Cholelithiasis

external

• Synonyms

  • Gall stones
  • Gallstones

• Causes

  • Female gender
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Old age
  • Hyperbilirubinaemia
  • Bile salt malabsorption
  • Crohn's disease
  • Haemolysis
  • Cirrhosis
  • Oral contraceptive pill
  • Clofibrate
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Cholestyramine
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Total parenteral nutrition
  • Saint's Triad

• Effects

  • Cholecystitis
  • Chronic abdominal pain
  • Common bile duct obstruction
  • Ascending cholangitis
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • Gall stone ileus
  • Empyema gall bladder
  • Saint's Triad

• Parents

  • Hepatobiliary pathology

• Treatments

  • Ursodeoxycholic acid
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
  • Weight loss

• Description

  • " Cholesterol stones = 75% of all gallstones. Pigment stones = 25% Cholesterol stones associated with: -obesity -diabetes -female gender -childbearing. Pigment stones associated with: - haemolysis. - cirrhosis of the liver: Splenomegaly causes red cell sequestration. - 50% of cirrhotic patients have pigment gallstones. "