Parkinsonism

external

• Causes

  • Parkinson's disease
  • Neuroleptic drug
  • Progressive supranuclear palsy
  • Multiple system atrophy
  • Corticobasal degeneration
  • Arteriosclerosis of basal ganglia
  • Wilson's disease
  • MPTP toxicity
  • Carbon monoxide toxicity
  • Encephalitis
  • Olivopontocerebellar degeneration
  • DYT3
  • Manganese
  • MAPT gene mutation
  • Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

• Effects

  • Resting tremor
  • Lead pipe rigidity
  • Cogwheel rigidity
  • Bradykinesia
  • Intestinal pseudoobstruction
  • Neurogenic bladder

• Treatments

  • Occupational therapy
  • Levodopa
  • Dopamine receptor agonist
  • Selegiline
  • Catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor
  • Amantadine
  • Anticholinergic drug
  • Benzhexol
  • Apomorphine
  • Deep brain stimulation
  • Thalamotomy
  • Lamotrigine