Acromegaly", "Low testosterone"], "Effects": ["Tall stature", "Macrognathia", "Hypogonadism"]}
,{"Name": "Strongyloides stercoralis", "Synonyms": ["Hookworm"], "Effects": ["Loeffler syndrome", "Eosinophilic pneumonia", "Malabsorption state", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Cutaneous larva migrans", "Gut parasite"], "Parents": ["Gut parasite", "Nematode"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperuricosuria", "Causes": ["Lesch Nyhan syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Talipes", "Synonyms": ["Club foot", "Talipes equinovarus"], "Parents": ["Lower limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Umblical hernia", "Causes": ["Cutis laxa"], "Parents": ["Bowel hernia"]}
,{"Name": "Severe combined immunodeficiency", "Synonyms": ["SCID"], "Causes": ["Adenosine deaminase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Defective B-cell function", "Defective T-cell function", "Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Congenital immunodeficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Gonadotropin analogue", "Effects": ["Night sweats"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Urological drug"], "Treats": ["Prostate cancer", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Uterine fibroid", "Endometriosis"]}
,{"Name": "Low birth weight", "Synonyms": ["Intrauterine growth retardation", "IUGR"], "Causes": ["Premature birth", "Placental insufficiency", "Anaemia of pregnancy"], "Effects": ["Neonatal mortality"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"]}
,{"Name": "Tropheryma whippelii", "Effects": ["Whipple's disease", "Culture-negative endocarditis", "Periodic acid schiff stain positive"], "Parents": ["Gram positive bacillus"]}
,{"Name": "Lichen sclerosus", "Synonyms": ["Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus"], "Effects": ["Koebner phenomenon"], "Parents": ["Vulval skin disorder", "Dermatitis", "Disorder of keratinsation"]}
,{"Name": "CREST syndrome", "Causes": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis"], "Effects": ["Ectopic calcification", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Oesophageal stenosis", "Sclerodactyly", "Telangiectasia"]}
,{"Name": "Pyelonephritis", "Causes": ["Vesico-ureteric reflux", "Urinary tract infection", "Renal calculi", "Myeloma renal disease"], "Effects": ["Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Renal fluid retention", "Granular casts", "Renal vein thrombosis", "Chronic renal failure", "Salt-wasting nephropathy", "Calyceal clubbing", "Loin pain"], "Parents": ["Renal disease"]}
,{"Name": "Uterus hyperplasia", "Causes": ["High progesterone"]}
,{"Name": "Tooth sign", "Parents": ["Mouth sign"], "Children": ["Moon's molar", "Hutchinson incisor"]}
,{"Name": "Dyspareunia", "Parents": ["Gynaecological symptom"], "Children": ["Superficial dyspareunia", "Deep dyspareunia"]}
,{"Name": "Nervous system drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Central nervous system drug", "Peripheral nervous system drug", "Ergot alkaloid", "Dantrolene"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebrovascular disease", "Causes": ["Atherosclerosis"], "Parents": ["Cerebral pathology"], "Children": ["Vascular dementia", "Carotid occlusive disease", "Cerebral infarction", "White matter vascular disease"]}
,{"Name": "Raised beta-2 microglobulin", "Synonyms": ["High B2-microglobulin"], "Causes": ["Haemodialysis"], "Parents": ["Systemic amyloidosis"]}
,{"Name": "Missed abortion", "Parents": ["Miscarriage"], "Description": ["\"1.Embryo >5 mm without fetal heart activity (fetal demise)\n2.Retained non-viable conception products up to 4 weeks\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Meniscectomy", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Infiltrative cardiomyopathy", "Causes": ["Sarcoidosis", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Loffler's eosinophilic carditis"], "Effects": ["Supraventricular tachycardia", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Cardiomyopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma mouth", "Parents": ["Carcinoma"], "Treatments": ["Brachytherapy"]}
,{"Name": "DYT3", "Effects": ["Parkinsonism"]}
,{"Name": "Live vaccine", "Parents": ["Medical treatment"], "Children": ["Rubella", "Measles", "Mumps", "Yellow fever", "Mycobacterium bovis", "Sabin polio vaccine"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphoedema praecox", "Synonyms": ["Milroy syndrome"], "Effects": ["Non-pitting ankle swelling"], "Description": ["\"Inherited malfunction of lymphatics. Benign.\""]}
,{"Name": "Prosthesis", "Effects": ["Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Surgery"], "Children": ["Prosthetic cardiac valve", "Hip replacement"]}
,{"Name": "Fever of unknown origin", "Synonyms": ["PUO", "Pyrexia of unknown origin", "Pyrexia of undetermined origin"], "Causes": ["Intra-abdominal abscess", "Dental abscess", "Endocarditis", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Subacute thyroiditis", "Malignancy", "Connective tissue disease", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Sarcoidosis", "Epstein Barr virus", "Psittacosis", "Brucellosis", "Rickettsia", "Tuberculosis", "Drug fever"], "Parents": ["Fever"], "Description": ["\"Criteria:\nTemp> 38.3\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdC .\n>three weeks duration.\n No diagnosis after one week of investigation.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Litholopaxy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Bladder calculus"]}
,{"Name": "RBM8A gene mutation", "Effects": ["TAR syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 1q21.1\""]}
,{"Name": "Increased vitamin B12 requirement", "Synonyms": ["Increased B12 requirement"], "Causes": ["Pregnancy", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Disseminated cancer"], "Effects": ["Vitamin B12 deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Pelvic Lymphadenectomy", "Parents": ["Abdominal surgery"], "Treats": ["Epithelial ovarian tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Raised luteinising hormone", "Synonyms": ["Raised LH", "Elevated LH", "High LH"], "Causes": ["Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Androgen resistance", "Ambiguous genitalia", "Primary ovarian failure"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Cigarette smoking", "Synonyms": ["Smoking", "Tobacco smoking"], "Effects": ["Atherosclerosis", "Bronchial carcinoma", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Centrilobular emphysema", "Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder", "Chronic hypoxia", "Squamous cell pharyngeal carcinoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx", "Tar staining of fingers", "Recurrent miscarriage", "Carbon monoxide toxicity", "Buerger disease", "Osteoporosis", "Dupuytren's contracture", "Homocysteinaemia", "Pustular psoriasis", "Cholelithiasis", "Berry aneurysm", "Crohn's disease", "Langerhans cell histiocytosis", "Abruptio placentae", "Cervical cancer", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Carcinoma of pancreas", "Premature birth", "Gestational diabetes", "Reduced fetal movement", "Placenta praevia", "Miscarriage", "Psychoactive substance use", "Laryngitis", "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid", "Warthin tumour", "Neonatal mortality", "Acquired methaemoglobinemia", "Acquired hypercoagulable state", "Gastrooesophageal reflux disease"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle", "P450 enzyme inducer"], "Treatments": ["Buproprion", "Nicotine"]}
,{"Name": "Entecavir", "Parents": ["Antiviral agent"], "Treats": ["Hepatitis B"]}
,{"Name": "BTK gene mutation", "Effects": ["X-linked recessive disorder"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus Xq21.33-q22\""]}
,{"Name": "Artemisinin", "Synonyms": ["Artesunate"], "Parents": ["Antimalarial drug"], "Treats": ["Malaria"], "Description": ["\"Derviived from the herb Artemisia annua. \nThe most rapid action of all current drugs against falciparum .\nUse of the drug by itself as a monotherapy is  discouraged. \nIncreasingly being used in Plasmodium vivax .\n\nCombination therapy:\nArtesunate and amodiaquine\nArtesunate and mefloquine\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma of endometrium", "Synonyms": ["Endometrial cancer", "Endometrial carcinoma", "Uterine cancer"], "Causes": ["Obesity", "Type II diabetes mellitus", "Nulliparity", "High oestrogen", "Early menarche", "Late menopause", "Endometrial hyperplasia", "Tamoxifen", "Granulosa cell tumour", "Pelvic irradiation", "HNPCC gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Post-menopausal bleeding", "Menorrhagia"], "Parents": ["Uterine cancer"], "Treatments": ["Hysterectomy", "Radiotherapy"], "Description": ["\"age 55-65\nRisk proportional to the lifetime duration of exposure of endometrium to oestrogen. \ni.e.  early menarche - late menopause\""]}
,{"Name": "Pleural rub", "Causes": ["Exudate pleural effusion", "Pericarditis"], "Parents": ["Auscultatory lung sign"]}
,{"Name": "Thyroid antibody", "Effects": ["Graves disease", "Recurrent miscarriage", "Post-partum thyroiditis"], "Parents": ["Antibody"], "Children": ["Anti-microsomal antibody", "Thyroglobulin antibody", "TSH receptor antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Japanese encephalitis", "Causes": ["Mosquito bite"], "Effects": ["Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Flavivirus"]}
,{"Name": "High urine magnesium", "Causes": ["Fanconi syndrome"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Ileostomy", "Effects": ["Gut electrolyte loss"], "Parents": ["Bowel surgery"], "Treats": ["Crohn's disease"]}
,{"Name": "Frothy urine", "Causes": ["Proteinuria"], "Parents": ["Observation sign", "Urine sign"]}
,{"Name": "Anti-microsomal antibody", "Synonyms": ["Thyroid peroxidase antibody", "TPO antibody"], "Effects": ["Hashimoto thyroiditis"], "Parents": ["Thyroid antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Methaemalbuminaemia", "Causes": ["Intravascular haemolysis"], "Effects": ["Positive Schumm test"]}
,{"Name": "Pyknocytosis", "Causes": ["Infantile pyknocytosis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"]}
,{"Name": "Lateral edge of foot sensory loss", "Synonyms": ["Lateral border of foot sensory loss", "Outer border of foot sensory loss", "Lateral sole sensory loss"], "Causes": ["S1 root lesion"], "Parents": ["Localised sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Drowsiness", "Synonyms": ["Decreased conscious level"], "Causes": ["Sedative drug", "Hypoglycaemia", "Acute hypoxia", "Hypercapnia", "Shock", "Epileptic seizure", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Phenytoin toxicity", "Ethosuximide", "Kernicterus"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom", "Sleep disorder"], "Children": ["Fluctuating conscious level"]}
,{"Name": "Canine or feline", "Synonyms": ["Cat or dog"], "Effects": ["Nematode", "Giardiasis", "Campylobacter jejuni", "Scabies", "Tinea cruris", "Toxoplasmosis", "Cat scratch fever"], "Parents": ["Pet"]}
,{"Name": "UMPS gene mutation", "Effects": ["Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 3q13\""]}
,{"Name": "Mobitz type I heart block", "Synonyms": ["Wenkebach phenomenon"], "Causes": ["Vasovagal reflex"], "Effects": ["Variable PR interval", "Irregular pulse"], "Parents": ["Second degree atrioventricular block"], "Treatments": ["Temporary pacing"], "Description": ["\"PR interval increases in length successive beats\nThen a missed beat.\nTransient and benign", "not treated unless symptomatic\""]}
,{"Name": "Vaginitis", "Causes": ["Vaginal candidiasis", "Atrophic vaginitis", "Chlamydial veneral infection", "Genital herpes"], "Effects": ["Vulval pruritus", "Vaginal discharge", "Superficial dyspareunia"]}
,{"Name": "Pre-eclampsia", "Synonyms": ["Toxaemia of pregnancy"], "Causes": ["Primiparity", "Older maternal age", "Hypertension", "Obesity", "Type II diabetes mellitus", "Multiple birth", "Chronic renal failure", "Hydatidiform mole", "Placental hydrops", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Weight gain", "Pitting ankle oedema", "Hypertension", "Proteinuria", "Malignant hypertension", "Seizure", "Hypoalbuminaemia", "High plasma urate", "HELLP syndrome", "Eclampsia", "Epigastric pain", "Thrombocytopenia", "Premature birth", "Maternal Risk", "Acquired hypercoagulable state"], "Parents": ["Complication of pregnancy", "Toxaemia", "Complication of childbirth"], "Treatments": ["Magnesium sulfate", "Hydralazine", "Childbirth"], "Description": ["\"insufficient dilatation of uterine spiral arteries\nRx H2 blocker during delivery\n\nIncidence  5%\n90% occur after 34th week\n\nEclampsia = development of seizures\nIt has a 2% maternal mortality  rate.\n\nManagement:\n- Close monitoring\n- Magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures\n- Antihypertensives\n -Induction of labor\n\nClose to term-  immediate delivery. \n\nIn eclampsisa - delivery is immediate regardless of fetal age\nbecause of the danger to the mother.\n\nPost partum", "blood pressure returns to normal.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency", "Effects": ["Congenital methaemoglobinemia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\"CYB5R3 gene mutation\""]}
,{"Name": "Canavan disease", "Causes": ["Ashkenazi Jew", "ASPA gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Macrocephaly", "Mental retardation", "Global developmental delay", "Neonatal hypotonia"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive disorder", "Leukodystrophy"], "Description": ["\"ASPA gene chromosome 17\nDegeneration of myelin in the phospholipid layerof the axon.\nLive only into childhood.\""]}
,{"Name": "Antimuscarinic drug", "Synonyms": ["Anticholinergic"], "Causes": ["Tricyclic antidepressant"], "Effects": ["Dry eye", "Xerostomia", "Dilated pupil", "Clouding of vision", "Decreased gut motility", "Detrusor Failure", "Bronchodilation", "Bladder outflow obstruction", "Hallucination", "Acute glaucoma", "Hyperthermia"], "Parents": ["Peripheral nervous system drug", "Urological drug"], "Children": ["Flavoxate", "Oxybutinin", "Tolterodine", "Solifenacin", "Atropine", "Propantheline", "Phenothiazine", "Benzhexol", "Hyoscine", "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Ipratropium"], "Treats": ["Achalasia cardia", "Diverticulitis", "Ulcerative colitis", "Detrusor instability", "Sinus bradycardia", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "Neurogenic bladder"], "Description": ["\"Cause detrusor failure rather than actual obstruction.\r\nHowever symptoms are those of obstruction.\""]}
,{"Name": "Aura", "Causes": ["Migraine", "Epilepsy"], "Effects": ["Seeing lights", "Expressive aphasia", "Paraesthesia", "Phantosmia"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"], "Description": ["\"Cascading\nDistortion\nMelting\nJumbling\nDots\nZig-zag fortification spectra\""]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["Epithelial cell malignancy", "Cancer of epithelium"], "Parents": ["Malignancy"], "Children": ["Carcinoma of skin", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Carcinoma Tongue", "Carcinoma mouth", "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Carcinoma of thyroid", "Lung malignancy", "Carcinoma of breast", "Genitourinary carcinoma", "Carcinoma of liver", "Adrenal carcinoma", "Mucinous carcinoma", "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Parotid", "Gastrointestinal carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Hypomagnesaemia", "Synonyms": ["Low magnesium", "Hypomagnesemia"], "Causes": ["Diarrhoea", "Diabetic ketoacidosis", "Frusemide", "Hungry bone syndrome", "Bartter syndrome", "Total parenteral nutrition", "Proton pump inhibitor"], "Effects": ["Chondrocalcinosis", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Prolonged QT interval", "Fasciculation", "Digoxin toxicity", "Restless legs syndrome", "High urinary Potassium", "Tetany", "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia"], "Parents": ["Electrolyte imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Mixed motor weakness", "Synonyms": ["Combined upper motor neurone and lower motor neurone lesion", "Absent ankle jerk and extensor plantars", "Absent AJ and extensor plantar", "Absent ankle jerk and upgoing plantar", "Mixed upper and lower motor neurone weakness"], "Causes": ["Friedrich ataxia", "Motor neurone disease", "Tabes dorsalis", "Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord", "Conus medullaris syndrome", "Diabetes mellitus"], "Effects": ["Corticospinal tract lesion", "Lower motor neurone lesion", "Paraplegia"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"]}
,{"Name": "Haemoptysis", "Causes": ["Bronchial carcinoma", "Pulmonary embolus", "Mitral stenosis", "Post-primary tuberculosis", "Pulmonary oedema", "Bronchiectasis", "Cavitating lung lesion", "Microscopic polyangiitis", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Caplan syndrome", "Goodpasture syndrome", "Weil disease", "Pulmonary haemorrhage", "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation", "Pneumonic plague"], "Effects": ["Acute blood loss"], "Parents": ["Sputum", "Cough", "Respiratory symptom", "Cardiovascular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Femoro-popliteal bypass", "Parents": ["Vascular surgery"]}
,{"Name": "Neostigmine", "Parents": ["Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Eosinophilic pneumonia", "Synonyms": ["Eosinophilic pneumonitis", "Pulmonary eosinophilia"], "Causes": ["Loeffler syndrome", "Ascaris lumbricoides", "Strongyloides stercoralis", "Wucheria bancrofti", "Fasciola hepatica", "Ankylostoma", "Toxocara canis", "Sulphonamide", "Hydralazine", "Nitrofurantoin"], "Effects": ["Eosinophilia", "Polyphonic wheeze"], "Parents": ["Pneumonia"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Stress polycythaemia", "Synonyms": ["Pseudopolycythaemia", "Gaisboeck disease", "Gaisbock disease", "Gaissbock disease", "Gaissboeck disease", "Gaissbock syndrome", "Gaisb\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdck disease"], "Causes": ["Emotional stress"], "Effects": ["Polycythaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Essential vulvodynia", "Parents": ["Vulval skin disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Intrathecal drug", "Effects": ["Noninfective meningitis"]}
,{"Name": "Adrenal hyperplasia", "Synonyms": ["Hyperplasia of adrenal gland"], "Causes": ["Increased ACTH"], "Effects": ["Adrenal cortical hyperfunction", "Conn syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Glycoproteinosis", "Parents": ["Lysosomal storage disorder"], "Children": ["Fucosidosis", "Alpha-mannosidosis", "Sialidosis"], "Description": ["\"Fucosidosis and sialidosis overlap in classifications as both mucolipidosis and glycoproteinosis(marfan\""]}
,{"Name": "Anti-intrinsic factor antibody", "Synonyms": ["Antibody to intrinsic factor", "Antibody to IF"], "Effects": ["Pernicious anaemia"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Small fibre neuropathy", "Synonyms": ["Painful neuropathy"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus", "Systemic amyloidosis", "Leprosy", "Myeloma"], "Effects": ["Dissociated sensory loss", "Neuropathic pain"], "Parents": ["Neuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Floppy baby syndrome", "Causes": ["Congenital muscular dystrophy"]}
,{"Name": "Supraventricular arrhythmia", "Parents": ["Cardiac arrhythmia"], "Children": ["Sinus tachycardia", "Sinus bradycardia", "Atrial tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Fanconi triad", "Causes": ["Fanconi syndrome"], "Effects": ["Hyperaminoaciduria", "Proteinuria", "Phosphaturia"]}
,{"Name": "Hypertortuosity of retinal vessels", "Synonyms": ["Tortuous retinal vessels"], "Causes": ["Retinal vein occlusion", "Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Coarctation of the aorta", "Coats disease"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign", "Hypertensive retinopathy", "Proliferative retinopathy"]}
,{"Name": "NIPBL gene mutation", "Effects": ["Cornelia de Lange syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"]}
,{"Name": "Primidone", "Synonyms": ["Pyrimidinedione"], "Effects": ["Acute intermittent porphyria"], "Parents": ["Barbiturate"], "Treats": ["Complex seizure", "Benign essential tremor"], "Description": ["\"metabolised to phenobarb\""]}
,{"Name": "Hypercatabolic state", "Causes": ["Malignant hyperpyrexia", "Thyrotoxicosis", "Anorexia nervosa", "Friedrich ataxia", "Astrocytoma"]}
,{"Name": "Lipoatrophy", "Synonyms": ["Diabetic lipoatrophy"], "Causes": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Description": ["\"Occurs at injection sites\""]}
,{"Name": "Restlessness", "Synonyms": ["Agitation", "Irritability"], "Causes": ["Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia", "Mercury", "Generalised anxiety disorder"], "Parents": ["Psychological problem"]}
,{"Name": "African origin", "Synonyms": ["Afro-caribbean origin", "African American"], "Effects": ["Essential hypertension", "Asthma", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Sarcoidosis", "Burkitt lymphoma", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Neutropenia", "Fievre boutonneuse", "Liddle syndrome", "Aortic dissection", "Myometrial cancer", "Chronic glaucoma", "Glaucoma", "Atherosclerosis", "Insulin resistance", "Prostate cancer", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"], "Parents": ["Ethnic origin"], "Description": ["\"stroke  risk is 60% higher than the general population\""]}
,{"Name": "Blood film", "Synonyms": ["Haematological sign"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"], "Children": ["Reticulocytosis", "Thrombocytosis", "Leukocytosis", "Leukopaenia", "Marrow normoblastosis", "Thrombocytopenia", "Hypochromia", "Schistocytosis", "Hypersegmented granulocytes", "Ovalocytosis", "Macrocytosis", "Poikilocytosis", "Megathrombocytosis", "Osmotic lysis test", "Prolymphocytosis", "Atypical mononeucleocytes", "Dimorphic blood film", "Howell-Jolly bodies", "Rouleaux", "Blast cells", "Macrothrombocytopaenia", "Pancytopaenia", "Leukoerythroblastosis", "Smear cells", "Atypical monocytes", "Auer rods", "Pencil cells", "Sezary cell", "Reed-Sternberg cell positive", "Bilobed mononucleocyte", "Spherocyte", "Ringed sideroblast", "Basophilic stippling", "Pelger-Huet neutrophil", "Greater than 0.5% ring forms", "Erythroid precursor", "Target cells", "Polycythaemia", "Heinz body", "Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Dohle body", "Left-shift of neutrophils", "Myeloblastosis", "Normoblast", "Myelocyte", "Acanthocytosis", "Anisocytosis", "Microcytosis", "Pyknocytosis", "Stomatocytosis", "Promyelocyte", "No reticulocytes"]}
,{"Name": "Stavudine", "Effects": ["Toxic neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Mycoplasmataceae infection", "Parents": ["Bacterial infection"], "Children": ["Mycoplasmal infection", "Ureaplasma urealyticum"], "Description": ["\"Bacteriae with no cell wall\nRenders multiple antibiotics directed at the bacterial cell wall ineffective. \n\n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdmykes\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd", "meaning fungus and \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdplasma\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd", "meaning formed-\nderived from the fungal-like growth of the species.\""]}
,{"Name": "Isoprenaline", "Synonyms": ["N-Isopropyl noradrenaline"], "Effects": ["Beta adrenergic stimulation"], "Parents": ["Catecholamine", "Beta adrenoceptor agonist"]}
,{"Name": "Toxaemia", "Effects": ["Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Children": ["Pre-eclampsia", "Eclampsia"]}
,{"Name": "Insulinoma", "Causes": ["Pancreatic islet tumour"], "Effects": ["Hyperinsulinaemia", "Metabolic neuropathy", "Whipple's traid"], "Description": ["\"Incidence 4 per million\n10% malignant\n10% multiple\n10% are MEN1\nRx Diazoxide\""]}
,{"Name": "Milrinone", "Effects": ["Positive inotropic effect"], "Parents": ["Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Cold abscess", "Causes": ["Post-primary tuberculosis"], "Parents": ["Abscess"], "Description": ["\"Rx triple therapy", "surgical decortication\""]}
,{"Name": "Onion", "Parents": ["Carminative"]}
,{"Name": "Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy", "Synonyms": ["JME"], "Parents": ["Primary generalised epilepsy"]}
,{"Name": "Type II cryoglobulinaemia", "Synonyms": ["Mixed cryoglobulinaemia"], "Causes": ["Hepatitis C", "Essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia", "Sjogren syndrome", "Lymphoproliferative disorder"], "Parents": ["Cryoglobulinaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Valvular incompetence", "Effects": ["Varicocele"]}
,{"Name": "Ten serious rashes", "Parents": ["Skin signs on examination"], "Children": ["Meningococcal septicaemia", "Primary vasculitis", "Stevens-Johnson syndrome", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation", "Toxic epidermal necrolysis", "Necrotising fasciitis", "Pemphigus vulgaris", "Herpes zoster"], "Description": ["\" It is critical to identify purpura- a sign of infection", "vasculitis", "or platelet disorder.\n Examine the oral and eyelid mucosa as well as the nail beds. \""]}
,{"Name": "Status epilepticus", "Causes": ["Seizure"], "Effects": ["Rhabdomyolysis", "Apnoea", "Hyperthermia", "Burst suppression", "Epileptic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Panhypopituitarism", "Causes": ["Pituitary adenoma", "Pituitary surgery", "Craniopharyngioma", "Meningioma", "Sheehan post-partum pituitary necrosis", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Pituitary apoplexy", "Miliary tuberculosis", "Haemochromatosis", "Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Langerhans cell histiocytosis"], "Effects": ["Low thyroid stimulating hormone", "Hypothyroidism", "Amenorrhoea", "Breast atrophy", "Adrenocortical insufficiency", "Low growth hormone", "Cranial diabetes insipidus"], "Parents": ["Pituitary disease", "Congenital endocrine disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Knee pain", "Causes": ["Osgood-Schlatter disease"], "Effects": ["Antalgic gait"], "Parents": ["Lower limb symptom", "Arthralgia"]}
,{"Name": "Urinary urgency", "Synonyms": ["Urgency", "Urgency to urinate"], "Causes": ["Detrusor instability", "Carcinoma of urinary bladder", "Invasive transitional cell cancer of urinary tract", "Bladder calculus", "Interstitial cystitis"], "Parents": ["Lower urinary tract symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Swimming in Lake Malawi", "Effects": ["Schistosoma mansoni"], "Parents": ["Travel", "Swimming in a lake"]}
,{"Name": "Neurological disease", "Parents": ["Disease", "Neurology"], "Children": ["Epilepsy", "Encephalopathy", "Intracranial bleed", "Myasthenia", "Normal pressure hydrocephalus", "Dysautonomia", "Hereditary muscular dystrophy", "Neuroacanthocytosis", "Morvan syndrome", "Neuropathy", "Multiple sclerosis", "Pituitary disease", "Primary headache disorder", "Inclusion body myositis", "Rapid eye movement sleep behavioural disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Ramipril", "Parents": ["Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor"], "Description": ["\"25% decreased all-cause mortality 2 years post-MI\""]}
,{"Name": "Primary ciliary dyskinesia", "Causes": ["Kartagener syndrome"], "Effects": ["Ciliary dysmotility"]}
,{"Name": "Excessive sleep", "Synonyms": ["Increased sleep"], "Effects": ["Increased growth hormone secretion", "Migraine"]}
,{"Name": "Metonymy", "Synonyms": ["Metonyms"], "Parents": ["Disconnected thought"]}
,{"Name": "Endometrial hyperplasia", "Causes": ["Anovulatory cycle", "Hormone replacement therapy", "Polycystic ovary syndrome", "Granulosa cell tumour"], "Effects": ["Carcinoma of endometrium"]}
,{"Name": "NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis", "Synonyms": ["N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis", "NMDA antibody-mediated encephalitis", "NMDA encephalitis"], "Effects": ["Limbic encephalitis"]}
,{"Name": "Acquired strabismus", "Causes": ["Refractive errors", "Retinoblastoma", "Retro-orbital mass", "Orbital injury", "Eye muscle inflammation", "Disjunct gaze palsy", "Dysconjugate gaze paresis"], "Parents": ["Strabismus", "Childhood ocular problems"]}
,{"Name": "Lobar pneumonia", "Causes": ["Blocked bronchus"], "Effects": ["Crepitations", "Exudate pleural effusion"], "Parents": ["Pneumonia"]}
,{"Name": "Citalopram", "Parents": ["Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Ankylostoma", "Effects": ["Eosinophilic pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Nematode"]}
,{"Name": "Friedrich ataxia", "Synonyms": ["Spinocerebellar ataxia 6", "SCA6", "SCA-6"], "Causes": ["Chromosome 9 mutation", "FXN gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Cerebellar ataxia", "Bulbar palsy", "Cerebellar lesion", "Dorsal column lesion", "Congenital peripheral neuropathy", "Mixed motor weakness", "Pes cavus", "High arched palate", "Kyphosis", "Scoliosis", "Optic atrophy", "Retinitis pigmentosa", "Diabetes mellitus", "Sensorineural deafness", "Hypercatabolic state"], "Parents": ["Triplet repeat disease", "Autosomal recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"GAA*TCC repeat in X25 frataxin gene\""]}
,{"Name": "Multiple system failure", "Causes": ["Toxic shock syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral infarction", "Synonyms": ["Cerebral ischaemic damage", "Ischaemic brain damage", "Ischaemic stroke"], "Causes": ["Arterial embolus", "Carotid occlusive disease", "Intracerebral haemorrhage", "Paradoxical embolus", "Acute hypoxia", "Carotid artery dissection", "Hypoglycaemia", "Intravascular thrombus formation", "Cerebral autosomal dominant angiopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy", "Migraine", "Cerebral vasculitis", "Mitochondrial myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes", "Peripheral vascular disease", "Amphetamine", "Fibromuscular dysplasia", "Fabry disease", "Alpers syndrome", "Congenital autosomal recessive angiopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy"], "Effects": ["Cerebral lesion", "Cerebral oedema", "Vascular dementia", "Chorea"], "Parents": ["Cerebrovascular accident", "Cerebrovascular disease"], "Treatments": ["Aspirin", "Clopidogrel", "Thrombolysis", "Dipyridamole"]}
,{"Name": "Ewing sarcoma", "Causes": ["Caucasian"], "Effects": ["Painless lump", "Onion skin appearance", "Lung metastasis"], "Parents": ["Osteosarcoma", "Bone tumour", "Childhood malignancy"], "Treatments": ["Vincristine", "Doxorubicin", "Etoposide"], "Description": ["\"Long bones of the arm", "forearm.\nOrigin from mesenchymal cells.\n5yr survival 50%\""]}
,{"Name": "Ventricular tachyarrhythmia", "Causes": ["Myocardial infarction", "Cardiac surgery", "Dilated cardiomyopathy", "Hypokalaemia", "Hypomagnesaemia", "Prinzmetal angina", "Thrombolysis", "Flecainide", "Digoxin", "Sympathomimetic", "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Infiltrative cardiomyopathy", "Electrocution", "Hyperkalaemia", "Brugada syndrome", "Commotio cordis"], "Parents": ["Ventricular arrhythmia"], "Children": ["Ventricular tachycardia", "Ventricular fibrillation"]}
,{"Name": "Dental procedure", "Synonyms": ["Dental surgery", "Tooth extraction", "Dental extraction"], "Effects": ["Bacterial endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Dental abscess"]}
,{"Name": "Lupus anticoagulant", "Effects": ["Antiphospholipid syndrome"], "Parents": ["Antibody"]}
,{"Name": "McCune Albright syndrome", "Causes": ["GNAS gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Increased androgen secretion", "Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia", "Multinodular goitre", "Tall stature", "Generalised hyperpigmentation"]}
,{"Name": "ALPL gene mutation", "Effects": ["Hypophosphatasia"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 1p36.12\""]}
,{"Name": "Spirillum minus", "Effects": ["Rat-bite fever"]}
,{"Name": "Vocal cord palsy", "Causes": ["Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy"], "Effects": ["Dysphonia"], "Parents": ["Laryngology"]}
,{"Name": "Cardiomyopathy", "Effects": ["Mitral regurgitation", "Left bundle branch block", "Third degree atrioventricular block", "Heart failure", "Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Myocardial disease", "Childhood heart disease"], "Children": ["Dilated cardiomyopathy", "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "Restrictive cardiomyopathy", "Infiltrative cardiomyopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Pharyngitis", "Synonyms": ["Simple angina"], "Causes": ["Infectious mononucleosis", "HIV seroconversion illness", "Lyme disease", "Vincent angina", "Chancroid", "Oropharyngeal anthrax"], "Effects": ["Quinsy", "Ludwig angina"]}
,{"Name": "Thought withdrawal", "Parents": ["Schneider first rank criterion", "Altered thought posession"]}
,{"Name": "Raised IgG", "Causes": ["Chronic active hepatitis"], "Parents": ["Immunological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Cefadroxil", "Parents": ["Cephalosporin"]}
,{"Name": "Retro-orbital mass", "Synonyms": ["Raised intraorbital pressure", "Retroorbital mass"], "Causes": ["Eye muscle inflammation", "Neurofibroma", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Ocular metastasis"], "Effects": ["Retinal vein occlusion", "Proptosis", "Restrictive diplopia", "Complex ophthalmoplegia", "Acquired strabismus"]}
,{"Name": "Low urinary N-methylnicotinamide", "Causes": ["Nicotinic acid deficiency"], "Parents": ["Urinalysis"]}
,{"Name": "Temporal arteritis", "Synonyms": ["GCA", "Giant cell arteritis"], "Causes": ["Polymyalgia rheumatica"], "Effects": ["Fatigue", "Chronic headache", "Raised ESR", "Central retinal artery occlusion", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Absent radial pulse", "Non-caseating granuloma"], "Parents": ["Primary vasculitis"], "Treatments": ["Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Focal seizure", "Causes": ["Localisation-related epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Epileptic seizure"]}
,{"Name": "Football", "Effects": ["Chronic traumatic encephalopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Immunosuppression", "Causes": ["Hyposplenism", "Immunosuppressant drug", "Chemotheraputic drug", "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Bone marrow suppression", "Hypogammaglobulinaemia", "Cushing syndrome", "Ehrlichiosis"], "Effects": ["Lymphopaenia", "Neutropenia", "Candida endophthalmitis", "Invasive aspergillosis", "Malignant melanoma", "Squamous cell skin cancer", "Molluscum contagiosum", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "Opportunistic infection", "Trigger for viral infection"], "Parents": ["Immunological pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Raised alpha-2 globulin", "Synonyms": ["Raised a2-globulin", "Raised alpha-2-globulin", "High ?2-globulin"], "Causes": ["Protein-losing enteropathy"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Primary dystonia", "Effects": ["Dystonia"]}
,{"Name": "Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Synonyms": ["Oesophageal cancer", "Oesophageal carcinoma", "Ca oesophagus"], "Causes": ["Barrett's oesophagus", "Plummer-Vinson syndrome", "Tylosis", "Achalasia cardia", "Caustic soda", "Betel nut", "Obesity", "RHBDF2 gene mutation", "Howel-Evans syndrome"], "Effects": ["Dysphagia", "Dull chest pain", "Oesophageal stenosis", "Bone metastasis", "Rupture of oesophagus", "Bazex syndrome", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology", "Carcinoma", "Gastrointestinal carcinoma"], "Treatments": ["Oesophagectomy", "Chemotheraputic drug", "Radiotherapy", "Weight loss"], "Description": ["\"\n5yr survival = 20%\n\nTREATMENT:\nUpper 1/3 of oesophagus - \nRadiation\nChemotherapy\n\nOthers :\nOesophagectomy+/-\n     -Chemotherapy\n     - Radiation\""]}
,{"Name": "Mesenteric vein thrombosis", "Effects": ["Bowel ischaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Prader-Willi syndrome", "Effects": ["Neonatal hypotonia", "Hyperphagia"], "Parents": ["Congenital neurological disease", "Genetic imprinting"], "Description": ["\"Genetic imprinting at 15q11 Paternal derived\""]}
,{"Name": "Azathioprine", "Effects": ["Acute pancreatitis", "Bone marrow suppression", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Cholestasis", "Drug-induced hepatitis", "Drug fever", "Nausea and vomiting"], "Parents": ["Purine analogue", "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug"], "Treats": ["Dermatomyositis", "Discoid lupus erythematosus", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Crohn's disease", "Cerebral vasculitis", "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Turcot syndrome", "Effects": ["Familial adenomatous polyposis coli", "Colonic polyp", "Glioma", "Medulloblastoma"], "Parents": ["Congenital neoplastic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Asystole", "Causes": ["Adenosine", "Hypovolaemia", "Acute hypoxia", "Acidosis", "Hypothermia", "Hyperkalaemia", "Hypokalaemia", "Hypoglycaemia", "Myocardial infarction", "Pulmonary embolus", "Drug toxicity", "Cardiac tamponade", "Tension pneumothorax"], "Parents": ["Ventricular arrhythmia", "Cardiac arrest"], "Treatments": ["Cardiopulmonary resuscitation"]}
,{"Name": "Bigeminy", "Causes": ["Digoxin toxicity", "Thrombolysis"], "Parents": ["Ventricular arrhythmia"]}
,{"Name": "Progressive nonfluent aphasia", "Synonyms": ["PNFA", "Nonfluent progressive aphasia"], "Effects": ["Agrammatism", "Anomia", "Expressive aphasia", "Circumlocution", "Surface dyslexia", "Deep dyslexia"], "Parents": ["Frontotemporal dementia"]}
,{"Name": "Benign melanoma", "Parents": ["Benign neoplasm", "Skin Tumours"], "Children": ["Junctional Naevus", "Compound Naevus", "Intradermal naevus", "Blue Naevus", "Congenital Giant Naevus", "Dysplastic Naevus", "Halo Naevus"], "Description": ["\"Also known as a melanocytic nevus.\n\nA benign tumour composed of melanocytes\n\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "High plasma urate", "Synonyms": ["Hyperuricaemia", "High plasma uric acid"], "Causes": ["Increased red cell turnover", "Pre-eclampsia", "Myeloma renal disease", "Tumour lysis syndrome", "Myeloproliferative disorder", "Lymphoproliferative disorder", "Chemotheraputic drug", "Haemolysis", "Pregnancy", "Chronic renal failure", "Chronic infection", "Increased purine turnover", "Decreased urate clearance", "Psoriasis", "Metabolic acidosis", "Thiazide", "Aspirin", "Cyclosporin", "Ethambutol", "Pyrazinamide", "Hypothyroidism", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Hyperparathyroidism", "Lead poisoning", "Lesch Nyhan syndrome", "Von Gierke disease", "Obesity", "Alcoholism", "Erythroderma", "Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency", "Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity"], "Effects": ["Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Gout", "Uric acid stone"], "Parents": ["Biochemical investigation", "Acquired metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Intravascular thrombus formation", "Causes": ["Thrombotic microangiopathy", "Sickle cell anaemia", "Disseminated intravascular coagulation"], "Effects": ["Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Thrombocytopenia", "Cerebral infarction", "Seizure"], "Parents": ["Thrombosis"]}
,{"Name": "Medial cord of brachial plexus lesion", "Effects": ["Ulnar claw hand"], "Parents": ["Brachial plexus lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Cold sore", "Causes": ["Herpes simplex type I", "Trigger for viral infection"], "Parents": ["Contagious disease", "Childhood infections"]}
,{"Name": "Allen test positive", "Synonyms": ["Ulnar artery insufficiency"], "Causes": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Raynaud disease", "Thromboangiitis obliterans"], "Parents": ["Hand sign"], "Description": ["\"1.Elevate patients hand and ask him to make a fist for about 30 seconds.\n 2.Pressure is applied over the ulnar and the radial arteries so as to occlude both of them.\n 3.Still elevated", "the hand is then opened. It should appear blanched.\n 4.Ulnar pressure is released and the colour should return in 7 seconds.\n \nIf color returns as described above", "the Allen's test is considered to be \"positive.\"\nIf color fails to return", "the test is considered \"negative\" and the ulnar artery supply to the hand is not sufficient. The radial artery therefore cannot be safely pricked/cannulated.\n\nAllen's test is also performed prior to heart bypass surgery. \nThe radial artery is occasionally used as a conduit for bypass surgery", "and its patency lasts longer in comparison to the saphenous veins. \""]}
,{"Name": "Burkholderia cepacia infection", "Synonyms": ["Pseudomonas cepacia"], "Causes": ["Cystic fibrosis"], "Parents": ["Gram negative bacillus"]}
,{"Name": "Hypoplastic fingernails", "Causes": ["Edward's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Observation sign", "Nail sign"]}
,{"Name": "High renin", "Causes": ["Increased sympathetic tone", "Hypovolaemia", "Renal artery stenosis", "Decreased angiotensin II", "Bartter syndrome", "Scleroderma renal crisis"], "Effects": ["Renal fluid retention"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital strabismus", "Causes": ["Albinism", "Cerebral palsy", "Down syndrome", "Angelman syndrome", "Fragile X syndrome", "Noonan syndrome", "Ocular granuloma", "Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency"], "Parents": ["Strabismus"]}
,{"Name": "Cognitive disturbance", "Synonyms": ["Cognitive impairment", "Cognitive sign", "Impaired cognition"], "Causes": ["Dementia", "Delirium", "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "Mental retardation", "Epileptic encephalopathy"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric sign", "Neurological sign"], "Children": ["Amnesia", "Disorientation", "Decreased concentration", "Behavioural change", "Decreased IQ", "Mutism", "Lack of insight", "Mental slowing", "Disinhibition", "Perseveration"]}
,{"Name": "Neonatal respiratory distress", "Synonyms": ["Infant respiratory distress syndrome"], "Causes": ["Premature birth", "Dystocia", "Hydrops fetalis", "Oligohydramnios", "Meconium aspiration"], "Effects": ["Leukoerythroblastosis"]}
,{"Name": "Hypersensitivity reaction", "Parents": ["Immunological pathology"], "Children": ["Type I hypersensitivity reaction", "Type III hypersensitivity reaction", "Type IV hypersensitivity reaction"]}
,{"Name": "Overflow incontinence", "Causes": ["Bladder outflow obstruction"], "Parents": ["Urinary incontinence"]}
,{"Name": "Chest tightness", "Causes": ["Chest pain", "Bronchoconstriction", "Dyspnoea", "Panic attack"], "Parents": ["Respiratory symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Spine deformity", "Parents": ["Orthopaedic malformations"], "Children": ["Spina bifida", "Scoliosis", "Kyphosis", "Klippel-Feil syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Synonyms": ["Ank spond", "Marie-Struempell disease", "Von Bechterew disease"], "Causes": ["HLA-B27", "Inflammatory bowel disease", "Polygenic inheritance"], "Effects": ["Question mark posture", "Kyphosis", "Positive Schober test", "Bamboo spine", "Syndesmophyte", "Romanus lesion", "Fatigue", "IgA nephropathy", "Atrioventricular block", "Apical lung fibrosis", "Prostatitis", "Cauda equina syndrome", "Scleritis", "Scleromalacia perforans", "Uveitis"], "Parents": ["Seronegative spondyloarthritis", "Autoimmune orthopaedic disease"], "Treatments": ["Physiotherapy", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug", "Methotrexate", "Sulphasalazine", "Hydroxychloroquine", "Radiotherapy", "Infliximab"], "Description": ["\"Male:female = 8:1\n96% are HLA-B27 positive\n30% of siblings are affected\n80% have asymptomatic prostatitis\n25% have anterior uveitis\n5% have apical fibrosis\n4% have AR after 15 yrs\""]}
,{"Name": "Epigastric hernia", "Effects": ["Epigastric pain"]}
,{"Name": "Pelvic floor weakness", "Causes": ["S234 root lesion"], "Parents": ["Muscle weakness"]}
,{"Name": "Surfactant", "Treats": ["Meconium aspiration"]}
,{"Name": "Antimitochondrial antibody", "Synonyms": ["Anti-mitochondrial antibody", "AMA"], "Causes": ["Primary biliary cirrhosis"], "Parents": ["Antibody"], "Description": ["\"Found in > 95% of PBC\n90% specific\""]}
,{"Name": "Infective conjunctivitis", "Causes": ["Adenovirus", "Herpes simplex virus", "Chickenpox", "Enterovirus", "Coxsackie virus", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Chlamydia trachomatis infection", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Congenital syphilis", "Weil disease", "Lyme disease", "Babesiosis", "Ehrlichiosis", "Cysticercosis"], "Parents": ["Conjunctivitis"], "Description": ["\"Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis  is caused by enterovirus or Coxsackie\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Toxoplasmosis", "Synonyms": ["Toxoplasma gondii infection"], "Causes": ["Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome", "Undercooked meat", "Cat faeces", "Canine or feline"], "Effects": ["Splenic response to infection", "Cerebral toxoplasmosis", "Macular degeneration", "Myositis", "Uveitis", "Infectious encephalitis", "Atypical pneumonia"], "Parents": ["Protozoan infection", "Zoonosis", "Opportunistic infection"], "Treatments": ["Atovaquone", "Clindamycin"], "Description": ["\"Rx Pyrimethamine + sulphasalazine\""]}
,{"Name": "Eye swelling", "Causes": ["Chalazion", "Hordeolum"]}
,{"Name": "Nuchal cord", "Synonyms": ["Umbilical cord around neck"], "Effects": ["Fetal stress"], "Parents": ["Complication of childbirth"], "Description": ["\"umbilical cord  wrapped around the fetal neck 360 degrees.\nPrevalence 30%. \n50%  resolve before delivery\nnot associated with adverse perinatal outcomes\n\nManagement:\nPrevent umbilical cord compression.\n it can easily be slipped over the infant\u00ef\u00bf\u00bds head\""]}
,{"Name": "Human papilloma virus", "Synonyms": ["HPV", "Papovavirus", "Papillomavirus"], "Effects": ["Papilloma", "Verruca", "Cervical cancer", "Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx"], "Parents": ["Double-stranded DNA virus", "Venereal disease"], "Children": ["Human papilloma virus 16", "Human papilloma virus 18"], "Treatments": ["Podofilox", "Podophyllotoxin", "Cryosurgery", "Excision"], "Description": ["\"HPV infection carries Cervical Cancer risk.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Cytomegalovirus retinitis", "Synonyms": ["CMV retinitis"], "Causes": ["Immunosuppressed CMV infection"], "Effects": ["Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment"], "Parents": ["Fundoscopy sign"]}
,{"Name": "Hepatic vein compression", "Causes": ["Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Liver metastasis"], "Effects": ["Budd-Chiari syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Respiratory distress", "Causes": ["Plasmodium falciparum", "Oropharyngeal anthrax"]}
,{"Name": "Enthesitis", "Synonyms": ["Tendonitis", "Inflammation of entheses", "Tendinitis"], "Causes": ["Seronegative spondyloarthritis"], "Parents": ["Tendonopathy"], "Children": ["Osgood-Schlatter disease", "Hand-foot syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased folic acid intake", "Synonyms": ["Decreased folate intake"], "Causes": ["Inadequate diet", "Alcoholism", "Infancy", "Anorexia nervosa"], "Effects": ["Folic acid deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Bing reflex", "Causes": ["Spastic paralysis"], "Parents": ["Reflex sign"], "Description": ["\"Pricking dorsum of toe causes upgoing hallux\""]}
,{"Name": "Dust mite", "Effects": ["Childhood asthma"]}
,{"Name": "Darkness", "Effects": ["Specific phobia"]}
,{"Name": "Escherichia coli O157:H7", "Synonyms": ["E. coli O157"], "Causes": ["Undercooked meat"], "Effects": ["Haemolytic uraemic syndrome", "Dysentery", "Bacterial gastroenteritis"], "Parents": ["Escherichia coli"], "Description": ["\"Mainly in beef\""]}
,{"Name": "Mitral valve replacement", "Synonyms": ["MVR"], "Parents": ["Prosthetic cardiac valve"], "Treats": ["Severe mitral stenosis", "Mitral regurgitation"]}
,{"Name": "Unreactive pupil", "Synonyms": ["Abolished light reflex"], "Causes": ["Argyll Robertson pupil", "Marcus Gunn pupil", "Fixed dilated pupils", "Constricted pupil", "Dilated pupil"], "Parents": ["Pupil sign"]}
,{"Name": "Homosexuality", "Synonyms": ["Gay", "Lesbian"], "Effects": ["CMV proctitis", "Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Hepatitis A"], "Parents": ["Lifestyle"]}
,{"Name": "Nasal flaring", "Synonyms": ["Flared nostrils"], "Causes": ["Dyspnoea"]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal venous hum", "Synonyms": ["Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome"], "Causes": ["Portal hypertension"], "Parents": ["Abdominal sign", "Auscultatory abdominal sign"], "Description": ["\"Association of hum with portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis\""]}
,{"Name": "Diverticulitis", "Causes": ["Diverticular disease"], "Effects": ["Peritonism", "Liver abscess", "Abdominal fistula", "Enterocolic fistula", "Chronic abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Surgical pathology"], "Treatments": ["Antimuscarinic drug"]}
,{"Name": "APC gene mutation", "Effects": ["Familial adenomatous polyposis coli", "Gardener's syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus  5q22.2\""]}
,{"Name": "Dorsum of foot sensory loss", "Causes": ["Common peroneal nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Localised sensory loss"]}
,{"Name": "Tyrosinemia", "Effects": ["Hereditary Fanconi syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Retinal vein occlusion", "Synonyms": ["Retinal vein thrombosis", "Papillophlebitis"], "Causes": ["Hypertension", "Diabetes mellitus", "Retro-orbital mass", "Chronic glaucoma", "Hyperviscosity", "Orbital cellulitis", "Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia"], "Effects": ["Monocular blindness", "Proptosis", "Chemosis", "Unilateral papilloedema", "Rubeosis iridis", "Hypertortuosity of retinal vessels", "Blot haemorrhage", "Macular oedema"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology", "Venous thrombosis"]}
,{"Name": "Malaise", "Synonyms": ["Unwell feeling", "Feeling unwell", "Feeling ill", "Not well"], "Causes": ["Anaemia", "Liver failure", "Heart failure", "Disseminated cancer", "Connective tissue disease", "Anticonvulsant drug", "Antihistamine", "Antidepressant", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Uraemia", "Inflammatory disease"], "Parents": ["Constitutional symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Osteitis fibrosa cystica", "Synonyms": ["Brown tumour", "Osteitis fibrocystica", "von Recklinghausen disease of bone"], "Causes": ["Primary hyperparathyroidism"], "Parents": ["Metabolic bone disease", "Bone X-ray sign"]}
,{"Name": "Claude syndrome", "Effects": ["Oculomotor nerve palsy", "Contralateral ataxia", "Rubral tremor"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"], "Description": ["\"Lesion of third nucleus and red nucleus\""]}
,{"Name": "Slow flow retinopathy", "Causes": ["Hyperviscosity", "Carotid occlusive disease", "Takayasu arteritis"], "Description": ["\"Visual disturbaces like 'looking through a watery car windscreen'\""]}
,{"Name": "Rheumatoid disease", "Causes": ["HLA-B27", "HLA-DR4", "Type III polyglandular syndrome"], "Effects": ["Rheumatoid arthritis", "Rheumatoid nodule", "Felty syndrome", "Sideroblastic anaemia", "Palmar erythema", "Rheumatoid factor positive", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Type III cryoglobulinaemia", "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Cryptogenic organising pneumonia", "Bronchiolitis obliterans", "Basal lung fibrosis", "Caplan syndrome", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Scleromalacia perforans", "Dry eye", "Scleritis", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Leucocytoclastic vasculitis", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Insulin autoantibodies", "Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis", "Mononeuritis multiplex", "Aortic regurgitation", "Mitral stenosis", "Chronic constrictive pericarditis", "Positive VDRL", "Autoimmune conjunctivitis", "Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Elevated VEGF"], "Parents": ["Collagen vascular disease"], "Description": ["\"70% have pleurisy on autopsy", "5% have radiological effusion\n25% have keratoconjunctivitis sicca\n1% have scleritis\""]}
,{"Name": "Nail-patella syndrome", "Effects": ["Triangular lunulae", "Nail dystrophy", "Hypoplastic patella", "Glomerulonephritis", "Hyperpigmented iris"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation"], "Description": ["\"Autosomal dominant\""]}
,{"Name": "Antineuronal antibody", "Parents": ["Antibody"], "Children": ["Anti-glycolipid antibody"]}
,{"Name": "Stomatocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Hydrocytosis"], "Causes": ["Alcoholism"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Description": ["\"Mouth-shaped area of central pallor\""]}
,{"Name": "Liver disease", "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Hepatitis", "Chronic liver disease", "Liver failure", "Liver abscess", "Liver granuloma", "Liver metastasis", "Carcinoma of liver", "Haemochromatosis", "Wilson's disease", "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Endometrial ablation", "Parents": ["Gynaecological surgery"], "Treats": ["Dysfunctional uterine bleeding"]}
,{"Name": "Torticollis", "Causes": ["Torsion dystonia", "Tarditive dyskinesia", "Sandifer anomaly"], "Parents": ["Neck sign", "Dystonia", "Orthopaedic malformations"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital ectropion", "Effects": ["Ectropion"]}
,{"Name": "Omeprazole", "Parents": ["Proton pump inhibitor", "P450 enzyme inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Upper gastrointestinal bleed"]}
,{"Name": "Ataxia", "Synonyms": ["Impaired coordination", "Motor incoordination"], "Causes": ["Encephalitis", "Miller-Fisher syndrome", "Ecstasy", "Subdural haematoma", "Vitamin E deficiency", "Biotinidase deficiency", "Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease"], "Parents": ["Neurological symptom"], "Children": ["Sensory ataxia", "Cerebellar ataxia"]}
,{"Name": "Antiemetic", "Synonyms": ["Anti-emetic", "Anti-sickness drug", "Anti-nausea drug"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system drug"], "Children": ["Cyclizine", "5-HT3 antagonist", "5-HT4 agonist", "Diphenhydramine", "Hyoscine"], "Treats": ["Nausea and vomiting", "Hyperemesis gravidarum"]}
,{"Name": "C5 deficiency", "Effects": ["Neisseria"], "Parents": ["Congenital complement deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Cat faeces", "Effects": ["Toxoplasmosis", "Toxocara gondii"]}
,{"Name": "Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1", "Parents": ["Crigler-Najjar syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Moon's molar", "Synonyms": ["Dome-shaped molar"], "Causes": ["Congenital syphilis"], "Parents": ["Tooth sign"], "Description": ["\"Dome-shaped deformity of first lower molars", "with underdeveloped cusps\""]}
,{"Name": "Auscultatory heart sign", "Parents": ["Auscultatory sign"], "Children": ["Murmur", "Loud first heart sound", "Early opening snap", "Ejection click", "Mid-systolic click", "Third heart sound", "Fourth heart sound", "Quiet first heart sound", "Quiet heart sounds", "Loud A2", "Fixed splitting of second heart sound", "Wide splitting of second heart sound", "Paradoxical splitting of second heart sound", "Gallop rhythm", "Pericardial rub", "Pericardial knock", "Pericardial crunch", "Carotid bruit", "Duroziez sign", "Pistol shot femorals"]}
,{"Name": "Left bundle branch block", "Synonyms": ["LBBB"], "Causes": ["Myocardial ischaemia", "Myocardial infarction", "Cardiomyopathy", "Hypertension", "Aortic regurgitation", "Aortic stenosis", "Myocarditis"], "Effects": ["Paradoxical splitting of second heart sound"], "Parents": ["Heart block"]}
,{"Name": "Schistocytosis", "Synonyms": ["Schistocytes", "Red cell fragments"], "Causes": ["Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia", "Myelodysplastic syndrome", "Intravascular haemolysis"], "Parents": ["Blood film"], "Children": ["Burr cells", "Helmet cells", "Triangle cells"]}
,{"Name": "Fievre boutonneuse", "Synonyms": ["Rickettsia conori", "Fi\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdvre boutonneuse", "Mediterranean spotted fever", "African tic bite fever", "Marseilles fever"], "Causes": ["Tic bite", "Mediterranean origin", "African origin"], "Effects": ["Macular rash", "Photophobia"], "Parents": ["Tic-borne typhus", "Rickettsia", "Tic-borne bacterial disease"], "Description": ["\"boutonneuse - French for spotty- due to its papular skin rash \""]}
,{"Name": "Topical salicylic acid", "Parents": ["Dermatological drug"], "Treats": ["Corn", "Callus", "Papilloma"], "Description": ["\"Kertaolytic\""]}
,{"Name": "Onchocercomatosis", "Synonyms": ["Leopard skin"], "Causes": ["River blindness"], "Parents": ["Hyperpigmentation"]}
,{"Name": "Cytomegalovirus", "Synonyms": ["CMV"], "Effects": ["Aplastic anaemia", "Splenic response to infection", "CMV nephritis", "Guillain-Barre syndrome", "CMV proctitis", "Atypical pneumonia", "Viral meningitis", "Viral hepatitis", "Haemophagocytosis syndrome", "Infectious neuropathy", "Oesophagitis", "Anti-GM2 antibody", "Hydrops fetalis", "Miscarriage", "Neural tube defect"], "Parents": ["Herpes virus", "Opportunistic gut infection"], "Children": ["Immunosuppressed CMV infection"]}
,{"Name": "Gumma", "Synonyms": ["Luetic gumma"], "Causes": ["Tertiary syphilis"], "Effects": ["Caseating granuloma"], "Description": ["\"Granuloma of skin", "mucosa", "bone", "joints.\""]}
,{"Name": "Post-micturiton dribble", "Parents": ["Lower urinary tract symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Chilblains", "Synonyms": ["Pernio", "Perniosis"], "Causes": ["Cold weather", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Peripheral vascular disease", "Anorexia nervosa"], "Effects": ["Pruritus", "Hand pain", "Secondary vasculitis"], "Description": ["\"Capillary damage from cold\nDorsum of digits\""]}
,{"Name": "Aromatic acid decarboxylase deficiency", "Causes": ["DDC gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Global developmental delay", "Chorea", "Autonomic neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"], "Description": ["\" DDC gene mutation\""]}
,{"Name": "Barrett's oesophagus", "Causes": ["Gastrooesophageal reflux disease", "Male gender", "Caucasian"], "Effects": ["Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Dysphagia", "Nausea and vomiting", "Upper gastrointestinal bleed", "Malignant transformation"], "Parents": ["Upper gastrointestinal pathology"], "Description": ["\"Premalignant condition: 40-fold risk of adenocarcinoma\n\nMale: female = 10:1\nCaucasian: African = 5:1\n\nPathology:\nSquamous to columnar metaplasia in lower esophagus-\n(an adaptation to chronic acid exposure from reflux )\n\nTreatment \n1) Annual surveillance to detect progression to intraepithelial neoplasia.\n2)For such high-grade dysplasia: \n     -  esophagectomy or\n     -  endoscopic mucosal ablation \n\n\n85% mortality if oesophageal cancer develops.\""]}
,{"Name": "Lateral medullary syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Wallenberg syndrome", "PICA syndrome"], "Causes": ["Posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion"], "Effects": ["Horner syndrome", "Contralesional spinothalamic deficit", "Vagus palsy", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Nystagmus", "Dysarthria", "Spinal fifth nerve palsy", "Ipsilateral ataxia"], "Parents": ["Brainstem syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Ocular symptom", "Synonyms": ["Eye symptom"], "Parents": ["Symptom"], "Children": ["Visual symptom", "Eye pain", "Dry eye", "Epiphora", "Red eye", "Photophobia", "Orange tears", "Blepharospasm", "Eye discharge"]}
,{"Name": "Renal cell carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["RCC", "Renal adenocarcinoma", "Hypernephroma"], "Causes": ["Von Hippel-Lindau disease", "Acquired renal cystic disease", "Cigarette smoking", "Obesity", "Phenacetin", "Cadmium", "Membranous glomerulonephritis"], "Effects": ["Haematuria", "Abdominal mass", "Chronic abdominal pain", "Hypercalcaemia", "Inappropriately raised erythropoietin", "Renal vein thrombosis", "Varicocele", "Lung metastasis", "Bone metastasis", "Sterile pyuria", "Secondary amyloidosis", "Dermatomyositis", "Ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion", "Cancers with polygenic inheritance", "Hypernephroma triad", "Increased vascular tone"], "Parents": ["Kidney carcinoma"], "Children": ["Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma"], "Treatments": ["Radical nephrectomy", "Embolisation", "Growth factor inhibitor", "Bevacizumab", "Sunitnib", "Cytotoxic drug"], "Description": ["\"STAGING:\nT1  < 7 cm Limited to kidney \nT2  7-10 cm Limited to kidney  \nT3  Renal vein  perinephric tissues involved.\nT4  Distant spread\n\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Vulval pruritus", "Causes": ["Vulval irritation", "Vaginitis"], "Parents": ["Pruritus", "Gynaecological symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Disopyramide", "Effects": ["Chemical cardioversion"], "Parents": ["Class IA antiarrhythmic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Pyoderma gangrenosum", "Causes": ["Inflammatory bowel disease", "Rheumatoid disease", "Myelofibrosis", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Wegeners granulomatosis", "Psoriatic arthropathy", "Sarcoidosis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Leukaemia", "Primary biliary cirrhosis", "Leucocytoclastic vasculitis", "Myeloma", "Lymphoma", "Polycythaemia rubra vera", "Diabetes mellitus", "Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance"], "Effects": ["Positive pathergy test", "Necrotic skin lesion"], "Parents": ["Skin signs on observation"], "Treatments": ["Dapsone", "Glucocorticoid"]}
,{"Name": "Carbuncle", "Causes": ["Staphylococcus aureus"]}
,{"Name": "Electroconvulsive therapy", "Synonyms": ["ECT"], "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Treats": ["Organic catatonic disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Cortical blindness", "Causes": ["Occipital lobe lesion", "Temporal lobe lesion", "Parietal lobe lesion"], "Effects": ["Homonomous hemianopia"], "Parents": ["Blindness"]}
,{"Name": "Metabolic disease", "Parents": ["Disease"], "Children": ["Congenital metabolic disease", "Acquired metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Investigation", "Synonyms": ["Test"], "Children": ["Biochemical investigation", "Blood investigation", "Haematological investigation", "Immunological investigation", "Microbiological investigation", "Radiological investigation", "Electrocardiographic investigation", "Echocardiography sign", "Histology", "Ascitic tap", "Bronchoscopy", "Angiographic procedure", "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography", "Decreased lung function", "Nuclear radiology finding", "Neurological investigation", "Neurophysiological investigation", "Electrophysiological sign", "EEG sign"]}
,{"Name": "Acroparaesthesia", "Causes": ["Fabry disease"], "Parents": ["Paraesthesia"]}
,{"Name": "Incontinence", "Causes": ["Encephalitis", "Epileptic seizure", "Autonomic neuropathy"], "Parents": ["Gastrointestinal symptom"], "Children": ["Faecal incontinence", "Urinary incontinence"]}
,{"Name": "Osteoma skull", "Causes": ["Gardener's syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Epidermal naevus", "Causes": ["FGFR3 gene mutation"], "Parents": ["Congenital skin disease"], "Description": ["\"Overgrowth of the epidermis\nDefect in the ectoderm \n\nWarty lesions.\nTrunk and limbs.\nForm a line", "on one side of the body -unilateral.\nDistributed along the lines of Blashko. \""]}
,{"Name": "HLA-A28", "Effects": ["Schizophrenia"], "Parents": ["HLA antigen"]}
,{"Name": "Bleeding per urethrum", "Synonyms": ["Frank urethral bleeding", "Frank blood from urethra"], "Causes": ["Urethral injury"], "Parents": ["Haematuria"]}
,{"Name": "Parkinson's disease", "Synonyms": ["Idiopathic Parkinson disease", "iPD"], "Causes": ["Type II polyglandular syndrome", "Male gender", "SNCA gene mutation", "Rapid eye movement sleep behavioural disorder"], "Effects": ["Parkinsonism", "Lewy bodies in substantia nigra", "Lewy body dementia", "Axial rigidity", "Neurological mental disorder", "Gait apraxia", "Chorea", "Seborrhoeic dermatitis", "Impulse control disorder", "Altered sensation of taste"], "Parents": ["Neurodegenerative disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Haemoglobinaemia", "Causes": ["Intravascular haemolysis"], "Effects": ["Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia", "Low haptoglobin"], "Parents": ["Blood investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Secondary vasculitis", "Causes": ["Chilblains", "Hepatitis C", "Cryoglobulinaemia", "Antiphospholipid syndrome", "Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Vascular pathology"]}
,{"Name": "Cardiac glycoside", "Parents": ["Cardiac drug"], "Children": ["Digoxin"]}
,{"Name": "Dural grafts", "Effects": ["Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease"]}
,{"Name": "Lymphocytic cerebrospinal fluid", "Synonyms": ["Lymphocytic CSF", "CSF lymphocytosis"], "Causes": ["Aseptic meningitis", "Multiple sclerosis"], "Parents": ["Lumbar puncture"]}
,{"Name": "Salpingooophorectomy", "Synonyms": ["Salpingo-oophorectomy"], "Effects": ["Hypogonadism"], "Parents": ["Gynaecological surgery"], "Treats": ["Epithelial ovarian tumour"]}
,{"Name": "Epidermolysis bullosa", "Parents": ["Congenital skin disease"], "Description": ["\"changes in room temperature lead to painful blistering.\""]}
,{"Name": "Epiphora", "Synonyms": ["Increased lacrymation", "Watering eye", "Watery eye", "Tear production", "Excess tears", "Lacrimation"], "Causes": ["Conjunctivitis", "Cluster headache", "Tearfulness", "Ophthalmic autonomic dysregulation", "Anterior uveitis", "Superficial keratitis", "Trichiasis"], "Parents": ["Ocular symptom"]}
,{"Name": "Asymetrical crying face", "Causes": ["DiGeorge syndrome", "Velocardiofacial syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time", "Synonyms": ["Raised APTT", "Lengthened APTT", "Increased APTT", "Prolonged APTT"], "Causes": ["Von Willebrand disease", "Clotting factor deficiency"], "Parents": ["Haematological investigation"]}
,{"Name": "Right-sided bacterial endocarditis", "Causes": ["Intravenous drug abuse", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Streptococcus bovis", "Pacemaker"], "Effects": ["Lung abscess"], "Parents": ["Infective endocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Rosenthal fibres", "Synonyms": ["Fibrous eosinophilic deposits in white matter"], "Causes": ["Alexander disease", "Fucosidosis", "Pilocytic astrocytoma"], "Parents": ["Brain biopsy"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Cerebral salt wasting"], "Causes": ["Hypothalamic syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Combined lung carcinoma", "Parents": ["Bronchial carcinoma"]}
,{"Name": "Hallucination", "Causes": ["Psychosis", "Antimuscarinic drug", "Neurological mental disorder", "St. Anthony's fire", "Dopamine receptor agonist"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric sign"], "Children": ["Auditory hallucination", "Visual hallucination", "Tactile hallucination", "Olfactory hallucination", "Gustatory hallucination", "Extracampine hallucination"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic urinary tract obstruction", "Synonyms": ["Chronic urinary outflow obstruction"], "Causes": ["Ureteric obstruction", "Pelviureteric junction obstruction", "Posterior urethral valve"], "Effects": ["Urinary tract infection", "Chronic renal failure", "Tubulointerstitial nephritis", "Hydronephrosis"], "Parents": ["Urological disease"]}
,{"Name": "Antipyretic drug", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Paracetamol", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug"]}
,{"Name": "Scrotal oedema", "Causes": ["Henoch-Schonlein purpura"], "Parents": ["Scrotal swelling"]}
,{"Name": "Cervical lymphadenopathy", "Synonyms": ["Cervical lymph node enlargement"], "Causes": ["Kawasaki disease", "Infectious mononucleosis", "Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome", "Hodgkin lymphoma"], "Effects": ["Neck swelling"], "Parents": ["Localised lymphadenopathy"]}
,{"Name": "Cerebral pathology", "Synonyms": ["Cortical pathology", "Brain pathology"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system pathology"], "Children": ["Cerebral lesion", "Cerebral oedema", "Cerebral vasculitis", "Hypoxic brain injury", "Progressive rubella panencephalitis", "Corticobasal degeneration", "Cerebrovascular accident", "Cerebrovascular disease"]}
,{"Name": "Low glucocorticoid", "Synonyms": ["Hypocortisolaemia", "Low cortisol"], "Causes": ["Adrenocortical insufficiency", "21-hydroxylase deficiency"], "Effects": ["Peripheral vasodilatation", "Hypoglycaemia"], "Parents": ["Hormonal imbalance"], "Treatments": ["Corticosteroid"]}
,{"Name": "Vitamin D deficiency", "Causes": ["Inadequate diet", "Malabsorption state", "lack of exposure to sunlight", "Fat soluble vitamin deficiency", "Phenytoin", "Anorexia nervosa"], "Effects": ["Hypocalcaemia", "Hypophosphataemia", "High alkaline phosphatase", "Rickets"], "Parents": ["Vitamin deficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Muscle biopsy", "Synonyms": ["Muscle histology"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Children": ["Paracrystalline inclusion"]}
,{"Name": "Venous thrombosis", "Causes": ["Hypercoagulable state", "Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria", "Behcet disease", "Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Fabry disease"], "Effects": ["Venous occlusion"], "Parents": ["Thrombosis"], "Children": ["Splenic vein thrombosis", "Splenic thrombosis", "Portal vein thrombosis", "Hepatic vein thrombosis", "Cavernous sinus thrombosis", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Renal vein thrombosis", "Retinal vein occlusion"]}
,{"Name": "COL1A1  gene mutation", "Effects": ["Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Caffey disease", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 17q21.33\""]}
,{"Name": "Ciprofloxacin", "Effects": ["Crystalline keratopathy"], "Parents": ["Quinolone", "P450 enzyme inhibitor"], "Treats": ["Typhoid fever", "Intestinal anthrax", "Oropharyngeal anthrax", "Inhalation anthrax", "Bubonic plague"]}
,{"Name": "Cystolithotomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Bladder calculus"]}
,{"Name": "Pressure sores", "Causes": ["Prolonged immobilisation"]}
,{"Name": "Buttock claudication", "Causes": ["Leriche syndrome"], "Parents": ["Claudication"]}
,{"Name": "Indomethacin", "Synonyms": ["Indometacin"], "Effects": ["Cornea verticillata"], "Parents": ["Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug"], "Treats": ["Hemicrania continua", "Paroxysmal hemicrania"]}
,{"Name": "Alpers syndrome", "Effects": ["Cerebral infarction", "Dorsal column lesion", "Cerebellar ataxia", "Acute pancreatitis", "Chronic liver disease", "Metabolic epilepsy"], "Parents": ["Mitochondrial chromosome disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Long face", "Causes": ["DiGeorge syndrome"], "Parents": ["Face sign"]}
,{"Name": "Moth eaten calyx", "Causes": ["Renal papillary necrosis"], "Parents": ["Intravenous urogram sign"]}
,{"Name": "Alcoholic foetor", "Synonyms": ["Smell of alcohol"], "Causes": ["Alcoholism"], "Parents": ["Breath smell"]}
,{"Name": "Percussion sign", "Parents": ["Respiratory sign"], "Children": ["Hyperresonance", "Decreased resonance", "Stony dull to percussion"]}
,{"Name": "Macular rash", "Causes": ["Fievre boutonneuse", "Bowel bypass syndrome", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Toxic shock syndrome", "Ehrlichiosis"], "Parents": ["Rash"], "Children": ["Erythema multiforme", "Morbilliform rash"]}
,{"Name": "Normocytic anaemia", "Causes": ["Uraemia", "Pancytopaenia", "Infective endocarditis"], "Parents": ["Anaemia"], "Children": ["Anaemia of pregnancy", "Anaemia of blood loss"]}
,{"Name": "Acute nephritic syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Acute nephritis"], "Causes": ["Acute glomerulonephritis", "IgA nephropathy", "Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis", "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis", "Acute tubular necrosis", "Acute post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Shunt nephritis"], "Effects": ["Acute kidney injury", "Renal fluid retention", "Haematuria", "Proteinuria", "Hypertensive encephalopathy", "Oliguria", "Uraemia"], "Parents": ["Nephritis"]}
,{"Name": "Pulse sign", "Parents": ["Examination sign"], "Children": ["Radiofemoral delay", "Bounding pulse", "Irregular pulse", "Collapsing pulse", "Absent femoral pulses", "Absent radial pulse", "Absent arterial pulse", "Jerky sustained pulse", "Bradycardia", "Sinus tachycardia"]}
,{"Name": "Tracheal tug", "Causes": ["Dyspnoea"], "Parents": ["Neck sign"]}
,{"Name": "Parietal lobe lesion", "Causes": ["Alzheimer disease"], "Effects": ["Apraxia", "Gerstmann syndrome", "Balint syndrome", "Cortical blindness", "Neglect syndrome", "Astereognosis", "Dysgraphaesthesia"], "Parents": ["Cerebral lesion"]}
,{"Name": "Invasive aspergillosis", "Causes": ["Aspergillus fumigatus", "Immunosuppression"]}
,{"Name": "Meningitis", "Effects": ["Meningism", "Raised intracranial pressure", "Inappropriate ADH secretion", "Sensorineural deafness", "Delirium", "Childhood seizure", "Childhood deafness"], "Parents": ["Central nervous system pathology", "Inflammatory disease", "Notifiable disease", "Contagious disease"], "Children": ["Bacterial meningitis", "Aseptic meningitis"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Scaphoid fracture", "Effects": ["Avascular necrosis"]}
,{"Name": "Lafora body disease", "Synonyms": ["EPM2A gene mutation", "Laforin mutation"], "Effects": ["Myoclonus", "Early onset dementia", "Progressive myoclonic epilepsy", "Metabolic epilepsy", "PAS-positive inclusions"]}
,{"Name": "Strontium plaque irradiation", "Parents": ["Ophthalmological surgery"], "Treats": ["Pterygium of the eye"]}
,{"Name": "Prednisolone", "Parents": ["Glucocorticoid"], "Treats": ["Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia", "Chronic active hepatitis", "Ulcerative colitis", "Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy", "Hypercalcaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Enalapril", "Parents": ["Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor"]}
,{"Name": "Brain tumour", "Causes": ["Li-Fraumeni syndrome"], "Effects": ["Cerebral lesion", "Intracranial space occupying lesion", "Childhood seizure"], "Parents": ["Neurological pathology"], "Children": ["Meningioma", "Central nervous system lymphoma", "Pineal tumour", "Cortical hamartoma"]}
,{"Name": "Tendonitis", "Causes": ["Repetitive stress injury"]}
,{"Name": "Doxycycline", "Parents": ["Tetracycline"], "Treats": ["Acne vulgaris", "Lymphogranuloma venereum", "Pelvic inflammatory disease", "Venereal disease", "Chlamydia trachomatis infection", "Brucellosis", "Whipple's disease", "Cutaneous anthrax", "Intestinal anthrax", "Oropharyngeal anthrax", "Q-fever", "Tularemia", "Chlamydis psittaci infection", "Leptospira infection", "Lyme disease", "Ehrlichiosis", "Rocky Mountain spotted fever", "Rickettsia"]}
,{"Name": "Flaccid paralysis", "Causes": ["Non-depolarising blocker", "Botulinum toxin", "Neuromuscular blockade", "Lower motor neurone lesion"], "Parents": ["Paresis"]}
,{"Name": "Terbutaline", "Synonyms": ["Bricanyl"], "Parents": ["Respiratory drug"], "Description": ["\"Bronchodilator\""]}
,{"Name": "Bruton agammaglobulinaemia", "Synonyms": ["X-linked agammaglobulinaemia"], "Effects": ["Defective B-cell function"], "Parents": ["X-linked recessive disorder", "Congenital immunodeficiency"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic T-cell leukaemia", "Effects": ["Sezary syndrome", "Mycosis fungoides"], "Parents": ["Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"]}
,{"Name": "External sphincterotomy", "Parents": ["Urological Surgery"], "Treats": ["Neurogenic bladder"]}
,{"Name": "Hypertriglyceridaemia", "Synonyms": ["High triglyceride", "Raised triglyceride"], "Causes": ["Familial combined hyperlipidaemia", "Dysbetalipopriteinaemia", "Familial hypertriglyceridaemia", "Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia", "Obesity", "Type II diabetes mellitus", "Hypothyroidism", "Alcohol", "Chronic renal failure", "Asian origin", "Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Thiazide", "High oestrogen", "Isotretinoin", "Bile acid binding resin", "Protease inhibitor", "Zeef syndrome", "Cushing syndrome", "Acromegaly", "Von Gierke disease"], "Effects": ["Acute pancreatitis", "Eruptive xanthoma"], "Parents": ["Hyperlipidaemia"], "Treatments": ["Nicotinic acid", "Gemfibrozil"], "Description": ["\"Rx lifestyle", "fibrate", "nicotinic acid", "Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids (fish oil)\""]}
,{"Name": "Bell palsy", "Synonyms": ["Bell's palsy", "Bell palsy"], "Causes": ["Lyme disease"], "Effects": ["Facial nerve palsy"], "Parents": ["Mononeuropathy"]}
,{"Name": "Immune response", "Synonyms": ["Immunological response"], "Effects": ["Sterile inflammation"], "Children": ["Monocyte activation", "Phagocyte activation", "Phospholipase A2 activation", "Angiogenesis", "Lymphocyte chemotaxis", "T-cell activation"]}
,{"Name": "Aschoff nodule", "Causes": ["Rheumatic fever"], "Parents": ["Histology"], "Description": ["\"Myocardial necrotic granuloma\""]}
,{"Name": "Hydronephrosis", "Causes": ["Chronic urinary tract obstruction", "Vesico-ureteric reflux", "Kidney malformation", "Edward's syndrome", "Patau syndrome", "Congenital renal malformation"], "Effects": ["Chronic renal failure"], "Parents": ["Intravenous urogram sign"]}
,{"Name": "Dissociation", "Synonyms": ["Dissociative symptom", "Hysterical symptom"], "Parents": ["Psychiatric sign"], "Children": ["Dissociative fugue", "Conversion disorder", "Stupor"]}
,{"Name": "Interstitial cystitis", "Effects": ["Suprapubic pain", "Urinary frequency", "Urinary urgency", "Sterile pyuria", "Hunner's ulcer"], "Treatments": ["DMSO", "Radical Cystectomy"]}
,{"Name": "Escherichia coli", "Synonyms": ["E. coli"], "Effects": ["Urinary tract infection", "Bacterial meningitis", "Appendicitis", "Endotoxin", "Liver abscess", "Bacterial gastroenteritis", "Necrotising fasciitis"], "Parents": ["Enterobacteriaceae"], "Children": ["Escherichia coli O157:H7"], "Description": ["\"Neonatal meningitis\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Carotid occlusive disease", "Effects": ["Slow flow retinopathy", "Transient ischaemic attack", "Carotid bruit", "Cerebral infarction"], "Parents": ["Cerebrovascular disease"]}
,{"Name": "Trihexyphenidyl", "Parents": ["Anticholinergic drug"]}
,{"Name": "Decreased transit time", "Causes": ["Increased gut motility", "Bile acid binding resin", "Short bowel syndrome", "Gastrectomy"], "Effects": ["Diarrhoea"]}
,{"Name": "Peripheral vascular disease", "Synonyms": ["PVD", "Peripheral arteriosclerosis"], "Causes": ["Atherosclerosis", "Pseudoxanthoma elasticum", "Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome"], "Effects": ["Intermittent claudication", "Impotence", "Cerebral infarction", "Chilblains", "Arterial ulcer", "Limb ischaemia", "Aortic aneurysm", "Raynaud phenomenon"], "Treatments": ["Aortic bypass"]}
,{"Name": "Splenic infarct", "Causes": ["Sickle cell crisis"], "Description": ["\"Because of its narrow vessels and function in clearing defective red blood cells", "the spleen is frequently affected.\nUsually infarcted in childhood. \nSuch autosplenectomy increases the risk of infection.\nProphylactic  antibiotics and vaccinations are recommended.\""]}
,{"Name": "Non-hodgkin lymphoma", "Synonyms": ["NHL"], "Causes": ["Down syndrome", "Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance"], "Effects": ["Membranous glomerulonephritis"], "Parents": ["Lymphoma"], "Children": ["Follicular lymphoma", "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma", "Burkitt lymphoma"], "Treatments": ["Vincristine", "Rituximab"], "Description": ["\"Node biopsy", "CT chest", "pelvis", "abdomen\nFBC U+E LFT\n?Ba meal", "lymphangiogram", "fluid cytologies\""]}
,{"Name": "Skull radiographical sign", "Parents": ["Radiological investigation"], "Children": ["Crew haircut appearance", "Pepper-pot skull", "Basilar impression", "Osteoporosis circumscripta", "Fluid in maxillary sinus", "Teardrop sign"]}
,{"Name": "Atopic dermatitis", "Synonyms": ["Atopic eczema"], "Effects": ["Nail pitting"], "Parents": ["Dermatitis"], "Treatments": ["Tacrolimus", "Glucocorticoid"], "Description": ["\"Atopy is an exaggerated IgE-mediated immune response; \nAll atopic disorders are type I hypersensitivity disorders.\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Candida albicans", "Causes": ["Poorly controlled diabetes", "Laparotomy"], "Effects": ["Phlycten"], "Parents": ["Yeast", "Opportunistic infection"], "Children": ["Candida endophthalmitis", "Meningeal candida", "Oesophageal candidiasis", "Vaginal candidiasis", "Oral candidiasis"], "Treatments": ["Pentamidine", "Clotrimazole"]}
,{"Name": "Gait", "Parents": ["Neurological sign", "Examination sign"], "Children": ["Waddling gait", "Rolling gait", "Shuffling gait", "Festinant gait", "Broad-based gait", "Steppage gait", "Lordotic gait", "Trendelenberg gait", "Foot drop", "Antalgic gait", "Positive Schober test", "Stamping gait"]}
,{"Name": "Neuropathic pain", "Synonyms": ["Burning pain", "girdle pain", "MS hug"], "Causes": ["Peripheral neuropathy", "Diabetic neuropathy", "Small fibre neuropathy", "Paraesthesia", "Mononeuritis multiplex"], "Effects": ["Referred abdominal pain"], "Parents": ["Pain"], "Treatments": ["Imipramine", "Gabapentin", "Carbamazepine", "Lignocaine", "Amitriptyline"]}
,{"Name": "Refractory anaemia with excess of blasts", "Synonyms": ["RAEB"], "Parents": ["Myelodysplastic syndrome"], "Description": ["\"5-20% blasts in marrow\n<5% blasts in blood\""]}
,{"Name": "PTPNL gene mutation", "Effects": ["Noonan syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 12q24\""]}
,{"Name": "FGFR2 gene mutation", "Effects": ["Crouzon syndrome"], "Parents": ["Mutation at genetic locus"], "Description": ["\"Locus 10q26\""]}
,{"Name": "Cataract", "Causes": ["Stickler syndrome", "Congenital varicella syndrome", "Congenital rubella syndrome"], "Effects": ["Amblyopia", "Monocular blindness", "Absent red reflex"], "Parents": ["Ocular pathology"], "Children": ["Acquired cataract", "Congenital cataract"]}
,{"Name": "Congenital rubella syndrome", "Effects": ["Sensorineural deafness", "Cataract", "Patent ductus arteriosus"], "Parents": ["Congenital malformation syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Erythroblastosis fetalis", "Causes": ["Rhesus incompatibility", "ABO incompatibility"], "Effects": ["Extravascular haemolysis", "Kernicterus"]}
,{"Name": "Detrusor instability", "Synonyms": ["Irritable bladder"], "Causes": ["Idiopathic Detrusor instability", "Neurogenic bladder"], "Effects": ["Urinary frequency", "Urinary urgency", "Urge incontinence", "Lower urinary tract symptom"], "Parents": ["Urological disease"], "Treatments": ["Antimuscarinic drug", "Cystodistension", "Augmentation cystoplasty", "Urinary diversion"], "Description": ["\"Treatment:\n - Bladder re-training\n - Anticholinergics\n - Bladder distension\n - Intravesical Botox injection\n - Augmentation Cystoplasty\n - Urinary Diversion\n\""]}
,{"Name": "Prolonged cardiac refractory period", "Causes": ["Class III antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IB antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IA antiarrhythmic drug"], "Parents": ["Cardiac action potential change"]}
,{"Name": "Anosmia", "Synonyms": ["Impaired sense of smell"], "Causes": ["Refsum disease", "Kallman syndrome", "Klinefelter syndrome"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign"]}
,{"Name": "Foetor hepaticus", "Synonyms": ["Hepatic foetor"], "Causes": ["Liver failure"], "Effects": ["Positive aminopyrine breath test"], "Parents": ["Breath smell"]}
,{"Name": "Amlodipine", "Parents": ["Calcium channel blocker"], "Treats": ["Baroreceptor deafferentation syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Goserelin", "Synonyms": ["Zoladex"], "Parents": ["Endocrine drug", "Urological drug", "Hormonal manipulation"], "Treats": ["Prostate cancer"]}
,{"Name": "Hereditary organic acidosis", "Synonyms": ["Hereditary lactic acidosis"], "Causes": ["Hereditary lactate acidosis"], "Parents": ["Autosomal recessive congenital metabolic disease"]}
,{"Name": "Visual symptom", "Synonyms": ["Visual problem"], "Parents": ["Ocular symptom"], "Children": ["Blindness", "Optical floater", "Clouding of vision", "Decreased visual acuity", "Diplopia", "Visual distortion", "Seeing lights", "Fortification spectra", "Black rain", "Desaturation", "Xanthopsia", "Bilateral visual failure"]}
,{"Name": "Poverty", "Effects": ["Inadequate iron intake"]}
,{"Name": "Dactylitis", "Causes": ["Sickle cell crisis"], "Description": ["\"One of the earliest clinical manifestations is dactylitis", "presenting as early as six months of age\""]}
,{"Name": "Abdominal aortic aneurysm", "Synonyms": ["AAA"], "Causes": ["Male gender", "Old age"], "Effects": ["Asymptomatic", "Pulsatile mass", "Abdominal arterial bruit", "Scalloped vertebrae", "Ureteric obstruction", "Arterial embolus", "Aorto-caval fistula", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Anterior scalloping", "Arterial thrombosis"], "Parents": ["Aortic aneurysm"], "Treatments": ["Aortic aneurysm repair"], "Description": ["\"localized dilation of  abdominal aorta 50% > than normal \n(>3cm diameter)\n\nIncidence = 10% above age 60\n\nPrognosis:\n5 year risk of rupture: \n5.0 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 5.9 cm = 25% \n6.0 \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 6.9 cm = 35% \nMore than 7 cm = 75%\n \nOnly 15% aneurysms ever rupture. \n85% of patients with AAA die from unrelated cause.\n\nMortality of elective surgery = 5%\nMortality of emergency surgery = 50%\n\nScreening men over 60 can reduce mortality.\""]}
,{"Name": "White hair", "Synonyms": ["Poloisis"], "Causes": ["Amelanosis", "Old age"]}
,{"Name": "Acute blood loss", "Synonyms": ["Acute bleeding", "Acute bleed", "Acute haemorrhage"], "Causes": ["Trauma", "Surgery", "Ruptured aortic aneurysm", "Gastrointestinal haemorrhage", "Gynaecological haemorrhage", "Rupture of abdominal viscus", "Fetal death", "Long bone fracture", "Pelvic fracture", "Bleeding disorder", "Haemoptysis", "Bleeding from wound"], "Effects": ["Hypovolaemia", "Anaemia of blood loss", "Chronic blood loss", "Maternal Risk"], "Parents": ["Haemorrhage"], "Treatments": ["Intravenous fluid", "Blood transfusion"]}
,{"Name": "Large joint arthritis", "Synonyms": ["Large-joint arthritis"], "Causes": ["Campylobacter jejuni", "Psoriatic arthropathy"], "Parents": ["Arthritis"]}
,{"Name": "Secondary syphilis", "Causes": ["Syphilis"], "Effects": ["Generalised lymphadenopathy", "Erythema multiforme", "Condyloma lata", "Scarring alopecia", "Non-scarring alopecia", "Buccal snail-track ulcer", "Bacterial lymphocytic meningitis", "Dusky palmar macules", "Collarette", "Periostitis", "Scleritis", "Uveitis"], "Description": ["\"4-8 weeks after primary chancre\n33% still have chancre\""]}
,{"Name": "Substance", "Children": ["Chemical", "Drug", "Hormone", "Antibody", "Teratogen", "Carcinogen", "Drink", "Food"]}
,{"Name": "Corynebacterium diphtheriae", "Effects": ["Diphtheria"], "Parents": ["Gram positive bacillus"]}
,{"Name": "Atrioventricular block", "Synonyms": ["AV node block", "AV block"], "Causes": ["Beta adrenoceptor blocker", "Class IA antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IC antiarrhythmic drug", "Class III antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IV antiarrhythmic drug", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Myocarditis"], "Parents": ["Heart block", "Cardiac action potential change"], "Children": ["First degree atrioventricular block", "Second degree atrioventricular block", "Third degree atrioventricular block"]}
,{"Name": "Limb hypertrophy", "Causes": ["Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome", "Parkes Weber syndrome"], "Parents": ["Vascular sign"]}
,{"Name": "Fragile X syndrome", "Synonyms": ["Fragile-X syndrome", "Martin\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdBell syndrome", "Escalante's syndrome"], "Causes": ["FMR1 gene mutation"], "Effects": ["Mental retardation", "Short stature", "Large ears", "Macroorchidism", "High arched palate", "Prognathism", "Autism spectrum disorder", "Mitral valve prolapse", "Joint hypermobility", "Neonatal hypotonia", "Self-mutilation", "Congenital strabismus"], "Parents": ["Triplet repeat disease", "X-linked recessive disorder"], "Description": ["\"1 in 1000 male births\n1 in 3000 females are carriers\n\nMutation of the fragile X mental retardation  (FMR1) gene on the X chromosome.\nResults in failure to express the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP).Required for normal neural development.\n\nMost widespread single-gene cause of autism and inherited cause of intellectual disability.\n\nThe gene  is found at the end of the Xchromosome and shows as a \u00ef\u00bf\u00bdfragile\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd site on the chromosome \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd it looks\nas though it is breaking off but is not quite separated.\""]}
,{"Name": "Local anaesthetic", "Parents": ["Drug"], "Children": ["Lignocaine", "Cocaine", "Diphenhydramine"]}
,{"Name": "Wide pubic symphysis", "Causes": ["Cranio-cleido dysostosis"]}
,{"Name": "Galactocele", "Effects": ["Breast lump"], "Parents": ["Breast disease"], "Description": ["\"-Retention cyst caused by  protein plug blocking outlet of mamamary gland.\r\n\r\n-Conatins milk or a milky substance\r\n-Occurs in lactating women on cessation of lactation. \r\n\r\nTreatment\r\n-Once lactation has ended the cyst should resolve without intervention. \r\n\r\n-Attempts to drain the cyst are unsuccessful because the protein plug remains intact and milk production continues. \r\n-Excision of cyst needed.\""]}
,{"Name": "Adrenal carcinoma", "Synonyms": ["Ca adrenal gland", "Adrenal cancer"], "Causes": ["Li-Fraumeni syndrome"], "Effects": ["Adrenal cortical hyperfunction"], "Parents": ["Carcinoma"], "Description": ["\"Cortisol replacement post-surgery\nLate metastases common\""]}
,{"Name": "Bacterial endocarditis", "Synonyms": ["Subacute bacterial endocarditis"], "Causes": ["Dental procedure", "Viridans streptococci", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Gonorrhoea", "Typhoid fever", "Psittacosis", "Rat-bite fever"], "Parents": ["Infective endocarditis"], "Children": ["Culture-negative endocarditis"]}
,{"Name": "Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome", "Effects": ["Dysmorphic facies"], "Parents": ["Lysosomal storage disorder"]}
,{"Name": "Mumps", "Effects": ["Acute pancreatitis", "Bilateral parotid swelling", "Viral meningitis", "Orchitis", "Primary testicular failure", "Sensorineural deafness", "Infectious encephalitis"], "Parents": ["Single-stranded RNA virus", "Live vaccine", "Low testosterone", "Notifiable disease", "Contagious disease", "Childhood infections"], "Treatments": ["Prophylactic immunisation"]}
,{"Name": "Hill sign", "Causes": ["Aortic regurgitation"], "Parents": ["Blood pressure sign"], "Description": ["\"Higher systolic pressure in leg than arm\n>60 is severe aortic regurgitation\""]}
,{"Name": "Monoclonal band", "Causes": ["Paraproteinaemia"], "Parents": ["Serum electrophoresis"]}
,{"Name": "Penicillamine", "Synonyms": ["Dimethylcysteine", "D-penicillamine"], "Effects": ["Membranous glomerulonephritis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "Vitamin B6 deficiency", "Nausea and vomiting", "Altered sensation of taste", "Neutropenia", "Drug rash", "Selective IgA deficiency", "Lichen planus", "Cutis laxa", "Drug induced autoimmune thrombocytopaenia", "Goodpasture syndrome", "Secondary nephrotic glomerular disease"], "Parents": ["Chelating agent", "Disease modifying antirheumatic drug"], "Treats": ["Diffuse systemic sclerosis", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Wilson's disease", "Cystinuria"], "Description": ["\"Prevents crosslinking of collagen and elastin", "and chelates copper\""]}
,{"Name": "Festinant gait", "Synonyms": ["Festinating gait", "Festination of gait"], "Causes": ["Bradykinesia"], "Parents": ["Gait"]}
,{"Name": "Slate-grey skin pigmentation", "Causes": ["Haemochromatosis", "Kala-azar", "Argyria"], "Parents": ["Skin colour"]}
,{"Name": "Butyrophenone", "Parents": ["Serotonin antagonist", "Neuroleptic drug"], "Children": ["Haloperidol"]}
,{"Name": "Positive birefringence", "Causes": ["Pseudogout"], "Parents": ["Histology"]}
,{"Name": "Manual work", "Synonyms": ["Manual labour"], "Effects": ["Splinter haemorrhage"]}
,{"Name": "Aspergillus flavus", "Effects": ["Keratomycosis", "Aflatoxin"], "Parents": ["Aspergillus"]}
,{"Name": "Ipratropium", "Parents": ["Antimuscarinic drug"], "Treats": ["Asthma", "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"]}
,{"Name": "Visual field loss", "Synonyms": ["Visual field defect"], "Parents": ["Cranial nerve sign", "Ocular sign"], "Children": ["Bitemporal hemianopia", "Homonomous hemianopia", "Central scotoma", "Large blind spot", "Blindness", "Arcuate field defect", "Extinction", "Tunnel vision"]}
,{"Name": "Leukodystrophy", "Synonyms": ["Leucodystrophy"], "Parents": ["Demyelination"], "Children": ["Metachromatic leukodystrophy", "Adrenomyeloneuropathy", "Krabbe disease", "Canavan disease", "Refsum disease", "Alexander disease", "Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy", "Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease"]}
,{"Name": "Chronic bacterial infection", "Effects": ["Anaemia of chronic disease"], "Parents": ["Chronic infection"], "Children": ["Tuberculosis", "Leprosy", "Infective endocarditis", "Lung abscess", "Chronic osteomyelitis", "Chronic suppurative otitis media", "Chronic sinusitis", "Chronic prostatitis", "Bacterial Vaginosis"]}
,{"Name": "Coxa vara", "Causes": ["Cranio-cleido dysostosis"], "Parents": ["Lower limb deformity"]}
,{"Name": "Quinolone", "Synonyms": ["Fluoroquinolone"], "Effects": ["Antibiotic altering bowel flora", "Photosensitivity dermatitis"], "Parents": ["Antibiotic", "Drug secreted in breast milk"], "Children": ["Ciprofloxacin", "Nalixidic acid"], "Treats": ["Haemophilus influenzae"], "Description": ["\"Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase\""]}
,{"Name": "Pearson syndrome", "Effects": ["Sideroblastic anaemia"]}
,{"Name": "Cardiological procedure", "Synonyms": ["Cardiology procedure"], "Parents": ["Procedure"], "Children": ["Cardioversion", "Temporary pacing", "Coronary artery stent"]}
,{"Name": "Howel-Evans syndrome", "Effects": ["Carcinoma of oesophagus", "Tylosis"], "Parents": ["Disease due to genetic mutation", "Autosomal dominant disorder"], "Description": ["\"Gene mutation RHBDF2 Locus 17q25\""]}
,{"Name": "Central scotoma", "Causes": ["Whipple's disease", "Macular degeneration", "Choroidal haemangioma", "Optic atrophy", "Macular oedema"], "Effects": ["Decreased visual acuity"], "Parents": ["Visual field loss"], "Children": ["Caecocentral scotoma"]}
,{"Name": "Prolonged cardiac action potential duration", "Causes": ["Class III antiarrhythmic drug", "Class IA antiarrhythmic drug"], "Parents": ["Cardiac action potential change"]}
,{"Name": "Hyperviscosity", "Causes": ["Polycythaemia", "Leukaemia", "Paraproteinaemia"], "Effects": ["Retinal vein occlusion", "Renal vein thrombosis", "Slow flow retinopathy", "Raynaud phenomenon", "Chronic headache", "Visual distortion", "Tinnitus", "Vertigo", "Livedo reticularis", "Acute coronary syndrome"]}
,{"Name": "Vinca alkaloid", "Parents": ["Cytotoxic drug", "Carcinogen"], "Children": ["Vincristine", "Vinblastine"]}
]