Hypokalaemia

external

• Causes

  • Thiazide
  • Loop diuretic
  • Gut electrolyte loss
  • Cushing syndrome
  • Hyperaldosteronism
  • Potassium redistribution
  • Distal renal tubule acidosis
  • Proximal renal tubule acidosis
  • Renal artery stenosis
  • Liquorice
  • Bartter syndrome
  • Liddle syndrome
  • Carbenoxolone
  • Gentamicin
  • Amphotericin B
  • Renal tubular damage
  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Verner-Morrison syndrome
  • Metastasis
  • Salbutamol
  • Total parenteral nutrition

• Effects

  • Hypotonia
  • Muscle weakness
  • Tetany
  • U-wave
  • Long PR interval
  • Depressed ST segment
  • T-wave inversion
  • Prolonged QT interval
  • Rhabdomyolysis
  • Tubulointerstitial nephritis
  • Digoxin toxicity
  • Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
  • Asystole
  • Ventricular tachyarrhythmia

• Parents

  • Precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy
  • Electrolyte imbalance