"Caused by disturbance of muscular control.
Excludes structural abnormalities
such as cleft palate.
Speech = articulation and pronunciation i.e. physical ability to form words.
Involves bulbar muscles.Dysarthria is a disturbance in this muscle control.
Cranial nerves 5
7
9
10
11 control these muscles.
Language is the process in which thoughts and ideas become spoken.
Dysphasia (aphasia) is an impairment of language.
Receptive dysphasia is difficulty in comprehension.
Expressive dysphasia is difficulty in putting words together to make meaning.
Dysphonia
Impairment in the ability to produce voice sounds using the vocal organs.
It is distinct from dysarthria which signifies dysfunction in the muscles needed to produce speech.
Apraxia is inability to execute the learned purposeful movements involved in speech production.
Caused by damage to specific areas of the cerebrum.
"