Atrial septal defect

external

• Synonyms

  • ASD

• Causes

  • Edward's syndrome
  • Klinefelter syndrome
  • Noonan syndrome
  • Turner syndrome
  • Ellis-van Creveld syndrome

• Effects

  • Left to right shunt
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy
  • Pulmonary flow murmur
  • Fixed splitting of second heart sound
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Right bundle branch block
  • Myxoid degeneration
  • Systemic thromboembolisation
  • Secondary pulmonary hypertension

• Parents

  • Left to right shunt
  • Acyanotic heart disease

• Children

  • Ostium primum atrial septal defect
  • Ostium secundum atrial septal defect
  • Patent sinus venosus
  • Patent foramen ovale

• Treatments

  • Endovascular closure of ASD

• Description

  • "40% of all congenital heart diseases Left to Right shunt - acyanotic Systemic hypertension (increased left ventricular pressure) can worsen the left-to-right shunt. Pulmonary hypertension can cause shunt reversal = Eisenmenger's syndrome Treatment: May not need treatment if asymptomatic. Surgical closure of defect successful in 90% Method: Endovascular closure/Open surgical closure Types: Ostium secundum ASD = aperture in second septum of fetal heart fails to close. Commonest type of ASD Ostium secundum ASD + mitral valve stenosis = Lutembacher's syndrome Ostium primum ASD = defect in atrial septum at level of tricuspid & mitral valves. Most common congenital heart defect in Down's syndrome. More commonly classified as an atrio-ventricular septal defect. Difficult to repair. Sinus venosus ASD = defect in septum involving inflow of SVC . Located at junction of SVC and right atrium. Associated with anomalous drainage of right-sided pulmonary veins into right atrium. SVC"