Fluid overload

external

• Synonyms

  • Fluid retention
  • Water retention
  • Hypervolaemia

• Causes

  • Heart failure
  • Renal fluid retention
  • Iatrogenic fluid overload
  • Endocrine fluid retention
  • Total parenteral nutrition

• Effects

  • Raised jugular venous pressure
  • Peripheral oedema
  • Hypertension
  • Hepatojugular reflux
  • Orthopnoea
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
  • High pulmonary venous pressure
  • Ascites

• Treatments

  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor